:

: ()
:


1. .......................................................................8
2. .........................................................................10
2.1 ...............................................................................................10
2.1.1 ......................................................................................................10
2.1.2 ............................................................................10
2.2 ..........................................................11
2.2.1 .....................................................................11
2.2.2 ......................................................12
2.2.2.1 ..............................................................12
2.2.2.2 ...................................................................13
2.3 ..................................................13
2.3.1 ....................................................................................13
2.3.2 ......................................................................................14
2.4 ........................................................................15
2.5 / ......................................................................................15
2.5.1 Point to point ................................................................................................15
2.5.2 Point to Multipoint .........................................................................................16
3. .................................................................................16
3.1 ..........................................................................16
(Twisted Pair)
(Coaxial Cables)
(fibers)
3.2 ..............................................................................18
3.3 ...................................................................19
4. ..............................................................................20
4.1 / ....................................................................20
4.2 / ........................21
4.3 / ................................23
4.4 ......................................................24
4.4.1 ....................................................................................24
4.4.2 .................................................................24
4.4.3 .......24
5. ...........................................................................25

5.1 ................25
5.1.1 .....................................................................25
5.1.2 .......................................................................25
5.1.3 ...........................................................................26
5.1.4 .........................................26
5.2 ...................................26
6. ..........................................................................27
6.1 (PSTN) ...............................................................27
6.1.1 ............................................................................................................. 27
6.1.2 PSTN..........................................................................27
6.1.3 ...............................................................................28
6.2 ........................................................................................30
7. ISDN.............................31
7.1 ISDN ...........................................................................................32
8- ATM ................................................................................32
8.1 ATM ..........................................................................................32
8.2 .............................................................33
9 . ..........................................................................34
9.1 HUBS- ........................................................................34
9.1.1 ..............................................................34
9.1.2 T ...........................................................................................35
9.1.3 hub ..............................35
9.2 ROUTERS ......................................................................................................35
9.2.1 .................................................................................35
9.2.2 routers ......................................................................................36
9.2.3 router ..............................................................................36
9.2.4 routers .......................................................37
9.2.5 router ..........................................................................................38
9.3 SWITCHES .....................................................................................................38
9.3.1 .................................................................................38
9.3.2 switches ....................................................................................38
9.3.3 ..............................................................39
9.3.4 3rd Layer switches .......................................................................................39
9.4 REPEATERS ..................................................................................................39
9.4.1 .................................................................................39
9.4.2 Repeaters ..........................................................................................40
9.4.3 ........................................................................................41

9.5 GATEWAYS ....................................................................................................41

9.5.1 .................................................................................41
9.5.2 gateways .................................................................41
9.5.3 gateways ..................................................................42
9.6 ....................................................................42
9.6.1 ................................................................................42
9.6.2 ..............................................................................42
9.6.3 ...................................................................................................42
Documentation ......................................................................................................43
10 - Digital
Subscriber Line / DSL ...........................................................................................43
10.1 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) ........................................................................43
10.2 ADSL ..................................................................................................43
10.2.1 ADSL .................................................................44
10.2.2 ADSL ..............................................................................44
10.3 H- DSL ........................................................................................................... 44
10.4 S- DSL ..........................................................................................................45
10.5 V- DSL ........................................................................................................... 45
11. Open Systems Interconnection/ OSI..............45
11.1 OSI .........................................46
11.2 OSI .........................47
12. Internet
/ WWW .........................................................................................48
12.1 Internet ................................................48
12.2 TCP/ IP ...................48
12.2.1 TCP / IP ........................................................................49
12.3 domains Internet .............................50
12.4 World Wide Web ............................................................52
12.4.1 client/ server ............................................................................53
12.4.2 hypertext .........................................................................................53
12.4.3 .......................................................................................54
12.4.4 HTML- Hyper Text Markup Language ........................................................54
12.4.5 HTTP URL- FTP .......................................................................................56
12.4.5.1 URL .........................................................................................................56
12.4.5.2 HTTP .......................................................................................................56
12.4.5.3 FTP ...............................................................................56
13. / EMAIL ..............................58
13.1 (email) ..................................................................58

13.2 e- mail (Mailing Lists) .........................................................................59

13.3 H (spamming) ............................................................59
.........................................................................................................60

 1.

