PUNJAB COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY
TRAINING REPORT
OF
SIX MONTHS PRACTICAL TRAINING UNDERTAKEN,
AT
HORIBA INDIAN PVT. LTD.
on
Proj!" A##$%n&
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENTOF THE DEGREE
O'
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
M!()n$!)* En%$nr$n%
S+,-$""& To ./ S+,-$""& ,0 .
Er. BEANT SINGH1H.O.D2 A#($#( R)nj)n
D3)r"-n" M!()n$!)* En%$nr$n% Ro** no.455674474898
1
2
ACKNO:LEDGMENT
It would be my sacred duty to first express my deep gratitude to Er. Ranjit
Kumar who was not my internal training guide but also incharge of ME eptt. I am
than!ful for their !ind co"operation in gi#en shape to this training.
I express my humble than!s to respected Mr. i#esh $ha for spacing e#ery
moment out of his busy schedule for me% who has not only guided me properly but
also ga#e me an encouraging help to ma!e this training successful one. &ithout his
able guidance% I would not ha#e been able to complete this training report.
'
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project wor! entitled ()*+, is an authentic record of my
own wor! carried out at (HORIBA INDIA, as re-uirements of Industry Internship
project for the award of degree of ../ech" 0ME1% P+nj), Co**% O' En%%. &
T!(no*o%0% under the guidance of Er. Ranjit Kumar and Mr. i#esh $ha during
$anuary to $une% 2213.
04ignature of student1
5ame6 7shutosh Kumar 4ingh
Roll no. " 1228'11'129'
ate6 :::::::::::::::::::
+ertified that the abo#e statement made by the student is correct to the best of our
!nowledge and belief.
Mr.i#esh $ha Er. Ranjit Kumar
F)!+*"0 Coor&$n)"or In&+#"r0 Coor&.
3
ABSTRACT
/his report is aimed at explaining !ey areas of my training under the S"+&n"
In&+#"r$)* :or; E<3r$n! S!(- underta!en at /he Hor$,) In&$) P=". L"&. It
gi#es a brief introduction about HORIBA% an indigenous design company rele#ant in
the oil ; gas industry. It also gi#es a good representation of the organi<ational
structure and the interconnecti#ity of the #arious Engineering and 4er#ices
epartments.
Effort was made to explain the role of the M!()n$!)* En%$nr$n% D3)r"-n",
bearing in mind the #arious electrical facilities and rele#ant softwares. 7de-uate
co#erage has been gi#en to the operations and maintenance training I recei#ed% as
well as the specific type of wor! I was engaged in.
8
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+>5/E5/4 )7@E
/itle )age.......................................................................................................................i
+ertificationAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA.. ii
7c!nowledgement.......................................................................................................iii
eclarationAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAi#
7bstract.........................................................................................................................#
/able of +ontents...................................................................................................#i"#ii
=ist of ?igures............................................................................................................#iii
+B7)/ER4
1.2 I5/R>*+/I>5...............................................................................................1
1.1 /BE 4I&E4...............................................................................................1
1.2 7IMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...AAAAAAAAAA2
2.2 4I&E4 &>RK)=7+E 0+ompany )rofile1........................................................'
2.1 B>RI.7Cs BI4/>RD...............................................................................'
2.2 B>RI.7Cs 4EREI+E4..............................................................................3
2.' B>RI.7Cs >R@75IF7/I>57= 4/R*+/*RE.....................................8
2.'.1 B>RI.7Cs epartments................................................................8
2.3 B>RI.7Cs EG)ERIE5+E........................................................................H
'.2 )R>$E+/ EGE+*/I>5 I5 B>RI.7.............................................................12
'.1 )R>$E+/ I5I/I7=IF7/I>5.................................................................12
'.2 /BE E5@I5EERI5@ E)7R/ME5/..................................................12
'.2.1 ?unctions of the iscipline @roups.............................................1'
3.2 /BE E=E+/RI+7= @R>*)............................................................................1I
3.1 I5/R>*+/I>5....................................................................................1I
3.2 R>=E4 >? /BE E=E+/RI+7= @R>*).............................................1I
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8.2 4KI==4 ; )R7+/I+E4 7+J*IRE 74 75 I5*4/RI7= /R7I5EE.....1H
8.2.1 4KI==4 7+J*IRE...........................................................................'8
I.2 +>5+=*4I>5 ...................................................................................................'I
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9
=I4/ >? ?I@*RE4 75 /7.=E4
FIGURE TITLE P)%
?igure 1 B>RI.7Cs >rgani<ational +hart.....................................................9
?igure 2 >rgani<ational 4tructure of the Engineering epartment...............12
?igure ' 7uto+7 drawing of 4ingle line diagram.....................................21
?igure 3 +halmlite =ighting calculation result..............................................'2
/able 1 =oad list for an >ffshore platform.............................................1H"1K
/able 2 .us 4ummary..................................................................................2'
/able ' /arget grid summaries...............................................................'1"'3

