បេតុងពង្រឹងដោយដែក 19 xix-introduction-to-prestressed-concrete

NPIC
T.Chhay
XVIII.
esckIENnaMBIebtugkugRtaMg
Introduction to Prestressed Concrete
1> ebtugeRbkugRtaMg
Prestressed Concrete
k> eKalkarN_nkareFVIeRbkugRtaMg
Principles of Prestressing
karGnuvteRbkugRtaMgeTAelIGgt;eRKOgbgMKWCakarbegItkugRtaMgGciRny_xagkgEdlmanGMeBI
RbqaMgnwgkugRtaMgTajenAkgebtugEdl)anbnkxageRkA. karGnuvteRbkugRtaMgenHbegItCaEdnkug
RtaMgEdlGgt;GacTb;Tl;)any:agmansuvtiPaB. eKGacGnuvtkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgmun bkgeBldMNal
KankarGnuvtbnkxageRkA. kugRtaMgenAkgGgt;eRKOgbgMRtUvEtenAsl; RKb;TIkEng nigsMrab;RKb;
sanPaBnkardak;bnk enAkgEdnkMNt;rbs;kugRtaMgEdlsMPar GacRTRTg;)anKanTIkMNt;. CaTU
eTA karGnuvtkugRtaMg PaKeRcInCakugRtaMgsgt; RtUv)anbegIteLIgeday high-strength steel
tendon EdlrgkarTaj nig anchor eTAnwgGgt;ebtug. kugRtaMgRtUv)anepreTAebtugeday bond
tamprbs; tendon beday anchorage enAxagcugrbs; tendon.
edIm,IgayRsYlkgkarBnl; cUrBicarNaFwmmYyEdleFVIBIebtugsuT ehIyFwmenaHRtUvRTnUv
bnkTMnajxageRkA (external gravity load) dUcbgajkgrUbTI 19>1 a. muxkat;FwmRtUv)aneRCIs
erIsCamYynwg tensile flexural stress EdlCalkxNeRKaHfak;sMrab;karKNna dUcenHeKTTYl)an
muxkat;EdlminmanlkNesdkic. mUlehtuKWedaysarebtugxaMgkgkarsgt;CagkarTaj. flexural
tensile strength bm:UDuldac; (module of rupture) rbs;ebtug f r esInwg 0.62 f 'c rUbTI 19>1a.
kgkarKNnaebtugGarem:Fmta eKminKit tensile strength rbs;ebtugeT ehIyEdksrs
RtUv)andak;enAkgtMbn;Tajrbs;ebtugedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkugRtaMgTaj b:uEnebtugTb;Tl;nwgkugRtaMgsgt;
rUbTI 19>1 b.
kgkarKNnaebtugeRbkugRtaMg kugRtaMgsgt;dMbUgRtUv)anGnuvteTAkgFwmedIm,IeGaymanGMeBI
Tb;nwgkugRtaMgTajEdlekIteLIgedaysarbnkxageRkA rUbTI 19>1 c. RbsinebIkugRtaMgEdldak;
dMbUgenHesInwgkugRtaMgTajenAsrseRkambMput enaHkugRtaMgTaMgBIrRtUv)anlubecal b:uEnkugRtaMg
sgt;enAsrsEpkxagelIbMputnwgmantMlDub. kgkrNIenH muxkat;Ggt;TaMgmUlrgkarsgt;. Rb
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
560
T.Chhay
NPIC
sinebIkugRtaMgsgt;EdlGnuvtdMbUgtUcCagkugRtaMgTajenAsrsEpkxageRkambMput enaHsrsenA
EpkxageRkamenHrgkarTaj srsEpkxagelIbMputrgkarsgt;.
561
T.Chhay
NPIC
kgkarGnuvt Ggt;ebtugGacrgeRbkugRtaMgtamviFImYykgcMeNamviFIxageRkam
!> karTajeRkay (Posttensioning): kgkareFVI posttensioning, eKTaj steel tendon
eRkayeBlebtugRtUv)ancak; nigkkrwg. kareFVI posttensioning RtUv)aneFVIeLIgtamviFI
saRsdUcteTA dMbUgeKeRbI hydraulic jack Taj steel wire b strand eGaylUt bnab;
mkCMnYs jack eday anchorage EdlGacrkSaeGay steel strand enAEtrgkarTaj. CaTU
eTA tendon RtUv)aneFVIeLIgBI wire, strand b bar. eKGacTaj wire nig strand CaRkum)an
EteKTaj bar mg)anEtmYy. kgdMeNIrkareFVI posttensioning, eKdak; steel tendon
eTAkgBum<muneBlcak;ebtug ehIy tendon RtUv)ankarBarkarsitCab;eTAnwgebtugeday
waterproof paper wrapping b metal duct (sheath). tendon EdlsitCab;eTAnwg
ebutgRtUv)aneKehAfa boded tendon. Unbonded tendon/ RtUv)andak;edayKan grout
bRtUv)anlabeRbg.
@> karTajmun (pretensioning): kgkareFVI prettensioning eKTaj steel tendon muneBlcak;
ebtug. eKTb; tendon CabeNaHGasneday abutment ehIyeKkat;va bnab;ebtugRtUv)an
cak; nigkkrwg. kMlaMg prestessing RtUv)anepreTAebtugeday PaBsitenAtamRbEvgrbs;
tendon. CaTUeTA eKeRcIneFVI prettensioning enAkgkardan beragcRkpliteRKOgbgMebtug
eRbkugRtaMgcak;eRsc EdlmankMralrwgmaMCaGciRny_.
#> kareFVIeRbkugRtaMgxageRkA (external prestressing): kgkareFVI external pretessing, eK
GnuvtkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgeday flat jack EdlRtUv)andak;enAcenaHcugGgt;ebtug nig
permanent rigid abutments. Ggt;minman prestressing tendon dUcviFITaMgBIrxagelI
EdleKGacehAfakareFVIeRbkugRtaMgxagkgeT. External prestressing mingayRsYlkg
karGnuvteT edaysar shrinkage nig creep enAkgebtugEdlnaMeGaymankarkat;bny
kugRtaMgsgt;EdlGnuvtdMbUg.
Profile rbs; tenden GacRtg; ekag bragrgVg;GaRsyeTAelIkarKNnaGgt;eRKOgbgM.
CaTUeTAeKeRbI straight tendon enAkg solid slab nig hollow-cored slab b:uEneKeRbI bent tendon
enAkgFwm nigGgt;eRKOgbgMPaKeRcIn. eKeRbI circular tendon enAkgeRKOgbgMEdlmanTMrg;mUldUc
562
NPIC
T.Chhay
Ca tank, silo nig pipe. eKGacGnuvtkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgEtkgmYydMNakkal beRcIndMNakkaledIm,I

karBarebtugkMurGayrgkugRtaMgelIs.
eK)anbegItnUvRbBneRbkugRtaMgCaeRcIn EdlkgcMeNamenaHman Freyssinet, Magnel Blaton,
B.B.R.V., Dywidag, CCL, Morandi, VSL, Western Concrete, Prescon, nig INRYCO. eBlxH
eKCYbnUvbBaakgkareRCIserIsRbBneRbkugRtaMgsMrab;kargarBiess.
visVkrKYrBicarNanUvktacMbgbIEdlnaMdl;kareRCIserIsRbBnenH
!> GaMgtg;sIuetnkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgEdlRtUvkar
@> ragFrNImaRtrbs;muxkat; nigKMlatEdlGacmansMrab; tendon
#> tMlnRbBneRbkugRtaMg sMPar nigkMlaMgBlkm
]TahrN_xageRkambgajBIlkNBiessrbs;ebtugeRbkugRtaMg.
]TahrN_ 19>1 sMrab;FwmTMrsamBaEdlbgajenAkgrUbTI 19>2 cUrkMNt;kugRtaMgRtg;muxkat;
kNalElVgEdlbNalmkBITMgn;pal;xnva nigkrNInkardak;bnk nigeRbkugRtaMg

!> bnkGefrBRgayesI 13.15kN / m
@> bnkGefrBRgayesI 13.15kN / m nigkMlaMgsgt;tambeNaycMpit P = 1132kN
#> bnkGefrBRgayesI 30.61kN / m nigkMlaMgsgt;tambeNaycakpit P = 1132kN Edl
manGMeBIRtg;cMNakpit e = 10cm
$> bnkGefrBRgayesI 39.28kN / m nigkMlaMgsgt;tambeNaycakpit P = 1132kN Edl
manGMeBIRtg;cMNakpitGtibrmasMrab;muxkat; e = 15cm
%> bnkGefrGtibrmaenAeBl P = 1132kN EdlmanGMeBIRtg; e = 15cm
eRbI b = 30cm / h = 60cm / f 'c = 31MPa nigkugRtaMgGnuBaat f 'c = 14.14MPa
dMeNaHRsay
!> kugRtaMgEdlbNalmkEtBIbnkefr nigbnkGefr

bnkpal;rbs;Fwm = (0.3 0.6)24 = 4.32kN / m
wL2 4.32(7.2 )2
m:Um:g;bnkefr M D.L. = 8 = 8 = 28kN .m
kugRtaMgenARtg;srsEpkxageRkAbMputEdlbNalBIbnkefrKW
563
NPIC
T.Chhay
=
D
Mc M (h / 2) 6 M
= 3
=
I
bh / 12 bh 2
6 28
=
10 3 = 1.56MPa
2
0.3 0.6
m:Um:g;EdlbNalBIbnkGefr L1 = 13.15kN / m KW
M L. L. =
13.15 7.2 2
= 85.2kN .m
8
kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIbnkGefrKW
L1 =
6M
bh
6 85.2
0.3 0.6
10 3 = 4.73MPa
edayeFVIkarbUkbBakkugRtaMgEdl)anBIbnkefr nigbnkGefr rUbTI 19>2 a eyIg)an

kugRtaMgxagelI = 1.56 4.73 = 6.29MPa rgkarsgt;
kugRtaMgxageRkam = +1.56 + 4.73 = 6.29MPa rgkarTaj
edaysarkugRtaMgTajFMCagm:UDuldac;rbs;ebtug f r = 0.62 31 = 3.45MPa dUcenHFwmnwg)ak;.
@> kgkrNIEdlkugRtaMgbNalBIeRbkugRtaMgesI RbsinebIeKGnuvtkMlaMgsgt; P = 1132KN
Rtg;TIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat; enaHmuxkat;tambeNyFwmnwgrgkugRtaMgesI
p =
P
1132
=
10 3 = 6.29MPa
area 0.3 0.6
kugRtaMgcugeRkayEdlbNalBIbnkGefr nigbnkefrbUknwgbnkeRbkugRtaMgenARtg;srs
xagelI nigxageRkambMputKW 12.58MPa nig 0 erogKa rUbTI 19>2 b. kgkrNIenH kMlaMg
eRbkugRtaMg)anebgInkugRtaMgsgt;enARtg;srsEpkxagelIbMputeGaymantMlBIrdg nig)an
kat;bnykugRtaMgTajenARtg;srsEpkxageRkameGay esInwg 0 . kugRtaMgsgt;Gtibrma
12.58MPa mantMltUcCagkugRtaMgGnuBaat f 'c = 14.14MPa .
#> sMrab;kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIeRbkugRtaMgcMNakpit e = 100mm
RbsinebIeKGnuvtkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg P = 1132 KN enARtg;cMNakpit e = 100mm BI eRkamTI
RbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat; kugRtaMgenARtg;srsEpkxagelI nigEpkxageRkambMputRtUv)ankMNt;
dUcxageRkam. m:Um:g;EdlbNalBIeRbkugRtaMgcMNakpitKW Pe
P (Pe )c
P 6(Pe )
=
A
I
A bh 2
1132
6(1132 0.1) 3
=
10 3
10
0.3 0.6
0.3 0.6 2
p =
564
NPIC
T.Chhay
= 6.29 6.29
enAsrsEpkxageRkam p = 12.58MPa nig p = 0 enAsrsEpkxageRkambMput.

BicarNaGMBIkardak;bnkGefr L2 = 30.61kN / m
30.61 7.2 2
= 198.36kN .m
8
6(198.36) 3
=
10 = 11.02MPa
0.3 0.6 2
M L. L. =
L2
kugRtaMgcugeRkayEdlbNalBIbnkefr/ bnkGefr nigkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAsrsEpkxagelI

nigEpkxageRkambMputKW 12.58MPa nig 0 erogKa rUbTI 19>2 c. cMNaMfa kugRtaMgcug
eRkaydUcKanwgkrNIelIkmunenAeBlEdlbnkGefresInwg 13.15kN / m . edayGnuvtkMlaMg
eRbkugRtaMgenARtg;cMNalpit 10cm FwmenHGacRTbnkGefrEfm eTot 17.46kN / m .
565
T.Chhay
NPIC
$> sMrab;kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIeRbkugRtaMgcakpitRtg;cMNakpitGtibrma
snt;facMNakpitGtibrmasMrab;muxkat;enHKW e = 15cm .
m:Um:g;Bt;EdlekItedaysarkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgcakpitKW Pe = 1132 0.15 = 169.8kN .m
566
NPIC
T.Chhay
kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgKW
p =
1132
6(169.8) 3
10 3
10
0.3 0.6
0.3 0.6 2
= 6.29 9.41
= 15.7 MPa
nig
+ 3.12
begInbnkGefrdl; L3 = 39.28kN / m . m:Um:g;Edl)anBIbnkenHKW

M L. L. =
39.28 7.2 2
= 254.5kN .m
8
kugRtaMgEdlbNalmkBIbnkGefrKW
L3 =
6(254.5)
0.3 0.6
10 3 = 14.14MPa
kugRtaMgcugeRkayenAsrsEpkxagelI nigEpkxageRkambMputEdlbNalBIbnkefr nigbnk