.



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(point to point):
.
2 ,
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. Wide

13

Area Networks, ,
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(point to multipoint):
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14



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1 5,
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15

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0, , 1.
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1 Gbps,
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.
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3.2

(radio waves)
.
3 KHz 300 z,
1 m 100 Km.
, ,

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,

16

 ,
( VHF, (Very High Frequency)).

(micro waves)
1 30 cm,
. ,
300 MHz 30 GHz,
,
2 8 GHz.
,
, ,
,
. ,

.
,
,

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(satellite communication)
(satellites)
, ,
.
36.000
Km.
,

. ,
36.000 Km, .
,
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(transponder), 20
, ,
.
, ( 500
msec) .

3.3

, (sources),
.


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bandwidth) .

17

 ,
(capacity) .
,
.
, ,
.

, :
1.

(narrowband):
45 600 bps.

, .

2.

(baseband):
1200 33600 bps.

.

3.

(broadband):
48000 bps 1.5 Mbps.
,
,
,
.

4.
4.1 /
,
(hardware) (
, ),
(software) ,
(Network Operating System, NOS)
(communication protocols)

.
(hosts)
.
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,
.

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(wireless), ,

.
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.

,
.

18

 .
,
(electronic mail).

4.2 /

.
, ,
, .
,
:
:
,
, (wire networks),

(twisted pairs), (coaxial cables)
(fiber optics), (wireless networks),
, .
:
, :
(point to point
connection),
(point to multipoint).

,

, ,
,
.
:
,
: (Local Area Networks, LANs)
0 100 Km, 1 Mbps 1 Gbps,
(Metropolitan Area Networks, MANs) 100 200 Km
100 Mbps, (Wide
Area Networks, WANs), 200 Km,
1 Gbps.
:
, ,
(bus), (ring), (start),
(tree), (mesh),
(mixed).

19

: .
-

20

:
. .

:
- .

:
RS-232C SDLC (Synchronous
Data Link Control)
,
,
(circuit switching), (packet switching),
(Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM).

21

4.3 /

,
,
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,
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5.1
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(transparent),
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23

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(message switching)
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(store and forward).
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(message switching)
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1 KByte. ,
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(store and
forward),
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(datagram switching)

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5.1.4

24

 (virtual circuits)

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6.1 (PSTN)
6.1.1
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25

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(SN).

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.
ISP's

,
ISPs .
S
.
.

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.
S
- .
.

.

6.1.2 PSTN
(PSTN)
.25. To X.25 ITU-T standard
PSWAN
, , ISDN .
OSI Network Access Layer TCP/IP
,
. PSTN
. 25, .
80 90.
X. 25
.

.
25
,
bits. .
25
,
. . 25
(DTE ) . 25 (DCE
). . 25
, . 25
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.
ISO .25, ISO 8208, .25,

26

 X. 25 DTEs
.
. 25
,

. DTEs
, point to point .

. . 25
OSI, 2 . 25 2 ,
3 3 . 2
(
)
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,
2 . 25. 2
.
3
2
. . 25
3 ,
OSI 7 .

6.1.3
PSTN
, .
modem PSTN,

. modems
,

.
,

.
.

, Web
Browsers,
( , ,
).

dialup. dialup
. ,
, modem

Internet (ISP), modem to modem ,
.
dialup .
, dialup

27

. dialup

.
dialup

.
.
dialup (
, ) handshaking
.
, .
, .
dialup ,
, .
,

. dialup
.
(digitalization) ,
.
:

6.2

.
. PSTN ,

. ,
, internet.

28


,
.
,
.

Internet .
, ,
,
,
dialup ( ).


(dedicated) , ,
, .
,

.

, ,
,

. ,
:

dialup ,

.

dialup.

, TDM (Time
Division Multiplexing), ,
(data).
,
, ,
WAN,
(..
).
dialup,
(ISP) ,
(
).

Internet , ,
. bandwidth

, .

.

29


,
:

, .

,
.

, .

7.
ISDN
To ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network )

.
.
ISDN
(1999).
, 2000-2001
.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
PSTN ,
, ,
, .
.
ISDN ,
(end to end). :

7.1 ISDN
. O ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network,
:

Integrated Services ISDN

minimum ,
, , , .
,
. ISDN


.