H
+B7)/ER >5E
4.5 INTRODUCTION
4.4 THE SI:ES
/he Engineering discipline is practical in nature and mainly hinged on experience.
Bence there is great need for any student aspiring to be a professional engineer to
ha#e some form of wor! experience while studying at school% in a reputable
engineering firm related to hisLher course of study.
4tudents Industrial &or! Experience 4cheme 04I&E41 is in accordance with the
federal go#ernment policy of technical education to enable students to be exposed to
the wor!ing experience in industries and to enable them to be useful to their
employers practically and not theoretically alone.
/he 4tudentsC Industrial &or! Experience 4cheme 04I&E41 gi#es students the
opportunity to gain some rele#ant experience before lea#ing the campus. /he
experience gotten by the students during the 4I&E4 program would enable them
-uic!ly fit into the industry upon graduation.
I had my wor! experience at the 5ational Engineering and /echnical +ompany
=imited 0B>RI.71% a subsidiary of 55)+% and an indigenous engineering firm. 7t
B>RI.7% I learnt the fundamentals of electrical engineeringM computer aided
electrical design% 7uto+7% and other rele#ant softwares such as )lant design
management system 0a ' drafting software1% +halmlite 0a lighting design software1.
My day to day acti#ities at B>RI.7 were recorded in the log boo!.
K
4.8 AIM
/he 4tudentsC Industrial &or! Experience 4cheme 04I&E41 is aimed at gi#ing
students the opportunity to ha#e wor! experience and practically apply the theoretical
concepts learnt in the *ni#ersity. It is also aimed at widening the mental and creati#e
hori<on of the students.
12
+B7)/ER /&>
8.5 SI:ES :ORKPLACE 1HORIBA># Pro'$*2
8.4 HORIBA># HISTORY
/he B>RI.7 @roup of worldwide companies pro#ides an extensi#e array of
instruments and systems for applications ranging from automoti#e R;% process and
en#ironmental monitoring% in"#itro medical diagnostics% semiconductor manufacturing
and metrology% to a broad range of scientific R; and J+ measurements. )ro#en
-uality and trustworthy performance ha#e established widespread confidence in the
B>RI.7 .rand.
Inspired by our uni-ue motto% ($>D and ?*5%, we focus on social responsibilities by
building state"of"the"art products for scientific ad#ancementM especially for protecting
health% safety% and the en#ironment. (B>RI.7RI75s%, the B>RI.7 employees all
o#er the world% are loo!ing forward to wor!ing with you and pro#iding the best
analytical solution for your needs.
>utlines
/he corporate information and B>RI.7 companies in the world.
Message from the )resident
7tsushi Boriba% +hairman% )resident ; +E>
+orporate )hilosophy
B>RI.7Ns company precept O$oy and ?unO " >riginates from the belief that if we
ta!e interest and pride in the wor! that occupies most of the acti#e time in our li#es%
in the place where we spend the majority of each day% then as a result our satisfaction
with life will increase% and we will be able to enjoy our li#es e#en more.
+orporate +ulture
($oy and ?un, represents our desire to see all employees performing wor! that is
rewarding and allows them to lead happy and fulfilling li#es. (>moi, means an
11
emotional feeling% passion% thoughts% enthusiasm% desire% aspiration% ambition%
commitment% mission% and objecti#e.
/echnical Expertise
&e li#e in a world full of challenges and opportunities in #arying degrees complexity
and significance. /hese must be identified measured% analy<ed and prioriti<ed. /hat is
our business.
Bistory
In 1K38% while still a student at Kyoto *ni#ersity% Masao Boriba% the current 4upreme
+ounsel of B>RI.7% set up the B>RI.7 Radio =aboratory in Karasuma"gojo in
Kyoto in order to continue nuclear physics research interrupted by $apanCs defeat in
the war.
5ational Engineering and /echnical +ompany =imited 0B>RI.71 is 5igeriaCs
premier indigenous engineering company. It is a fully owned subsidiary of the
5igerian 5ational )etroleum +orporation 055)+1% pro#iding efficient and reliable
engineering base for the 55)+ group and the entire oil and gas industry.
It was established in 1KHK as a joint #enture between the 5igerian 5ational )etroleum
+orporation 055)+1% and .echtel Incorporated of *47% a world renowned
engineering company as its technical partner.
*nder the joint #enture agreement% the 55)+ maintained I2P shareholding while
.echtel held 32P. +ommercial business started in 7ugust 1KK2.
Bowe#er% in ecember 1KKI% .echtel exercised its options under the shareholderCs
agreement and formally pulled out of the $oint #enture and subse-uently sold its
e-uity share to the 55)+. B>RI.7 thus became a fully owned subsidiary of the
55)+ from May 1% 1KK9.
B>RI.7Cs moti#ation% dri#e and target are embedded in its #ision and mission
statements thus6
12
A+"o-o"$= T#" S0#"-#
B>RI.7 7utomoti#e /est 4ystems is a leading supplier in the fields of engine test
systems% dri#eline test systems% bra!e test systems% wind tunnel balances and
emissions test systems. More than just the worldNs leading supplier of emissions
testing systems% B>RI.7 7/4 is able to pro#ide total solutions to its customers% with
full turn!ey capability.
5ot only can we pro#ide you the tools to test in your own facility " we can also do the
testing for you as part of our B>RI.7 +ontract /esting 4er#ices. ?rom simple engine
testing to sophisticated dynamic research and de#elopment for engines and dri#elines
" B>RI.7 is your complete testing partner.
*pcoming e#ents
Integer Emissions 4ummit Europe 2213
B>RI.7 7/4 ser#es manufacturers and suppliers in e#ery industry that utili<es
internal combustion and turbine engines% including6
7utomoti#e
Bea#y"uty >nL>ff"Road
=awn and @arden
Marine
7erospace
=ocomoti#e
Recreational and *tility Eehicles
In addition% B>RI.7 7/4 ser#es and cooperates extensi#ely with6
Regulatory agencies
Independent test laboratories
)roducts
7nalytical Emissions 4ystems
>n".oard Emissions 4ystems
1'
)ortable Emissions 4ystems
ilution L 4ampling 4ystems
Engine /est 4ystems
ri#eline /est 4ystems
Eehicle /est 4ystems
.ra!e /est 4ystems
&ind /unnel .alances
7utomation 4ystems
NALYTICAL SYSTEMS
)recise% repeatable% robust% and inno#ati#e% B>RI.7Ns MEG7"series analytical
systems are widely recogni<ed throughout the industry as the de"facto standard for
emissions analysis. /housands of B>RI.7 analytical systems are used in test cells
worldwide by manufacturers% research institutions% independent test laboratories% fuel
producers% and regulatory agencies.
>ur ser#ice departments are ready to pro#ide maintenance% training and product
support ad#ice% therefore enabling us to guarantee that our customers are fully
supported and achie#ing maximum operational usage.
Juality and performance are our goal. 7s legislation on #ehicle emissions grows
more stringent% attention remains focused on next generation engine and after"
treatment platforms. B>RI.7 analy<ers and total systems pro#ide for e#ery need
from R; to emissions certification for engine de#elopment.
13
*sers of our analytical e-uipment include6
Regulatory +ertification 7gencies
Research =aboratories
Eehicle Manufacturers
Engine Manufacturers
)etro"chemical Industry
7fter"treatment Manufacturers
/ier 1 ; 2 +omponent Manufacturers
/he range of B>RI.7 7nalytical Emissions 4ystems includes6
4tandard Emissions 4ystems
)articulate Mass and )articulate 5umber Measurement 4ystems
4pecial )urpose 7nalysers
Eision
To be a world class Engineering Company.
Mission
To provide world class engineering services in the oil and gas industry.
Juality )olicy
To satisfy and strive to exceed customer requirements through continuous