GefrKW 12.58MPa nig 0 erogKa rUbTI 19>2 d. cMNaMfa kugRtaMgcugeRkaydUcKanwgkrNI
munEdr b:uEnbnkGefr)anekIneLIgdl; 39.28kN / m . kugRtaMgTaj 1.56MPa RtUv)an
begIteLIgenAsrsEpkxagelIbMput enAeBlEdleKGnuvtkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg. kugRtaMgenH
mantMltUcCagm:UDuldac;rbs;ebtug f r = 3.45MPa dUcenHvaminekItmansameRbHenAelIFwm
eT.
%> eKkMNt;bnkGefrGtibrmaenAeBlkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgcakpiteFVIGMeBIenARtg; e = 15cm dUct
eTA. kgkrNImun kugRtaMgsgt;cugeRkayesInwg 12.58MPa EdltUcCagkugRtaMg GnuBaat
f 'c = 14.14MPa . dUcenH bnkGefrGacekIneLIgdl; L4 = 43.6kN / m .
43.6 7.2 2
= 282.5kN .m
8
6 282.5 3
=
10 = 15.7 MPa
0.3 0.6 2
M L. L. =
L4
kugRtaMgcugeRkayEdlbNalBIbnkefr nigbnkGefr L4 ehIynigkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg KW

14.14 MPa nig + 1.56 MPa rUbTI 19>2 e. kugRtaMgsgt;KWesInwgkugRtaMgGnuBaat
14.14 MPa ehIykugRtaMgTajKWtUcCag modulus of rupture rbs;ebtug 3.45MPa . kg
krNIenH eKGacKNnabnkGefrBRgayEdlesInwg 43.6kN / m dUcteTA bUkkugRtaMgsgt;
GnuBaatGtibrma 14.14MPa CamYynwgkugRtaMgTajdMbUgenARtg;srsEpkxagelIbMput
567
NPIC
T.Chhay
edIm,ITTYl)an 15.7MPa . m:Um:g;EdlnwgbegItkugRtaMgenAsrsEpkxagelIbMput

15.7 MPa esInwg
1.56 MPa
bh 2
M =
6
15.7
(0.3)(0.6)2 103 = 282.6kN.m
=
6
W L2
M= L
8
8 282.6
WL =
= 43.6kN / m
7.2 2
eyIgTTYl)an
cMNaMfa
!> muxkat;ebtugTaMgmUlKWskmkgkarTb;Tl;CamYykMlaMgxageRkA
@> kugRtaMgTajcugRkayenAkgmuxkat;tUcCag modulus of rupture rbs;ebtug Edlbgaj
famuxkat;ebtugminmansameRbHeRkamGMeBIrbs;bnkGtibrma
#> bnkGnuBaatenAelIFwmekIneLIgeRcInKYrsmedaysarkarGnuvtrbs;kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg
$> karekIneLIgnUvcMNakpitrbs;kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgkbegInkMlaMgGnuvtn_GnuBaat EdleFVIeGay
kugRtaMgenAelImuxkat;minFMCagkugRtaMgGnuBaat.
x> karGnuvteRbkugRtaMgedayEpk
Partial Prestressing
eKkMNt;Ggt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgedayEpk (partially prestressed concrete member) CaGgt;

Edl
- kugRtaMgxagkgEdlmanGMeBITb;EpknkugRtaMgEdlekItBIbnkxageRkA
- kugRtaMgTajekItmanenAkgebtugeRkamGMeBIbnkeFVIkar (service load)
- EdkBRgwgminEmnCaEdkeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)andak;bEnmedIm,IbegInlTPaBrbs;Ggt; edIm,ITb;
nwgm:Um:g;
eKGacBicarNa partially prestressed concrete tamBIrkrNI
!> eKeRbIEdkeRbkugRtaMg nigEdkminEmneRbkugRtaMgenAkgmuxkat;EtmYy. ExSkabeRbkugRtaMg
begItkugRtaMgxagkgRtUv)anKNnaedIm,ITTYl)an ultimate capacity rbs;muxkat;ebtugEt
mYyEpkb:ueNaH. cMENk capacity EdlenAsl;RtUv)anTTYlBIEdkminEmneRbkugRtaMg
568
T.Chhay
NPIC
Edldak;tamTisdUcKanwgkabeRbkugRtaMg. EdkEdleRbICaEdkminEmneRbkugRtaMgGacCaRb
ePTEdkFmta dUcCaEdk carbon steel bCaEdk high-tensile-strength. kabeRbkugRtaMgk
CaRbePTEdkFmtadUcEdkminEmneRbkugRtaMgEdr Etvaman ultimate strength esInwg
1725MPa 250ksi . kareRCIserIsGaRsynwgktacMbgBIrKW PaBdabGnuBaat nigTMhM
sameRbHGnuBaat. dUcKa ACI Code kMNt;nUvpleFobGtibrmanRbEvgElVgelIkkMBs;n
Ggt;ebtugGarem: sMrab;PaBdab. eKminGnuBaateGaymanPaBdabFMelIslubCamYynwg
kMBs;rbs;muxkat;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgtUc nigedaysarkareRbIPaKryEdktic. sameRbHekIt
manenAtMbn;rgkarTajrbs;muxkat;ebtug benARtg;nIv:UEdkedaysareKGnuBaateGaykug
RtaMgTajekItmaneRkamGMeBI working load. eKGnuBaatsameRbHGtibrmaRtwm 0.016in.
(0.41mm) sMrab;Ggt;xagkg nig 0.013in. (0.33mm) sMrab;Ggt;xagkg.
@> kugRtaMgxagkgEdleFVIGMeBIelIGgt;)anEtBI prestrssed steel b:ueNaH b:uEnvaRtUv)anTajCa
mYynwgEdnkMNt;TabCag. kgkrNIenHsameRbHekItmanelOnCagGgt;rgeRbkugRtaMgeBj
eljeRkambnkdUcCaKa.
eKGacBicarNa partially prestresssed concrete kgTMrg;kNalrvagebtugGarem: nigebtug
eRbkugRtaMgeBj (fully prestressed concrete). enAkgGgt;ebtugGarem: sameRbHekItmaneRkamGMeBI
bnkeFVIkar dUcenHeKdak;EdkBRgwgenAkgtMbn;Taj. CaTUeTAenAkgGgt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMg sameRbH
minekItmaneRkamGMeBIbnkeFVIkareT. kugRtaMgsgt;EdlbNalBIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgGacesI belIsBI
kugRtaMgTajEdlbNalBIbnkxageRkA. dUcenHeKGacBicarNaGgt; partially prestressed concrete
CaGgt;ebtugGarem:EdlkugRtaMgxagkgrbs;vamanGMeBITb;nwgEpkxH rbs;kugRtaMgEdl)anBIbnkxag
eRkA dUcenHkugRtaMgTajenAkgebtugminRtUvFMCagtMlkMNt;eRkambnkeFVIkareT. eKKitvaCaebtug
Garem:enAeBlNaEdlminmankugRtaMgxagkgeFVIGMeBIelIGgt;. ebtugeRbkugRtaMgeBjCakMritx<s;bMput
rbs;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgedayEpk EdlenAkgenaHEdkminEmneRbkugRtaMgRtUv)ankat;bnydl;sUn.
enAcenaHGgt;ebtugGarem:EdlmaneRbH nigGgt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgeBjEdlminmaneRbH eK
manEdndFMsMrab;KNnaebtugeRbkugRtaMgedayEpk rUbTI 19>3. kareRCIserIskMritnkareFVIeRbkug
RtaMgdl nwgbegItnUveRKOgbgMEdlmansuvtiPaB nigmanlkNesdkic.
569
NPIC
T.Chhay
rUbTI 19>3 bgajBIExSekagPaBdab-bnkrbs;FwmebtugGarem:EdlmanbrimaNEdk nigRbePT

EdkxusKa. ExSekag a bgajBIFwmebtugGarem: EdlmansameRbHFmtaeRkambnktUc Wcr . eKGackM
Nt;m:Um:g;EdleFVIeGayeRbH (cracking moment) dUcxageRkam
M cr =
Edl
fr I
c
m:UDuldac;rbs;ebtug = 0.62 f 'c

I = m:Um:g;niclPaBn gross concrete section
c = cMgayBIGkSNWteTAsrsrgkarTajxageRkAbMput
eKGackMNt;ebtugEdleFVIeGayeRbH (cracking load) BI cracking moment enAeBlRbEvg
ElVg nigRbePTnkardak;bnkRtUv)ankMNt;. sMrab;FwmTMrsamBaEdlrgbnkcMcMnugenAkNalElVg
Wcr = (4M cr ) / L .
fr =
570
T.Chhay
NPIC
ExSekag e nig f bgajBIFwmebtugeRbkugRtaMgeBjEdlmanEdktic nigEdkeRcIn erogKa. Fwm

ebtugGarem:EdlmanbrimaNEdkeRcIn)ak;edaysarkarEbkebtugmunnwgEdkeTAdl; yield strength b
proof stress rbs;va. FwmmanPaBdabtUc nwgrgkar)ak;edayPaBRsYy (brittle failure). FwmEdlman
brimaNEdktic)ak;edaysarEdkeFVIkardl; yield nig ultimate strength rbs;va. vabgajnUv)abdab
nigsameRbHEdlbNalBIkarlUtsac;rbs;EdkmuneBlebtugEbkCabnbnab; ehIyFwm)ak;rlM.
enAcenaHExSekag a nig e CaEdndFMrbs;FwmebtugCamYynwgbrimaNERbRbYlrbs;Edk nigrg
nUvbrimaNERbRbYlrbs;kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg. FwmEdlrgkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgtUcenAEk,rExSekag a ehIy
FwmEdlmaneRbkugRtaMgFMenAEk,rExSekag e . eKeRCIserIsbnSMEdkeRbkugRtaMg nigEdkminEmneRbkug
RtaMgsMrab;karKNnaKWGaRsyelIkugRtaMgebtugGnuBaat PaBdab nigTMhMsameRbHGtibrma.
ExSekag b tMNageGayFwmEdlnwgeRbHeRkamGMeBInbnkeFVIkareBjelj. RbsinebIEtEpk
xHrbs;bnkGefrekItmanenAelIeRKOgbgMCaerOy enaH W1 tMNageGaybnkefrsrub nigEpkxHrbs;
bnkGefr L1 .
ExSekag c tMNageGayFwmcab;epImeRbHeRkamGMeBI working load. kugRtaMgTajGtibrmaenA
kgebtug = f r = 0.62 f 'c .
ExSekag d tMNageGayFwmEdlmankMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgkMNt;. muxkat;eRKaHfak;rbs;Fwmnwg
mineRbHeRkambnkeFVIkareBjeljeT b:uEnvanwgmankugRtaMgTajGtibrma 0 < f r < 0.62 f 'c . ACI
Code GnuBaatkugRtaMgTajGtibrmaenAkgebtugRtwm 0.5 f 'c .
ExSekag e nig e' tMNageGayFwmebtugeRbkugRtaMgeBjeljEdlminmankugRtaMgTajeRkam
bnkeFVIkar emIlrUbTI 19>4.
sarRbeyaCn_dsMxan;bMputrbs;kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgedayEpkKWlTPaBkgkarRKb;RKgkMeNag
(camber). edaykat;bnykMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg camber nwgRtUv)ankat;bny ehIysnSMnUvbrimaNEdk
eRbkugRtaMg brimaNkargarkgkarTaj nigcMnYn end anchorage.
GaRsynwgGaMgtg;sIuetnkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg sameRbHenAkg partially prestressed member
ekIteLIgelOnCagenAkg fully prestressed concrete member eRkamGMeBIrbs; service load. enA
eBlEdlsameRbHekItman m:Um:g;niclPaBRbsiTPaBrbs;muxkat;eRKaHfak;RtUv)ankat;bny ehIyeK
nwgTTYl)anPaBdabFMCagmun. b:uEn kareRbIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgedayEpkKWeKTTYl)anlTplKYrCaTU
eBjcit ehIyvaTTYl)ankareBjniym.
571
NPIC
T.Chhay
K> karcat;cMNat;fak;Ggt;rgkarBt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMg
Classification of Prestressed Concrete Flexural Members
)anEckGgt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgCabIfak;edayQrelIkugRtaMgTaj
enAelIsrsxageRkAbMput f t enAkgtMbn;TajeRkamGMeBIbnkeFVIkardUcxageRkam
ACI Code, Section 18.3
!> fak; U (uncracked section) Edlman f t 0.62 f 'c . enAkgmuxkat;ebtugEdlKansam

eRbHenH eKeRbIlkNn gross section edIm,IRtYtBinitPaBdabeRkamGMeBIbnkeFVIkar.
KansameRbHekItmanenAkgmuxkat; nigeKminRtUvkar skin reinforcement eT.
@> fak; T (muxkat;enAkg transition zone) Edlman 0.62 f 'c < ft f 'c . muxkat;
RbePTenHmankugRtaMgTajenAkgebtugFMCagm:UDuldac; (modulus of rupture) rbs;ebtug
f r = 0.62 f 'c EdlbegItnUvkrNIcenaHmuxkat;eRbH nigmuxkat;Gt;eRbH. enAkgkrNIenH
eKeRbIlkNn gross section edIm,IRtYtBinitkugRtaMg ehIyeKeRbI bilinear section rbs;
muxkat;eRbHedIm,IKNnaPaBdab. eKmincaM)ac;eRbI skin reinforcement enAkgtMbn;TajeT.
#> fak; C (cracked section) Edlman f t > f 'c . kugRtaMgTajenAkgmuxkat;FMCag
modulus of rupture rbs;ebtug 1.6 dg. dUcenH sameRbHnwgekItmandUckgkrNIGgt;eb
tugeRbkugRtaMgedayEpk. enAkgkrNIenH eKeRbIlkNnmuxkat;eRbHedIm,IRtYtBinitkug
572
NPIC
T.Chhay
RtaMg sameRbH nigPaBdab. eKKYreRbIkarpl;eGayedIm,IRKb;RKgsameRbH nigeRbI skin

reinforcement dUckarBnl;enAkgEpk 6>7 sMrab;Ggt;ebtugGarem:EdlmankMBs;RbsiTPaB d > 915mm .
2> sMPar nigtMrUvkarsMrab;bMerIbMras;
k> ebtug
Material and Serviceability Requirement
Concrete
lkNrbs;ebtugRtUv)anbgajenAkgCMBUk 2. eTaHbICaerOy Ggt;ebtugGarem:RtUv)anplit

