4/10/14

1
!"#$%&' )*
+,-./"0&-% #-1 %"& 2&#%" +&-#3%4
53641 7%&8&- #-1 9-:&3# 2#;./
updaLes
Aprll 3: no Class

Aprll 2: LxLra CredlL lecLure: hll Zuckerman,
SocleLy wlLhouL Cod?" 3-6pm Allce eLers
AudlLorlum
Aprll 4: Andrew llala, hllosophlcal Anarchlsm"
lresno ClLy College, 7:30pm CA8 231

May 2: lree Angela & All Lhe ollucal rlsoners"
aL 3 p.m. ln SaLelllLe SLudenL unlon
ulalogue ro[ecL
8eporL uue: Aprll 22

Lngage aL leasL Lwo dlerenL people ln a
dlalogue abouL LACP Cl Lhe Loplcs:
euLhanasla
sexual morallLy
punlshmenL and Lhe deaLh penalLy
bloLechnology
vlolence/war
global [usuce
WhaL counLs as crlme?
CllnLon: Smoked oL
8ush: urlnklng and uul
Cbama: Choom gang
Schwarzenegger: Marl[uana and SLerolds, eLc.
roblems of 8eLrlbuuvlsm
Pow do we ensure LhaL we only punlsh Lhe
gullLy?
ls lL beuer Lo leL a few gullLy go free Lhan Lo
punlsh an lnnocenL person?

1he lnsanlLy uefense?
Pow do we esLabllsh compeLence?
Can we punlsh" people for Lhelr asoclal or
lmmoral urges (over whlch Lhey have no conLrol)?
1he roblem of lree wlll
Are our acuons based upon
Ceneucs
Lducauon
Soclal conLexL
CpporLunlLy?
Cr are we responslble for our acuons?
4/10/14
2
rlsons ln Lhe uS
1 ouL of every 34 adulLs ln
prlson or under courL
supervlslon (2.9 of
populauon)

Crlme ls down

ls lL good or bad LhaL we
have such a large prlson
populauon?
uS rlsons vs. Lhe world
u.S. accounLs for abouL 23 percenL of
Lhe world's enure prlson populauon.

rlson opulauon 8aLe
uS: 716 per 100,000.
8wanda aL 393
8ussla aL 368
8razll aL 233
Spaln aL 139
AusLralla aL 133
Chlna aL 122
uoes Lhls mauer?
8ace?
rlson opulauon per 100,000
lor whlLe males: 478
lor Launo males: 1,238
lor black males: 3,023
uo 8aclal dlsparlues mauers?
8ace and Lhe ueaLh enalLy
8lacks more llkely Lo be senLenced Lo deaLh
Lhan whlLes-especlally when Lhe vlcum ls
whlLe
19 whlLes have been execuLed for murderlng a
black vlcum
237 blacks have been execuLed for kllllng a
whlLe vlcum
uoes Lhls mauer eLhlcally?
8aclal/Class ulsparlues?
oor people geL worse lawyers-and more
prlson ume

Lx-cons can'L voLe and have a hard ume
gemng [obs

uoes prlson undermlne communlues?
CosL of rlson per year per prlsoner
u.S. average: $31,000

Callfornla: $47,000

ls lL worLh lL?
4/10/14
3
CosLs of ueaLh enalLy
Plgh cosLs of deaLh penalLy
Lrlals-lncludlng auLomauc
appeals
Plgh cosL of ueaLh 8ow
Low numbers execuLed
ls Lhe deaLh penalLy worLh lL?
Abolluon-8esLorauon-8ehablllLauon
AlLernauve
uefuse ConlcL

revenL Crlme

ls Lhere a place for mercy or forglveness?
Lxonerauons
Slnce 1973, more Lhan 140 convlcLs on deaLh
row ln Lhe unlLed SLaLes have been
exoneraLed
Slnce 1989, 302 people were proved lnnocenL
of a varleLy of crlmes, lncludlng 18 people on
deaLh row.
Mlll on Lhe ueaLh enalLy
lL ls a feared punlshmenL-so has a deLerrenL
eecL
lL ls less palnful Lhan oLher punlshmenLs (e.g.
LorLure or llfe aL hard labor)