demonstration of quality and active participation of all employees.
&ith the exit of .echtel% potential and regular clients became sceptical with regards to
doing business with B>RI.7. In order to change the situation% B>RI.7 decided to
retool% re"pac!age and re"launch itself. /o attain the retooling was a decision to
pursue and obtain the I4> K221 Juality +ertification. /he re"launch too! place during
the 1
st
Juarter of 1KKH and it was #ery successful. >nce again the clients were
confident in B>RI.7. 4ubse-uently% B>RI.7 executed many major engineering
projects amongst which were6 " /he 4hellCs +awthorne +hannel @as injectionLsupply
)roject in consortium with /echnip @eoproduction of ?rance% detailed Engineering
18
design of the condensate stabili<ation unit of the 5=5@ Expansion )roject. B>RI.7
which had generally been recording operational losses% started to record profits. In
May 2222% .ureau Eeritas Juality International 0.EJI1 successfully audited and
subse-uently awarded B>RI.7 the prestigious I4> K221 Juality +ertificate. /his
achie#ement is the first by any indigenous engineering company in 5igeria.
B>RI.7 is managed by 5igerian engineers who ha#e been trained locally and abroad
on li#e projects and in all engineering disciplines.
It is fully e-uipped to pro#ide its ser#ices in all areas of the >il ; @as industry.
8.8 HORIBA># SERVICES
B>RI.7Cs core ser#ices include the following6
?easibility studies.
+onceptual design.
.asic and etailed Engineering design.
)rocurement.
+onstruction 4uper#ision.
)roject Management.
Juality assurance and -uality control.
In order to create a conduci#e en#ironment% B>RI.7 has established one of the most
e-uipped engineering offices in 5igeria with the latest in Engineering esign%
)rocurement% )roject Management% 7dministrati#e% ?inance and 7ccounting software
pac!ages.
/he library is up"to"date with boo!s on Engineering% 7ccounting% Management% and
all other disciplines rele#ant to its operations. It is also e-uipped with Electronic
Engineering =iterature% rawings and ocumentation. It has Internet connection to a
worldwide web for additional engineering information and communication.
1I
8.7 HORIBA># ORGANI?ATIONAL STRUCTURE
7ll of B>RI.7Cs acti#ities are underta!en by specific departments which can be
di#ided into two major categories namely6
4er#ices6 "
/his comprises of the non"technical departments.
>perations6 "
+omprises of the technical departments.
?igure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of the organisational structure of
B>RI.7.
8.7.4 HORIBA># D3)r"-n"#
/he #arious departments in B>RI.7 and their functions with respect to project
execution are6
Non/T!(n$!)* D3)r"-n"#.
?inance and 7ccounts 6 "
/reasury management% billings% accounting and financial management.
7dministration and )ersonnel 6 "
Barnesses human and material resources and set out ways of utili<ing them in
order to maximi<e profit. @eneral administration and personnel management.
.usiness e#elopment 6 "
4ourcing for business #ia bids or otherwise to ensure company growth.
)ublic 7ffairs 6 "
)rojecting and sustaining a fa#ourable image for the company.
Juality 7ssuranceL +ontrol 6 "
Ensures compliance with company -uality standards.
+ompany secretariatL=egal 4er#ices 6 "
)ro#iding legal insurance and board secretarial ser#ices.
19
1H
MANAGING
DIRECTOR
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,
Operations.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,
Services
COMPANY SECRETARY
!EGA! ADVISER
"EAD, #A#C
FIGURE 1: NETCOs ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
$inancia%
Contro%%er
Mana&er,
En&ineerin&
Mana&er,
Pro'ect
Contro%s
Mana&er,
Pro'ects
"ea(,
Proc)re*ent
Trainin&
Mana&er
"ea(,
Constr)ction
Mana&er,
A(*in. +
Personne%
Mana&er,
,)siness
Deve%op*ent
Mana&er,
P)-%ic A..airs
1K
T!(n$!)* D3)r"-n"#
Engineering 6 "
It is the heart of B>RI.7. )reparation of engineering design and studies.
)roject +ontrols 6 "
)roject planning and scheduling% cost estimating% cost engineering and
information technology.
)rojects 6 "
+o"ordinates the engineering acti#ities being underta!en during any project
including arranging for site #isits% liaison with the customers to inform them
about the progress of their projects. Management of all capital projects.
)rocurement 6 "
Management of procurement function for operations. )ro#ides materials
needed by the other departments and !eeps stoc! of what is a#ailable in the
stores at any point in time.
+onstruction6 "
Management of construction acti#ities.
/raining6 "
>rgani<eLarrange staff de#elopment programs li!e on"the"job"training% short"
term courses and seminars% o#erseas rotational training etc% to ensure that
B>RI.7Cs personnel are informed of technological ad#ancement in the
industry. It ensures employee de#elopment.
8.@ HORIBA># EXPERIENCE
4ince its inception% B>RI.7 has executed more than 122 projects of #arying
magnitude and cost implications. 7mong these projects are6
Management of the /urn"around maintenance of 5igeriaCs four oil refineries.
etailed Engineering design of the onshore gas plant of the E4+R7E>4 gas
project% )hase 1 for +BEER>5.
+onceptual design for the +awthorne @as injectionLsupply project for 4hell.
4afety upgrade and 7s".uilt drawing for 4hellCs '3 flowstations.
22
?ront"End Engineering esign 0?EE1 of an ?)4> #essel for 7shlandCs
>!wori project.
)ipeline sur#eys and implementation 055)+ pipeline phase III1.
)roduction of 7s".uilt drawingCs for 4hellCs .onny Export /erminal and
depots.
Refinery )rocess *nit Rehabilitation and Re#amping 055)+ refineries1.
)ort"Barcourt Refining +ompany =td. 0)BR+1 )ollution 7batement and
+ontrol.
etailed Engineering esign of ?ractionation *nit of the 5=5@ )lus )roject
0trains 1% 2% '% and 81.
+onceptual design of +he#ron 5igeria =imited 0+5=1 water treatment plant%
+onceptual design of +he#ron 5igeria =imited 0+5=1 @as *tili<ation )roject.
?EE for gas supply to 5igerian =5@ project train I for 5igerian 7gip >il
+ompany =imited 0/he 57>+ )roject1 " which I met on ground.
7gbami ?loating )roduction% 4torage and >ffloading /opsides Eessel Q
which I met on ground.
21
+B7)/ER /BREE
7.5 PROJECT EXECUTION IN HORIBA
7.4 PROJECT INITIALI?ATION
B>RI.7Cs business starts in the .usiness e#elopment department when it recei#es
in#itations from prospecti#e clients to submit competiti#e bids for executing projects.
Rele#ant departments meet to decide whether the decision is worthwhile. 7 project
manager is appointed to coordinate the preparation of the bid. /his usually in#ol#es
most of the departments. ?inally% the .usiness e#elopment department submits the
proposal and follows it up.
If the bid is successful% B>RI.7 management appoints from #arious departments a
)roject Manager and other personnel that will form the project team.
/he )roject Manager maintains a harmonious relationship with the client and ensures
that his personnel ha#e the right facilities and a conduci#e wor!ing en#ironment to
execute the project.
22
/he ?inance and 7ccounts department prepares in#oices and collects payments from
clients. /his helps to maintain a positi#e cashflow and to ensure that funds are
a#ailable for the payment of wages and other corporate expenses.
7 typical project team usually comprises mainly of personnel from the Engineering
department.
7.8 THE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
/he Engineering department is the Rengine roomC of B>RI.7Cs operations. /he
department is directly in#ol#ed in the execution of jobs and on whose shoulders the
responsibility of meeting clientCs specification% -uality% wor! procedure% standards and
schedule rests.