BIebtugEdlmanersIusg;sgt; 21MPa eTA 35MPa keday kGgt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)anplitBI
sMParEdlmanersIusg;x<s;Cag CaTUeTAsitenAcenaH 28MPa eTA 56MPa . eKeRbIebtugersIusg;x<s;
sMrab;Ggt;ebtugcak;eRsc nigGgt;ebtugeRbHkugRtaMg Edlkarlay karcak; karbgab; nigkarEfTaMeb
tugsiteRkamkarRtYtBinity:agm:t;ct;.
kugRtaMgGnuBaatenAkgebtugEdleyagtam ACI Code, Section 18.4 mandUcxageRkam
!> kugRtaMgeRkayeBlepreRbkugRtaMg (prestress transfer) nigmuneBl)at;bg;eRbkugRtaMg
(prestress losses):
kugRtaMgsgt;GtibrmaesInwg 0.6 f ci
b. kugRtaMgTajGtibrma elIkElgGVIEdl)anGnuBaatdUcxageRkam esInwg 0.25 f ci
c. kugRtaMgTajGtibrmaenARtg;cugnGgt;TMrsamBaesInwg 0.5 f ci
Edl f ci CaersIusg;rbs;ebtugenAeBlepr
RbsinebIkugRtaMgTajmantMlFMCagenH eKRtUvdak;EdkenAtMbn;sgt;edIm,ITb;Tl;kMlaMgTaj
srubenAkgebtug edayQrelI uncracked gross section.
@> kugRtaMgeRkamGMeBIbnkeFVIkareRkayeBlkMhatbg; (loss) TaMgGs; sMrab;fak; U nigfak; T
mandUcteTA kugRtaMgsgt;Gtibrma 0.45 f 'c EdlbNalBIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgbUknwgbnkefr
nigkugRtaMg 0.05 f 'c EdlbNalBIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgbUknwgbnksrub.
#> kugRtaMgTaMgenHGacmantMlFMCagenH RbsinebIkarBiesaF nigkarviPaKbgajfakaRbRBwteTA
rbs;vaRKb;RKan;.
a.
573
NPIC
T.Chhay
x> EdkeRbkugRtaMg
Prestressing Steel
Edk tendon EdleKniymeRbICageKenAkgebtugeRbkugRtaMgCa strands bkab Edlplit

eLIgCamYynwglYssrsr (wire) CaeRcIn CaTUeTAmancMnYn 7 b 19 . Wire nig bar kRtUv)aneKeRbI
R)as;pgEdr. Stand nig wire RtUv)anpliteLIgedayeKarBtam ASTM Standard A421 sMrab;
uncoated stress-relieved wire nig A416 sMrab; uncoated seven-wire stress-relieved strand.
lkNrbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)aneGayenAkgtarag 19>1.
tarag 19>1
Type
Seven-wire strand (grade 250)
Seven-wire strand (grade 270)
Prestressing wire grades (250)

(250)
(240)
(235)
Prestressing bars (smooth)
(grade 145 or 160)
Prestressing bars (deformed)

(grade 150-160)
Diameter
(mm)
6.350
7.950
9.525
11.125
12.700
15.240
9.525
11.125
12.700
15.250
4.877
4.978
6.350
7.010
19.050
22.225
25.400
28.575
31.750
34.925
15.875
19.050
25.400
31.750
34.925
Area
(mm2)
23.2
37.4
51.6
69.7
92.9
139.4
54.8
74.2
98.7
138.7
18.7
19.4
31.6
38.7
283.9
387.1
503.2
638.7
793.5
954.8
180.6
271.0
548.4
806.5
1006
Mass
(kg/m)
0.179
0.298
0.402
0.551
0.729
1.101
0.432
0.595
0.789
1.101
0.146
0.149
0.253
0.298
2.232
3.036
3.973
5.030
6.206
7.515
1.458
2.218
4.480
6.535
8.274
EdkeRbkugRtaMgEdleRbIenAkgebtugeRbkugRtaMgRtUvEtmanersIusg;x<s; CaTUeTAman
enAcenaH 1730MPa eTA 1860MPa . eKcaM)ac;GnuBaateGayEdkersIusg;
x<s;mansac;lUtFM nigrkSakugRtaMgenAkgebtugeGayRKb;RKan; nigGciRny_bnab;BI inelastic
shortening rbs;ebtug.
ultimate strength f pu
574
NPIC
T.Chhay
kugRtaMgGnuBaatenAkgEdkeRbkugRtaMgeyagtam ACI Code, Section 18.5 mandUcxageRkam

!> kugRtaMgGtibrmaEdlbNalBI tendon jacking force minRtUvFMCagtMlEdltUcCageKk
gcMeNam 0.8 f pu nig 0.94 f py . tMlEdltUcCagminRtUvFMCagkugRtaMgEdlENnaMedayGk
plit tendon b anchorage eT.
@> kugRtaMgGtibrmaenAkg pretensioned tendon PameRkayeBleprminRtUvFMCagtMltUc
CageKkgcMeNam 0.74 f pu nig 0.82 f py .
#> kugRtaMgGtibrmaenAkg postensioned tendon eRkayeBl tendon RtUv)an anchor KW
0.70 f pu .
K> EdkBRgwg Reinforcing Steel

CaTUeTA eKeRbIEdkBRgwgminEmneRbkugRtaMgenAkgGgt;eRKOgbgMebtugeRbkugRtaMg
CaBiessenAkgsMNg;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgcak;eRsc. eKeRbIEdkBRgwgCaEdkkMlaMgkat;TTwg Ca
EdkbEnmsMrab;kardwkCBan nigkarelIkdak;Ggt;cak;eRsc ehIynigeRbIenAkgGgt;ebtugeRb
kugRtaMgedayEpkEdlcUlrYmCamYynwgEdkeRbkugRtaMg. RbePT nigkugRtaMgGnuBaatrbs;Edk
RtUvENnaMenAkgCMBUk 2 nigCMBUk 5 rYcehIy.
3> kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMg
Loss of Prestress
k> Lump-sum losses

kMhatbg;nkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgCabnbnab;ekItmaneRkayeBlkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)an
eprBI jack eTaGgt;ebtug. kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgCakarkat;bnykMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgkgmYy
CIvitneRKOgbgM. brimaNkMhatbg;enAkg tendon ERbRbYlcenaHBI 15% eTA 30% nkugRtaMg
edIm edayGaRsynwgktaCaeRcIn. sMrab;eRKOgbgMebtugGarem:TMgn;FmtaPaKeRcInEdlsagsg;eday
standard method, tendon stress loss bNalmkBI elastic shortening, shrinkage, creep nig
relaxation rbs;EdkKWmantMlRbEhlnwg 35ksi(241MPa ) sMrab; pretensioned member nigsMrab;
575
NPIC
T.Chhay
posttensioned member
KWRbEhlbwg 25ksi(172MPa) . kMlaMgkkit nig anchorage slip minRtUv)an
rab;bBaleT.
karENnaMBIrsMrab;kar)a:n;sankMhatbg;srubenAkgGgt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)anbgajeday
AASTHO nig Posttensioning Institute (PTI). AASTHO ENnaMeGayykkMhatbg;srub
(edayminKitkMlaMgkkit) 45ksi(310 MPa ) sMrab; pretensioned strand nig 33ksi(228MPa ) sMrab;
postentioned strand nig wire enAeBlEdleKeRbIersIusg;sgt;ebtug f 'c = 35MPa . PTI ENnaM
lump-sum prestress loss sMrab; posttensioned member 35ksi(241MPa ) sMrab;Fwm nig
30ksi(207 MPa ) sMrab;kMralxN edayminKitkMlaMgkkit. eKGaceRbItMlTaMgGs;enH)anluHRta
EteK)aneFVIkar)a:n;RbmaNkMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgedayRbPBnkMhatbg;nImYydac;edayELkBIKa)an
l dUcEdl)anENnaMy:agsegb.
CaTUeTA RbPBnkMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgKW
- Elastic shortening rbs;ebtug
- Shrinkage rbs;ebtug
- Creep rbs;ebtug
- Relaxation rbs;Edk tendon
- kMlaMgkkit
Anchorage set
x> kMhatbg;edaysar Elastic Shortening of Concrete

kar)a:n;RbmaNkMhatbg; elastic shortening rbs;ebtugenAkg
pretensioned member
RtUv)aneFVIeLIgdUcteTA. BicarNa pretensioned concrete member nmuxkat;efr nigkugRtaMgBRgay

esItambeNayGkSTIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;vaedaysarkMlaMg Fo . eRkayBIkareprkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgFwmebtug
nig prestressing tendon rYjxIedaybrimaNesIKa edaysarPaBsitrvagsMParTaMgBIr. dUcenH kMlaMg
eRbkugRtaMgEdlcab;epIm Fo Fak;mkRtwm Fi ehIykMhatbg;kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgKW Fo Fi . dUcKa
strain enAkgebtug c RtUvEtesInwgbMErbMrYl strain rbs; tendon s . dUcenH c = s b
( f c / Ec ) = (f s / E s ) ehIykMhatbg;kugRtaMgEdlbNalBI elastic shortening KW
576
NPIC
T.Chhay
f s =
Edl
Es
nF nF
f c = nf c = i o
Ec
Ac
Ac
(19.1)
RkLaprbs;muxkat;ebtug
n = E s / Ec = pleFobm:UDul (modular ratio)
f c = kugRtaMgrbs;ebtugenARtg;TIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg
KuNkugRtaMgnwgRkLaprbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg Asp edIm,ITTYl)ankMlaMgsrub . Elastic loss KW
Ac =
nF
ES = Fo Fi = f s Asp = (nf c )Asp o
Ac
Fi = Fo (nf c )Asp
Asp
(19.2)
(19.3)
sMrab;karKNnaGnuvtn_ kMhatbg;kugRtaMgnkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg f s kgmYyktap Asp mantMl

Rbhak;RbEhlnwg nFo / Ac . RbsinebI kMlaMg Fo manGMeBIRtg;cMNakpit e enaH elastic loss Edl
bNalBIvtmann Fo nigbnkefrGnuvtn_enAeBleprKW
ES = (nf c )Asp EdlbNalBIeRbkugRtaMg + (nf c )Asp bnkefr
F F e2
M e
ES = Fo Fi = i + i nAsp + D nAsp
A
I
I
(19.4)
eKGaceRbItMlRbhak;RbEhln Fi = (0.63 f pu )Asp enAkgsmIkarxagelI.
1 e 2
Fo + f c (D.L.)nAsp = Fi 1 + nAsp +
A I
Fo + nAsp f c (D.L.)
Fi =
1 e2
1 + nAsp +
A I
(19.5)
sMrab; posttensioned member Edl tendon nig individual strand minrgkugRtaMgdMNalKa enaHeK
GackMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgesInwgBak;kNalntMl ES sMrab; prestensioned member.
dUcKa eKGacyk elastic shortening loss enAkgkMralxNesInwgmYyPaKbYnntMl ES
sMrab; prestensioned member edaysarkarlUtrbs; tendon mYyman\TiBltictYceTAelIkugRtaMgn
tendon dTeTot.
K> kMhatbg;edaysarkarrYmmaD
Loss Due to Shrinkage
kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgEdlbNalBIkarrYmmaDKWGaRsynwgeBl. eKGac)a:n;RbmaNvadUcxag
eRkam
577
NPIC
T.Chhay
SH = f s (shrinkage) = sh E s
(19.6)
Edl Es = 2 105 MPa nig sh = shrinkage strain enAkgebtug

eKGacsnt; Strain mFmEdlbNalBIkarrYmmaDmantMldUcxageRkam
- sh1 = 0.0003 sMrab; pretensioned member
- sh2 = 0.0002 sMrab; posttentioned member
RbsinebIeKGnuvt posttensioning kgcenaH 5 eTA 7 feRkayBIcak;ebtug/ eKGacyk shrinkage strain esInwg 0.8 sh1 . RbsinebIeKGnuvt posttensioning kgcenaH 1 s)ah_eTA 2 s)ah_ eK
GaceRbI sh = 0.7 sh1 nigRbsinebIeKGnuvt posttensioning eRkayeBlcak;ebtugeRcInCag 2 s)ah_
enaHeKGacyk sh = sh2 . eKkGac)a:n;RbmaNkMhatbg;edaykarrYmmaD SH dUcxageRkam
0.06V
SH = 8.2 10 6 K sh E s 1
S
(100 RH )
Edl V / S = pleFobmaDelIp nig RH = average relative humidity. K sh = 1.0 sMrab; pretensioned

member nigesInwg 0.8 / 0.73 / 0.64 nig 0.58 sMrab; posttensioned member RbsinebIeKGnuvt
posttensioning eRkayeBlcak;ebtug 5 / 10 / 20 nig 30 f erogKa.
X> kMhatbg;edaysar creep rbs;ebtug