30

H Digital ,
(POTS).
modem Internet
modem
modem
.
ISDN . ISDN
, .

, .

Network ISDN
point-to-point . ISDN

.

ISDN
. :
, , .

8- ATM
8.1 ATM
ATM cell relay

(53 bytes, 48 bytes 5
) ().

1.
,
( frames
2). ,

.
Virtual Channel ( )
, Virtual
Channel Identifier (VCI).
.
. 25.
Virtual Path ( )
,
Virtual Path Identifier (VPI). VP, VCI,
.
.
.
, /
.


WAN . ADSL
.
,

31


.

MPLS, 2.
,
DSL,
DSL. ,
DSL IP ( IP Voice over IP) PPP over
ATM Ethernet Over ATM (RFC 1483). gigabit
Ethernet
.


(sharedmedia)
, " " (virtual
networking) -
.
ATM, ATM interfaces
(.. )

.
(
)

. ATM LAN
WAN interfaces (4, 8, 16 ..)
(ATM Forum, ETSI, TIS1.5 ITUT).

8.2

.
47 , 24 .
2 :
,
.
622 Mbps
155 Mbps (
).
, (311 (Ericsson) 140 (Siemens))
(301 (Ericsson) 170 (Siemens)).
Cell Relay 2, 34 155 Mbps
( ) Frame Relay 64 Kbps - 2 Mbps ().
ATM/Frame Relay :

(CIR).

'
(Overhead).

32

Circuit Emulation: Nx64 Kbps

(. ).

9 .
9.1 HUBS-
Hub ()

.
.
""


.


,

.

9.1.1
hubs 10baseT,
, patch-cords RJ45 (
UTP ), patch-panels
hubs
. 4 ( ) 24,

hubs , .

,
1U ( rack 19).
hubs
.

9.1.2 T
hubs :

, ,

, ,
.

33

9.1.3 hub

. hubs
.

. ,
hub
. , ,
.
,
""
.
, ,
ICS .
,
.

9.2 ROUTERS
9.2.1
routers
, . routers

.
,

. firewalls
.
.
routers ,
, .
, Internet, VoIP
. manageable. , adsl ,
USB modem/router, ,
.

34

: router

router ,
(WLAN) (LAN),
Wireless Router, (LAN)
(WAN), Internet xDSL, xDSL
Router. router
. IP ,
.

9.2.2 routers
O Routers :

, ,

,
.

9.2.3 router
:

( ),
,

( ).

,
.

IP. ( )

35

 .
,
.

9.2.4 routers
H routers
Internet
.
Internet .
IP -
.
IP ,
,
. ,
. , router
.
router
. ,
. ,
router, ... router
.
routers . routers

.
router
. ,
.

: Router

, . , routers


.

9.2.5 router
/DSL (Wireless Cable/DSL Router)
,
, . router,
(AP), Ethernet Switch

36

 xDSL router. , xDSL

, Wi-Fi

9.3 SWITCHES
9.3.1
switches hubs,
. M
o IP
. ,
.
.
.
ICS,
"". U.S. Robotics 10/100 Ethernet
Switch ,
,
.
,
IP. .
, .
*****: switches IP address!!!******
Switch

9.3.2 switches
switches :
1. unamanageable, switches,

2. manageable,
, ,
...

9.3.3
switches
.
,

37

 ,
.

, hubs,
. hubs
,
,
.

9.3.4 3rd Layer switches

3rd Layer switches switches,
M.A.C. IP addresses.
routers, . manageable.

3rd Layer switches :

hardware - SIC (Application Specific IC)

(IP only)

9.4 REPEATERS
9.4.1
Bits
Repeater.

(converters) (,
). (layer) OSI.

. ,
, .
repeater .

38

: Multiple Repeaters

9.4.2 Repeaters
repeaters :

repeater, , ,
.
, ,
.. , repeater
, ,
, , .

repeaters, , ,
LAN. ,
bus-based Ethernet 50 ohm
2.8 km,
repeaters.

repeater , , . repeater

. repeater, -
repeater , local area network,
.

