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1. ............................................................................................................................... 2
1.1. .............................................................. 2
1.2. ............................................................................................................ 3
2. ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 ...................................................................................................... 8
2.2 ................................................................................................................ 9
3. ........................................................................................................ 10
4. .................................................................................................................... 11
5. ....................................................................................................................... 15

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1.
1.1.

, , , PH
5.6 (, 2000). PH
(, et al., 2004).

,
, .

PH 5.6.
(, 2000). (CO2)
, SO2,
NO2, NOx, HCl.
,
70%, 30% 10% .

1: . : ( & , 2009)

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.
.
SO2, NOx
10%
5% .
,
(, et al., 2004).


. ,


.
: ,
, , (European
Environmental Agency, 2013)


,

(, 2000) (, et al., 2004).

, PH
.

1.2.

Eurostat. ,
: , , ,
,

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,
,
.
,
,
. 2

3 .
.
Eurostat
2011. .
.
:

,
,

.

.
,
.
,

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2: 2001-2011 . :
(Eurostat, 2014)

3: 2001-2011 . :
(Eurostat, 2014)

, , SOx x
, (1 )
( 1,
2).
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1 : (Eurostat, 2014)

2 : (Eurostat, 2014)

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,
.
.
1998 1999
PH
7.0-7.5 PH
SO2-4, SO-3 Cl- .
(PH 5.5)
(CO2). ,
(Ca) Ca/Mg ,
,
.

(Kita, et al., 2004).

2.

,
, , , .,
, ( & ,
2009).
,
S .
(Critical Acid Load, CAL)
, ,
.
CAL ,
(Steven G. & Johnny, 2010).

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2.1

.
PH, PH 6
8 (, et al., 2004).
,

( ).

( & ,
2009).

PH
. PH 6.8,
, 5.8, .


, .
PH
.
PH 5.4, (Botkin &
Keller, 1987). PH 5.5
, 5.2
, 5 , 5
4
(, 2000)
(, et al., 2004).
,
, .
,
.
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. , PH ,
. PH
( & , 2009).


(,
et al., 2004).
25%
.. 2010 (European Commision,
2013).

2.2
-
.
.
.
,
.

.

(, 2000) (, et al., 2004).
, 1991 22%
( )
, 30%
. , ,
. ,
... ( & , 2009).
, 9%
.. 2010 (European
Commision, 2013).
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4. . Jizera, .
: (Wikimedia Commons, 2006)

,
(10) (, et al., 2004).

, .

3.
,
,
,
, ,
.
(..
, )
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, (S),
.

,
( SO2)

( O2)

, , Ca(OH)2,
,
( & , 2009) (, 2008).
(liming process)
.
. , ,
,
. ,

. , ,
.
.
, ,
,
. ,
(global-climatechange.org.uk, n.d.).

4.
,
,

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. ,
.

. 1990
1984-85 ,
( 3) (Tilling, et al., 1990).

, ,

.


. ,
80
( ).

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3: 1984-85

( ). : (Tilling, et al., 1990)

. .

(
/ )

(%)

3690
3150
3500
100
330

20
22
34
92
58

2750
408
3250
370
2633
612
140
294
4000
4010

45
50
56
70
18
53
32
76
30
55

2010 (, et al.,
2004). Eurostat
( 1990 2011)
SOx x ( 5 6) (
).

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5. SOx 28
(1990-2011). : (Eurostat, 2014)

6. NOx 28
(1990-2011). : (Eurostat, 2014)

14 16
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5.
Botkin, D. & Keller, E., 1987. Environmental Studies. Earth as a Living Planet. Colombus:
Merril Publishing Company.
European Commision, 2013. Commission Staff Working Document Accompanying the
Communication on a revised EU Strategy on Air Pollution Proposal for a revision of Directive
2001/81/EC on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants. Proposal for a
legislative instru, Brussels: European Commision.
European Environmental Agency, 2013. Environmental Indicator Repport, Luxemburg:
Publications Office of the European Union.
Eurostat, 2014. Greenhouse Gases/Air Pollution. [Online]
Available at:
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/environment/data/main_tables
[Accessed 4 1 2014].
global-climate-change.org.uk, n.d. www.global-climate-change.org.uk. []
Available at: http://www.air-quality.org.uk/13.php
[ 8 1 2014].
Kita, I., Sato, T., Kase, Y. & Mitropoulos, P., 2004. Neutral rains at Athens, Greece: a natural
safeguard against acidification of rains. Science of the Total Environment, Issue 327, pp. 285294.
Steven G., M. & Johnny, B. L., 2010. A conceptual framework: Redefining forest soils critical
acid loads under a changing climate. Environmental Pollution, 158(6), p. 20532058.
Tilling, S., Nisbet, A. & Chell, K., 1990. Acid Rain. s.l.:Field Studies Council.
Wikimedia Commons, 2006. Acid rain woods1.JPG. [Online]
Available at: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acid_rain_woods1.JPG
[Accessed 8 1 2014].
, . ., 2004. .
50/4 . : .
, ., 2000. , . ' . :
Gutenberg.

15 16
50/_2/.

, ., 2008. chemnet.wordpress.com. []
Available at: chemnet.wordpress.com/tag/--/
[ 9 1 2014].
, . & , ., 2009.
. Chania: TEI of Crete.

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