CakMhUcRTg;RTayGaRsynwgeBlEdlekIteLIgenAkgebtugeRkamGMeBIbnkefr. kMhUc
RTg;RTayEdlekIteLIgedaysar creep eFVIeGay)at;bg;kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgBI 5% eTA 7% .
Creep strain ERbRbYlCamYynwgGaMgtg;sIuetnkugRtaMgedImenAkgebtug relative humidity
nigeBl. eKGackMNt;kMhatbg;kugRtaMgEdlbNalBI creep dUcxageRkam
Creep
CR = f s (creep) = Cc (nf c ) = Cc ( cr E s )
creepstrain, cp
Cc =
creep =
initial elastic strain, i
(19>7)
emKuN
Edl
eKGacyktMl Cc dUcxageRkam
ersIusg;ebtug
f 'c 28MPa
f 'c > 28MPa
Relative humidity
100%
50%
100%
50%
Cc
1 2
24
0.7 1.5
1 .5 3
578
NPIC
T.Chhay
eKGaceFVI interpolation sMrab;tMlEdlenAcenaHtMlEdlenAkgtaragxagenH. edayKitfa

creep EtBak;kNalekIteLIgkgGMLg 134 ExdMbUgn 6 ExdMbUgbnab;BIkarepreRbkugRtaMgeTAebtug
nigeRkamlkxNsMeNImFmta enaHeKGacsnt; creep strain sMrab;karKNnaGnuvtn_dUcxageRkam
!> sMrab; pretensioned members, cr = 7 105 kugRtaMgenAkgebtug
@> sMrab; postensioned members, cr = 5.2 105 kugRtaMgenAkgebtug. eKeRbItMlenH
enAeBlEdleKGnuvt posttensionning kgGMLg 2 eTA 3 s)ah_. sMrab;karGnuvt postensioning elOnCagenH eKGaceRbItMlkNal.
eKeRbItMlTaMgenH enAeBlEdlersIusg;rbs;ebtugenAeBleprKW f 'c 28MPa . enAeBlEdl
f 'c < 28MPa creep strain KYrekIneLIgkgGRta 4 / ersIusg;Cak;Esg.
kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgsrubEdlbNalBI creep = cr Es
(19.8)
g> kMhatbg;edaysar Relaxation rbs;Edk

rbs;EdkbNaleGaymankMhatbg;enAkgEdkeRbkugRtaMgGaRsynwgeBl Edl
RsedogKanwg creep enAkgebtugEdr. kMhatbg;edaysar relaxation ERbRbYleTAtamRbePTEdk.
CaTUeTA tMlrbs;vaRtUv)anpl;eGayedayGkplitEdk. CaFmta eKsnt;kMbaatbg;enHesInwg 3%
nkugRtaMgedImrbs;EdksMrab; posttensioned member nig 2% eTA 3% sMrab; pretensioned
members. RbsinebIeKminmanBtmanBIkarBiesaFeT eKGacPaKrykMhatbg;sMrab; relaxation enA
1000h dUcxageRkam
!> enAkg low-relaxation strands, enAeBlEdleRbkugRtaMgedImesInwg 0.7 f pu nig 0.8 f pu /
relaxation (RE) KW 2.5% nig 3.5% erogKa.
@> enAkg stress-relieved strand b wire, enAeBlEdleRbkugRtaMgedImesInwg 0.7 f pu nig
0.8 f pu / relaxation (RE) KW 8% nig 12% erogKa.
Relaxation
c> kMhatbg;edaysarkMlaMgkkit
Loss Due to Friction
CamYynwgEdkrg pretensioning kMhatbg;edaysarkMlaMgkkitekItmanenAeBlEdl wires b

strand dabtam diaphragm. CaFmtakMhatbg;enHmantMltUc ehIyeKGacecalva)an.
579
NPIC
T.Chhay
enAeBlEdl strand dabtam concordant profile enaHkMhatbg;edaysarkMlaMgkkitGacmantMlFM.

enAkrNIEbbenH CaFmtaeKeRbI]brkrN_Edlvas;bnkCak;EsgedIm,IkMNt;kMlaMgenAkg tendon.
CamYynwgEdkrg posttensioning, \TiBlnkMlaMgkkitmantMlFMedaysarktacMbgBIrKW
kMeNagrbs; tendon nigkar)at;bg;PaBRtg;rbs;bMBg; (wobble). RbsinebIeKTb;cugbgb;magrbs;
tendon edaykMlaMg P2 nigeKTajcugTMenrmageTotrbs; tendon edaykMlaMg P1 edIm,IeGay tendon
enaHrGiltamTisrbs;kMlaMg P1 )anluHRtaEt
P1 = P2 e
px
(19.9)
Edl = emKuNmMukkitsaTic nig px = mMurvag P1 nig P2 . CaTUeTAeKKit wobble effect tamviFI

RsedogKa
Px = Ps e ( + Kl x )
Ppj = Ppx e
Ppx = Ppj e
+ Kl px + p px
Kl px + p px
(19.10)
kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenARtg;cMnuc x
Ppx = kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenARtg; jacking end
p = emKuNkMlaMgkkitedaysarkMeNag
px = bMErbMrYlmMusrubnragtambeNayrbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMgBI jacking end eTAdl;cMnuc x
KitCara:dg;
RbEvgkMeNag
=
kaMkMeNag
K = emKuNkMlaMgkkit wobble kgmYyktaRbEvgrbs; tendon
CakarsMrYl ACI Code eGaynUvsmIkarxageRkamsMrab;krNI ( p px + Kl x ) 0.30 . lTplEdl
TTYl)anBIsmIkarCatMlRbEhl
Edl
Ppj =
Ppx = Ppj 1 + Kl px + p px
)1
(AIC Code, eq. 18.2)
(19.11)
emKuNkMlaMgkkit nig K GaRsynwgRbePTn strand b wire, RbePTbMBg; niglkxNp

b:H. ACI Commentaru, Sectin 18.6 nigenAkgtarag 19.2 eGaynUvtMlRbhak;RbEhlrbs; nig
K.
kMhatbg;edaysarkMlaMgkkitenAkg jack ERbRbYl nigGaRsynwgktaCaeRcIn edayrab;
bBalTaMgRbEvgrbs; tendon. eKENnaMeGayeRbI accurate load ceel edIm,Ivas;kMlaMgedaypal;.
580
NPIC
T.Chhay
kareRbI pressure gauge pl;nUvlTplminsuRkit luHRtaEteKeFVIkarEktMrUveTAtamkMlaMgEdleKsal;

enAkg tendon.
kMhatbg;edaysarkMlaMgkkitenAkg cnchorage KWGaRsynwgRbePT anchorage nigbrimaN
n deviation rbs; tendon Edlqgkat; anchorage. CaFmtakMhatbg;enHmantMltUcEdlGac
ecal)an. karENnaMkgkrNIBiessKYrTTYl)anBIplitkr.
tarag 19>2 emKuNkMlaMgkkitsMrab; posttensioned tendon
emKuNkMlaMgkkit wobble K emKuNkMlaMgkMlaMgkkit
RbePT tendon
kgmYyktaRbEvg (10 3 ) edaysarkMeNag
Tendon in flexible metal sheathing
(grouted)
Wire tendon
Seven-wire strand
High-strength bars
3.33 5.0
0.15 0.25
1.67 6.67
0.15 0.25
0.33 2
0.08 0.30
1 6.67
0.05 0.15
0.33 0.67
0.05 0.15
Pregreased unbonded tendon

Wire tendon and seven-wire strand
Mastic-coated unbonded tendon
Wire tendon and seven-wire strand
q> kMhatbg;edaysar Anchor set

enAeBlkMlaMgenAkg tendon RtUv)aneprBI jack eTA anchorage unit, clnart;cUlkgbnic
rbs; tendon ekIteLIgedaysarkardak; gripping device b wedge. karrGilenHbNaleGayman
tendon rYjxI EdleFVIeGay)at;bg;kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg. RbEvgrGilERbRbYlBI 2.5mm eTA 6mm ehIy
CaTUeTARtUv)ankMNt;edayplitkr. eKGacKNnakMhtbg; anchor set edayrUbmnxageRkam
f s = E s =
Edl
L
Es
L
(19.12)
GaMgtg;sIuetnkarrGil anchor
E s = 2 10 5 MPa
581
NPIC
T.Chhay
RbEvgrbs; tendon
edaysarkMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgCacMras;smamaRteTAnwgRbEvgrbs; tendon bRbEhlCaBak;kNal
nRbEvgrbs; tendon RbsinebIvargkugRtaMgBIcugsgxagkg eBlEtmYyPaKrykMhatbg;enAkgkug
RtaMgEdknwgRtUv)ankat;bnyenAeBlEdlRbEvgrbs; tendon ekIneLIg. RbsinebI tendon lUteday
enAeBlepr enaHeKecalkMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgedaysarkarrGil.
L=
]TahrN_ 19>2 FwmTMrsamBarg pretensionning RbEvg 11m manmuxkat;ctuekaNEkgCamYynwg
nig h = 80cm . KNnakMhatbg;eGLasic nigkMhatbg;EdlGaRsynwgeBlTaMgGs;. eK

eGay kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBleprKW Fi = 1935kN / RkLaprbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMgKW Aps =
1935mm 2 / f 'c = 35MPa / Ec = 34500MPa / E s = 2 105 MPa / profile rbs; tendon manrag
Ca)a:ra:bUl/ cMNakpitenAkNalElVg = 15cm nigcMNakpitenAcug = 0 .
b = 45cm
dMeNaHRsay
!> kMhatbg;edaysar elastic shortening: kugRtaMgEdl)anBIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBleprKW

Fi
1935 3
=
10 = 1000MPa
A ps 1935
rbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg = Efs = 21000

= 5 10 3
5
10
s
edayeRbIsmIkar 19>1
E
2 10 5
= 5.8 yk 6
n= s =
34500
E
strain
f s =
nFi
6 1935 3
10 = 32.25MPa
=
Ac 450 800
edayKitbMErbMrYlcMNakpittambeNayFwm
Fi
1935
strain enAmuxkat;xagcug =
=
10 3 = 1.56 10 4
450 800 34500
AE
c c
strain
enAkNalElVg = AFEi
c c
3
Fi e 2
IEc
bh
450(800 )3
I=
=
= 1.92 1010 mm 4
12
12
1935 150 2
strain = 1.56 10 4 +
10 3 = 2.22 10 4
10
1.92 10 34500
582
NPIC
T.Chhay
mFm = 12 (1.56 + 2.22)10 4 = 1.89 10 4

kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMg = strain Es = 1.89 104 2 105 = 37.8MPa
37.8
= 3.78%
PaKrykMhatbg; = 1000
@> kMhatbg;edaysar shrinkage:
strain
shrinkage strain = 0.0003
f s = sh E s = 0.0003 200000 = 60MPa

60
=
= 6%
1000
PaKrykMhatbg;
#> kMhatbg;edaysar creep rbs;ebtug edaysnt; Cc = 2.0 enaH f s = Cc ( cr Es )
Elastic strain =
Fi
= 1.56 10 4
Ac Ec
f s = 2 1.56 10 4 200000 = 62.4MPa

62.4
=
= 6.24%
1000
PaKrykMhatbg;
bedaytMlRbhak;RbEhl eyIgyk cr = 7 105 kugRtaMgenAkgebtug
1935
103 = 3.76 10 4
450 800
cr = 7 10 5
f s = cr E s = 3.76 10 4 200000 = 75.2MPa

75.2
=
= 7.52%
1000
PaKrykMhatbg;
vaCatMlEdlmansuvtiPaB ehIyeKnwgTTYl)anGRtadUcKasMrab;karKNnaxagelIRbsinebIeKyk
Cc = 2.41 .
$> kMhatbg;edaysar relaxation rbs;Edk sMrab; low-relaxation strand eKsnt;ykkMhatbg;
esInwg 2.5%
f s = 1000 2.5% = 25MPa
%> snt;kMhatbg;edaysarkarBt; kMlaMgkkitrbs; cable spacer nigbkxagcugrbs;RbBn

pretensioning KW 2% .
f s = 0.02 1000 = 20MPa
^> kMhatbg;edaysarkMlaMgkkitenAkg tendon KWsUn.

&> kMhatbg;srubmandUcxageRkam
583
NPIC
T.Chhay
Elastic Shortening
Shrinkage loss
Creep of concrete loss
Relaxation of steel loss
Other loss
Total loss
37.8MPa
60.0MPa
62.4MPa
25.0MPa
20.0MPa
205.2MPa
3.78%
6.00%
6.24%
2.50%
2.00%
20.52%
eRbkugRtaMgRbsiTPaB = 1000 167.4 = 832.6MPa

kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRbsiTPaB F = 832.6 1935 10 3 = 1611kN
F = (1 0.167 )Fi = 0.833Fi
sMrab; F = Fi
dUcenH = 0.833
]TahrN_ 19>3 KNnakMhatbg;TaMgGs;n posttensioned beam EdlmanRbEvg 36m . RkLap
rbs;muxkat;ebtug ( Ac ) = 49 104 mm 2 / m:Um:g;niclPaB (I g ) = 6.83 1010 mm 4 / kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg

enAeBlepr (Fi ) = 4950kN / RkLapEdkeRbkugRtaMg (Aps ) = 4840mm 2 / f 'c = 35MPa /
Ec = 34500MPa / nig E s = 2 10 5 MPa . Profile rbs; tendon manragCa)a:ra:bUl/ cMNakpitenA
kNalElVg = 50cm nigcMNakpitenAxagcug = 0 .
dMeNaHRsay
!> kMhatbg;eday elastic shortening:

kugRtaMgEdkenAeBlepr = AFi
ps
4950 3
10 = 1022.7 MPa
4840
10 3 = 10.1MPa
kugRtaMgenAkgebtugRtg;muxkat;xagcug = 494950
4
10
2
kugRtaMgenAkgebtugRtg;muxkat;kNalElVg = AFi + FiIe MID e

c
TMgn;rbs;Fwm = 49 10 2 25 = 12.25kN / m
36 2
= 1984.5kN .m
8
2
4950
1982.5 500 6
3 4950 500
=
10
+
10 3
10
4
10
49 10
6.83 10
6.83 1010
M D = 12.25
kugRtaMgenAkNalElVg
kugRtaMgmFm
= 10.1 + 18.12 14.5 = 13.72 MPa

10.1 + 13.72
=
= 11.9MPa
2
584
NPIC
T.Chhay
11.9
mFm = 11E.9 = 34500
= 3.45 10 4
c
kMhatbg;eGLasicKW f s = c Es = 3.45 10 4 2 105 = 69MPa edaysnt;faeKTaj tendon
mgBIrkgeBlEtmYy. KUrTImYynwgmankMhatbg;FMCageK b:uEnKUrcugeRkaynwgmankMhatbg;esIsUn.
dUcenH kMhatbg;eGLasicmFm f s = 69 / 2 = 34.5MPa .
34.5
= 3.37%
.7
@> kMhatbg;edaysarkarrYmmaDrbs;ebtug
strain
f s (shrinkage) = 0.0002 E s = 0.0002 200000 = 40MPa

40
=
= 3.91%
1022.7
PaKrykMhatbg;
#> kMhatbg;;edaysar creep rbs;ebtug snt; Cc = 1.5
elastic strain =
Fi
4950
=
10 3 = 2.93 10 4
4
Ac Ec 49 10 34500
f s (creep) = Cc ( cr E s ) = 1.5 2.93 10 4 200000 = 87.9MPa

87.9
=
= 8.59%
1022.7
PaKrykMhatbg;
$> kMhatbg;edaysar relaxation rbs;Edk sMrab; low-relaxation strand, kMhatbg;KW 2.5%
f s = 0.025 1022.7 = 25.6MPa
%> karrGilrbs; anchorage: sMrab;karTajEtBIcugmag snt;RbEvgrGil 3.8mm

f s =
L
3.8
Es =
200000 = 21.1MPa
L
36000
edIm,IGnuBaateGaymankarrGilrbs; anchorage eKRtUvkMNt;kugRtaMgkgkarTaj 1022.7 + 21.1