So: lL works Lo maxlmlze good consequences
uoes Lhe ueaLh enalLy deLer?
no clear correlauon beLween deaLh penalLy
and crlme raLes
nauonal Academy of Sclence (2012):
research Lo daLe on Lhe eecL of caplLal
punlshmenL on homlclde ls noL lnformauve abouL
wheLher caplLal punlshmenL decreases, lncreases,
or has no eecL on homlclde raLes."
kanL on ueaLh enalLy
8eLrlbuuvlsm and lex Lallonls

undeserved evll whlch any one commlLs on
anoLher, ls Lo be regarded as perpeLraLed on
hlmself."
1reaL murderer as rauonal belng-and glve
hlm whaL he deserves
4/10/14
4
CaLhollc Cpposluon Lo Lhe ueaLh
enalLy
lf Lhere are oLher non-leLhal ways Lo punlsh
and resLraln murderers, use Lhem
Cur prlson sysLem works well-enough Lo
resLraln murderers and defend socleLy
Mercy and forglveness are lmporLanL values
Mercy and lorglveness
nlckel Mlnes shooung
llorlda murder
8u1: 8eLrlbuuvlsm: mercy and forglveness
glve people less Lhan whaL Lhey deserve
Pumane execuuon?
Can we behead people or
elecLrocuLe murderers?
Cr should we be more
humane ln kllllng Lhem?
1he move Lo leLhal ln[ecuon.
buL pushback from drug
manufacLurers and medlcal
professlonals
Angela ?. uavls Are rlsons CbsoleLe?
9-:&3# <= 2#;./
>= )?@@
Lvoluuon of rlsons
8eform of prevlous cruelLy of corporal
and caplLal punlshmenL
8eccarla's reform: punlshmenL should be
publlc, swl, and as lenlenL as posslble
lmprlsonmenL was formerly only used
prlor Lo punlshmenL
rlson evenLually replaced corporal/
caplLal punlshmenL
uavls, Are rlson's CbsoleLe?"
rlsons are Lyplcal of caplLallsm and bourgeols
lndlvlduallsm
LlberLy 8lghLs of lndlvldual Laken away
unlshmenL calculaLed ln ume-served (slmllar Lo
wages pald for hours worked)
rlsons allow for survelllance
8enLham's panopucon
1CuA?: Supermax prlsons and LoLal survelllance
uavls, Are rlsons CbsoleLe?"
We've moved from prlson as a house of
penlLence (penlLenuary) .

. Lo Supermax = prlson as LoLal conLrol and
survelllance

Could we evolve furLher! beyond prlsons?

We have evolved beyond corporal and caplLal
punlshmenL-WhaL's nexL?
4/10/14
3
uavls, Are rlsons CbsoleLe?"
AlLernauve Lo prlson ls dlmculL Lo lmaglne
glven our ublqulLous prlson sysLem

