Isotopes of tungsten - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Naturally occurring tungsten (atomic symbol W) consists of four stable isotopes (182W, 183W, 184W, and 186W) and one isotope,
180
W, with an extremely long half-life of 1.8 0.2 Ea (1018 years). On average, two alpha decays of 180W occur per gram of
natural tungsten per year.
33 artificial radioisotopes of tungsten have been characterized with mass numbers ranging from 157 to 194, the most stable of
which are 181W with a half-life of 121.2 days, 185W with a half-life of 75.1 days, 188W with a half-life of 69.4 days and 178W with
a half-life of 21.6 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than 24 hours, and most of these have
half-lives that are less than 8 minutes. Tungsten also has 11 meta states with mass numbers of 158, 179, with 3, 180, with 2, 183,
185, 186, with 2, and 190, the most stable being 179m1W (t 6.4 minutes).
Standard atomic mass: 183.84(1) u

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nuclide Z(p) N(n) isotopic mass (u)

symbol
excitation energy
158

74

158m

1889(8) keV

159

84 157.97456(54)#

half-life

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten

[n 1]

1.37(17) ms

85 158.97292(43)#

8.2(7) ms

74

86 159.96848(22)

90(5) ms

74

87 160.96736(21)#

409(16) ms

74

88 161.963497(19)

1.36(7) s

74

89 162.96252(6)

2.8(2) s

74

90 163.958954(13)

6.3(2) s

74

91 164.958280(27)

5.1(5) s

74

92 165.955027(11)

19.2(6) s

74

93 166.954816(21)

19.9(5) s

74

94 167.951808(17)

51(2) s

169

74

95 168.951779(17)

76(6) s

170

74

96 169.949228(16)

2.42(4) min

74

97 170.94945(3)

2.38(4) min

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

W
W
W

171

154

Hf

143(19) s

74

decay
daughter nuclear
[1][n 2]
mode(s)
isotope(s)[n 3] spin
0+
8+
(82%)

155

Hf

+ (18%)

159

Ta

(87%)

156

Hf

+ (14%)

160

Ta

(73%)

157

Hf

+ (23%)

161

Ta

+ (53%)

162

Ta

(47%)

158

Hf

+ (59%)

163

Ta

(41%)

159

Hf

+ (97.4%)

164

Ta

(2.6%)

160

Hf

+ (99.8%)

165

Ta

(.2%)

161

Hf

+ (99.96%)

166

Ta

(.035%)

162

Hf

+ (>99.9%)

167

Ta

(<.1%)

163

Hf

+ (99.99%)

168

Ta

(.0319%)

164

Hf

169

+(99%)

170

Ta

(1%)

166

Hf

171

(5/2-)

172

0+

Ta

Ta

7/2-#

0+

7/2-#

0+

3/2-#

0+

3/2-#

0+

3/2-#

0+
(5/2-)
0+

172

74

98 171.94729(3)

6.6(9) min

173

74

99 172.94769(3)

7.6(2) min

173

5/2-

174

74 100 173.94608(3)

33.2(21) min

174

0+

175

74 101 174.94672(3)

35.2(6) min

175

Ta

(1/2-)

176

74 102 175.94563(3)

2.5(1) h

EC

176

Ta

0+

177

74 103 176.94664(3)

132(2) min

177

Ta

1/2-

178

74 104 177.945876(16)

21.6(3) d

EC

178

Ta

0+

179

74 105 178.947070(17)

37.05(16) min

179

IT (99.72%)

179

179

Ta

W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W

179m1

221.926(8) keV

6.40(7) min

representative
range of natural
isotopic
variation
composition
(mole fraction)
(mole fraction)

(.28%)

Ta
Ta
Ta

Ta

(7/2)(1/2)-

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten

179m2

1631.90(8) keV

390(30) ns

(21/2+)

179m3

3348.45(16) keV

750(80) ns

(35/2-)

180

W[n 4]

74 106 179.946704(4)

1.8(0.2)1018 a

176

Hf

0+

IT

180

8-

EC

181

180m1

1529.04(3) keV

5.47(9) ms

180m2

3264.56(21) keV

2.33(19) s

14-

181

74 107 180.948197(5)

182

74 108 181.9482042(9)

Observationally Stable [n 5]

74 109 182.9502230(9)

[n 6]

W
W

183

183m

309.493(3) keV

121.2(2) d

Observationally Stable
5.2(3) s

184

74

110 183.9509312(9)

185

74

111 184.9534193(10) 75.1(3) d

W
W

185m

197.43(5) keV

186

74

1517.2(6) keV

18(1) s

186m2

3542.8(21) keV

>3 ms

188

Ta

[n 7]

9/2+
0+

0.2650(16)

1/2-

0.1431(4)

11/2+
0+

185

Re

3/2-

IT

185

11/2+

Observationally Stable [n 8]

112 185.9543641(19)

W
74

183

Observationally Stable

186m1

187

IT

1.597(4) min

0+

113 186.9571605(19) 23.72(6) h

3/2-

74

114 187.958489(4)

69.78(5) d

188

0+

189

74

115 188.96191(21)

11.6(3) min

189

(3/2-)

190

74

116 189.96318(18)

30.0(15) min

190

0+

W
W

190m

2381(5) keV

Re
Re
Re
Re

<3.1 ms

(10-)

191

74

117 190.96660(21)#

20# s
[>300 ns]

3/2-#

192

74

118 191.96817(64)#

10# s
[>300 ns]

0+

W
W

0.2843(19)

(16+)
187

0.3064(2)

(7-)
-

0.0012(1)

1. ^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
2. ^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
3. ^ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
4. ^ Primordial radionuclide
5. ^ Believed to undergo decay to 178Hf with a half-life over 1.701020 years
6. ^ Believed to undergo decay to 179Hf with a half-life over 801018 years
7. ^ Believed to undergo decay to 180Hf with a half-life over 1801018 years
8. ^ Believed to undergo decay to 182Hf with a half-life over 4.11018 years

Notes
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak
assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one
standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

1. ^ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx

Isotope masses from:

G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten

decay properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.

Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Bhlke, P. De Bivre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003).
"Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/75
/6/0683/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683 (http://dx.doi.org
/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683).
M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://iupac.org/publications
/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 20512066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051). Lay summary (http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomicweights_revised05.html).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and
decay properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.
Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/). Brookhaven National
Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).
CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of tantalum

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Isotopes of rhenium

Table of nuclides

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