= 1043.8MPa enAelI pressure gauge edIm,ITTYl net stress 1022.7 MPa enAkg tendon.
^> kMhatbg;EdlbNalBIkMlaMgkit smIkar parabolic profile KW
4e
e x = 2 (Lx x 2 )
L
Edl ex = cMNakpitenARtg;cMgay x Edlvas;BITMr nig e = cMNakpitenAkNalElVg
d (e x ) 4e
= 2 (L 2 x )
dx
L
CaCMerl (slope) rbs; tendon enARKb;cMnucTaMgGs;. enARtg;TMr e = 0 eyIgTTYl)an slop

d (e x ) 4e 4 500
=
=
= 0.056
dx
L 36000
585
NPIC
T.Chhay
enAkNalElVgesIsUn. dUcenH px = 0.056 . edayeRbI flexible metallic sheath,

p = 0.5 nig K = 0.00333 . enAkNalElVg x = 18m . RtYtBinitfaetI ( p px + Kl x ) 0.30
slope
p px + Kl x = 0.5 0.056 + 0.00333 18 = 0.088 < 0.3
Ppx = Ppj 1 + Kl px + p px
= Px (1 + 0.088) = 1.088 Px
= 1.088 1022.7 = 1112.7 MPa
kMlaMgenAcug jacking
f s = 1112.7 1022.7 = 90MPa

90
=
= 8.8%
1022.7
PaKrykMhatbg;
&> kMhatbg;srub
Elastic Shortening
Shrinkage loss
Creep of concrete loss
Relaxation of steel loss
Friction loss
Total loss
34.5MPa
40.0MPa
87.9MPa
25.6MPa
90.0MPa
278.0MPa
3.37%
3.91%
8.59%
2.50%
8.80%
27.17%
eRbkugRtaMgRbsiTPaB = 1022.9 243.5 = 779.2MPa

kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRbsiTPaB (F ) = (1 0.238)Fi = 0.762Fi
F = 0.762 4950 = 3772kN
sMrab; F = Fi
dUcenH = 0.762
4> viPaKGgt;rgkarBt;begag
Analysis of Flexural Members
k> kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIlkxNmanbnk niglkxNKanbnk

Stresses Due to Loaded and Unloaded condition
enAkgkarviPaKFwmebtugeRbkugRtaMg CaTUeTAkardak;bnkBIrmaneRKaHfak;CageK. TImYyKWekIt

manenAeBlepr KWenAeBlFwmrgkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg Fi ehIyTMgn;rbs;Fwm bbnkefrGnuvtn_enAxNn
kareprkMlaMgkugRtaMg. eKminKitlkxNbnkefrbEnm bbnkGefreT. kglkxNKanbnkenH kug
RtaMgenAsrsEpkxagelIbMput nigEpkxageRkambMputnmuxkat;eRKaHfak;minRtUvFMCagkugRtaMgenA
eBlepr f ci nig f ti sMrab;kugRtaMgrgkarsgt; nigkugRtaMgrgkarTajrbs;ebtugerogKa.
586
NPIC
T.Chhay
krNITIBIrnkardak;bnkekIteLIgenAeBlEdlFwmrgkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgeRkayBIekItmankMhat
bg;TaMgGs; nigrgnUvbnkefr nigGefr. enAkglkxNmanbnkenH kugRtaMgenAsrsEpkxagelIbM
put nigEpkxageRkambMputnmuxkat;eRKaHfak;dac;xatminRtUvFMCagkugRtaMgGnuBaat f c nig f t sMrab;
kugRtaMgrgkarsgt; nigkugRtaMgrgkarTajrbs;ebtugerogKa.
lkxNTaMgenHGacsresrCaTMrg;KNitviTadUcxageRkam
!> sMrab;lkxNKanbnk enAeBlepr
- enAsrsEpkxagelIbMput
ti =
Fi (Fi e ) yt M D yt
+
f ti
A
I
I
(19.14)
- enAsrsEpkxageRkambMput
bi =
Fi (Fi e ) yb M D yb
f ci
A
I
I
(19.15)
@> sMrab;lkxNmanbnk bnkTaMgGs;RtUv)andak;eRkayBIkMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMg

- enAsrsEpkxagelIbMput
(19.16)
- t = FA + (FeI)yt M DI yt M IL yt f c
- enasrsEpkxageRkambMput
- b = FA (FeI)yb M DI yb M LI yb f t
(19.17)
Edl Fi nig F = kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBlepr nigeRkayBIkMhatbg;
f ti nig f t = kugRtaMgrgkarTajenAkgebtugenAeBlepr nigeRkayBIkMhatbg;
f ci nig f c = kugRtaMgrgkarsgt;enAkgebtugenAeBlepr nigeRkayBIkMhatbg;
M D nig M L = m:Um:g;EdlbNalBIbnkefr nigbnkGefr
yt nig yb = cMgayBIGkSNWteTAsrsEpkxagelIbMput nigEpkxageRkambMput
enAkgkarviPaK eKsnt;fasMParmanlkNeGLasicenAkgEdneFVIkarnkugRtaMgEdlGnuvt.
x> EdnkMNt;sl
Kern Limits
RbsinebIeKGnuvtkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenARtg;TIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat; vanwgekItmankugRtaMg
BRgayesI. RbsinebIGnuvtkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenARtg;cMNakpit e BIeRkamTIRbCMuTMgn; EdleFVIy:agNa
eGaykugRtaMgenAsrsEpkxagelIbMputesIsUn enaHeKcat;TukkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenHmanGMeBIRtg;cMnug
587
NPIC
T.Chhay
rUbTI 19>5. enAkgkrNIenH e RtUv)ansMKal;eday K b ehIIykarBRgaykugRtaMgman

ragRtIekaN EdlmankugRtaMgsgt;GtibrmaenasrseRkameKbMput. kugRtaMgenAsrsxagelIbMputKW
lower kern
t =
Fi (Fi e ) yt
+
=0
A
I
e = K b = lower kern =
I
Ayt
(19.17)
dUcKa RbsinebIeKGnuvtkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenARtg;cMNapit e' BIelITIRbCMuTMng; EdleFVIy:agNaeGaykug

RtaMgenAsrsEpkxageRkambMputesIsUn enaHkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)aneKcat;TukfamanGMeBIRtg;cMnuc
upper lower rUbTI 19>5. enAkgkrNIenHcMNapit e' RtUv)ansMKal;eday K t ehIykarBRgaykug
RtaMgmanragRtIekaN EdlmankugRtaMgsgt;GtibrimaenAsrsEpkxagelIbMput. kugRtaMgenAsrs
EpkxageRkambMputKW
b =
Fi (Fi e ) yb
+
=0
A
I
e' = K t = upper kern =

Kern limits
I
Ayb
(19.18)
nmuxkat;RtIekaNRtUv)anbgajenArUbTI 19>5.
588
NPIC
T.Chhay
K> karkMNt;tMlncMNakpit
Limiting Values of Eccentricity
eKGacsresrsmIkarkugRtaMgTaMgbYn BIsmIkar 19.13 dl; 19.16CaGnuKmn_ncMNakpit e

sMrab;lkxNnkardak;bnkepSg. Ca]TahrN_ eKGacsresrsmIkar 19.13 dUcxageRkam
Fi (Fi e ) yt M D yt
+
f ti
A
I
I
(Fi e ) yt f + Fi + M D yt
ti
I
A
I
I Fi M D yt
+ f ti
e
+
Fi yt A
I
ti =
(19.19)
RbsinebIeKeRbI lower kern limit K b = I / Ayt / enaH

e Kb +
M D f ti AK b
+
Fi
Fi
(19.20)
tMl e CacMNakpitGtibrmaEdlQrelIsrsEpkxagelIbMputsMrab;lkxNKanbnk.
dUcKa BIsmIkar 19.14
I Fi M D yb
+ f ci
+
Fi yb A
I
f AK
M
e K t + D + ci t
Fi
Fi
e
(19.21)
(19.22)
tMl e CacMNakpitGtibrmaEdlQrelIsrsEpkxageRkambMputsMrab;lkxNKanbnk. eKKNna

tMlGtibrma e BIsmIkarelITaMgBIredayyktMlEdltUcCagmkeRbI.
BIsmIkar 19.15
I F M T yt
fc
+
Fyt A
I
f AK b
M
e Kb + T c
F
F
e
(19.23)
(19.24)
Edl M T = m:Um:g;EdlbNalBIbnkefr nigbnkGefr = (M D + M L ) . tMlenHCacMNakpitGb,brma EdlQrelIsrsEpkxagelIbMputsMrab;lkxNRTbnk. BIsmIkar 19.16

I F M T yb
ft
+
Fyb A
I
f AK t
M
e Kt + T t
F
F
(19.25)
(19.26)
589
NPIC
T.Chhay
tMlenHCacMNakpitGb,brmaEdlQrelIsrsEpkxageRkambMput sMrab;lkxNmanbnk. eKKYr

KNnatMlGb,brma e TaMgBIrenHBIsmIkarTaMgBIrxagelI ehIyeKykcMNakpitGb,brmaNaEdl
mantMlFMCageKmkeRbI.
X> tMlkMNt;mkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBlepr
Limiting Values of the Prestessing Force at Transfer
edayKitfa F = Fi Edl CapleFobn net prestressing force eRkayBIkMhatbg; nig

sMrab;krNIepSgnkardak;bnk eKGacsresrsmIkar 19.20, 19.22, 19.24 nig 19.26 eLIgvijdUc
xageRkam
(e K b )Fi M D + f ti AK b
(e + K t )Fi M D + f ci AK t
(19.27)
(19.28)
(e K b )Fi M D + M L 1 ( f c AK b )
(19.29)
(e + K t )Fi M D
(19.30)
ML
( f t AK t )
CMnYsmIkar 19.27 eTAkgsmIkar 19.30 eKTTYl)an

b
f AK t
1 M
Fi (K b + K t ) M D 1 + L t
f ti AK t
M L f t AK t
1
( f ti AK b )

Fi
1 M D +
(K b + K t )

(19.31)
tMl Fi CatMlGb,brmankMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBlepredaymineGayFMCagkugRtaMgGnuBaateRkam
lkxNmanbnk nigKanbnk. CMnYssmIkar 19.29 eTAkgsmIkar 19.28 edIm,ITTYl)an
Fi
M L f c AK b
1
+ ( f ci AK t )
+
1 M D
(K b + K t )

(19.32)
tMl Fi CatMlGtibrmankMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBlepredaymineGayelIskugRtaMgGnuBaateRkam
lkxNmanbnk nigKanbnk. edayCMnYssmIkar 19.31 eTAkgsmIkar 19.32
1
2M L
f
f
+ fti + c AKb + f ci + t AKt 0
1 2M D
(19.33)
smIkarenHbgajfa Fi max Fi min 0 . eKeRbIsmIkarenHsMrab;bgajfamuxkat;NamYymanlkN

RKb;RKan;.
590
NPIC
T.Chhay
]TahrN_ 19>4 FwmTMrsamBaEdlrgeRbkugRtaMgmunEdlmanRbEvg 14.4m manmuxkat;dUcbgajenA
kgrUbTI 19>6 a. FwmenHRTnUvbnkefr 13.15kN / m edayminrYmbBalTMgn;pal; nigrgnUvbnk

Gefr 16kN / m . edaysnt;faEdkeRbkugRtaMgpSMeLIgeday tendon 20 Edl tendon mYymanGgt;
pit 11.125mm CamYynwg Es = 2 105 MPa / Fo = 1200MPa nig ultimate strength
f pu = 1725MPa .
!> kMNt;TItaMgEdnkMNt;xagelI nigEdnkMNt;xageRkamrbs; tendon profile TIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;

EdkeRbkugRtaMg sMrab;muxkat;enAkNalElVg nigsMrab;muxkat;bIepSgeTotenAcenaHmux
kat;kNalElVg nigcugFwm.
591
NPIC
T.Chhay
@> dak; tendon cMTItaMgedIm,IbMeBjEdnkMNt;TaMgenH edayeGay tendon xHegIbeLIgcab;BI

cMnucmYyPaKbInRbEvgElVg. RtYtBinittMlkMNt;nkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBlepr.
#> RtYtBiniteLIgvijnUvkMhatbg; edayKit tendon profile Edl)aneRCIserIs nigbMErbMrYlcM
Nakpit e .
eRbI fci enAeBlepr = 28MPa / f 'c = 35MPa / Ec = 27600MPa nig Eci = 24800MPa .
dMeNaHRsay
!> kMNt;lkNrbs;muxkat;
RkLap = 600 150 + 450 150 + 300 250 = 23.25 104 mm2
592
NPIC
T.Chhay
kMNt;TIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat;edayKitm:Um:g;eFob)atrbs;muxkat;
1
(
yb =
75 103 125 + 90 103 550 + 67.5 103 925) = 522mm
4
23.25 10
yt = 1000 522 = 478mm
KNna gross moment of inertia I g
450(150 )3
150(600)3
Ig =
+ (150)(600 )(28)2
+ (450)(150)(403)2 +
12
12

300(250)3
+
+ (300 )(250)(397 )2
12
= 2.607 1010 mm 4
I
2.607 1010
Kb =
=
= 235.6mm
Ayt 23.25 10 4 478
Kt =
I
2.607 1010
=
= 214.8mm
Ayb 23.25 10 4 522
@> )a:n;RbmaNkMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMg eday Fo = 1200MPa

a. snt; elastic loss esI 4% b 0.04 1200 = 48MPa
b. kMhatbg;edaysarkarrYmmaDKW 0.0003Es = 0.0003 2 105 = 60MPa
c. kMhat;bg;edaysar creep rbs;ebtug kar)a:n;RbmaNdMbUgdlbMputnkMhatbg;eday
sar creep KW 1.67 dgn elastic loss
1.67 48 80 MPa
d.
e.
kMhatbg;edaysar relaxation nEdkKW 4% 0.04 1200 = 48MPa

kMhatbg;GaRsynwgeBlKW 60 + 80 + 48 = 188MPa
188
= 15.7%
kMhatbg;srubKW 188 + 48 = 236MPa
PaKrynkMhatbg;srubKW
236
= 19.7%
1200
f.
kugRtaMgkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg
Fi = 1200 48 = 1152MPa
enAeBlepr
F = 1200 236 = 964 MPa
593
NPIC
T.Chhay
F = Fi
= 1
=
pleFobkMhatbg;GaRsynwgeBl
964
= 0.837
1152
#> EdnkMNt;ncMNakpit e Rtg;kNalElVg kMNt;kugRtaMgGnuBaat nigm:Um:g;. enAeBlepr

f 'ci = 28MPa / f ci = 0.6 28 = 16.8MPa nig f ti = 0.25 f 'ci = 1.32MPa . enAeBlrgbnk
eFVIkar f 'c = 35MPa / fc = 0.45 f 'c = 15.75MPa nig ft = 0.5 f 'c = 2.96MPa .
bnkpal;rbs;Fwm = 23.25 102 25 = 5.81kN / m
5.81(14.4 )2
M D bnkpal; =
= 150.6kN .m
8
2
Ma
bnkbEnm nigbnkGefr = wa8L