8lSCn-lnuuS18lAL CCMLLx
lL ls a seL of symblouc relauonshlps among
correcuonal communlues, Lransnauonal
corporauons, medla conglomeraLes, guards'
unlons, and leglslauve and courL agendas"
uavls, Are rlsons CbsoleLe?"
oslung decarcerauon as our
overarchlng sLraLegy, we would Lry
Lo envlslon a conunuum of
alLernauves Lo lmprlsonmenL-
demlllLarlzauon of schools,
revlLallzauon of educauon aL all
levels, a healLh sysLem LhaL
provldes free physlcal and menLal
care Lo all, and a [usuce sysLem
based on reparauon and
reconclllauon raLher Lhan
reLrlbuuon and vengeance."
!"#$$%& (& )$&*
+$,-. (%*-./(01-
*$ +.2&$/
uavls, Are rlsons CbsoleLe?"
uecrlmlnallze drug use and sex
work
Make drug LreaLmenL
aordable for all
uecrlmlnallze lmmlgrauon
See punlshmenL" as a soclal
consLrucLed cholce LhaL proLs
some (polluclans, corporauons,
eLc.)
uavls, Are rlsons CbsoleLe?"
1here are more lawbreakers
Lhan Lhere are crlmlnals
Lx. 8lll CllnLon smoked poL!
8lack and 8rown communlues
have been crlmlnallzed"
need for reparauon and
reconclllauon
Lloyd SLeen: !usL Lxecuuon"
Common AgreemenLs (cf. naLural
Law)
8aslc lnLrlnslc value of llfe =Llfe
oughL Lo be pro[ecLed and noL
desLroyed wlLhouL good reason
Lhe sLaLe oughL ordlnarlly Lo
refraln from kllllng lLs cluzens"

SC: resumpuon agalnsL u= lL
needs speclal [usucauon


53641 7%&8&-
>= )?*)
Lloyd SLeen: !usL Lxecuuon"
1. Lxecuuon musL be leglumaLely auLhorlzed.
2. !usL cause musL be esLabllshed.
3. 1he mouvauon musL be [usuce, noL
vengeance.
4. Lxecuuons musL be admlnlsLered falrly
3. 1he deaLh penalLy should express cherlshed
values, and noL subverL Lhe value of llfe
6. Lxecuuons oughL noL Lo be cruel
7. Lxecuuon oughL Lo be a lasL resorL
8. Lxecuuon oughL Lo resLore a value
equlllbrlum dlsLorLed by Lhe wrongdolng.
9. Lxecuuon should be a proporuonaLe
response
lf all nlne are
meL, Lhen
execuuon can be
[usued
4/10/14
6
Lloyd SLeen, !usL Lxecuuon"
ln Lhe u.S., execuuons are rare (= excepuonal)
SC: Moral presumpuon agalnsL Lhe use of Lhe
deaLh penalLy"
ueaLh enalLy ls llmlLed (and leglumaLed) by
Lhe legal auLhorlLy of Lhe ConsuLuuon ! and
lL prohlblLs vlgllanLe [usuce (lynchlng, eLc.)
u ls noL vengeance-buL [usuce
Lloyd SLeen, !usL Lxecuuon"
lalrness (e.g. race)-was cause for
moraLorlum (lurman v. Ceorgla, 1972)
u expresses value of llfe
u musL noL be cruel (cf. leLhal ln[ecuon)
u ls lasL resorL (for excepuonal cases)
u resLores balance (reLrlbuuvlsm)
u ls proporuonaLe = only for murder
Lloyd SLeen, !usL Lxecuuon"
ls Lhe u sysLem [usuable ln llghL of Lhe nlne
crlLerla?
nC
Lx. +6$& A6"- +#,3 BB: Lhere ls no lasL resorL" ln
mosL cases
caplLal punlshmenL ls noL necessary for such
socleLal proLecuon-we have oLher means Loday
Lo assure publlc safeLy"
Lloyd SLeen, !usL Lxecuuon"
My own examlnauon of Lhe deaLh
penalLy has led me Lo conclude LhaL
glven Lhe sLrlcL requlremenLs of Lhe
Lheory, no execuuon ln Amerlca as
parL of Lhe execuuon sysLem can
posslbly meeL all of Lhe crlLerla, so
no execuuon ls morally [usued.
WhaL ls slgnlcanL abouL Lhls
sLaLemenL ls LhaL lL represenLs a
morally moderaLe concluslon, slnce
one can oppose caplLal punlshmenL
yeL sull amrm LhaL Lhere are
slLuauons where Lhe sLaLe can acL
Lo klll a cluzen and do so [usuably"