39

9.4.3
repeaters .
(
standards client
100m, repeaters
).
3 repeaters ( 500m ).
repeater
OSI. repeater
. , repeaters
Ethernet Token-Ring
, Ethernet Token Ring .

9.5 GATEWAYS
9.5.1
gateway 7
OSI . gateways

.
gateway
.
,

.

9.5.2 gateways
gateways bridges routers

.
gateways .
,
gateway. gateways

, .
gateway
. gateway
,
. gateways
.
.

40

9.5.3 gateways
gateways ,
routers bridges, throughput,

bridges. , gateways
,
.
,
gateways. gateways
.
,
, , .
congestion control.
gateways .

9.6
9.6.1

,
( , )
Internet.
.

9.6.2
Internet
. : Cisco ConfigMaker, ,

. subnet calculators, router
emulators ,
.

9.6.3
:

41

access (
).

30-50% IP ,
troubleshooting, .

!

.

, , .

Documentation
.
, ,
switch. switch
PC . static IPs
IP. ,
, troubleshooting !

10 - Digital
Subscriber Line / DSL
10.1 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

modems,

,

modem ,

downloading uploading ( 52,8 Mbps

-downstream- 2,3 Mbps
upstream)

DSL xDSL
:

ADSLsymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

HDSL High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line

SDSLSingle-line Digital Subscriber Line

VDSLVery-high-data-rate Digital Subscriber Line

10.2 ADSL

42


(
).
(, , )
.

( 8 Mbps downstream)
(640 kbps upstream)

'

ADSL

1,5 Mbps 5,5 km

2,0 Mbps 4,9 km

6,3 Mbps 3,6 km

8,4 Mbps 2,7 km

10.2.1 ADSL
ADSL

( )
(
8 Mbps)

10.2.2 ADSL
ADSL
&T Bell Stanford.

(
).


ADSL. :

ADSL

ADSL

10.3 H- DSL

43

 HDSLHigh-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line ADSL

:

( 2 Mbps)

3,5
km

ADSL 2
(2 )

10.4 S- DSL
SDSLSingle-line Digital Subscriber Line
HDSL ( 2 Mbps).
. ,
3 km

10.5 V- DSL
To VDSLVery-high-data-rate Digital Subscriber Line
:

52 Mbps,

, VDSL 1,5 km
13 52 Mbps
1,5 2,3 Mbps

11
Interconnection / OSI

Open

Systems

(Open System
Interconnection Reference Model),
(International Standards Organization, ISO), ,

.

,
,
.
OSI (layers)
,
. ,
,
.
OSI ,
:

(physical layer) :

44

(data link layer) :

, .

(network layer) :
.

(transport layer) :
.

(session layer) :
.

(presentation layer) :
.

(application layer) :

.

11.1 OSI
OSI
:
1.

(physical layer) :
,

.
,
, bit,
(, , ),
,

.

2.

(data link layer) :

,
.
,
,
,
(flow control)
(acknowledgment frames)
.
, ,
(Medium Access Control, MAC),

, (Logical Link Control,
LCC), .

3.

(network layer) :
,

,
.
(congestion)

,

45

(charge)
(private).
4.

(transport layer) :

, ( ) ,
, ,
. ,
,
, ,
.

5.

(session layer) :
.
,

, ,
, (token)

,
.

6.

(presentation layer) :


.

( UNICODE ASCII),


, .
,
, (compression)
(cryptography).

7.

(application layer) :

,
.
, ,
.
,

,
,
.

11.2 OSI

OSI,

, ,
, ,
, .
,
,

46

(header) (trailer)

.
, ,
,
.
,

. ,

, .

12. Internet
/ WWW
12.1 Internet

Internet .

. Internet, TCP
(Transmission Control Protocol) .

Internet online .
,

.
hardware
. hardware

Internet. hubs,
bridges, gateways, repeaters routers ( ) .

, Ethernet .

. (Wide Area Network, WAN)
. WAN
.
LAN
,
router ( routers) .
,
NAP (Network Access Point)

. Internet
vBNS (very highspeed Backbone Network
Services)
155 megabits (Mbps).
backbones,
9,6 bits
.