/he department is di#ided into discipline groups. 7 manager% who reports to the
Executi#e irector >perations% is Bead of the Engineering epartment. /he role of
the department is fulfilled by a team of Engineers of the #arious discipline groups. 7n
Engineer who is more !nowledgeable in the acti#ities of the group leads each of the
discipline groups. /he lead discipline Engineers report to the Engineering manager
on issues regarding project execution and coordination of the groupsC acti#ities.
?igure 2 shows the organi<ational structure for the Engineering department.
2'
23
ENGINEERING MANAGER
LEAD,
PROCESS
!EAD,
MEC"ANICA!
!EAD,
PIPINGPIPE!INE
PIPING PIPE!INES
GROUP
!EAD,
E!ECRICA!
!EAD,
CONTRO!
SYSTEMS
!EAD,
CIVI!
STRUCTURA!
PROCESS/
SYSTEMS
GROUP
MEC"ANICA!
GROUP
E!ECTRICA!
GROUP
CONTRO!
SYSTEMS
GROUP
CIVI!
STRUCTURA!
GROUP
SECRETARY
FIGURE 2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
28
>n a typical project% each of the discipline groups contributes to the success of the
project by producing deli#erables. eli#erables are the products of a particular groupM
they are the documents re-uired for a particular project.
'.2.1 F+n!"$on# o' "( D$#!$3*$n Gro+3#.
Pro!##A S0#"-# Gro+3.
/his discipline is responsible for the translation from conception of a process
using the !nowledge of conser#ation of mass and energy% separation techni-ues%
fluid mechanics% thermodynamics and process controls into a detailed plant design
phase. /hey are mainly made up of +hemical Engineers.
eli#erables 0documents1 produced by this group on a typical project includes6
" )rocess ?low 4chemeLiagram 0)?4 or )?1
" )rocess Engineering ?low 4cheme 0)E?41 or ) ; I.
" )rocess *tility Engineering ?low 4cheme 0)*E?41
" )rocess 4afeguarding ?low 4cheme 0)4?41
" E-uipment =ist
" =ine esignation /able 0=/1
" =ine 4i<ing Runs.
" ata sheets and pressure profiles are generated for pumps and control
#al#es% while data sheets are produced for such process e-uipment as storage
#essels% heat exchanger% pressure #essels% compressors% furnaces and fire heaters.
7lso% the group prepares the process design philosophy for the project.
C$=$*AS"r+!"+r)* Gro+3.
/his group is charged with the responsibility of pro#iding all ci#ilLstructural
Engineering related acti#ities in the company. /hese acti#ities include6
" structural design
" structural in#estigation
" geo"technical engineering
" water supplyL waste water management
" Integrity sur#ey of existing facilities
" +onstruction super#ision
" )roject management
2I
P$3*$nAP$3$n% )n& P*)n" L)0o+" Gro+3.
/his group is further sub"di#ided into four groups namely6
" )iping design group.
" Materials group.
" 4tress analysis group.
" )ipeline group.
4ome of the deli#erables they produce on a project are6
" )iping 4pecification.
" rawings% plot plans% !ey plans% piping general arrangement studies 0@741.
" atasheets6 pipe support datasheet and pipe material datasheet.
M!()n$!)*AV##* Gro+3.
/he acti#ities carried out by this group are6
" 4election and 4pecification of process e-uipment li!e6 "
)umps% turbines% fired heaters% heat exchangers% air coolers% and pressure
#essels.
" Beating% Eentilation and 7ir +onditioning 4ystem 0BE7+1 design.
E*!"r$!)* Gro+3.
7cti#ities carried out by this group include6
" e#elop esign +riteria.
" ?ormulate )ower @eneration and istribution )hilosophy.
" +arry out load sheddingLsharing studies.
" /ransient and earth fault condition analysis.
" Electrical E-uipment si<ing specification and selection.
" =ighting design.
" Ba<ardous 7rea classification.
" 4ingle line drawing.
" Electrical layout drawing.
Con"ro* S0#"-#A In#"r+-n")"$on Gro+3.
Instruments are used in process plants.
29
4ome of the deli#erables produced by this group are6
" Instrument Index.
" Instrument installation schedule.
" Instrument ata sheets.
" Instrument Installation details.
" Instrument location diagrams.
" =oop and =ogic diagrams.
" Interconnection diagram.
" 7larm and shut"down matrix.
" Material re-uisition.
" +able schedule.
/hey also update the )rocess Engineering flow scheme 0)E?41.
uring any particular project% the ocument +ontrol +entre 0DCC1 wor!s with the
Engineering discipline groups to control receipt and despatch of project documents.
/hrough the ++% project documents are accurately trac!ed.
7ll the discipline groups produce their deli#erables with the aid of computer
applications and softwares. 4ome of the applications are6 "
7uto+7% 7uto)=75/.
Micro4tation.
)M4.
I4>@E5.
BD4D4% BD4IM.
?=7RE5E/.
?>*54% ?74/R*=% 4/R*+7% 4/77 )R>%
I5/>>=4.
)RIM7EER7 )'.
M4 >??I+E )R>?E44I>57=.
)R>LII
uring the training% I was attached to the Electrical discipline group which is under
the Engineering department.
2H
+B7)/ER ?>*R
@.5 THE ELECTRICAL GROUP
@.4 INTRODUCTION
*sually% a typical project begins in the process group with the conceptual or basic design. /he
process group de#elops the initial bloc! diagrams% e#aluates all the options% and proposes the
best alternati#e for the project. >ther disciplines 0Electrical group inclusi#e1 will then wor!
on what the process group has put down.
@.8 ROLES OF THE ELECTRICAL GROUP
>n any project% the Electrical group is concerned with the following6
/o design a system that deli#ers energy or electricity to utili<ation points.
/o design a system that is reliable% economical and operationally flexible.
/o ensure that the system designed is safe for both personnel and e-uipment.
@.7 ELECTRICAL GROUP ACTIVITIES
/o achie#e the abo#e objecti#es% the following acti#ities are usually carried out by the
electrical group6
e#elop design criteria.
?ormulate power generationLdistribution philosophy.
+arry out load shedding andLor sharing duties.
+arry out transient and earth fault condition analysis.
e#elop electrical e-uipment specifications.
+arry out electrical e-uipment si<ing and selection.
)repare material re-uisition0MR1 and .ill of Juantities0.>J1 for electrical
e-uipment.
/echnical bid analysis.
)roduce electrical deli#erables.
@.@ ELECTRICAL GROUP DELIVERABLES
2K
eli#erables are documents produced by a group with respect to the scope of the project. /he
deli#erables produced by the electrical group are6 "
>ne line diagrams
Electrical layout drawings
" Earthing
" +able
" =ighting
Ba<ardous area classification
Material Re-uisition 0MR1
4upplementary rawing
" ata sheets
" +able schedules
" 4chematic and interconnection drawings
" Installation details
" 4pecifications
+>M)*/ER 4>?/&7RE4 used by the Electrical group are6 "
7uto+7
)lant esign Management 4ystem 0)M41
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft &ord
+halmlite
'2
'1
+B7)/ER ?I EE
6.5 SKILLS AND PRACTICES ACBUIRED AS AN INDUSTRIAL TRAINEE
7s a student under the 4I&E4 at B>RI.7% I was exposed to standard
Engineering design practices. /he projects executed at B>RI.7 ensured that
Engineers wor!ed in teams% hence% I was taught to be a team player% and a good
one at that.
I recei#ed training in the following areas of electrical engineering practice6
4. Co-3+")"$on o' Lo)& *$#".
/his is one of the starting point for the electrical group acti#ities. ?or any gi#en
project% it is important to !now the specific number of electrical loads on site. /his
is to ensure ade-uate si<ing of power sources% cables% distribution boards etc. I
learnt how to compute a load list% which is usually a Microsoft Excel document
showing all intended loads% their tag numbers% current% #oltage and power ratings%
efficiencies% power factors% and ser#ice duty.
/able 1 below shows a sample load list which I de#eloped for a gi#en offshore
platform.
E!ECTRICA! !OAD SUMMARY $OR T"E $OR T"E O$$S"ORE P!AT$ORM