=
(13.15 + 16)14.4 2
8
= 755.6kN.m
m:Um:g;srub (M T ) = M D + M L = 906.2kN .m
Fi = kugRtaMgenAeBlepr RkLapEdkeRbkugRtaMg
RkLaprbs; tendon 20 Edl tendon nImYymanGgt;pit 11.125mm KW
20 69.7 = 1394mm 2
Fi = 1394 1152 10 3 = 1606kN
F = 1394 964 10 3 = 1344kN
a.
BicarNamuxkat;enAkNalElVg
srsxagelIbMput kglkxNminrgbnk
e Kb +
M D f ti AK b
+
Fi
Fi
235.6 +
150.6 3 1.32 23.25 10 4 (235.6) 3

10 +
10 374.4mm
1606
1606
srsxageRkambMput kglkxNKanbnk
e Kt +
M D f ci AK t
+
Fi
Fi
214.8 +
150.6 3 16.8 23.25 10 4 214.8 3

10 +
10 401.4mm
1606
1606
yktMl e EdltUcCageKkgcMeNamlTplTaMgBIrxagelICatMlGtibrma.
594
NPIC
T.Chhay
dUcenH tMlGtibrmarbs; e = 374mm

srsxagelIbMput kglkxNrgbnk
M T f c AK b
F
F
906.2 3 15.75 23.25 10 4 235.6 3
235.6 +
10
10 268mm
1344
1344
e Kb +
srsxageRkambMput kglkxNmanbnk
M T f t AK t
F
F
906.2 3 2.96 23.25 10 4 214.8 3
214.8 +
10
10 349.5mm
1344
1344
e Kt +
b.
tMlGb,brmarbs; e CatMltUcCageKkgcMeNamlTplTaMgBIrxagelI.
dUcenH tMlGb,brmarbs; e = 350mm
BicarNamuxkat;EdlenAcMgay 2.4m BIkNalElVg muxkat;elx @ kgrUbTI 19>6 a
w
M D bnkpal; = R A (4.8) D (4.8)2
2
= (5.81)(7.2)(4.8)
5.81
(4.8)2 = 133.9kN.m
2
29.15
(4.8)2 = 671.6kN .m
M a = (29.15)(7.2)(4.8)
2
M T = 133.9 + 671.6 = 805.5kN .m
srsxagelIbMput sMrab;lkxNminrgbnk
133.9 3 1.32(23.25 10 4 )(235.6) 3
e 235.6 +
10 +
10 364mm
1606
1606
srsxageRkambMput sMrab;lkxNminrgbnk
133.9 3 16.8(23.25 10 4 )214.8 3
e 214.8 +
10 +
10 391mm
1606
1606
tMlGtibrmarbs; e = 364mm
srsxagelIbMput sMrab;lkxNRTbnk
805.5 3 15.75(23.25 10 4 )235.6 3
e 235.6 +
10
10 193mm
1344
1344
ssrxageRkambMput sMrab;lkxNRTbnk
805.5 3 2.96(23.25 10 4 )214.8 3
e 214.8 +
10
10 274.5mm
1344
1344
595
NPIC
T.Chhay
c.
tMlGb,brmarbs; e = 274.5mm
BicarNamuxkat;Rtg;cMgay 4.8m BIkNalElVg muxkat;elx # kgrUbTI 19>6 a
M D bnkpal; = 83.7 kN .m
M a = 419.8kN .m
M T = 503.5kN .m
- srsxagelIbMput sMrab;lkxNKanbnk e 333mm Gtibrma

- srsxageRkambMput sMrab;lkxNKanbnk e 360mm
- srsxagelIbMput sMrab;lkxNrgbnk e 32mm
- srsxageRkambMput sMrab;lkxNrgbnk e 50mm Gb,brma
d. BicarNamuxkat;Rtg;cMgay 0.9m BIcugFwm RbEvg anchorage
M D bnkpal; = 35.3kN .m / M a = 177.1kN .m nig M T = 212.4kN .m
- srsxagelIbMput sMrab;lkxNKanbnk e 303mm Gtibrma
- srsxageRkambMput sMrab;lkxNKanbnk e 330mm
- srsxagelIbMput sMrab;lkxNrgbnk e 248mm
- srsxageRkambMput sMrab;lkxNrgbnk e 167mm Gb,brma
$> Tendon profile RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 19>6 b. cMNakpitEdl)aneRCIserIsenAkNalElVgKW
e = 364mm EdlvaRKb;RKan;sMrab;muxkat; B enAcMgay 2.4m BIkNalElVg. TIRbCMuTMgn;nEdk
eRbkugRtaMgmanlkNedkcenaH A nig B nigbnb;mkeTreLIgEdlmanlkNCabnat;cenaHBI B
eTA E . cMNakpitenARtg;muxkat; C nig D RtUv)anKNnaedayeRbIbnat;eRTt BE EdlmanCMerl
364 / 4.8 = 75.83mm / m . cMNakpitRtg; C KW 182mm nigRtg; D KW 68mm . Tendon profile
Edl)aneRCIserIsbMeBjlkxNEdnkMNt;xagelI nigEdnkMNt;xageRkamrbs;cMNakpitenARKb;
muxkat;TaMgGs;.
karelIk tendon eLIgRtUv)aneFVIdUcxageRkam
a. dak; tendon TaMg 20 Ggt;pit 11.125mm
enAmYyPaKbInkNalElVgrbs;FwmedaymanKMlat 50mm BIKadUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 19>6 a.
edIm,IKNnacMNakpitCak;EsgenARtg;muxkat;kNalElVg Kitm:Um:g;sMrab; tendon eFobnwg)at
rbs;muxkat;
596
NPIC
T.Chhay
cMgayBI)at = 201 (16 125 + 4 275) = 155mm

e kNalElVg = yb 155 = 522 155 = 367 mm
EdlvaEk,rnwg 364mm Edl)ansnt;. RbsinebIebIeKdak; tendon BIrenAcMgay 75mm BI
tendon EdlenAxageRkam enaHcMgayBI)atkayeTACa
1
(16 125 + 2 250 + 2 325) = 158mm
20
b.
enaHcMNakpitnwgkayeTACa 522 158 = 364mm EdlesIweTAnwgcMNakpitEdl)ansnt;. Ca

karGnuvt eKdak; tendon TaMgGs;edaymanKMlatBIKa 50mm .
elIkEt tendon EdlenAkNalcMnYn 12 eGayegIbeLIg. karBRgay tendon enAmuxkat;xag
cugRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 19>6 a. RtYtBinitcMNakpitrbs; tendon edayKitm:Um:g;eFobTI
RbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat;ebtugsMrab; tendon 12 enAxagelI nig tendon 8 eTotEdlRtUv)andak;
enAxageRkam
e=
1
(8 364 12 226) = 10mm
20
tMl e enHtUc nigRKb;RKan;. cMNakpitCak;EsgenAcMgay 0.9m BImuxkat;xagcug

e=
0.9
(364 10) + 10 = 76mm
4.8
cMNakpitCak;EsgenAcMgay 2.4m BImuxkat;xagcugKW

e=
1
(364 10) + 10 = 187mm
2
%> tMlkMNt;rbs; Fi tMlrbs; Fi EdleRbIsMrab;karKNnaBIxagelIKW Fi = 1606kN .

RtYtBinit Fi Gb,brmaedayeRbIsmIkar 19.31:
Fi min =
M L ( f t AK t )
1
( f ti AK b )
1 M D +
(K b + K t )
6
1
2.96 23.25 10 4 214.8
6 755.6 10
1
150
.
6
10
10
0.837
0.837
=
0.837
(235.6 + 214.8)
4
1.32 23.25 10 235.6
= 1516.8kN
vamantMltUcCag Fi EdleRbI. RtYtBinit Fi GtibrmaedayeRbIsmIkar 19.32:

Fi max =
M L f c AK b
1
+
+ f ci AK t
1 M D
(K b + K t )
597
NPIC
T.Chhay
1
15.75 23.25 10 4 235.6
6 755.6 10
1
150
.
6
10
10
0.837
0.837
=
0.837
(235.6 + 214.8)
4
+ 16.8 23.25 10 214.8
= 2081.9kN
vamantMlFMCag Fi EdleRbI. dUcenHmuxkat;eRKaHfak;enAkNalElVgKWRKb;RKan;.

^> RtYtBinitkMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMg edayeyIgman Fo = 1200MPa nig Aps = 1394mm2
kMlaMg Fo srub = 1200 1394 103 = 1672.8kN
Ec = 27600MPa
E
200000
n= s =
= 7.25
Ec
27600
MD
enAkNalElVg = 150.6kN .m
Fi =
Fo + nAps f c (D.L.)
1 + nAps
a.
yk n = 7
2
3
2
1 e
+
A I
tMlrbs; fc Edl)anBIkarBRgaybnkefrRtUvKuNnwg 2 / 3 edIm,IbgajBIbMErbMrYlrag)a:ra:bUl

rbs;kugRtaMgbnkefrtambeNayFwm Edlpl;eGaynUvtMlRbhak;RbEhlrbs; Fi )an
RbesIrCag.
kMNt;tMlmFmrbs; e2 EdlTTYlenAkgFwm. ExSekagtMNageGay e2 RtUv)anbgajenA
kgrUbTI 19>6 c
e
mFm
1
1
1 (5776 0.9) + (5776 3.9) + (126720 3.9)

=
3
3
7.2
+ (2.4 132496 )
= 70414.7mm 2
e = 265mm
b.
RkLaprbs;)a:ra:bUlesInwgRkLaprbs;ctuekaNEkg.
kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIbnkefrenARtg;nIv:Urbs; tendon KW
f c (D.L.) =
150.6 265
2.607 10
10
10 6 = 1.53MPa
598
NPIC
T.Chhay
dUcenH
1672.8 103 + 7(1394) 1.53
2
3
Fi =
10 3 = 1575.1kN
1
70414.7
+
1 + 7(1394 )
4
2.607 1010
23.25 10
elastic loss
KW 1672.8 1575.1 = 97.7kN = 5.8% . tMlenHKWFMCag elastic loss Edl)an
snt; 4% .
97.7 3
kgmYyktaRkLapEdk = 1394
10 = 70MPa
1575.1 3
Fi kgmYyktaRkLap =
10 = 1130MPa
1394
kMhatbg;GaRsynwgeBl
kMhat;bg;edaysarkarrYmmaDebtug = 60MPa dUcelIkmun
kMhatbg;edaysar creep
elastic loss
c.
elastic strain =
Fi
1575.1
=
103 = 2.45 10 4
4
Ac Ec
23.25 10 27600
f s = Cc ( cr Es )
yk Cc = 1.5 enaH
f s = 1.5 2.45 10 4 200000 = 73.5MPa

73.5
=
= 6.5%
1130
PaKrykMhatbg;
kMhatbg;edaysar relaxation rbs;EdkKW 48MPa dUcelIkmun. kMhatbg;GaRsynwgeBl
esInwg 60 + 73.5 + 48 = 181.5MPa ehIyPaKrykMhatbg;KW 181.5 / 1130 = 16% Edlman
tMlEk,rnwgtMlEdl)ansnt; 15.7% .
F = Fi = (1 0.16)Fi = 0.84 Fi
= 0.84
5> KNnaGgt;rgkarBt;begag
k> sBaaNTUeTA
Design of Flexural Members
General
EpkBIedIm)anbBaak;fakugRtaMgenAsrsxagelIbMput nigsrsxageRkambMputnmuxkat;eRKaH
fak;rbs;Ggt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgminRtUvFMCagkugRtaMgGnuBaatsMrab;RKb;krNITaMgGs; bdMNak;kaln
599
T.Chhay
NPIC
kardak;bnk. bEnmBIelIlkxNTaMgenH eKRtUvKNnaGgt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgCamYynwgemKuNsuvtiPaBRKb;RKan;edIm,IRbqaMgnwgkar)ak;. ACI Code tMrUveGaym:Um:g;Edl)anBIbnkemKuN M u minRtUvFM

CagersIusg;rgkarBt; M n nmuxkat;Edl)anKNna.
sMrab;krNI tension-controlled section, FwmebtugeRbkugRtaMgcab;epIm)ak;enAeBlEdlkug
RtaMgEdkFMCag yield strength rbs;EdkEdleRbIenAkgmuxkat;ebtug. EdkeRbkugRtaMgersIusg;nwgmin
bgajcMnuc yield c,as;las;dUcEdkFmtaEdleRbIenAkgebtugGarem:eT. b:uEneRkamkarbEnmbnk
strain enAkgEdkekIneLIgedayGRtay:agelOn ehIykar)ak;ekIteLIgenAeBl compressice strain
Gtibrmarbs;ebtugmantMlesInwg 0.003 rUbTI 19>7.
EdnkMNt;sMrab;EdkBRgwgrbs;Ggt;rgkarBt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgEdlGaRsyeTAtam ACI Code,

Section 18.8 KWQrelI net tensile strain sMrab; tension-controlled, transition b compressionesckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
600
NPIC
T.Chhay
edayeKarBtam ACI Code, Section 10.3 dUcEdl)anBnl;enAkgCMBUk 3. em

KuNkat;bnyersIusg; RtUv)aneGayenAkgCMBUkTI 3 edayQrelI ACI Code, Section 9.3.
controlled section
x> muxkat;ctuekaN
Rectangular Sections
eKGackMNt; Nominal moment capacity rbs;muxkat;ctuekaNdUcxageRkam eyagtamrUb