12.2 TCP/

47

IP
,
. ,

.
. DECnet,
,
Digital Equipment Corporation. Novell,
, standard
. ,

,
.
Internet TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). IP
TCP
. 1974 Robert
Kahn, ARPAnet,
Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI), Vinton
G.Cerf, Internet Society
MCI. ,

Internet. , Internet,
TCP/IP. Internet
, .


.
TCP/IP.
Internet
TCP/IP
. TCP/IP
. ,
Internet ,
standard .
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). OSI International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
, . ,
, Internet gateways.
BITnet,
standard. Unix-to- Unix Copy Program (UUCP)
dial-up .
Internet.
, TCP/IP
BITnet,
Internet, USEnet newsgroups
TCP/IP. ,
.

12.2.1 TCP / IP

Internet:

48

 ,


.

Internet . T Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP). TCP/IP.
TCP , IP
.
Internet packet-switched .
, . ,
, ,

. , circuit-switched .
, (
, )
.
Internet,

TCP/IP. socket () TCP/IP
stack. PCs software Winsock.
Winsock PC.
Macintosh, MacTCP.
Internet .

Internet Winsock MacTCP,
TCP/IP stacks.
(LAN)
. driver
( ),
. LAN
Internet modem.
TCP/IP stack
TCP/IP.
driver. ,
: SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) PPP (Point-toPoint Protocol).
SLIP PPP
Internet modem. , PPP
SLIP.
Internet TCP/IP
stacks, SLIP PPP.
Internet World Wide Web.

,
TCP/IP stack. SLIP PPP
ISP
Web.

12.3 domains Internet

49

 e-mail
.
Internet .
Internet
.
; ,
Internet ;
Internet Protocol (IP) Internet

. ,
IP (IP address)
.
IP Internet
32-bit , , 4
8 bits, (dots),
163.52.128.72. ,
,
. IP .


.
IP .
. Internet
.
Internet.
.
Internet 3 (classes)
, . .
, 4 IP
. . ,
.
Internet .
Sun Microsystems 80 Domain Name
System (DNS), .
Sun
Internet. To DNS domains,
Internet. DNS Internet
domain name,
.
domains ,
domains .
SPACElink NASA: spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov. domain .gov
.
Sun Microsystems 80 Domain Name
System (DNS), .
Sun
Internet. To DNS domains,
Internet. DNS Internet
domain name,
.

50

 domains ,
domains .
SPACElink NASA: spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov. domain .gov
.
.Web Web.
domains
.gr .
, 2 .

38: 2

12.4 World Wide Web

Internet (World Wide
Web). WWW
. Web ,
Internet. Web
,
Internet. surfing Internet,
World Wide Web.
, World Wide Web
. Web ,

51

 Web
, , , animation multimedia .
Web sites
. ,
site .
...
. , ,
.

12.4.1 client/ server

Web client/server.
Web client browser Internet Explorer
Netscape Navigator. client Web server
. Web server
Web browser, . Web browsers
servers
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language).
browser ,
multimedia .
Internet.
, .
, , animations
Java ActiveX
scripting JavaScript.

12.4.2 hypertext
WWW hypertext. hypertext;
. hypertext ,
(
) .
, , .
links ,
, .
WWW, hypertext -.
, hypertext hyperlink

. Web
browser HTML .
,
browser Web

,
. Web host server
.
(
), button (
) (, ,
) .. hypertext links Web
HTML.
hypertext ()

52

 , , multimedia
Internet. .

12.4.3
Web hosts World Wide Web

. host IP (Internet Protocol)
URL (Uniform
Resource Locator). URL
.

URL Web host
, Web site host, Web
. URL browser
host
Internet. URL

. hypertext
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). URL
host
browser.
domain name. URL directory host
Web site Web sites.
URL
Web site.
. URL
. filename
index.html .
InterNIC (Internet Network Information Center)
IP .
ICANN.

12.4.4 HTML- Hyper Text Markup Language

markup Web .
browser
Web,
.
( tags markups)
Web . tags
browser
. tags
browser URL
. Web

browser markup.
markup
C++ Pascal. , markup
,
spreadsheets.
Web HTML.
HTML
Dynamic HTML DHTML. HTML

53


.
imagemaps
(interactive forms)
HTML.
imagemaps
.
HTML
, ,
. imagemaps
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
Web server . imagemaps
hyperlinks. ,
,

HTML . imagemaps
.
, CGI script
imagemap .map.
CGI
URL. x y
server.
server CGI ,
URL
server.
, Web server Web browser.
URL browser,
server .

