Exam 4 BSE

History Labor Conflict (604-610)

Union Auto or!"rs (UA)
S"r#ic" Em$loy""s %nt"rnation Union (SE%U) - nurs"s& s"curity 'uar(s& )anitors& "tc*
A+L-C%, - Am"rican +"("ration of Labor an( Con'r"ss of %n(ustrial or!"rs
-ni'.ts of Labor
Recent Trends
- /ra(itional unions un("rcut by c."a$"r labor abroa( an( ("cr"as"s in manufacturin'0
construction from lac! of in#"stm"nt an( $ri#at" consum$tion
- A+L-C%, is for tra(itional manuifacturin'& contstruction& trans$ortation 1S* C.an'" to
in f"("ration -2 t3o lar'"st
- Union su$$ort .as b""n ("clinin' o#"r $ast f"3 y"ars* 4ublic s"ctor unions .a#"
stron'"r su$$ort& .o3"#"r*
- +a#orabl" union con(itions (lo3"rin' $ay& cuttin' b"n"fits& "tc)& but still (ro$ in
m"mb"rs.i$& $ossibly (u" to union corru$tion
History
- /ransition from a'rarian to in(ustrial soci"ty5 3or!"rs $ai( #"ry& #"ry littl" for lon'
.ours& c.il(r"n 3or!"(& .orribl" 3or!in' con(itions*
- 6ic. $"o$l" 3"r" 3"alt.y b"yon( ("scri$tion
- -ni'.ts of labor& first ma)or or'ani7ation a(mittin' 3or!"rs of any occu$ation& '"n("r&
nationality* 8o 'ambl"rs& ban!"rs& stoc!bro!"rs& an( li9uor ("al"rs* :"(icat"( to social
r"form& but 'oals 3"r" to broa( an( far to 'i#" imm"(iat" r"li"f* Bi' (i#isions in
$.iloso$.y brou'.t t."m (o3n*
- A+L-C%, 3"r" fi"rc" ri#als but )oin"( in 1;<<
Unions and the Developing Law
- 8orris-La=uar(ia Act (1;>?) @r"straint of tra("A in S."rman Antitrust Act (1B;0) (i(
not inclu(" labor or'ani7ations
- a'n"r Act (1;><)& ami( risin' t"nsions& 'a#" 3or!"rs for t." first tim" t." un"9ui#ocal
ri'.t to or'ani7" an( "n'a'" in conc"rt"( acti#iti"s for t."ir mutual ai( an( b"n"fit*
%nclu("(& 3"r" ill"'al unfair labor $ractic"s* Also "stablis."( 8ational Labor 6"lations
Boar( (8L6B)
- Lan(rum-=riffin Act (1;<;) r"9uir"( unions to !""$ r"cor(s of t."ir fun(s& an(
$ro.ibits unions from l"n(in' mon"y& "xc"$t un("r s$"cial circumstanc"s (r"(uc"s
corru$tion)* Also cr"at"( bill of ri'.ts for union m"mb"rs by r"9uirin' union m""tin's&
m"mb"rs can s$"a! an( #ot"& all "m$loy""s co#"r"( by coll"cti#" bar'ainin' a'r""m"nt
can s"" sai( a'r""m"nt& an( any 3or!"r 3.o '"ts (isci$linary actions '"ts a r"ason C
."arin'*
El"ctions for Labor Unions
1) C.oosin' a Bar'ainin' 6"$r"s"ntati#"
8L6B r"9uir"s5 "m$loy"" fr""(om of c.oic" an( stabl" coll"cti#" bar'ainin'
Election Petition
- A union& "m$loy""& or "m$loy"r b"'ins a $"tition 3it. t." 8L6B* 4"tition is s"nt to
"m$loy"r to notify t."m& an( "m$loy"r must $ost notic" to "m$loy""s
- Em$loy"r can ac!no3l"('" union int"r"st an( "n'a'" in bar'ainin'5 voluntary
recognition
- Som"tim"s& union n""(s to s.o3 ma)ority su$$ort of "m$loy""s* Us" car( c."c!
