1) A 200km transmission line has following parameters:

r=0.15 ohm/km, x=1.6ohm/km and c=0.009F.

The line is delivering a power of 27MW (with pf=0.8 lagging) to the balanced three phase load at
132 Kv.[Use equivalent T-Ckt model of line]
i. Calculate A B C D parameter of line.
ii. Calculate voltage regulation of line.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the line.
Solution:
Given,
Length of line (L)=200 km
r=0.15 ohm/km
x=1.6 ohm/km
c=0.009 F
i)
Total Series Impedance of line=Z = (r+jx)L
=(0.15+jx1.60)x200=30+j320=321.4084.64
o

Total shunt Admittance of line=Y =jwc L
=jx2x(22/7)x50x0.009x10
-6
x200=j5.654x10
-4

Using T-ckt model, ABCD parameters are as follows:
A=D=1+(ZY)/2=1+(321.4084.64
o
x j5.654x10
-4
)/2 =0.90950.5346
o

B=Z(1+ZY/4)=( 321.4084.64
o
)x(1+(321.4084.64
o
x j5.654x10
-4
)/4) = 306.8684.89
o

C=Y= j5.654x10
-4

ii) We have Vr=132x10
3
volts(L-L)
=132x10
3
/ =76.2102x10
3

Receiving end current = Ir =

=147.618 -36.86

Is
Vs
=

D C
B A

Ir
Vr


=

0.5346 0.9095 90 0.00056
84.89 306.86 0.5346 0.9095

36.86 147.618
0 76210.23

=

62 . 18 114.14
19.01 105360

Hence, Vs=105360 volts (Phase).

Voltage Regulation of line (V. R.) = % 100
| |
| | | |
x
Vr
Vr Vs
= % 100
23 . 76210
23 . 76210 105360
x

=38.24%
iii) Receiving End power per phase=Pr=27/3=9 MW
Sending end complex power per phase (Ss) =Vs x (Is)*
= (105360 19.01)x(114.14 -18.62)*
= (9.52+j7.34) x10
6
VA
Sending end Active Power per phase (Ps) = 9.52 MW
Efficiency of the Line = = % 100
Pr
x
Ps
= % 100
52 . 9
9
x =94.53%
2) A capacitor of 3.2F is connected at receiving end across each phase of the line.
i. Calculate new A B C D parameter of line.
ii. Calculate voltage regulation of line.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the line.
iv. Explain the effect of compensation.
Solution:
i) ABCD Parameter of the transmission line without capacitor=

1 1
1 1
D C
B A


=

0.5346 0.9095 90 0.00056
84.89 306.86 0.5346 0.9095

The ABCD parameter of the capacitor at receiving en d=

1
0 1
Y
=

2 2
2 2
D C
B A

Where, Y= Admittance of capacitor =jwc=j x 314.15 x 3.2 x 10
-6


=0.001 90
o

New ABCD parameter of line =

D C
B A
=

1 1
1 1
D C
B A

2 2
2 2
D C
B A

0.5346 0.9095 90 0.00056
84.89 306.86 0.5346 0.9095

1 90 0.001
0 1

=

0.5346 0.9096 90.33 0.0015
84.89 306.86 412 . 3 0.6033

ii) We have Vr=76210.23 0
Receiving end current = Ir =147.618 -36.86

Is
Vs
=

D C
B A

Ir
Vr


=

0.5346 0.9096 90.33 0.0015
84.89 306.86 412 . 3 0.6033

36.86 147.618
0 76210.23

=

17 . 17 112.52
25.54 84447

Hence, Vs=105360 volts (Phase).

Voltage Regulation of line (V. R.) = % 100
| |
| | | |
x
Vr
Vr Vs
= % 100
23 . 76210
23 . 76210 84447
x

=10.807%
iii) Receiving End power per phase=Pr=9 MW
Sending end complex power (Ss) =Vs x (Is)*
= (84447 25.54)x(112.52 17.17)*
= (9.4013+j1.3838) x10
6
VA
Sending end Active Power (Ps) = 9.52 MW
Efficiency of the Line = = % 100
Pr
x
Ps
= % 100
4013 . 9
9
x =95.73%
iv) The effect of capacitive compensation has improved the voltage regulation of line.
3) A capacitor of 50F is connected at receiving end across each phase of the line.
i. Calculate new A B C D parameter of line.
ii. Calculate voltage regulation of line.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the line.
iv. Explain the effect of compensation.
Solution:
i) ABCD Parameter of the transmission line without capacitor=

1 1
1 1
D C
B A


=

0.5346 0.9095 90 0.00056
84.89 306.86 0.5346 0.9095

The ABCD parameter of the capacitor at receiving en d=

1
0 1
Y
=

2 2
2 2
D C
B A

Where, Y= Admittance of capacitor =jwc=j x 314.15 x 50 x 10
-6


=0.0157 90
o

New ABCD parameter of line =

D C
B A
=

1 1
1 1
D C
B A

2 2
2 2
D C
B A

0.5346 0.9095 90 0.00056
84.89 306.86 0.5346 0.9095

1 90 0.0157
0 1

=

0.5346 0.9096 90.514 0.0149
84.89 306.86 6 . 173 3.9161

ii) We have Vr=76210.23 0
Receiving end current = Ir =147.618 -36.86

Is
Vs
=

D C
B A

Ir
Vr


=

0.5346 0.9096 90.514 0.0149
84.89 306.86 6 . 173 3.9161

36.86 147.618
0 76210.23

=

67 . 84 1056.9
165.87 274580

Hence, Vs=105360 volts (Phase).