TI 19>7
a
a
M n = C d = T d
2
2
(19.34)
Edl T = Aps f s nig C = 0.85 f 'c ab . sMrab; C = T

a=
Aps f ps
0.85 f 'c b
p f ps
0.85 f 'c
EdlpleFobEdkeRbkugRtaMgKW p = Aps / bd ehIy Aps nig

EdkeRbkugRtaMg. yk
f ps
f 'c
p = p
(19.35|
f ps
CaRkLap nigkugRtaMgTajrbs;
0.32 1
p
bnab;mk
a=
d
(19.36)
0.85
tMl p CakMlaMgenAkg tendon EdlRtUv)anvas;edaypal;. edIm,IFananUv tesion-controlled
behavior, ACI Code, Section 18.8.1 kMNt;fa p minRtUvFMCag 0.321 EdkRtUvKanwg net tensile
strain t = 0.005 . cMNaMfa 1 = 0.85 sMrab; f 'c 28MPa nwgkat;bnyeday 0.05 sMrab;ral;
7 MPa sMrab; 28MPa < f 'c < 56MPa ehIyesInwg 0.65 sMrab; f 'c > 56MPa . eKkGacsresr
a
M n = Aps f ps d
2
p f ps
M n = A ps f ps d 1
1 .7 f ' c
p
M n = A ps f ps d 1
1
.
7
(19.37)
(19.38)
nig M u = M n
enAkgsmIkarBImun f ps CakugRtaMgenAkgEdkeRbkugRtaMgenAeBl)ak;. eKminGackMNt;tMl
Cak;Esgrbs; f ps edaygayRsYleT. dUcenH ACI Code, Section 18.7.2 GnuBaateGay)a:n;RbmaN
tMl f ps dUcxageRkam.
601
NPIC
T.Chhay
sMrab; bonded tendons

p
f ps = f pu 1
1
p pu
f 'c
(19.39)
sMrab; unbonded tendon enAkgGgt;EdlmanpleFobElVgelIkMBs;tUcCag besI 35
f 'c
f ps = f se + 69 +
f py
100 p
(19.40)
RbsinebI f se 0.5 f pu nigRbsinebI f ps sMrab; unbonded tendon minFMCag f py b f se + 415MPa .

sMrab; unbonded tendon enAkgGgt;EdlmanpleFobElVgelIkMBs;FMCag 35
f 'c
f ps = f se + 69 +
300 p
(19.41)
b:uEnminRtUvFMCag f py b f se + 207MPa Edl

p = emKuNsMrab;RbePTrbs; tendon eRbkugRtaMg
= 0.55 sMrab; f py / f pu EdlmintUcCag 0.8
f pu = ersIusg;TajEdlkMNt;rbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg
f se = kugRtaMgRbsiTPaBenAkgEdkeRbkugRtaMgeRkayeBlkMhatbg;TaMgGs;
f py = specified yield strength rbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg
enAkgkrNIEdl p > 0.321 FwmebtugeRbkugRtaMgCa compression-controlled section.
edIm,IFananUv ductile failure eKkMNt; p RtwmtMlGtibrma 0.321 . sMrab; = 0.321 nig
a = 0.377 1d eyIgTTYl)an
0.32 1
M n = Aps f ps d 1
1.7
= p bd f ps d (1 0.1881 )
= p f 'c (1 0.1881 )bd 2
)
= 35MPa / = 0.8 . enaH
= 0.321 0.0612 f 'c bd 2
sMrab;
f 'c
(19.42)
M n = 0.22 f 'c bd 2 = 1.09bd 2
dUcKa/ sMrab;
f 'c = 28MPa M n = 0.915bd 2
nigsMrab;
f 'c = 42 MPa M n = 1.238bd 2
602
NPIC
T.Chhay
K> muxkat;Edlmansab
Flanged Sections
sMrab;muxkat;mansab (T- or I-section) RbsinebIkMBs;bk a sitenAkgsab eKnwgKitvaCa

muxkat;ctuekaNEkg. RbsinebI a sitenAkgRTnug enaHeKKitRTnugCamuxkat;ctuekaNEkgedayeRbI
TTwgRTnug nigTTwgsabEdlelIs (b bw ) RtUv)anKitdUcKanwgebtugGarem: T-section Edl)anBnl;
enAkgCMBUk 3 nig4. eKGacKNna design moment strength rbs; flanged section dUcxageRkam
emIlrUbTI 19>7.
M n = M n1 ersIusg;m:Um:g;rbs;RTnug + M n2 ersIusg;m:Um:g;rbs;sabEdlelIs
hf
M n = A pw f ps d p + A pf f ps d p
2
2
A pw f ps
a=
M u = M n
0.85 f 'c bw
(19.43)
nig
Edl
Apw = Aps Apf
Apf = 0.85 f 'c (b bw )h f / f ps
kMras;rbs;sab
cMNaMfaRkLapEdkeRbkugRtaMgsrub Aps EckecjCaBIrEpk Apw nig Apf EdlbegIt web
moment capacity nig flange moment capacity. sMrab;muxkat;Edlmansab snsSn_EdkBRgwg
(reinforcement index) pw minRtUvFMCag 0.32 1 sMrab; tension-controlled section Edl
A pw f ps
f
= GRtaEdkRTnugeRbkugRtaMg ps
pw =
b d
f'
f'
hf =
X> EdkBRgwgrgeRbkugRtaMg
Nonprestressed Reinforcement
kgkrNIxH eKdak;EdkminrgeRbkugRtaMg As enAkgtMbn;Tajrbs;Ggt;rgkarBt;ebtugeRbkug

RtaMgCamYynwgEdkeRbkugRtaMg Aps edIm,IbegInersIusg;m:Um:g; (moment strength) rbs;Fwm. enAkg
krNIenH Edksrub Aps nig As RtUv)anBicarNaenAkgkarviPaKm:Um:g;. sMrab;muxkat;ctuekaNEdl
manEdkrgeRbkugRtaMg nigEdkminrgeRbkugRtaMg eKKNna design moment strength M n dUcxag
eRkam
a
a
M n = Aps f ps d p + As f y d
2
2
(19.44)
603
NPIC
T.Chhay
Edl a = Aps0.f85ps f+' Abs f y / ehIy d p nig d CacMgayBIsrsrgkarsgt;xageRkAbMputeTATIRbCMuTMgn;

c
rbs;EdkrgeRbkugRtaMg nigEdkminrgeRbkugRtaMg erogKa. sMrab;muxkat;Edlmansab
hf
a
a
M n = A pw f ps d p + As f s d + A pf f ps d p
2
2
2
Edl
(19.45)
Apw = Aps Apf

a=
Aps f ps + As f y
0.85 f 'c bw
sMrab;muxkat;ctuekaNEkgEdlmanEdkrgkarsgt; ehIym:Um:g;RtUv)anKiteFobnwgkMlaMg C
a
a
M n = Aps f ps d p + As f y d + A's f y d '

2
2
Aps f ps + As f y A's f y
a=
0.85 f 'c b
(19.46)
Edl
smIkarenHmannyEtenAeBlEdlEdkrgkarsgt; yield. lkxNsMrab;Edkrgkarsgt; yield KW
Aps f ps + As f y A's f y
f ' d ' 600
0.851 c
bd
d 600 f y
RbsinebIeKminCYblkxNenHeT enaHEdkrgkarsgt;min yield eT. enAkgkrNIenH eKGacecal A's

yk A's = 0 bm:ageTot eKGackMNt;kugRtaMgenAkg A's edaykarviPaKTUeTA dUcEdlBnl;enAkg
CMBUk 3.
enAeBleKeRbIEdkrgeRbkugRtaMg nigEdkminrgeRbkugRtaMgenAkgmuxkat;dUcKa eKKYrGansmIkar
19.39 dUcxageRkam
p
f ps = f pu 1
1
f
p pu + d ( ') (ACI Code, Eq. 18.3)
f 'c d p
RbsinebIeKKitEdkrgkarsgt;TaMgGs; enAeBlKNna
p
f pu
f 'c
f ps
(19.47)
enaHtY
d
( ') 0.17
dp
nig d ' 0.15d p

Edl d / d ' nig d p CacMgayBIsrsrgkarsgt;xageRkAbMputeTATIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;EdkTajEdlminrg
eRbkugRtaMg Edkrgkarsgt; nigEdkrgeRbkugRtaMg erogKa.
p = emKuNsMrab;RbePTrbs; tendon eRbkugRtaMg
604
NPIC
T.Chhay
sMrab; f py / f pu EdlmintUcCag 0.85

1 = 0.85 sMrab; f 'c 28MPa nwgkat;bnyeday 0.05 sMrab;ekIneLIg 7 MPa rbs; f 'c Et
1 0.65 .
!> sMrab;muxkat;ctuekaNEkg ACI Cose,Section 18.8 kMNt;pleFobEdkdUcxageRkam
t 0.005 sMrab; tension controlled section
= 0 .4
wp +
Edl
d
0.321
dp
f ps
f 'c
p = p
fy
f
'
c
nig
p =
nig
Aps
bd
As
bd
EdkrgeRbkugRtaMg
EdkminrgeRbkugRtaMg
@> RbsinebIeKeRbIEdkFmta A's enAkgtMbn;sgt; enaHlkxNkayeTACa

p +
d
( ') 0.321
dp
Edl ' = ' ( f y / f 'c ) nig ' = A's / bd . EdnkMNt;Edk (reinforcement limitation)
mansarsMxan;edIm,I Fana plastic failure rbs;FwmebtugGarem:EdkmanEdktic.
#> sMrab;muxkat;mansab RkLapEdlcaM)ac;edIm,IbegItersIusg;rbs;RTnug Apw RtUv)aneRbI
edIm,IRtYtBinit reinforcement index.
f ps
0.32 1
pw RTnug = pw
f'
Apw
Edl
pw =
bw d d
RbsinebIeKeRbIEdkminrgeRbkugRtaMg enaH reinforcement limitation KW
pw +
Edl
w =
d
d pw
(w 'w ) 0.321
As f y
bw d f 'c
nig
'w =
A' s
bw d
fy
f 'c
enAeBleKmineRbIEdkrgkarsgt; A's enaH 'w = 0 . kgkarKNna nigkarviPaKGgt;

ebtugeRbkugRtaMgedayEpk (partially prestressed concrete member) eKRtUvEtCYb
lkxNEdkxagelI.
605
NPIC
T.Chhay
sMrab;fak; C nGgt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgrgkarBt; Edl ft > f 'c muxkat;EdleRbH

eKKYreRbI crack control provision EdlBnl;enAkgEpk 6>7 . enAeBleRbIsmIkar 6.18
sMrab;KMlatGtibrma s / ACI Code, Section 18.4 kMNt;dUcxageRkam
a. sMrab; tendon eRbIKMlat s = 17 mm .
b. sMrab;bnSMnEdkminrgeRbkugRtaMg nig tonden eRbIKMlat s = 20mm .
c. sMrab; tendon eRbI f ps CMnYseGay f s Edl f ps CaPaBxusKarvagkugRtaMgEdl
KNnaenAkg tendon eRbkugRtaMgeRkambnkeFVIkaredayQrelImuxkat;eRbH nig
decompression stress f dc enAkg tendon eRbkugRtaMg EdlRtUv)anKiteGayesInwgeRb
kugRtaMgRbsiTPaB (effective prestress) f se . cMNaMfa f ps minKYrelIsBI 250MPa .
RbsinebIvaticCag besInwg 140MPa eKminGacGnuvtKMlatEdlTamTareT.
eKGacsresrsmIkar 8.18 dUcxageRkam
2 3700
2.5Cc
s =
3 f ps
6> m:Um:g;eRbH
Cracking Moment
sameRbHekItmanenAkgFwmebtugeRbkugRtaMgenAeBlEdlkugRtaMgTajenAsrsEpkxageRkA
bMputrbs;muxkat;eRKaHfak;esI belIs modulus of rupture rbs;ebtug f r . eKGacsnt;tMlrbs;
f r sMrab;ebtugTMgn;FmtaeGayesInwg 0.62 f 'c . kugRtaMgenAsrsxageRkambMputrbs;FwmTMr
samBaEdlbegItedaykMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg nig cracking moment KW
b =
F (Fe ) yb M cr yb
+
A
I
I
enAeBlEdl b = f r = 0.62
M cr =
f 'c
enaH cracking moment KW
F (Fe ) yb
I
0.62 f 'c + +
yb
A
I
(19.48)
kugRtaMgTajGtibrmaeRkayBIkMhatbg;KW 0.62 f 'c EdltMNageGay f r . enAkgkrNIenH Fwmeb

tugeRbkugRtaMgenArkSamuxkat;minmansameRbHeRkamGMeBIbnkefr. edIm,IFanaPaBRKb;RKan;ersIusg;Rb
qaMgnwgsameRbH ACI Code, Section 18.8.3 TamTarfa ultimate moment strength rbs;Ggt; M n
y:agticRtUvesInwg moment cracking 1.2 dg.
606
NPIC
T.Chhay
]TahrN_ 19>5 sMrab;Fwmn]TahrN_ 19>4 cUrRtYtBinit design strength nigtMrUvkarrbs; ACI

Code
EdlRbqaMgnwg cracking moment.
dMeNaHRsay
!> RtYtBinitemIlfakMBs;bkkugRtaMg a sitenAkgsabbGt;.

a=
Aps f ps
(19.35)
0.85 f 'c b
n 20 tendon Edl tendon mYymanGgt;pit 11.125mm = 1394mm2

yk f py / fu = 0.85 / p = 0.4 nig p / 1 = 0.4 / 0.8 = 0.5 . sMrab; bonded tension
Aps
f pd
p
p
f ps = f pu 1
f 'c
1
(19.39)
d = 1000 158 = 842mm

Aps
1394
p =
=
= 3.68 10 3
bd
450 842
edayeKeGay
f pu = 1725MPa
1725
f ps = 17251 0.5 3.68 10 3

= 1568.6MPa
35
1394(1568.6)
a=
= 163.3mm
0.85(35)450
edayvamantMlFMCakMras;sab 150mm . dUcenH muxkat;enHeFVIkarCamuxkat;mansab.