m"t.o(& 3."r" "m$loy""s si'n aut.ori7ation car(s*
- %f un("r car( c."c!& antiunion "m$loy""s .a#" 4< (ays to $"tition t." boar( for a s"cr"t
ballot to decertify t." union& or su$$ort a ri#al union* B"for" court cas" (:ana
Cor$oration0D"tal(yn")& must .a#" 3ait"( 1? mont.s for t." "l"ction*
- %f r"co'nition fail"(& 8L6B r"9uir"s at l"ast >0E of "m$loy""s in bar'ainin' unit (in
$ractic"& <0-6<E*
Before Election
- 8L6B must a((r"ss5 is $ro$os"( bar'ainin' unit a$$ro$riat" for t." "l"ction ($r"#ious
unions& timin' of "l"ction& "tc*)
Appropriate Bargaining Unit
- Establis."( by community int"r"st amon' "m$loy""s
- Dust .a#" common int"r"sts -2 stability
- Su$"r#isors ar" not inclu("(& b"caus" t." act on b".alf of "m$loy"r* %nclu("s t.os" t.at
(u" su$"r#isor tas!s 10-1<E of t." tim"
- 8L6A (o"s not co#"r in("$"n("nt contractors (+"("x (ri#"rs not inclu("()
Solicitation
- Lechmere court cas" (1;;?)5 "m$loy"rs (o not .a#" to allo3 union or'ani7"rs on t."ir
$ro$"rty t.at ar"nFt also "m$loy""s
- Salts G union or'ani7"rs a$$lyin' 3it. int"ntion of unioni7in'* Em$loy"rs canFt
(iscriminat" on t.is*
- S"" almart cas"
Election for Union Representation
- ,nly ma)ority of t.os" at t." "l"ction is n""("(
- 8L6B monitors to ma!" t."m fr"" of un(u"0unfair influ"nc" from "m$loy"r or any
numb"r of unions
- 6acist $ro$a'an(a G s"ttin' asi(" "l"ction
- Disr"$r"s"ntation us"( to b" a r"ason& but not anymor"* 8o3& bur("n on t." $arti"s to
corr"ct misr"$r"s"ntations* 8L6B only int"r#"n"s if misr"$* %s too ("c"$ti#" (for'"(
(ocum"nts) for $arti"s to t"ll*
- Em$loy"rs can s$"a! out a'ainst unions 3it. a(s& s$""c."s& "tc* -2 /aft-Hartl"y Act
Threats of Reprisal or Force Pro!ise of Benefit
- Em$loy"r cannot (iscriminat"0$unis. t.os" for union acti#ity
- Stat"m"nts bas"( on ob)"cti#" facts not un("r mana'"m"nt control ar" o!ay
- 4romis"s (from "m$loy"r) ar" also unla3ful b"caus" t."y can influ"nc" t." "l"ction
- Dulti-A( Court cas"
Union Pers"asion
- Unions also limit"( in $r""l"ction $"rsuasion
- Unions .a#" mor" fl"xibility 3it. $romis" of b"n"fit
Re!edies for Election #iscond"ct
- 8"3 "l"ction can b" call"( for
Decertification
$ Aft"r union r"co'ni7"(& "m$loy""s can r"sist t." union or los" confi("nc"
- +il" a ("c"rtification $"tition 3it. 8L6B* Dust s.o3 >0EC su$$ort
- El"ction for if t." union stays*
- %f ("c"rtifi"(& usually on" y"ar b"for" n"3 r"$r"s"ntation "l"ction*
%ithdrawal of Recognition
- Em$loy"r can 3it.(ra3 r"co'nition of union if ma)ority of "m$loy""s (onFt su$$ort
(n""(s ob)"cti#" "#i("nc"& li!" $"tition)
- 4"tition lan'ua'" must s.o3 "m$loy"" ("sir" to ("clin" r"$r"s"ntation
Escaping the Union
- Dana'"m"nt can ("clar" ban!ru$tcy to "sca$" union aft"r "l"ction
- La3lful only aft"r sinc"r" bar'ainin' an( con#incin' ban!ru$tcy court t.at fairn"ss
r"9uir"s mo(ification or r")"ction of a'r""m"nt
- Com$any can also )ust s.ut(o3n* ,nly unla3ful if t." only r"ason 3as to (iscoura'"
union "fforts at ot."r $lac"s
- Runaway shop & closin' an almost unioni7"( $lant an( o$"nin' "ls"3."r" t.atFs l"ss
union int"r"st"(* %f t." mo#" is to t.3art union int"r"st& unla3ful* ,t."r3is"& la3ful*
Union as E'cl"sive Bargaining Agent
- Union is "xclusi#" a'"nt
- :"t"rmin"s if an "m$loy"r .as fail"( to ("monstrat" 'oo( fait. 3.il" bar'ainin'
- Em$loy"r must ("al 3it. r"$r"s"ntati#" for t." unit* Em$loy"r cannot ("al 3it.
