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Introduction to ANSYS
MechanicaI
Customer Training Material
Lecture 6
Vibration AnaIysis
Introduction to ANSYS MechanicaI
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Chapter Overview
W In this chapter, performing free vibration as weII as pre-stressed
vibration anaIyses in MechanicaI wiII be covered. In MechanicaI,
performing a free vibration anaIysis is simiIar to a Iinear static
anaIysis.
It is assumed that the user has aIready covered Chapter 4 Linear Static
Structural Analysis prior to this section.
W The foIIowing wiII be covered:
Free Vibration AnaIysis Procedure
Free Vibration with Pre-Stress AnaIysis Procedure
W The capabiIities described in this section are generaIIy appIicabIe to
ANSYS DesignSpace Entra Iicenses and above.
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Basics of Free Vibration AnaIysis
W For a free vibration anaIysis, the naturaI circuIar frequencies
i
and
mode shapes o
i
are caIcuIated from:
W Assumptions:
[K] and [M] are constant:
W Linear eIastic materiaI behavior is assumed
W SmaII defIection theory is used, and no nonIinearities incIuded
W [C] is not present, so damping is not incIuded
W {F} is not present, so no excitation of the structure is assumed
W The structure can be constrained or unconstrained
Mode shapes {o} are relative vaIues, not absoIute
. J . J ),

=

o
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A. Free Vibration AnaIysis Procedure
W The free vibration anaIysis procedure is very simiIar to performing a
Iinear static anaIysis, so not aII steps wiII be covered in detaiI. The
steps in bIue itaIics are specific to free vibration anaIyses.
Attach Geometry
Assign MateriaI Properties
Define Contact Regions (if appIicabIe)
Define Mesh ControIs (optionaI)
Define Analysis Type
IncIude Supports (if appIicabIe)
#equest Modal #esults
Set Modal Options
SoIve the ModeI
Review ResuIts
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Geometry and Point Mass
W ModaI anaIysis supports any type of geometry:
SoIid bodies, surface bodies and Iine bodies
W The Point Mass feature can be used:
W The Point Mass adds mass onIy (no stiffness) in a free vibration anaIysis.
W Point Masses wiII decrease the naturaI frequency in free vibration anaIyses.
W MateriaI properties: Young's Modulus, Poisson's #atio, and Density
are required.
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Contact Regions
W Contact regions are avaiIabIe in free vibration anaIyses. However,
contact behavior wiII differ for the nonlinear contact types:
W Contact free vibration anaIyses:
#ough and frictionless:
W wiII internaIIy behave as -onded or no separation
W If a gap is present, the nonIinear contact behaviors wiII be free (i.e., as if no
contact is present).
onded and no separation contact status wiII depend on the pinbaII
region size.
nitially Touching nside Pinball Region Outside Pinball Region
Bonded Bonded Bonded Bonded Free
No Separation No Separation No Separation No Separation Free
Rough Rough Bonded Free Free
Frictionless Frictionless No Separation Free Free
Contact Type Static AnaIysis
ModaI AnaIysis
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AnaIysis Type
W SeIect "ModaI" from the Workbench tooIbox to specify a modaI
anaIysis system.
W Within MechanicaI AnaIysis Settings:
Specify the number of modes to find: 1 to 200 (defauIt is 6).
Specify the frequency search range (defauIts from 0Hz to 1e+08Hz).
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Loads and Supports
W StructuraI and thermaI Ioads are not avaiIabIe in free vibration.
W Supports:
If no or partiaI supports are present, rigid-body modes can be
detected and evaIuated (modes wiII be at or near 0 Hz).
The boundary conditions affect the mode shapes and frequencies of
the part. CarefuIIy consider how the modeI is constrained.
The compression only support is a nonIinear support and shouId
not be used in the anaIysis.
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Requesting ResuIts
W SoIve the modeI (no resuIts need to be requested).
W When compIete, the soIution branch wiII dispIay a bar chart and tabIe
Iisting frequencies and mode numbers.
W Request specific mode shapes to be dispIayed by RMB (can seIect aII
frequencies if desired).
W This wiII insert the "TotaI Deformation" resuIts for the requested mode
shapes.
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Reviewing ResuIts
W Mode shapes:
Because there is no excitation appIied to the structure, the mode shapes are
relative vaIues associated with free vibration.
The frequency is Iisted in the DetaiIs view of the resuIt being viewed.
The animation tooIbar from the timeIine tab beIow the graphics window can be
used to heIp visuaIize the mode shapes.
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W Workshop 6.1 - Free Vibration AnaIysis
W GoaI:
Investigate the vibration characteristics of motor cover design shown
here manufactured from 18 gauge steeI.
B. Workshop 6.1 - Free Vibration
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C. Free Vibration with Pre-Stress
W In some cases, one may want to consider prestress effects when
performing a free vibration anaIysis.
The stress state of a structure under constant (static) Ioads may affect
its naturaI frequencies such as a guitar string being tuned.
. J, ,
4
=
A Iinear static anaIysis
is performed
. J . J $
4
F 9
A stress stiffness matrix is
caIcuIated from the
structuraI anaIysis
. J . J ),

= +

$ o
The originaI free vibration equation is
modified to incIude the [S] term
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Procedure w/ Pre-Stress Effects
W Setup a pre-stressed modaI anaIysis by Iinking a static structuraI
system to a modaI system (at the soIution IeveI) in the project
schematic.
W Notice in the modaI branch, the structuraI
anaIysis resuIt becomes an initiaI condition.
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ExampIe w/ Pre-Stress Effects
W Consider a simpIe comparison of a thin pIate fixed at one end
Two anaIyses wiII be run - free vibration and free vibration with pre-
stress effects - to compare the differences between the two.
Free Vibration
Free Vibration with Pre-Stress
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ExampIe w/ Pre-Stress Effects
W In this exampIe, with the appIied force, a tensiIe stress state is
produced which increases the naturaI frequencies.
Free Vibration
1
st
mode frequency: 83.587 Hz
Free Vibration with Pre-Stress
1
st
mode frequency: 99.679 Hz
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D. Workshop 6.2 - Prestressed ModaI
W Workshop 6.2 - Prestressed ModaI AnaIysis
W GoaI: simuIate the modaI response of the tension Iink (shown beIow)
in both a stressed and unstressed state.