Voltage Regulation of line (V. R.) = % 100
| |
| | | |
x
Vr
Vr Vs
= % 100
23 . 76210
23 . 76210 274580
x

=260.3%
iii) Receiving End power per phase=Pr=9 MW
Sending end complex power (Ss) =Vs x (Is)*
= (274580 165.87)x(1056.9 84.67)*
= (44.39+j286.8) x10
6
VA
Sending end Active Power (Ps) = 44.93 MW
Efficiency of the Line = = % 100
Pr
x
Ps
= % 100
4 . 44
9
x =20.27%
iv) The Effect of over capacitive compensation has increased the voltage regulation
drastically beyond the acceptable limit. Also the efficiency is reduced beyond the
acceptable limit. Over capacitive compensation is not desirable in the transmission
line.


4) If a similar transmission line is connected in parallel with the line.
i. Calculate new A B C D parameter of line.
ii. Calculate voltage regulation of line.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the line.
iv. Explain the effect of compensation.
Solution:
i) ABCD Parameter of a single transmission line =

1 1
1 1
D C
B A


=

0.5346 0.9095 90 0.00056
84.89 306.86 0.5346 0.9095



New ABCD parameter of two similar parallel lines =

D C
B A
=

1 1
1 1
2
2 /
D C
B A

0.5346 0.9095 90) 2x(0.00056
84.89)/2 (306.86 0.5346 0.9095

=

0.5346 0.9095 90 0.0011
84.89 153.43 0.5346 0.9095

ii) We have Vr=76210.23 0
Receiving end current = Ir =147.618 -36.86

Is
Vs
=

D C
B A

Ir
Vr


=

0.5346 0.9095 90 0.0011
84.89 153.43 0.5346 0.9095

36.86 147.618
0 76210.23

=

511 . 3 108.36
11.69 86253

Hence, Vs=86253 volts (Phase).

Voltage Regulation of line (V. R.) = % 100
| |
| | | |
x
Vr
Vr Vs
= % 100
23 . 76210
23 . 76210 86253
x

=13.17%
iii) Receiving End power per phase=Pr=9 MW
Sending end complex power (Ss) =Vs x (Is)*
= (86253 11.69)x(108.36 3.511)*
= (9.2515+j1.3308) x10
6
VA
Sending end Active Power (Ps) = 9.2515 MW
Efficiency of the Line = = % 100
Pr
x
Ps
= % 100
2515 . 9
9
x =97.2815%
iv) The effect connecting two similar parallel lines for same loading has improved
both voltage regulation as well as efficiency.



MATLAB PROGRAM FOR QUESTION NO 3
clear;
r=0.15; % ohms/km
x=1.6; % ohms/km
c=0.009; % micro farad/km
P=27e6;
pf=0.8; % pf lagging
L=200; % Line length = 200km
Vline=132*1000+0*i; %Receiving End Line voltage of load = 132Kv
w=2*pi*50; % angular frequency =2* pi * f=314
%.....Calulation of ABCD Parameter
Z=(r+x*i)*L; %toatal series Impedance
Y=0+i*w*c*L*1e-6; % total shunt addmitance
A= 1+(Z*Y)/2;
B=Z*(1+Z*Y/4);
C=Y;
D=A;
ABCD_tr_line_only=[A B ;C D]
%.......Calulation of new ABCD parameters
Cr=50e-6; %C= Capacitance per phase at receiving end
Yc=0+w*Cr*i;
ABCD_of_capacitor= [1 0;Yc 1];
ABCD_new=[A B;C D]*ABCD_of_capacitor
%........Calulation of volatge regulation
Ir=P/(sqrt(3)*Vline*pf)*(0.8+0.6i);
Vr=Vline/sqrt(3);
VrIr=[Vr Ir]'; % VrIr is a matrix that contains Vr and Ir
VsIs=ABCD_new*VrIr; % VsIs is a matrix that contains Vs and Is
Vs=VsIs(1,1); % Vs = Sending end voltage at given loading condition = first
element of VsIs matrix
Is = VsIs(2,1); %Is = sending end current at given loading condition= second
element of VsIs matrix
VoltageReulation=(abs(Vs)-abs(Vr))/abs(Vr)*100 % V. R.=(|Vs|-|Vr|)/|Vr|
%......... For Efficiency of Line
Pr=P /3e6;% Pr=Receiving end active power
%calulation of sending end active power
Ss=Vs*conj(Is)/1e6; % Ss= sending end complex power
Ps= real(Ss); % Real part of Sending end Complex Power = Ps= Sending end
active power
Efficiency_of_line = abs(Pr)/abs(Ps)*100


OUTPUT IN COMMAND WINDOW