som"on" "ls"& or (ir"ctly to t." "m$loy""s
Coll"cti#" Bar'ainin'
- 6"9uir"s $arti"s to m""t at r"asonabl" tim"s an( conf"r in 'oo( fait. 3it. r"s$"ct to
3a'"s& .ours& an( ot."r t"rms an( con(itions of "m$loym"nt* :,ES 8,/ r"9uir" t."m
to r"ac. an a'r""m"nt
Bargaining in (ood Faith
1) Em$loy"r must ma!" s"rious att"m$t to a()ust (iff"r"nc"s an( r"ac. common 'roun(*
Dust .a#" o$"n min( an( 3ant to r"ac. a'r""m"nt
?) Count"r$ro$osals 3."n ot."r $artyFs $ro$osal is r")"ct"(
>) 4osition on contract t"rms cannot b" r"$"at"(ly c.an'"(
#andatory Bargaining S")*ects
- a'"s& Hours& ,t."r t"rms an( con(itions of "m$loym"nt
- Still many 9u"stions on .o3 ("tail"( (iscussions n""( to b"
- ="n"rally& balanc" > factors5 "ff"ct of ("cision on 3or!"rs (.o3 (ir"ct& 3.at "xt"nt is it
f"lt)& ("'r"" to 3.ic. t." bar'ainin' 3oul( cr"at" an intrusion into "ntr"$r"n"urial
int"r"st0union affairs& an( .istoric $ractic" at com$any or in(ustry*
Per!issive and Prohi)ited Bargaining S")*ects
- (3.at "ls" can b" (iscuss"(H)
- /."s" sub)"cts cannot b" $ursu"( so muc. t.at it bloc!s bar'ainin'
- 6"fusal to bar'ain (o"s not #iolat" t." 8L6A
- %nclu("s alt"ration of bar'ainin' unit& int"rnal union affairs& an( stri!" s"ttl"m"nts
- S"" Col'at"04almoli#" cas"
A(minist"rin' t." A'r""m"nt
- Constantly r"sol#in' grievances (Col'at"04alm ,li#") 22 informal (iscussion& t."n
3ritt"n com$laint& t."n com$laint s.o3n to mana'"m"nt by r"$r"s"ntati#"
Ar)itration
- %f n"'otiation fails& a'r""m"nt $ro#i("s for final and binding arbitration& unl"ss
s$"cifically "x"m$ts t.is
- Exc"$t for rar" "xc"$tions& $arti"s cannot as! courts to s"t asi(" arbitration ("cision
Fair Representation
$ Union is to $roc"ss all 'ri"#anc"s& inclu(in' t.at of "m$loy"r
- Union may coll"cti#"ly bar'ain for a'r""m"nt if in(i#i(ual m"mb"rsF "m$loym"nt
(iscrimination claims ar" submitt"( to arbitration*
Stri!"s
Unfair La)or practice stri+es, Ex5 "m$loy"r int"rf"rin' 3it. union acti#iti"s or not
bar'ainin' in 'oo( fait* Stri!"rs can b" t"m$orarily& but not $"rman"ntly& r"$lac"(
Econo!ic stri+es, ("#"ryt.in' "ls")* Us"( as "conomic 3"a$ons to $"rsua(" "m$loy"rs
for b"tt"r b"n"fits or 3or!in' con(itions* Stri!"rs cannot usually b" fir"(& but can b"
$"rman"ntly r"$lac"(*
- 6"a'an (ismiss"( 11&>00 air traffic controll"rs in 1;B1* Da(" $ri#at" com$ani"s r"ass"s
t."ir r"luctanc" to us" r"$lac"m"nts (urin' an( aft"r stri!"s*
- S"" :iamon( alnut =ro3"rs cas"
Pic+eting and Boycotts
$ 4ic!"tin' $ublici7"s t."ir conc"rns an( $r"ssur"s "m$loy"rs* -in( of li!" $rot"stin'
- 4rimary $ic!"tin' is aim"( (ir"ctly at "m$loy"r t.at t."y .a#" (is$ut" 3it.* Cannot b"
#iol"nt or co"rci#"*
- S"con(ary 4ic!"tin' is (ir"ct"( at anot."r $arty t.at can t.r"at"n0$ut $r"ssur" on t."
main $arty* ="n"rally& t.is is unla3ful*
Loc+o"ts
- Dana'"m"nt loc!s (oors to som" or all of "m$loy""s
- Allo3"( to $r"#"nt sabota'" or #iol"nc"& but cannot b" ("si'n"( to int"rf"r" 3it.
l"'itimat" union acti#ity
- Loc!outs .a#" com" u$ a lot in s$orts r"c"ntly
Consum"r 4rot"ction
State Laws
- Ho3 'o#"rnm"ntal m"asur"s $ro#i(" s."lt"r in t." mar!"t$lac"
- 4ay(ay loans an( l"mon sal"s ar" r"'ulat"(
- L"mon sal"s5 r"9uir"( in all stat"s for consum"r 3.os" n"3 #".icl"s ar" ("f"cti#"*
.at 9ualifi"s as a l"mon car (iff"rs from stat" to stat"* /y$ically& #".icl" must b"
r"turn"( to t." manufactur"r or ("al"r >-4 tim"s for r"$air or t." #".icl" 3as una#ailabl"
for >0C (ays out of 1? mont.s*
- S"" Si$" 1* or!.ors" Custom C.assis
Federal Laws and -ons"!er Protection Agencies
