Exam of DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

26/06/2013
Use separate numbered sheets for each question.
Write your name on every sheet. Fasten the sheets by a STAPLER.
The use of communication devices (mobile phones, laptops, etc.) is
prohibited. Books, notes, pocket calculators are allowed.
Available time: 90 minutes.
1. Find the analytic signal and the in-phase and quadrature components corresponding to
the signal x(t) = cos(12t) + 2 sin(16t) assuming a carrier frequency f
c
= 7.
2. Consider a binary modulation scheme represented by the following signals:
s
1
(t) = u(t) +u(t 0.3) 2u(t 1), s
2
(t) = u(t) 2u(t 0.6) +u(t 1).
Here, u(t) = 1
t>0
, i.e., u(t) = 1 for t > 0 and 0 otherwise, and the symbol time is
normalized to T = 1. The transmitted signals are equiprobable.
(a) Plot the two signals.
(b) Calculate the average bit energy.
(c) Calculate the squared distance of the signals.
(d) Calculate the error probability over the AWGN channel as a function of E
b
/N
0
as-
suming equiprobable signals.
3. Consider the modulated signal x(t) =

n
a
n
(t nT) where the transmitted symbols a
n
are stationary with zero mean and correlated as follows:
E[a
n+m
a
n
] =

1 m = 0
0.3 m = 1
0 otherwise
and T is the symbol time. Moreover, assume (f) = T1
|f|<1/T
(Fourier transform of the
modulation pulse (t)).
(a) Calculate the power density spectrum of x(t).
(b) Calculate the fraction of power contained in the Shannon bandwidth with respect to
the total signal power.
SOLUTION
1. The analytic signal is
x(t) = e
j12t
j2e
j16t
.
The complex envelope is
x(t) = e
j2t
j2e
j2t
.
The in-phase and quadrature components are:

x
c
(t) = cos(2t) + 2 sin(2t)
x
s
(t) = sin(2t) 2 cos(2t)
2. (a)
(b) The energies of the two signals are:
E
1
= 0.3 1 + 0.7 4 = 3.1, E
2
= 1.
Thus, E
b
= 2.05.
(c) The squared minimum distance is
d
2
min
= 0.3 1 + 0.4 9 = 3.9.
(d) Since d
2
min
/(2E
b
) = 0.9512, we have P(e) = Q(

0.9512E
b
/N
0
).
3. (a) We have
S
a
(f) = 1 + 0.6 cos(2fT).
Hence, G
x
(f) = T[1 + 0.6 cos(2fT)]1
|f|<1/T
.
(b) The power contained in the Shannon bandwidth is:

+1/(2T)
1/(2T)
G
x
(f)df = 1.
The total power is:

+1/T
1/T
G
x
(f)df = 2.
Thus, the fraction of power contained in the Shannon bandwidth is 50%.