Republic of the Philippines

MANDAUE CITY COLLEGE

GRADUATE STUDIES











Chapter 4

INDIVIDUAL IN THE ORGANIZATION












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MARICEL L. PABELONIA
MPM, Student




MR. LORENZO GAHOY
Professor


INDIVIDUAL IN THE ORGANIZATION
A study of the individual in an organization is important, for the bulk of the
adult population spends more than a third of its waking hours in the
organization by which it is employed. And for most people, formal
organizations represent a major part of the environment that exerts a
significant effect upon their behavior.


SOCIAL SYSTEM
The word system can be traced back to Aristotle who suggested that the
whole is greater than the source of its parts.
A system may be defined as a series of interrelated and interdependent
parts, such that the interaction or interplay of any of the systems (parts)
affects the whole in an organization. The human being, for example, is a
system. It consists of a number of organs and limbs, and only when these
are functioning in a coordinated way is the human effective.


HUMAN ORGANIZATION
As a system can be likened to a human model using the biological
approach which considers the nervous, circulatory, digestive, and
reproductive, etc. system as separate systems.

Role as applied here is the sum total of behavior patterns expected of a
persons people occupy in society are established with reference to the
needs and values of that society.

Status is a position that has been accorded to an individual in a social
system which implies a collection of rights and duties. Status is important
in the interpersonal relationships of the particular group where the status
is accorded. Status ranks people on different levels.

Status may be fixed and beyond the control of the individual (sex, Skin
color or ancestry). this is ascribed status. Position subject to control by
individuals are achieved status.


ORGANIZATION
Means the social units (human groupings) deliberately constructed and
reconstructed to seek specific goals.
An organization is a mechanism or structure that enables living things to
work effectively together. It is the process of identifying and grouping the
work to be performed, of defining and delegating responsibility and
authority, and of establishing relationships to enable people to work most
effectively together in accomplishing objectives.

ORGANIZATION AS SOCIAL SYSTEMS
As a social system, the organization comprises many interrelated
subsystems or groups which include:
Administrative/Structural subsystem- is on authority, structure
and responsibility within the organization who does what for whom
and who tells them to do what, when and why.
Information/ Decision-making subsystem- emphasizes key
decisions and the informational needs to keep the system going.
Economic/ Technological subsystem- is on the work to be done
and the cost effectiveness of that work within the specific goals of
the organization.
Human/Social subsystem- is on the motivation and needs of the
members of the organization and on the leadership, provided for or
required, it must be understood that within the system approach
there is a clear thinking that changes in one subsystem affect
changes in other parts of the total system.

HUMAN RESOURCES IN ORGANIZATIOS: ITS IMPORTANT
Three Related but different points of view:
1. Managerial resource
2. Non-managerial resource
3. Determinants of technology

FEATURES OF ORGANIZATION AFFECTING BEHAVIOR
The essential features of organization affecting behavior are:
Hierarchy of authority
Rules, procedures, controls and technology
Formality of communication
Specialization of functions and divisions of labor
Employment of skilled personnel
Specificity of purpose

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
refers to a system of shared meaning held by the members that
distinguishes the organization from other organizations.
Ten characteristics that capture the essence of organizational culture
1. Member identity
2. Group emphasis
3. People focus
4. Unit integration
5. Control
6. Risk tolerance
7. Reward criteria
8. Conflict tolerance
9. Means-ends orientation
10. Open system focus