- -ons"!er Financial Protection B"rea",
Cr"at"( as a (ir"ct r"s$ons" to r"c"nt financial calamity*
Aut.ori7"( by t." ?010 :o((-+ran! all Str""t 6"form an( Consum"r 4rot"ction
Act*
Enforc"s rul"s on consum"r financial $ro(ucts an( s"r#ic"s* Also $romot"s Am"rican
financial lit"racy
Bur"auFs n"3 rul"s sub)"ct to cost0b"n"fit r"#i"3s& an( can b" s"t asi(" by ?0> #ot"
from +inancial Stability ,#"rsi'.t Council
,$$on"nts ar" 3orri"( 'o#"rnm"nt r"'ulation 3ill r"(uc" t." a#ailability of cr"(it
- Federal Trade -o!!ission
Cr"at"( in 1;14 to $r"#"nt @unfair m"t.o(s of com$"tition an( unfair or ("c"$ti#"
acts or $ractic"s in an( aff"ctin' comm"rc"A*
An unfair tra(" $ractic"5 1) Li!"ly to caus" substantial in)ury to consum"rs ?) must
not b" r"asonably a#oi(abl" by consum"rs >) must not b" out3"i'."( by
count"r#ailin' b"n"fits to consum"rs or com$"tition
Iuality Claims5 @f"3"r calori"sA& @mor" "ff"cti#"A& "tc* Day b" ("c"$ti#"& unl"ss
factually su$$ortabl"*
Has a lot of rul"-ma!in' $o3"r5 :o8otCall 6"'istry an( r"straints conc"rnin'
c"l"brity& "x$"rt& an( consum"r r"#i"3s0"n(ors"m"nts (if t."yFr" misl"a(in' or fals")
+/C can in#"sti'at" sus$icious tra(" $ractic"s (as a r"sult of a com$laint& or on t."ir
o3n)* +/C cannot c.ar'" any criminal sanctions
- -ons"!er Prod"ct Safety -o!!ission
4rot"cts from unr"asonabl" ris! of in)ury an( ("at. from $ro(ucts
Un("rstaff"(0un("rfun("( -2 4ublic attac! on ?00J r"call of .i'. l"#"ls of l"a( in
toys
,$$on"nts ar'u" t.at C4SC rul"s mi'.t b" too "x$"nsi#" (cost #s* B"n"fit)
="n"rally $lac"s rul"s an( or("rs r"calls& but rar"ly (o"s bans (suc. as (ro$ si("
baby cribs)
- Food and Dr"g Ad!inistration
:"ci("s 3."n (ru's ar" allo3"( to "nt"r t." mar!"t (only 3."n b"n"fits 2 costs)
+:A $ass"s #"ry f"3 (ru's "#"ry y"ar& to muc. criticism (too $ic!y an( slo3)* But
t." ar'um"nt is t.at $"o$l"Fs li#"s ar" at sta!"
6"'ulat"s tobacco 22 canFt b" a(#"rtis"( to minors& cannot us" most fla#orin'& an(
t"rms li!" @li'.tA& @lo3A& an( @mil(A*
+oo( saf"ty r"'ulation to $r"#"nt foo( $oisonin' outbr"a!s* Dost of r"s$onsibility on
farm"rs an( foo( com$ani"s
+:A .in("r"( by lar'" amount of im$orts* 8o man$o3"r0fun(s to #isit for"i'n
$lants
$ -ons"!er Privacy
Dars.alls #uln"rability l"a( to 40 million car( numb"rs stol"n
%("ntity /."ft aff"cts 1< million Am"ricans at a cost of K<0 billion& annually
Com$ani"s $ay an a#"ra'" of K6*6 million to r"stor" t."ir bran(
%nt"rnational Et.ics an( La3s
- =lobali7ation is br"a!in' (o3n national boun(ari"s by allo3in' fr"" int"rc.an'" of
$"o$l"& communications& s"r#ic"s& 'oo(s& busin"ss& in#"stm"nts& an( i("as
- =lobal lo'os& suc. as Coca-Cola an( Dc:onal(s
- Ho3 (o"s la3 aff"ct 'lobal busin"ssH
The .nternational Environ!ent
- orl( /ra(" ,r'ani7ation .as 1<> m"mb"rs of #aryin' $olitical an( "conomic $arti"s*
All 3ant to furt."r t."ir national an( 'lobal "conomy
- /, b"li"#"s r"(uction of tariffs an( barri"rs to tra(" 3ill cr"at" "conomic 'ro3t.
Trade /egotiations
- Unit"( Stat"s an( EU .a#" .u'" (om"stic farm subsi(y $ro'rams* :"#"lo$in' nations
ob)"ct b"caus" t." subsi(i"s allo3 ric. nations to floo( t." 'lobal mar!"t an( im$"("
("#"lo$in' nations t.at r"ly on a'ricultur" for "x$orts
- Unit"( Stat"s $us. C.ina to lo3"r tariffs on manufactur"( 'oo(s
- African nations $us. Am"rican cotton subsi(i"s as t."y caus" many 'ro3"rs to suff"r in
$o#"rty
Trade /egotiations
$ Dany r"'ional tra(" a'r""m"nts5 ="n"ral A'r""m"nt on /ariffs an( /ra(" (=A//) an(
8ort. Am"rica +r"" /ra(" A'r""m"nt (8A+/A)*