CONSUMED
!OADS

E#UIPMENT SERVICE DESCRIPTION
DUT
Y
E
$$

P$ /0 /VA REMAR/
TAG NOS.
AREA 1
BANK 1: 6.6K
0ATER IN1ECTION PUMP C 2.34 2.56 722 757.87
0ATER IN1ECTION PUMP S 2.34 2.56 722 757.87
AIR COMPRESSOR I 2.34 2.56 622 873.73
AIR COMPRESSOR C 2.34 2.56 622 873.73
DEMU!SI$IER PUMP I 2.34 2.56 422 466.96
DEMU!SI$IER PUMP S 2.34 2.56 422 466.96

BANK 2: !1"
!IG"TING D., C 2.35 :.22 :.62 :.67
C"EMICA! IN1ECTION S/ID PUMP C 2.34 2.56 :.22 :.45
C"EMICA! IN1ECTION S/ID PUMP S 2.34 2.56 :.22 :.45
C"EMICA! IN1ECTION S/ID PUMP C 2.34 2.56 4.22 4.68
C"EMICA! IN1ECTION S/ID PUMP S 2.34 2.56 4.22 4.68
'2
CONDENSATE "EATER C 2.35 :.22 :.22 :.24
CONDENSATE "EATER S 2.35 :.22 :.22 :.24
CONDENSATE "EATER I 2.35 :.22 :.22 :.24
CONDENSATE "EATER C 2.35 :.22 2.62 2.6:
CONDENSATE "EATER I 2.35 :.22 2.62 2.6:
CONDENSATE "EATER S 2.35 :.22 2.62 2.6:

"EATING, VENTI!ATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
PANE! C 2.34 2.56 :.62 :.34

"EATING, VENTI!ATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
PANE! C 2.34 2.56 :.62 :.34

AREA 2
BANK 1: 6.6K
,OI!;O$$ GAS COMPRESSORS C 2.34 2.56 4622 7:38.37
,OI!;O$$ GAS COMPRESSORS C 2.34 2.56 4622 7:38.37

BANK 2: !1"
!IG"TING D., C 2.35 :.22 :.62 :.67
$IRE 0ATER PUMP S 2.34 2.56 72 75.78
1OC/EY PUMP I 2.34 2.56 72 75.78
CONDENSATE "EATER C 2.35 :.22 :.22 :.24
CONDENSATE "EATER C 2.35 :.22 2.62 2.6:

"EATING, VENTI!ATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
PANE! C 2.34 2.56 :.22 :.45

"EATING, VENTI!ATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
PANE! C 2.34 2.56 :.22 :.45

AREA #
EMERGENCY PANEL $DUAL SUPPLY% 6.6K
START;UP MOTOR I 2.34 2.56 722 757.87
START;UP MOTOR I 2.34 2.56 722 757.87
$IRE 0ATER PUMP S 2.34 2.56 422 466.96
$IRE 0ATER PUMP S 2.34 2.56 422 466.96
GENERATOR COO!ING 0ATER PUMP I 2.34 2.56 422 466.96
GENERATOR COO!ING 0ATER PUMP S 2.34 2.56 422 466.96
GENERATOR COO!ING 0ATER PUMP S 2.34 2.56 422 466.96

EMERGENCY PANEL$DUAL SUPPLY% !1"
UNINTERUPTED PO0ER SUPP!Y C 2.35 :.22 43.<2 72
!IG"TING D, C 2.35 :.22 :.62 :.67
!IG"TING D, C 2.35 :.22 :.62 :.67
INSTRUMENT D, I 2.35 :.22 3.52 :2
INSTRUMENT D, I 2.35 :.22 3.52 :2
CONTRO! ROOM D, C 2.35 :.22 <.32 6
/able 16 =oad =ist for an >ffshore )latform.
8. Gnr)"$on o' #$n%* *$n &$)%r)-#.
/here were many instances where I was re-uired to de#elop one or single line
diagrams. /he electrical load list came in #ery handy in such instances. 7 single
line diagram is a schematic drawing that uses graphical symbols and standard
nomenclature to illustrate the o#erall configuration of an electrical system. /he
single line diagram shows diagrammatically the conceptualLdetailed design for
''
power generation and distribution on a site% interconnections between #arious
loads% @eneration philosophies% load layouts% busbars and their respecti#e #oltage
le#els% system protection de#ices% amongst others. /hese are well shown on single
line diagrams with standard electrical symbols. I recei#ed extensi#e training on
the use of auto+7% which is the software used by the electrical group to draw
one line diagrams. ?igure ' below shows the single line diagram which I drew
with the aid of auto+7 for the offshore platform whose load summary is shown
in /able 1.
'3
?ig.' Q 4ingle line digram for the >ffshore )latform.
'8
7. EC+$3-n" #$D$n% )n& C),* #$D$n%.
7reas co#ered here includes @enerator si<ing% /ransformer si<ing% circuit brea!er
si<ing% and cable si<ing calculations. I also learnt about the rele#ant standards and
codes as regards e-uipment si<ing and cable selection% such as the 5ational
Electric +ode 05E+1% and the 5ational Electric Manucfacturers
7ssociation05EM71 codes.
7s part of my training% I was gi#en an assignment on e-uipment and cable si<ing
in the .echtel project. /he calculations I carried out are shown below6
CALCULATIONS
SI?ING OF EBUIPMENT IN THE BECHTEL PROJECT.
4IFI5@ >? /R754?>RMER4 75 @E5ER7/>R4.
FORMULA USED.
@E5. 4IFI5@6
R*55I5@ =>7 0R=1 S />/7= +>5/I5*>4 =>7 T'2P I5/ERMI//E5/ =>7.
)E7K =>7 0)=1 S R*55I5@ =>7 T22P 4/75.D =>7.
/R754?>RMER 4IFE U I.28 V)E7K =>7.
744*M)/I>56 *4I5@ 5T1 )BI=>4>)BD.
/R754?>RMER 4IFI5@ @E5ER7/>R 4IFI5@.


'I
.*4 4*MM7RD
/able 26 .us 4ummary.
GENERATOR SI?ING 1USING NE4 PHILOSOPHY2
R= S '2IK1.I8 T 02.'V1823.1H1 S '113H.K2 KE7
)= S '113H.K2 T92.I2 S '121K.8I KE7
?*/*RE EG)754I>5 S 28P
)= S 1.28V'121K.8I S 'K223.38 KE7
?>R 5 T 1 @E5.M &BERE 5 S 2
)=L2 S 1K812.28 KE7
.*4 IE5/I/D
+>5/I5*>*4
=>74 "+
0KE71
I5/ERMI//E5/
=>74 QI
0KE71
4/75.D =>74 Q
4
0KE71
.*4 7% ''KE '2%2222

"""" """""
.*4 .% I.IKE """" 1'H2 """"
.*4 + %322E 219.8 88 """"
.*4 %322E 11H.98 """" """""
.*4 E%3>>E I2 22.8 """""
.*4 ?%322E 2K8.3 II.IH '82.KH
/>/7= '2IK1.I8 1823.1H '82.KH
'9
@E5ER7/>R 4IFE S ' 5os. 22 ME7 @E5ER7/>R.
/R754?>RMER 4IFI5@6
/1 011W '' KE1
R= S '2%222 KE7
)= S'2%222 KE7V1.28 S'9%822 KE7
/1 4IFE S '9.8 ME7.

/2 011WI.I KE1
R= S 313 KE7
)= S 313V1.28 S 819.8 KE7
/2 4IFE S 982 KE7.

/' 4IFE 011W2.3 KE1
R= S''I.28 T 1I.8 S'82.98 KE7
)= S '82.98V 1.28 S 332.K3 KE7
/' 4IFE S 822KE7
/3 4IFE 011W2.3 KE1
R= S''I.28 T 1I.8 S'82.98 KE7
)= S '82.98V 1.28 S 332.K3 KE7
/3 4IFE S 822KE7
/8 4IFE 011W2.3 KE1
R= S '88.3 T 2I.98 S 2H2.18 KE7
)= S 'H2.18 T 92.I2 S 382.98 KE7
382.98V1.28 S 8I8.K3 KE7
/8 4IFE S 982 KE7
/I 4IFE 011W2.3 KE1
R= S '88.3 T 2I.98 S 2H2.18 KE7
)= S 'H2.18 T 92.I2 S 382.98 KE7
382.98V1.28 S 8I8.K3 KE7
/I 4IFE S 982 KE7
CABLE SI?ING6
?>RM*=7 *4E6
I S ) L 0X'VE1 7M) T 28P I 0future expansion1
GENERATOR CABLE SI?ING6
I S 22ME7 L 0X'V11KE1 S 123K.9' V 1.28 S 1'12.187
+. 4IFE6 12227
+7.=E 4IFE6
TRANSFORMER CABLE SI?ING.
/16
)RIM6 I S '9.8ME7 L 0X'V11KE1 S 1KIH.237 V 1.28 S 2382.'7
+. 4IFE6 22227
+7.=E 4IFE6
4E+6 I S '9.8ME7 L 0X'V''KE1 S I8I.2H7 V 1.28 S H22.127
+. 4IFE6 9227
+7.=E 4IFE6
'H
/26
)RIM6 I S 982KE7 L 0X'V11KE1 S 'K.'I7 V 1.28 S 3K.227
+. 4IFE6 327
+7.=E 4IFE6
4E+6 I S 982KE7 L 0X'VI.IKE1 S I8.I17 V 1.28 S H2.217
+. 4IFE6 927
+7.=E 4IFE6
/'6
)RIM6 I S 822KE7 L 0X'V11KE1 S 2I.237 V 1.28 S '2.H27
+. 4IFE6 '27
+7.=E 4IFE6
4E+6 I S 822KE7 L 0X'V2.3KE1 S 921.IK7 V 1.28 S K22.117
+. 4IFE6 H227
+7.=E 4IFE6
/3
)RIM6 I S 822KE7 L 0X'V11KE1 S 2I.237 V 1.28 S '2.H7
+. 4IFE6 '27
+7.=E 4IFE6
4E+6 I S 822KE7 L 0X'V2.3KE1 S 921.IK7 V 1.28 S K22.117
+. 4IFE6 H227
+7.=E 4IFE6
/8 S /I
)RIM6 I S 982KE7L 0X'V11KE1 S 'K.'9 V 1.28 S 3K.217
+. 4IFE6 327
+7.=E 4IFE6
4E+6 I S 982KE7L 0X'V2.3KE1 S 1'II.I' V 1.28 S 192H.297
+. 4IFE6 1I227
+7.=E 4IFE6
/hese current #alues are also used for si<ing the transformer and generator +.s.
CABLE AND CIRCUIT BREAKER SI?ING FOR LOADS
FORMULA USED.
I S )L 00X'VE1
/ype of cable6 )E+ insulated% armoured% installed in air.
BUS A.
?our starter motors
I S 9822KE7L 00X'V''KE1 S 1'1.27 V 1.28 S 1I37
+. S 1827
+able si<e S 92mm
2
)E+% 7RM>*RE