CGI.
Web , server . ,
server CGI
submit ( CGI scripts server
HTTP client. , CGI
, ,
HTML
. ,
Web sites host server.
host
Web site Internet.
host Unix, Windows NT
MacOS TCP/IP. server
host
browser.
server (servers
)
clients. , client browser
HTML server. server
.

HTML.

54

12.4.5 HTTP URL- FTP

12.4.5.1 URL
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
, ,

URL= [protocol]: //

[login]:[password]@[host]:

[port]/[ abs_path]

. ftp://test:testpass@ftp.test.com/incoming
http://gigas.ceid.upatras.gr/activities/index.html

: URL

12.4.5.2 HTTP
(HyperText Transfer Protocol)
WWW

()
web servers
web clients (browsers)

.., URL browser,

HTTP web server
(HTML )

HTTP (stateless):
(.. )
(/). (scalability)
clients .

12.4.6.3 FTP
Internet File Transfer
Internet
.
. application
layer Internet protocol suite.
FTP 8 bit client/server.
,
, MIME Uuencode.
: , , .

55

 Internet.
FTP (File
Transfer Protocol). FTP
Internet.
, FTP latency. ,
,
,
login .
FTP ports, 20 21. port 20 (data
stream) client server. port 21
(control stream) port ftp server.
data stream, control stream
.
firewalls, sessions
. , session
firewall,
.
FTP, Internet, client/server
. FTP client
FTP server Internet. FTP server
, FTP daemon,
. FTP site
, username
password. To FTP daemon
FTP site. sites
,
password.
, username
password. sites
anonymous FTP sites. ,
FTP sites ,
, password.
FTP . FTP site
directories, directory
.
client
FTP server .
World Wide Web .
Web browser links
. FTP
. FTP
Web Internet.
HTTP
Web FTP
.
Internet .

modem.
FTP server .
10 50%.

56


.
FTP :

/ ).

hosts.

passwords
, , .

FTP active
mode client firewall, client
port .
FTP passive mode.

server port
.

FTP,
, FTP client .

13. / EMAIL
13.1 (email)
(electronic mail) e-mail
Internet.

Internet.
e-mail . e-mail


.


Internet. TCP ,
IP , , TCP
.

, , , .
Internet
,
. MIME uuencode.
(
attachment)
.

57


. e-mail Internet,
.
format
. gateways
formats
,
Internet.

13.2 e- mail (Mailing Lists)

H mailing list e-mail
.
mailing list,
. ,
.
mailing list

. mailing lists .
moderated mailing list

.
unmoderated mailing list e-mails
. ,
mailing list,
. list server listserv
e-mail .
.
.
. Internet directories
. sites
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(LDAP)
- Web site.
, Internet
.

13.3 H (spamming)
Internet
Spam. Spam
e-mails ,
.
site .
e-mail ,
Web site
.
Spam Monty Python
menu Spam.
USEnet
newsgroups. Spam
,
. Spam Internet

58

 ,
. Internet
.
e-mails
,
.
, Spammers

.
,
. Webmasters
Spam
domain name. Spammers
servers
e-mails ,
Spam. Spam junk
() . Spammers
,
. , Spammer
.

. Spammers

Spam mail server Internet,
. ,
e-mail
Spam.

Spam.
Spam,
software Spammers.
Spammers
.
Spam.
Internet
email
Spam.

59

,. Andrew S. Tanembaum, ,

& ,
- & - :
, , ,
,

,
, 12/10/2006

id=28&chapterid=264

http://www.neural.uom.gr/networks.htm

http://ru6.cti.gr/bouras/lessons.php?id=1&action=general# ,
,

Internet, :
, : &

, 5, : .

, :
, :

, : ,
: , ,

, ,

x DSL, ,

/ ,

PSTN, I SDN

http://geminga.nuigalway.ie/~p_bigioi/ct303/CT303_PhysicalLayer.ppt__

http://bdaloukas.gr/moodle/mod/book/view.php?

60