- 6"'ional common mar!"ts5 DE6C,SU6 Common Dar!"t an( East African
Community*
E"ropean Union
$ EU is ma(" u$ of ?J countri"s& 3it. constant str"am of n"3 a$$licants
- Dor" $o$ulation t.an US& an( lar'"r =:4
(lo)ali0ation and -o"ntervailing Forces
- =lobali7ation is not uniformly b"n"ficial
- +r"" tra(" can (isru$t cultural an( .istorical i("ntiti"s& as 3"ll as s$r"a( (is"as"
- Som" $olitical structur"s ar" not com$atibl" 3it. som" "conomic structur"s
Ethics Across .nternational Borders
- 6"li'ion oft"n $ro#i("s t." foun(ation for a cultur"Fs "t.ical structur"
- S"$aration of c.urc. an( stat" is !"y in t." USA& but (o"snFt "xist in %slamic countri"s
- Crim"s in %slam5 Ha( (f"loni"s& $r" "stablis."( $unis.m"nts)& /a7ir (mis("m"anors&
"m$.asis on soci"tal or $ublic int"r"st)& I"sas (com$"nsation 'i#"n to #ictim as
@r"#"n'"A) ---2 1"ry (iff"r"nt
Laws and Social /or!s for Dress
- US $ro.ibits "#"n $artial $ublic nu(ity* Dany sc.ools ."r" .a#" (r"ss co("s
- %n ?010& +ranc" $ro.ibit"( $"o$l" from conc"alin' t."ir fac"s* (mostly aff"cts Duslims&
but int"nt is un!no3n)
Social Responsi)ility to Host -o"ntry
- :o"s a firm .a#" social r"s$onsibility to t." .ost country b"yon( 3.at is r"9uir"( by
t." mar!"t an( t." la3 of t.at countryH
- /.in!5 lar'" com$ani"s t.at outsourc" c."a$ labor& li!" 8i!"* %s t."r" any r"s$onsibility
for t." countri"s 3it. t." s3"ats.o$sH 8ot"& it may not al3ays b" in t." countryFs b"st
int"r"st to acc"$t r"s$onsibility (no c.il( labor& "tc*)
S")standard %or+ing -onditions 1sweatshops2
$ +r"" mar!"t "conomists ar'u" t.at s3"ats.o$s ar" n"c"ssary an( b"n"ficial* All
in(ustriali7"( nations .a( a s3"ats.o$ sta'" t.at 3as n"c"ssary as it l"#"ra'"s
com$arati#" a(#anta'" (c."a$ labor #s* E(ucat"( 3or!forc" in ("#"lo$"( nations)*
Social Responsi)ility to Ho!e -o"ntry
$ US r"9uir"s firms to follo3 /itl" 1%% of Ci#il 6i'.ts Act of 1;64 (1;;1 Am"n(m"nt)*
.il" '"n("r (iscrimination may b" $r"#al"nt in t." mi((l" "ast& firms cannot
(iscriminat" - unl"ss it #iolat"s a .ost countryFs la3s*
The Foreign -orr"pt Practices Act 1F-PA2
$ 4ro.ibits US busin"ss from ma!in' $aym"nts or 'ifts to officials for t." $ur$os" of
influ"ncin' busin"ss ("cisions
- .istl"blo3"rs r"c"i#" 10 to >0 $"rc"nt of any fin" coll"ct"( by t." 'o#"rnm"nt
Social Responsi)ility to H"!anity
- As 'lobali7ation s$r"a(s& 3ill 3" .a#" 'lobal stan(ar(sH Can 3" still a$$r"ciat"
(i#"rsityH
- Unit"( 8ations .as s"t uni#"rsal .uman ri'.ts& labor stan(ar(s& "n#ironm"nt $rot"ction&
an( corru$tion stan(ar(s* ,t."r "xam$l"s ar" $r"#al"nt
-opyright
- =o#"rnm"nt 'rant 'i#in' t." .ol("r "xclusi#" control o#"r t." r"$ro(uction of a
lit"rary& musical& or artistic 3or!* %n t." US& t.is is aut.orFs lif" C J0 y"ars*
- Curr"ntly .ar( to "nforc" int"rnationally - a lot of $iratin'
- Lib"l tourists5 US aut.or su"( by Sau(i Arabian un("r Britis. Lib"l court& 3.ic. is
muc. mor" l"ni"nt t.an Am"ricas* /.is is $"rmitt"( b"caus" t." boo!s 3"r" a#ailabl" an(
$urc.as"( in t." U-* /." ("f"n(ant (aut.or) .as to $ro#i(" "#i("nc" t.at t." stat"m"nts
3"r" tru"& but is limit"( as to 3.at counts as "#i("nc"*
- US c"l"briti"s ($ublic fi'ur"s) .a#" to $ro#" actual malic" to 3in a lib"l suit
- %n ?010& Con'r"ss $ass"( t." S"curin' t." 4rot"ction of our En(urin' an( Establis."(
Constitutional H"rita'" (S4EECH) Act t.at ma!"s for"i'n lib"l )u('m"nts un"nforc"abl"
in t." US& if t.at "nforc"m"nt 3oul( #iolat" fr"" s$""c. ri'.ts*
Dole 3 Dow 4s5 /icarag"an wor+ers
- A c."mical t.at 3as lin!"( to st"rility in 3or!"rs 3as bann"( in t." US* :o3& t."