BUS B.
@enerator starter motor
I S IK2KE7L0X'VI.IKE1 S I2.37 V1.28 S 98.87
+.S 927
+7.=E 4IFE S '8mm
2
'K

BUS C.
&harf burner fuel 1 ; 2 .un!er fuel heating load
I S 88KE7L0X'V2.3KE1 S 9K.'K7V1.28 S KK.27 I S 1I2.8KE7L0X'V2.3KE1 S 2'3.I7 V1.28
+.6 H27 S 2K'.27
+able si<e6 '8mm
2
+.6 2827
+able si<e6 1H8mm
2
BUS D.
+auseway lighting >ffice and 7menities
I S 1H.3 V 1.28 S 22.887 I S 12I.'27 V 1.28 S 189.HH7
+.6 227 +.6 1827
cable si<e6 2.8 mm
2
+able si<e6 92 mm
2
BE7+ supply
I S 29.2I V 1.28 S ''.H'7
+.6 '27
+able si<e6 I mm
2
BUS E.
*)4 &arehouse supply 1L &!shop supply
I S 9.227 V1.28 S K.2'7 I S '2.3I7 V 1.28 S 32.I7
+.6 187 +.6 '87M cable si<e6 I mm
2
+able si<e6 1.8 mm
2

&arehouse supply 2 @ate house supply
I S 12.H'7 V 1.28 S 1'.87 I S 1H.237 V1.28 S 22.I7
+.6 187 +.6 287
+able si<e6 1.8 mm
2
cable si<e6 2.8 mm
2
>bstruction lighting
I S 1.H27 V 1.28 S 2.287
+able si<e6 1.8 mm
2
+.6 187
BUS F
)1 S )2 )K6
+.6 1287 +.6 187
+7.=E 4IFE6 '8 mm
2
+7.=E 4IFE6 1.8 mm
2

)' S )3 )12% )11% )126
+.6 827 +.6 187
+7.=E 4IFE6 12 mm
2
+7.=E 4IFE6 1.8 mm
2
)8 S )I
+.6 1287
+7.=E 4IFE6 92 mm
2
)9 S )H
+.6 '227
+7.=E 4IFE6 1H8 mm
2
32
@. E*!"r$!)* L)0o+" &r)F$n%# 1E)r"($n%, C),*, )n& L$%("$n% *)0o+"2.
7n electrical layout drawing gi#es a plan #iew of an area 0e.g a flowstation1% and
shows by means of appropriate sign con#entions% such features as the earthing
grid0earthing layout1% electrical cable route0cable routing layout1% location of
lighting towersLfixtures0lighting layout1 etc. I was trained on how to draw layout
drawings using auto+7. I learnt about the #arious factors to be considered
before layout drawingsLdesigns are produced.
6. H)D)r&o+# Ar) !*)##$'$!)"$onA&r)F$n%#.
I was also trained on how to produce ha<ardous area drawings using auto+7. 7
ha<ardous area is a three"dimensional space in which a flammable atmosphere
may be expected to be present at such fre-uencies as re-uires special precautions
for the construction and use of all electrical apparatus.
/he purpose of these drawings is to pro#ide assistance in selecting the correct
certified e-uipment for ha<ardous <ones 0as will be clearly noted on the drawing1
such as petrochemical plants% refineries% gas plants% oil terminals% etc.
G. S+33*-n")r0 &r)F$n%# 1C),* #!(&+*#, D$#"r$,+"$on ,o)r& #!(&+*#,
S!(-)"$!# )n& In"r!onn!"$on &r)F$n%#, In#")**)"$on &")$*#,
S3!$'$!)"$on#2.
/hese drawings are also produced at later electrical design stages for a project. I
was also opportuned to see how these drawings were produced and their rele#ance
to the project.
/he training I recei#ed in#ol#ed the use of the following computer aided
designLapplication softwares6
7uto+7
+halmlite 0 a software for lighting design and calculations1.
)lant design Management system 0)M41.
31
A+"oCAD
It is a computer aided drawing software. It is used by the electrical group to draw
single line diagrams% electrical layout drawings% ha<ardous area drawings% distribution
board schedules% schematics and interconnection diagrams% power layouts etc.
/he 7uto+7 design pac!age is a general purpose software. It is an extremely
powerful tool. /he speed and ease at which a drawing can be prepared and modified
using a computer offers a phenomenal ad#antage o#er hand preparation. /here is
#irtually no limit to the !ind of drawings that can be prepared using the software.
7uto+7 pro#ides a set of entities for use in constructing a drawing. 7n entity is a
drawing element such as a line% circle% or text string annotations. /he effect of e#ery
change appears immediately% thus enabling the designer to ta!e immediate decisions
concerning si<e% aesthetics and taste of the designer.
>ther 7uto+7 functions allow modifications of the drawing in a #ariety of ways
e.g. erasing or mo#ing entities or copying them from repeated patterns. /he #iew of
the drawing displayed on the screen can be changed% or information about the drawing
can be displayed. /he use of layers and assigning colours to the different layers
enhances the appearance of the end product and aids in detecting errors in the drawing
that would otherwise ha#e gone undetected. /he final drawing can then be plotted
with a pen plotter or printer plotter.
/he importance of this software can be more appreciated in that is sa#es time and cost
in the production of drawings% by pro#iding the engineer with a mature tool to wor!%
thus% ensuring a more professional and accurate output.
/he acti#ities of the electrical group to which to which I was attached% in#ol#ed the
extensi#e use of auto+7.
32
C()*-*$".
It is a computer aided lighting design software. It is used by the electrical group to
carry out lighting designLcalculations 0general lighting% fence lighting% interior lighting
etc1. &ith the aid of this software% an area could be lit to any re-uired illumination
le#el% with appropriate fixturesLlighting towers positioned at appropriate locations.
Illumination le#els at #arious locations are automatically calculated and displayed.
esign specifications such as maintenance factor% mounting height% aiming point% type
of fixtures% etc are usually supplied by the client. esign is thus based on client
specifications% with allowance made for suggestions to the client from the electrical
group.
/he acti#ities of the electrical group to which to which I was attached% also in#ol#ed
the extensi#e use of chalmlite.
/he lighting calculation results as computed by the +halmlite =ighting esign
)rogram indicating the illumination le#el at different points in the defined
area0/uomo flowstation1 and target grid summaries are as shown below as ?ig 3 and
/able ' respecti#ely. /he lighting towers are shown on the figure as ?/"1 to ?/"19
respecti#ely. /his design is for general lighting of the area under consideration.
3'