$ro(uc"r& ("ci("( to s"ll t." r"mainin' amount to :ol" to us" in C"ntral Am"rica banana
$lantations*
- Aft"r US 3or!"rs t.at b"cam" st"ril" 3on cas"s& firms b"'an cas"s for 3or!"rs in
for"i'n countri"s
- Almost all cas"s "n("( 3it. t." court sayin' t." cas" .a( to b" tri"( in t." country of
t." aff"ct"( 3or!"rs
- 8icara'ua a3ar("( a /,8 of mon"y (.alf a million C) to itFs 3or!"rs* :ol" an( :o3
.a#" bloc!"( any "nforc"m"nt of t.os" cas"s in t." US*
- +rom no3 on& .o3"#"r& :ol" an( :o3 ar" s"ttl" cas"s in t." US (l"ss mon"y)
#"ltinational Enterprises and -o!pliance with Law of /ations
$ Ar" D8EFs liabl" if t." ta!" a(#anta'" of for"i'n 'o#"rnm"nt actors in sub(uin' a local
$o$ulation ,6 com$licit in a for"i'n 'o#"rnm"ntFs $"r$"tuation of its o3n (ominanc"
3."r" t." action of t." for"i'n 'o#"rnm"nt #iolat"s t." la3 of nations
- Exam$l"& S."ll .a( to $ay K1<*< million 3."n t." 8i'"rian 'o#"rnm"nt "x"cut"( anti-
oil (rillin' acti#ists
Court Cas"s
%al!art v5 /LRB
- S.i"l(ni'.t& an "m$loy""& r"ac."( out for union r"$r"s"ntation an( 3as 'i#"n
aut.ori7ation car(s*
- .il" off (uty& ." 3or" a s.irt t.at sai( @Union /"amst"rs*** Si'n a car( *** As! m"
.o3A* /." stor" mana'"rs sa3 t.is& an( r"mo#"( .im from t." $r"mis"s as .is s.irt 3as a
form of solicitation
- /." n"xt tim"& ."& 3.il" on (uty& in#it"( a ("$artm"nt mana'"r an( t3o associat"s to a
union m""tin'* H" as!"( t." ("$artm"nt mana'"r to si'n t." aut.ori7ation car(*
- /." stor" mana'"rs .a( a #"rbal coac.in' s"ssion about 3.y S.i"l(ni'.tFs actions 3"r"
not acc"$tabl"* /."y (iscuss"( .is conc"rns an( su''"st"( ." rais" t." issu" at a local
almart m""tin'*
- /." m""tin' n"#"r .a$$"n"( an( t." union su"( for unfair labor $ractic" a'ainst
almart*
- /." boar( foun( t.at S.i"l(ni'.t .a( not "n'a'"( in solicitation 3."n ."5
1) or" t." / s.irt
?) As!"( on (uty "m$loy""s to att"n( a union m""tin'
>) As!"( a co3or!"r to si'n an aut.ori7ation car(
8L6B5
1) - Anyon" 3.o sa3 .is s.irt 3as fr"" to i'nor" it* Em$loy""s ar" allo3"( to 3"ar union
insi'nia* S.i"l(ni'.t 3al!"( aroun( t.at ni'.t sociali7in' about non-union matt"rs*
- almart ar'u"s t.at t." s.irt int"rf"r"( 3it. o$"ration of t." stor"* /." 8L6B fin(s
no "#i("nc" of t.is* A=6EE:
?) - S.i"l(ni'.t sim$ly $ro#i("( notic" of t." m""tin'& but (i( not r"9uir" a r"s$ons"
from .is co3or!"rs* 8ot.in' su''"sts t.at .is actions (isru$t"( almartFs o$"rations*
A=6EE:
>) - .il" S.i"l(ni'.t (i( not .a#" a car( in .an( 3.il" as!in' .is co3or!"r& t."r" is
littl" (oubt to .is int"nt* /.is is muc. mor" analo'ous to (ir"ct solicitation* :%SA=6EE:
S.i"l(ni'.t 3as solicitin'*
#"lti$Ad v5 /LRB
- St""l" s$o!" u$ a'ainst a n"3 (ru'-t"stin' $olicy
- St""l" an( Dulti-A(Fs $r"si("nt& Clor"& b"'an to ar'u" t." $olicyFs l"'ality* St""l"
r"9u"st"( for a co$y of Dutli-A(Fs la3s an( byla3s* Clor" sai( ." coul( .a#" t."s" aft"r
t." m""tin'*
- ."n Clor" only 'a#" .im a summary& St""l" $oint"( out ." 3ant"( t." com$l"t" t"xt*
Clor" tol( .im .is la3y"r coul( '"t t."m* H" t."n as!"( St""l" to l"a#" t." com$any*
- St""l" lat"r a$olo'i7"( for .is b".a#ior an( as!"( to (iscuss t." 3or!"rFs conc"rns*
."n ("ni"(& ." tol( mana'"m"nt ."F( fin( union r"$r"s"ntation* His mana'"r as!"(
.im to .ol( until ." 3as bac! from #acation* St""l" 3ait"(*
- Dana'"m"nt as!"( 3.at it 3oul( ta!" to satisfy St""l"* /."y m"ntion"( a )ob t.at (i(
not "xist& 3.ic. St""l" 3as int"r"st"( in* H" lac!"( t." 9ualifications& but (i( not 3ant
t." )ob lat"r*
- %n a lat"r m""tin'& .is su$"r#isor tol( .im .is ("$artm"nt 3oul( b" t." first to 'o if t."y
unioni7"(*
- St""l" lat"r as!"( for t." la3s0byla3s 3.il" on #acation& an( 3as l"a( to an offic" 3."n
." 'ot bac!* ."n t." ("ni"( .im t." (ocum"nts& ." "xcus"( .ims"lf from t." m""tin'*
His su$"r#isor t.r"at"n"( to fir" .im if ." (i(nFt com" bac!* St""l" !"$t 3al!in'& an(
3as fir"( for 3al!in' out on multi$l" m""tin's& t.ou'. ." 3as n"#"r r"$riman("( b"for"*
- /." union fil"( an unfair labor c.ar'" a'ainst Dulti-A(* /."y all"'"( Dulti-A(
#iolat"( t." 8L6A by
1) Co"rci#"ly int"rro'atin' St""l" about .is int"r"st in formin' a union
?) %m$li"( $romisin' to ."l$ St""l" im$ro#" .is situation s"$arat"ly
>) /.r"at"nin' to clos" t." bin("ry ("$artm"nt if its "m$loy""s unioni7"(
4) :isc.ar'in' St""l" for att"m$tin' to unioni7"
/." union 3on& an( Dulti-A( fil"( for r"#i"3*
8L6B su$$orts on all accounts*
1) as co"rci#" sinc" it 3as a clos"( (oor m""tin' full of mana'"m"nt
?) =a#" .im an int"r#i"3 for a )ob t.at 3asnFt a#ailabl"
>) /." t.r"at 3as r"al as ot."r "m$loy""s f"lt t." sam" t.r"at
4) /imin' of St""l"Fs firin' .a( substantial "#i("nc" to b" lin!"( to .is union acti#iti"s
-olgate$Pal!olive -o5
- %t 3as (isco#"r"( t.at Col'at" .a( many .i(("n cam"ras n"ar "xits an( bat.rooms to
monitor 3or!"rs* /." union fil"( a 'ri"#anc"& but Col'at" stoo( firm in t.at it .a( t."
ri'.t to (o so* /." union ("man("( to bar'ain o#"r t." cam"ras& but Col'at" r"fus"(*
8L6B5
1) Dan(atory sub)"cts ar" '"rman" to t." 3or!in' "n#ironm"nt& an( not a mana'"rial
("cision* /." installation of cam"ras is muc. li!" $.ysical "xams an( (ru' t"sts* /."y ar"
all in#"sti'ati#" tools not allo3"( (u" to $ri#acy conc"rns*
?) /." cam"ras ar" not "ntr"$r"n"urial in c.aract"r* .il" t."y aim to r"(uc" 3or!$lac"
t."ft an( miscon(uct& t."y ar" not "ntr"$r"n"urial in c.aract"r*
Col'at" 3as r"9uir"( to5
1) C"as" an( ("sist from r"fusin' to bar'ain 3it. t." union
?) ,n r"9u"st& bar'ain coll"cti#"ly 3it. t." union on cam"ras an( ot."r matt"rs
>) 4ost a notic" to all "m$loy""s r"'ar(in' t." $r"#ious t3o*
Dia!ond %aln"t (rowers
- /." 3or!"rs 3"nt on a bitt"r stri!"& inclu(in' a boycott in 3.ic. m"mb"rs (istribut"(
l"afl"ts about t." nasty 9uality of :iamon( 3alnuts
- Aft"r a y"ar or so& "l"ctions for unioni7ation fail"( an( 3"r" 3aitin' for a n"3 "l"ction*
A 'rou$ of 3or!"rs a'r""( to com" bac! to 3or!& uncon(itionally* :iamon( $lac"( t.r""
3or!"rs in lo3"r $ositions t.an t."y us"( to b" in*
1) illa Dill"r 3as a 9uality control su$"r#isor& an( 3as $lac"( in a s"asonal $ac!in'
$osition& "#"n t.ou'. an ins$"ction )ob 3as a#ailabl"*
?) Duno7 3as a lift truc! o$"rator an( 3as 'i#"n a s"asonal )ob crac!in' an( ins$"ctin'
nuts*
>) -ussair 3as an air s"$arator mac.in" o$"rator an( 3as also 'i#"n a s"asonal crac!in'
an( ins$"ctin' )ob*
8L6B5
:iamon( .a( no l"'al obli'ation to ta!" t." 3or!"rs bac!* But onc" t."y (i(& t."y coul(
not (iscriminat"*
/"st from +l""t3oo(5 3as t." (iscrimination bas"( on t."ir union acti#ityH /." bur("n to
"stablis. t.at it 3as not is on t." "m$loy"r*
1) Duno75 :iamon( f"ar"( for ."r saf"ty& as non-stri!" 3or!"rs mi'.t attac! ."r an( t.at
s." mi'.t b" tryin' to sabota'" t." $lant* /." 8L6B a'r""s 3it. t." lo3"r boar( in t.at&
$uttin' ."r in a lo3"r $ayin' )ob (o"s not incr"as" ."r saf"tyL Duno7 (i( not t.r"at"n
anyt.in' s$"cific to sabota'" 3.il" on stri!"L t."r" is al3ays t." c.anc" t.at 3or!"rs
aft"r a stri!" may commit sabota'"* /.at ris! is not "nou'. to )ustify t.is& .o3"#"r*
A=6EE:
?) Dill"r5 /.is is a (iff"r"nt matt"r an( :iamon(Fs busin"ss )ustification is substantial*
Dill"r 3as $art of t." boycott t.at claim"( t." com$anyFs nuts 3"r" ba(* B"in' on t."