?ig.36 =ighting calculation result showing illumination le#els.
33
/7R@E/ @RI 4*MM7RIE4
@rid is x"y plane at <S 2.2 Bori<ontal =ux =imits6 from x S "IK2.2 to xS
"''2.2% from y S221 to yS I21
7#erage S 29.3 lux Minimum L 7#erage S 2.2
Maximum S 191.2 lux Minimum L MaximumS2.2
Minimum S 2.2 5umber )oints S 31H
?=>>=I@B/ L =*MI57IRE 4*MM7RD
EE>=*/I>5 322& 4>5"/ MEI*M .E7M Ex E 7/EG
+at.Ref. EE> L 322 L M4 L M =umens per =amp S 88222.2 M?S 2.H2
.eam is not Rotated
5umber =uminaires S 192
/otal 5umber =uminaires S 192
=*MI57IRE =>+7/I>54 75 >RIE5/7/I>5 75@=E4
=I@B/I5@
/>&ER
5>.
+7/.RE? 4EJ*E5+E
5>.
=>+7/I>5 7IMI5@ )>I5/

7IMI5@
75@=E4

?/"21
G D F G D F B>RIF. EER/.
EE>L322LM4LM 1 "8KH 2'1 28 "8HI 232 2 83
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 2 "8KH 2'1 28 "8H' 2'1 2 K2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM ' "8KH 2'1 28 "8HI 222 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 3 "8KH 2'1 28 "8K3 219 2 1I2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 8 "8KH 2'1 28 "I2' 219 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM I "8KH 2'1 28 "I12 222 2 2''
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 9 "8KH 2'1 28 "I1' 2'1 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM H "8KH 2'1 28 "I12 232 2 '2I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM K "8KH 2'1 28 "I2' 238 2 '32
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 12 "8KH 2'1 28 "8K' 238 2 1H
'2
?/"22
EE>L322LM4LM 11 "81K 21K 28 "829 22H 2 88
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 12 "81K 21K 28 "823 21K 2 K2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1' "81K 21K 28 "829 212 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 13 "81K 21K 28 "813 228 2 1I2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 18 "81K 21K 28 "823 228 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1I "81K 21K 28 "8'1 212 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 19 "81K 21K 28 "8'3 21K 2 2IK
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1H "81K 21K 28 "8'1 22H 2 '2I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1K "81K 21K 28 "823 2'' 2 '32
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 22 "81K 21K 28 "813 2'' 2 1H
'2
?/"2'
EE>L322LM4LM 21 "388 2'8 28 "33' 23' 2 83
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 22 "388 2'8 28 "332 2'8 2 K2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 2' "388 2'8 28 "33' 22I 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 23 "388 2'8 28 "382 222 2 1I1
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 28 "388 2'8 28 "3I2 222 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 2I "388 2'8 28 "3I9 22I 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 29 "388 2'8 28 "392 2'8 2 292 '2
38
EE>L322LM4LM 2H "388 2'8 28 "3I9 233 2 '2I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 2K "388 2'8 28 "3I2 23K 2 '32
'2
EE>L322LM4LM '2 "388 2'8 28 "382 23K 2 1K
'2
?/"23
EE>L322LM4LM '1 "8'K 291 28 "82I 2H2 2 83
'2
EE>L322LM4LM '2 "8'K 291 28 "823 291 2 K2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM '' "8'K 291 28 "82I 2I2 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM '3 "8'K 291 28 "8'3 289 2 1I2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM '8 "8'K 291 28 "83' 289 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 'I "8'K 291 28 "881 2I2 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM '9 "8'K 291 28 "883 291 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 'H "8'K 291 28 "881 2H2 2 '2I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 'K "8'K 291 28 "83' 2H8 2 '32
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 32 "8'K 291 28 "8'3 2H8 2 1H
'2
?/"28
EE>L322LM4LM 31 "8K8 '12 28 "8H2 '1K 2 83
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 32 "8K8 '12 28 "8H2 '12 2 K2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 3' "8K8 '12 28 "8H2 '21 2 128
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 33 "8K8 '12 28 "8K2 2KI 2 1I1
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 38 "8K8 '12 28 "8KK 2KI 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 3I "8K8 '12 28 "I29 '21 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 39 "8K8 '12 28 "I12 '12 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 3H "8K8 '12 28 "I29 '1K 2 '2I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 3K "8K8 '12 28 "8KK '23 2 '32
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 82 "8K8 '12 28 "8K2 '23 2 1K
'2
?/"2I
EE>L322LM4LM 81 "322 '12 28 "32H '1H 2 88
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 82 "322 '12 28 "328 '12 2 K2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 8' "322 '12 28 "32H '21 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 83 "322 '12 28 "318 2KI 2 1I1
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 88 "322 '12 28 "328 2KI 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 8I "322 '12 28 "3'2 '21 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 89 "322 '12 28 "3'8 '12 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 8H "322 '12 28 "3'2 '1K 2 '2I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 8K "322 '12 28 "328 '23 2 '32
'2
EE>L322LM4LM I2 "322 '12 28 "318 '23 2 1K
'2
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EE>L322LM4LM I1 "819 ''H 28 "828 '39 2 88
'2
EE>L322LM4LM I2 "819 ''H 28 "822 ''H 2 K1
'2
EE>L322LM4LM I' "819 ''H 28 "828 ''2 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM I3 "819 ''H 28 "81' '23 2 1I2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM I8 "819 ''H 28 "822 '23 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM II "819 ''H 28 "82K ''2 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM I9 "819 ''H 28 "8'2 ''H 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM IH "819 ''H 28 "82K '39 2 '2I
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EE>L322LM4LM IK "819 ''H 28 "822 '8' 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM 92 "819 ''H 28 "81' '8' 2 1H
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EE>L322LM4LM 91 "8K2 '8I 28 "8H2 'I8 2 83
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EE>L322LM4LM 92 "8K2 '8I 28 "899 '8I 2 K2
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EE>L322LM4LM 9' "8K2 '8I 28 "8H2 '3H 2 12I
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EE>L322LM4LM 93 "8K2 '8I 28 "8H9 '32 2 1I2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 98 "8K2 '8I 28 "8K9 '32 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 9I "8K2 '8I 28 "I23 '3H 2 2'3
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EE>L322LM4LM 99 "8K2 '8I 28 "I29 '8I 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 9H "8K2 '8I 28 "I23 'I8 2 '2I
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EE>L322LM4LM 9K "8K2 '8I 28 "8K9 '91 2 '32 '2
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EE>L322LM4LM H2 "8K2 '8I 28 "8H9 '91 2 1H
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EE>L322LM4LM H1 "3I1 'IH 28 "33K '99 2 83
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EE>L322LM4LM H2 "3I1 'IH 28 "33I 'IH 2 K2
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EE>L322LM4LM H' "3I1 'IH 28 "33K 'I2 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM H3 "3I1 'IH 28 "389 '83 2 1I2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM H8 "3I1 'IH 28 "3II '83 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM HI "3I1 'IH 28 "39' 'I2 2 2'3
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EE>L322LM4LM H9 "3I1 'IH 28 "39I 'IH 2 292
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EE>L322LM4LM HH "3I1 'IH 28 "393 '99 2 '2I
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EE>L322LM4LM HK "3I1 'IH 28 "3II 'H' 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM K2 "3I1 'IH 28 "389 'H' 2 1H
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EE>L322LM4LM K1 "8'H 32I 28 "82I 313 2 88
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EE>L322LM4LM K2 "8'H 32I 28 "82' 32I 2 K2
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EE>L322LM4LM K3 "8'H 32I 28 "8'' 'K2 2 1I2
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EE>L322LM4LM K8 "8'H 32I 28 "832 'K2 2 1KH
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EE>L322LM4LM KI "8'H 32I 28 "882 'K9 2 2''
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EE>L322LM4LM K9 "8'H 32I 28 "88' 32I 2 292
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EE>L322LM4LM KH "8'H 32I 28 "882 318 2 '28
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EE>L322LM4LM KK "8'H 32I 28 "832 322 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM 122 "8'H 32I 28 "8'' 322 2 1H
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EE>L322LM4LM 121 "I23 313 28 "8K2 32' 2 83
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EE>L322LM4LM 122 "I23 313 28 "8HK 313 2 K2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 12' "I23 313 28 "8K2 328 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 123 "I23 313 28 "8KK 322 2 1I2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 128 "I23 313 28 "I2K 322 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 12I "I23 313 28 "I1I 328 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 129 "I23 313 28 "I1K 313 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 12H "I23 313 28 "I1I 32' 2 '2I
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EE>L322LM4LM 12K "I23 313 28 "I2K 32H 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM 112 "I23 313 28 "8KK 32H 2 1H
'2
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EE>L322LM4LM 111 "393 33I 28 "3I2 383 2 83
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 112 "393 33I 28 "38K 33I 2 K2
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EE>L322LM4LM 11' "393 33I 28 "3I2 3'9 2 12I
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EE>L322LM4LM 113 "393 33I 28 "3IK 3'1 2 1I2
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EE>L322LM4LM 118 "393 33I 28 "39H 3'1 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 11I "393 33I 28 "3HI 3'9 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 119 "393 33I 28 "3HK 33I 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 11H "393 33I 28 "3HI 383 2 '2I
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EE>L322LM4LM 11K "393 33I 28 "39K 3I2 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM 122 "393 33I 28 "3IK 3I2 2 1H
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EE>L322LM4LM 121 "8'8 392 28 "82' 39K 2 88
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 122 "8'8 392 28 "822 392 2 K2
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EE>L322LM4LM 12' "8'8 392 28 "82' 3I1 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 123 "8'8 392 28 "8'2 38I 2 1I2
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EE>L322LM4LM 128 "8'8 392 28 "832 38I 2 1KH
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EE>L322LM4LM 12I "8'8 392 28 "839 3I1 2 2'3
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EE>L322LM4LM 129 "8'8 392 28 "882 392 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 12H "8'8 392 28 "839 39K 2 '2I
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EE>L322LM4LM 12K "8'8 392 28 "832 3H3 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM 1'2 "8'8 392 28 "8'2 3H8 2 1H
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39
EE>L322LM4LM 1'2 "8K8 3H9 28 "8H2 3H9 2 K2
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EE>L322LM4LM 1'3 "8K8 3H9 28 8K2 39' 2 1I2
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EE>L322LM4LM 1'I "8K8 3H9 28 "I29 39H 2 2'3
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EE>L322LM4LM 1'9 "8K8 3H9 28 "I12 3H9 2 292
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EE>L322LM4LM 1'H "8K8 3H9 28 "I29 3KI 2 '2I
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EE>L322LM4LM 1'K "8K8 3H9 28 "I22 821 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM 132 "8K8 3H9 28 "8K2 821 2 1K
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EE>L322LM4LM 131 "8K2 832 28 "8H2 83H 2 88
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EE>L322LM4LM 132 "8K2 832 28 "899 832 2 K2
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EE>L322LM4LM 13' "8K2 832 28 "8H2 8'1 2 12I
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EE>L322LM4LM 133 "8K2 832 28 "8H9 828 2 1I2
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EE>L322LM4LM 138 "8K2 832 28 "8KI 828 2 1KH
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EE>L322LM4LM 13I "8K2 832 28 "I23 8'1 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 139 "8K2 832 28 "I29 8'K 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 13H "8K2 832 28 "I23 83H 2 '28
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EE>L322LM4LM 13K "8K2 832 28 "8K9 883 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM 182 "8K2 832 28 "8H9 883 2 1H
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EE>L322LM4LM 181 "3I9 8'H 28 "388 839 2 83
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EE>L322LM4LM 182 "3I9 8'H 28 "382 8'H 2 K2
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EE>L322LM4LM 18' "3I9 8'H 28 "388 8'2 2 12I
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EE>L322LM4LM 183 "3I9 8'H 28 "3I2 823 2 1I2
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EE>L322LM4LM 188 "3I9 8'H 28 "392 823 2 1KH
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EE>L322LM4LM 18I "3I9 8'H 28 "39K 8'2 2 2'3
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EE>L322LM4LM 189 "3I9 8'H 28 "3H2 8'H 2 2IK
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EE>L322LM4LM 18H "3I9 8'H 28 "39K 839 2 '2I
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EE>L322LM4LM 18K "3I9 8'H 28 "392 88' 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM 1I2 "3I9 8'H 28 "3I2 88' 2 1K
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EE>L322LM4LM 1I1 "8'1 83I 28 "81K 888 2 83
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1I2 "8'1 83I 28 "81I 83I 2 K2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1I' "8'1 83I 28 "81K 8'9 2 12I
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1I3 "8'1 83I 28 "829 8'2 2 1I2
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1I8 "8'1 83I 28 "8'I 8'2 2 1KH
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1II "8'1 83I 28 "83' 8'9 2 2'3
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1I9 "8'1 83I 28 "83I 83I 2 292
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1IH "8'1 83I 28 "83' 888 2 '28
'2
EE>L322LM4LM 1IK "8'1 83I 28 "8'I 8I2 2 '32
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EE>L322LM4LM 192 "8'1 83I 28 "829 8I2 2 1H
'2
/able '6 /arget grid summaries.
P*)n" D#$%n M)n)%-n" S0#"- 1PDMS2
/his is an ad#anced drafting software. /hree dimensional models can be made with
the aid of this software. /his software is more #ersatile than auto+7 as far a '"
wor! is concerned. 4ome of the applications of )M4 are routing a se-uence of cable
3H
trays and piping components% structural designs% BE7+ design% and lighting design. I
recei#ed basic training in the use of )M4.
6.5.4 SKILLS ACBUIRED
.y #irtue of the training I recei#ed and exposure% I ha#e ac-uired the following s!ills
from the 4I&E4 wor!place 0i.e. B>RI.716
)roficiency in the use of 7uto+7.
)roficiency in the use of Microsoft EG+E= for the de#elopment of spreadsheets.
7bility to use chalmlite to carry out lighting design and calculations.
7bility to use )lant design Management 4ystem 0)M41 Q a ' drafting
software.
7bility to wor! effecti#ely in a team% and to communicate effecti#ely with others.
3K
82
+B7)/ER 4I G
G.5 CONCLUSION
/he 4I&E4 has positi#ely contributed to my training as a future ElectricalLElectronics
Engineer. 7t the 4I&E4 wor!place 0i.e. B>RI.71% I was able to reconcile theoretical
principles learnt in school with real ElectricalLElectronics engineering design practice.
I also learnt #arious software applications relating to my discipline such as 7uto+7%
)lant esign Management 4ystem0)M41% +halmlite% Microsoft EG+E=% Microsoft
&ord% etc. ?urthermore% I recei#ed extensi#e training on electrical design
fundamentals which included the following6 e#elopment of load and single line
diagrams% esign of electrical layout drawings0cable% earthing and lighting layout
drawings1% Ba<ardous area classification drawings% E-uipment si<ing% cable and
circuit brea!er si<ing% preparation of material ta!e"off and bill of -uantities% lighting
designLcalculations% and schematicLinterconnection drawings.
4I&E4 ga#e me the opportunity to learn about good wor! ethics% good interpersonal
and communication s!ills.
81
REFERENCES
1. 5ational Engineering and /echnical +ompany0B>RI.71 Electrical /raining
Manual% Eol.1 ; 2% 01KKH1.
2. +he#ron +orporation /raining Manual 01KKI1% Eol 1 ; 2.
'. Robert% M./ 01KHK1 7uto+7 es!top +ompanion% 4ybexL/ech 7sian
Editions% 4ingapore% /ech )ublication% )p 8"9.
82