$ro(uct lin" 'i#"s ."r a $"rf"ct o$$ortunity to sabota'"& a s$"cial moti#" (fail"( stri!")&
an( littl" ris! of (isco#"ry*
:%SA=6EE:
Sipe 45 %or+horse -"sto! -hassis 1cons"!er protection2
- Si$" $urc.as"( a motor .om" 3.os" c.assis 3as manufactur"( by or!.ors"*
- S.ortly aft"r ." bou'.t it& t." motor 'a#" troubl"* %t stall"( on t.r"" occasions an(
brou'.t it in for r"$air* /." ("al"r foun( not.in' 3ron' 3it. t." motor an( ma(" no
r"$airs* /." "n'in" stallin' .as not $r"#"nt"( .im from usin' t." motor .om"& .o3"#"r*
- %n +"b ?006& Si$" tri"( to s"ll t." motor .om" for ;4*;! (bou'.t at 10<*6! in ?004)*
Aft"r r"c"i#in' t3o lo3 off"rs& ." r"(uc"( t." $ric" to B4*;!& but still coul( not s"ll it*
- %n ?00J& ." (isco#"r"( t." transmission flui( .a( l"a!"( an( t." ("al"r r"fus"( to r"$air
or (ia'nos"*
- Si$" brou'.t t.is to court as a #iolation of Dinn"sotaFs l"mon la3
L"mon La35 /." manufactur"r .as to ma!" r"$airs if t." consum"r r"$orts t." $robl"m
3it.in ? y"ars aft"r ("li#"ry (at" or t." "n( of t." 3arranty& 3.ic."#"r is "arli"r*
1) En'in" Stalls5 Si$" .a( no "#i("nc" to s.o3 t." stalls substantially im$ari"( t."
mar!"t #alu" or $r"#"nt"( .im from 'oin' any3."r"* Si$" also .as not "x$"ri"nc"( on"
sinc" ?00<* His t"stimony s"als t.is a3ay* %n r"'ar(s to s"llin'& itFs im$ossibl" to attribut"
t." lo3 off"rs to t." stallin'* H" (i(nFt m"ntion t." stallin' on .is $osts& an( itFs .i'.ly
li!"ly no on" 3is."s to buy a motor .om"*
?) H" r"c"i#"( t." motor .om" in ,ct ?004& an( r"c"i#"( a > y"ar 3arranty* Un("r
L"mon La3& ." .a( to r"$ort t." transmission flui( $robl"m 3it.in ? y"ars* %n ?00J& t.is
3as too lat"*
#inding the #inders 1article2
- 8ational Hi'.3ay /raffic Saf"ty A(ministration (8H/SA) forc"( to ans3"r for not
$rot"ctin' consum"rs
- +aulty =D i'nition s3itc. im$licat"( in 1> ("at.s
- 8H/SA (i( not (isco#"r t." saf"ty $robl"m& an( (i( not forc" t." r"calls* %n fact&
8H/SA (i( not o$"n a formal in#"sti'ation 3."n ("at.s .it t." n"3s
- 8H/SA .as a bu('"t of K10 million t.at .as s.run!"n 3it. inflation* =o#t* 6"'ulation
is not r"3ar("(& "s$"cially 3it. a 6"$ublican Hous"*
- Bus.-si'n"( la3 'i#"s com$ani"s a loo$.ol" to not fil" 9uart"rly 3arnin's& if ("clar"( a
busin"ss s"cr"t* %t also limits t." fin"s 8H/SA can ass"s& an( (o"s not allo3 for criminal
$"nalti"s* Att"m$ts to a((r"ss t."s" loo$.ol"s0limits 3"r" bloc!"( in ?010*
- =D also .a( a faulty i'nition s3itc. t.at $r"#"nt"( airba's from ("$loyin'* Aft"r t."
("at. of multi$l" $"o$l"& 8H/SA in#"sti'at"(* =D a$$ar"ntly co#"r"( u$ by .a#in' t."
mo(ifi"( i'nition !"y .a#" t." sam" $arts numb"r as t." ("f"cti#" on"*
- Dany mor" $"o$l" (i"( from t." i'nition $robl"m* 8H/SA ("ci("( a'ainst an
in#"sti'ation b"caus" it coul( not i("ntify a cl"ar tr"n( r"lat"( to air ba's or i'nition
s3itc.in's amon' ot."r factors*
- %n ?010& /oyota 3as 'i#"n a K1*? billion criminal fin" for conc"alin' information lin!"(
to at l"ast < ("at.s by t." Mustic" ("$artm"nt* 8H/SA can only l"#y a K66 million fin"
(small)*
- 6"c"nt ris" in t.is sort of scan(al*
Ho!estead Stri+e of 6789
- 6"a( t." 3i!i