@> sMrab;muxkat;mansab
hf
M n = Apw f ps d + Apf f ps d
2
2
Edl Apw = Aps Apf

Apf =
=
1
0.85 f 'c (b bw )h f
f ps
1
[0.85(35)(450 150)150] = 853.5mm 2
1568.6
Apw = 1394 853.5 = 540.5mm 2

a=
Apw f ps
0.85 f 'c bw
540.5(1568.6)
= 190mm
0.85(35)150
190 6
150 6
M n = 540.5(1568.6) 842
+ 853.5(1568.6) 842
= 1660.2kN .m
10
10
2
2
607
NPIC
T.Chhay
M n = 0.9(1660.2 ) = 1494.2kN .m
RtYtBinit reinforcement index sMrab;muxkat;mansab

pw =
A pw
bw d
pw = pw
540.5
= 4.28 10 3
150 842
f ps
f 'c
0.32 1 = 0.32 0.8 = 0.256
= 0.9
#> KNnam:Um:g;emKuNxageRkAEdl)anBIbnkefr nigGefr

bnkefr = TMgn;pal; + bnkefrbEnm
= 5.81 + 13.15 = 18.96kN.m
bnkGefr = 16kN / m
U = 1 .2 D + 1 .6 L
14.4 2
[1.2 18.96 + 1.6 16] = 1253.3kN .m
Mu =
8
m:Um:g;emKuNxageRkAenHmantMltUcCag ultimate moment capacity rbs;muxkat; 1494.2kN.m

dUcenHmuxkat;enHRKb;RKan;.
$> cracking moment smIkar !(>$* KW
M cr =
y
I
F
0.62 f 'c + + (Fe ) b
yb
A
I
BI]TahrN_ 19>4 F = 1344kN / A = 23.25 104 mm2 / e = 364mm / yb = 522mm /

I = 2.607 1010 mm 4 / f 'c = 35MPa nig 0.62 f 'c = 3.67 MPa
6
2.607 1010
1344 103
522
3
10
(
)
M cr =
3.67 +
1344
10
364
+
4
10
522
23.25 10
2.607 10
= 961.2kN.m
RtYtBinitemIlfa 1.2M cr M n
1.2 M cr = 1.2(961.2) = 1153.4kN .m
tMlenHKWtUcCag M n = 1494.2kN .m . dUcenH FwmenHRKb;RKan;kgkarTb;nwgkareRbH.
608
T.Chhay
NPIC
7> PaBdab
Deflection
PaBdabrbs;cMnucmYyenAelIFwmCabMlas;TIsrubrbs;cMnucenaH eTaHCaeLIgelI bcuHeRkamEdl
bNalBIkarGnuvtrbs;bnkenAelIFwmenaH. enAkgFwmebtugeRbkugRtaMgEdlRTedayTMrsamBa CaTU
eTAkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)aneKGnuvtenABIeRkamTIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat; EdlbegItCaPaBdabeLIgelI
EdleKeGayeQaHfa camber. TMgn;pal;rbs;Fwm nigbnkTMnajxageRkAEdlmanGMeBIenAelIFwmnwgeFVI
eGaymanPaBdabcuHeRkam. Net deflection CaplbUkBiCKNitnPaBdabTaMgBIr.
enAkgkarKNnaPaBdab eKcaM)ac;RtUvBicarNaTaMgPaBdabryeBlxI (short-term deflection)
bPaBdabPam (immediate deflection) nigPaBdabryeBlyUr (long-term deflection). edIm,IFa
naeGayeRKOgbgMGaceFVIkareTA)an PaBdabryeBlxIGtibrma nigPaBdabryeBlEvgGtibrmaenA
RKb;dMNak;kalnkardak;bnkEdlmanlkNeRKaHfak;TaMgGs;minRtUvFMCagtMnkMNt;Edl)ankMNt;
eday ACI Code emIlEpk 6>3.
eKGacKNnaPaBdabrbs;Ggt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgedaysmIkarPabdabsg;dar beday conven
tional method EdlmanenAkgesovePAviPaKeRKOgbgM. ]TahrN_ PaBdabenAkNalElVgrbs;FwmTMr
samBaEdlrgbnkTMnajBRgayesI w esInwg 5wL4 / 384EI . m:UDuleGLasicrbs;ebtugKW
Ec = 0.043w1.5 f 'c = 4780 f 'c sMrab;ebtugTMgn;Fmta.
eKKNnam:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;muxkat;ebtug I edayQrelIlkNrbs; gross section sMrab;
FwmEdlKansameRbH. eKGaceRbIkrNIenH)anenAeBlEdlkugRtaMgTajGtibrmaenAelIsrsxageRkA
bMputrbs;ebtugminelIs modulus of rupture rbs;ebtug f r = 0.62 f 'c Fwmfak; U . enAeBl
EdlkugRtaMgTajGtibrmaEdlWrelIlkNrbs; gross section FMCag 0.62 f 'c eKRtUveRbIm:Um:g;nicl
PaBRbsiTPaB (effective moment of inertia) I e EdlQrelImuxkat;EdlmansameRbH bGt;man
sameRbH dUcEdl)anBnl;enAkgCMBUk 6 Fwmfak; T nig C . PaBdabkNalE;lVgsMrab;FwmTMr
samBaEdlbNalBIbnkTMnaj nigkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)anbgajenAkgtarag 19>3.
]TahrN_ 19>6 sMrab;FwmenAkg]TahrN_ 19>4 cUrKNna camber enAeBlepr nigbnab;mkKNna

PaBdabPamEdlrMBwgTukcugeRkayEdlrgbnkeFVIkar.
dMeNaHRsay
!> PaBdabenAeBlepr
609
NPIC
T.Chhay
a.
KNnaPaBdabcuHeRkamEdlbNalBIbnkefrenAeBlepr kgkrNIenHbnkefrCabnkpal;
sMrab;FwmTMrsamBaEdlrgbnkBRgayesI
5wL4
D bnkefr =
384 EI
BI]TahrN_ 19>4/ wD = 5.81kN / m / L = 14.4m / Eci = 24800MPa nig
I = 2.607 1010 mm 4
610
NPIC
T.Chhay
D =
b.
5(5.81)14400 4
384(24800 )2.607 1010
= 5mm
cuHeRkam
KNna camber EdlbNalBIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg

sMrab;FwmTMrsamBaEdleKelIk tendon xHenAcMnucmYyPaKbI CamYynwgcMNakpitenAcMENk
mYyPaKbIkNalFwm e1 = 364mm nigenAcugFwm e2 = 0 .
p =
=
23(Fi e1 )L2
216 Eci I
23 1606 103 364 14400 2

216(24800 )2.607 1010
= 20mm
eLIgelI
cugeRkayenAeBleprKW 20 + 5 = 15mm eLIgelI

c. PaBdabeRkambnkeFVIkar
bnkeFVIkarBRgayesIsrubKW WT = 5.81 + 13.15 + 16 = 35kN / m
nig Ec = 27600MPa . PaBdabcuHeRkamEdlbNalBI WT KW
5WT L4
5(35)14400 4
cuHeRkam
w =
=
= 27 mm
384 E I 384(27600 )2.607 1010
Camber
EdlekItBIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg F = 1344kN nig Ec = 27600MPa KW

23(1344 103 364 )14400 2
eLIgelI
p =
= 15mm
Camber
216(27600 )2.607 1010
PaBdabPamcugeRkayeRkambnkeFVIkarKW
= w p = 27 15 = 12mm
cuHeRkam
8> KNnasMrab;kMlaMgkat;TTwg
Design for Shear
viFIKNnaedIm,IkMNt;EdkkMlaMgTTwg (shear reinforcement) enAkgFwmebtugeRbkugRtaMgesIr
EtdUcKanwgviFIKNnasMrab;FwmebtugGarem:. eKsnt;sameRbHedaysarkMlaMgkat;TTwg (shear crack)
ekIteLIgtammMu 45o edayvas;BIGkSrbs;Fwm. CaTUeTA TMrg;nsameRbHEdlTak;TgnwgkMlaMgkat;TTwg
cMnYnBIrRbePT. mYyRbePTKWbNalBI\TiBlEdlrYmpSMnkarBt; nigkMlaMgkat;TTwg sameRbHcab;
epImeLIgedaysameRbHedaykarBt; ehIybnab;mksameRbHenHcab;epImgak ehIyraltamTiseRTt
EdlbNalBI\TiBlnkMlaMgTajGgt;RTUg. RbePTTIBIrCa web-shear cracking ekItmanenAkgFwm
EdlkugRtaMgTajem bkugRtaMgTajGgt;RTUg (principal tensile stress) enAkgRTnugdtUcrbs;vaman
611
NPIC
T.Chhay
tMlFMebIeRbobeFobnwgkugRtaMgBt;. eKRtUveRbIEdkkgedIm,IFana principal tensile stress enAkgkrNI

TaMgBIr. eyIgnwgeRbIlkNvinicykgkarKNnarbs; ACI sMrab;kMlaMgkat;TTwg.
k> viFIcMbg
Basic Approach
QrelItMrUvkarersIusg;cugeRkay (ultimate strength requirement)

edayeRbIemKuNbnkEdl)anbgajenAkgCMBUk 3. enAeBlEdlkMlaMgkat;TTwgemKuN Vu FMCagBak;
kNaln nominal shear strength ( Vc / 2 ) eKmindak;EdkkgeT. . kMlaMgkat;TTwgKNnaEdlRtUv
kar Vu enARtg;muxkat;nImYyminRtUvFMCag nominal design strength Vn rbs;muxkat;EdlQrelI
nominal shear capacity Edl)anBIkarbUkpSMnebtug nigEdkRTnug.
ACI design approach
Vu Vn (Vc + Vs )
Edl
(19.49)
rbs;ebtug
Vs = nominal shear capacity rbs;Edk
= emKuNkat;bnyersIusg; = 0.75
enAeBlEdlkMlaMgkat;emKuN Vu tUcCag Vu / 2 eKRtUvkardak;EdkkMlaMgkat;Gb,brma.
Vc = nominal shear strength
x> ersIusg;kMlaMgkat;Edlpl;edayebtug
Shear Strength Provided by Concrete
bgajsmIkary:agsamBaEdl)anBIkarBiesaFedIm,I)a:n;RbmaN
nominal shear capacity rbs;Ggt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMg EdlenAkgGgt;enaH tendon mankMlaMgeRb
kugRtaMg f se y:agtic 40% ersIusg;Taj f pu
ACI Code, Section 11.4
V d
Vc = 0.05 f 'c + 4.8 u bw d
Mu
Edl
(ACI Code, Eq. 11.9)
(19.50)
nig M u = kMlaMgkat;emKuN nigm:Um:g;emKuNenARtg;muxkat;EdlBicarNa

bw = TTwgrbs;RTnug
V d
d kgtY u = cMgayBIsrsrgkarsgt;eTATIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg
Mu
d enAkgsmIkar Vci b Vcw = tMlEdlFMCageKkgcMeNam d xagelI nig 0.8h (ACI Code,
Vu
Section 11.4.2)
kareRbIsmIkar 19.50 RtUv)ankMNt;tamlkxNxageRkam

612
T.Chhay
NPIC
!> Vu d / M u 1.0 edIm,IKittMltUcn Vu nig M u

Vc Gb,brma
@> Vc (0.17 f 'c )bwd
#> Vc (0.42 f 'c )bwd
Vc Gtibrma
karERbRbYln shear capacity rbs;ebtugsMrab;FwmebtugeRbkugRtaMgEdlRTedayTMrsamBargnUvbnk
BRgayesIRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 19>8. cMNaMfa eKcaM)ac;dak;EdkkMlaMgkat;GtibrmaEk,rTMr nig
Ek,rcMnucmYyPaKbYnnElVgEdl Vs manxiteTArktMlGtibrma. pymkvij FwmebtugGarem:RtUvkar
EdkkMlaMgkat;TTwg bKMlatGb,brma EtEk,rTMrEdl Vs mantMlGtibrma.
eBlxH tMl Vc EdlKNnaedaysmIkar 19.50 GacmantMltUc dUcenH ACI Code, Section

11.4.2 eGaynUvviFIm:ageTotsMrab;KNna Vc EdlKitBicarNaersIusg;bEnmrbs;ebtugenAkgmuxkat;.
613
NPIC
T.Chhay
enAkgviFIenH Vc CatMlEdltUcCageKkgcMeNamersIusg;kMlaMgkat;rbs;ebtug Vci nig Vcw rUbTI

19>8.
ersIusg;kMlaMgkat; Vci RtUv)anQrelIkarsnt;fa flexural-shear cracking ekIteLIgEk,rEpk
qaybMputrbs; flexural cracking EdlenAcMgayRbEhl d / 2 BIcMnucrgbnknkarfycuHm:Um:g;. ACI
Code kMNt;fa Vci RtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam
VM
(19.51)
Vci = (0.05 f 'c )bw d + Vd + i cr
M
max
b:uEnvaminRtUvtUcCag (0.14 f 'c )bwd Edl

Vd = kMlaMgkat;TTwgEdlbNalBIbnkefrKanemKuN
Vi = kMlaMgkat;TTwgemKuNEdlbNalBIbnkEdlGnuvtBIxageRkA EdlekItmandMNalKa
CamYynwg M max
M max = m:Um:g;emKuNGtibrmabNalBIbnkEdlGnuvtxageRkA
M cr = m:Um:g;eRbH (cracking moment)
eKGackMNt; cracking moment BIsmIkarxageRkam
I
M cr = (0.5 f 'c + f pe f d )
(ACI Code, Eq. 11.11)
(19.52)
yt
Edl I = m:Um:g;niclPaBEdlTb;Tl;nwgbnkemKuNxageRkA
yt = cMgayBIGkSTIRbCMuTMgn;n gross section EdlminKitsrsEdkeTAsrsrgkarTajeRkA
bMput
f pe = ersIusg;rgkarsgt;enAsrsxageRkAbMputrbs;muxkat;ebtugedaysarkMlaMgeRbkug
RtaMgeRkaykMhatbg;
f d = kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIbnkefrKanemKuNenAsrsxageRkAbMput EdlkugRtaMgTaj
bNalBIbnkxageRkA
Web-shear strength Vcw KWQrelIsameRbHedaykMlaMgkat;TTwgenAkgFwmEdlminEmneRbH
edaysarkarBt;eT. sameRbHEbbenHekItmanenAEk,rTMrEdlmanRTnugtUc. ACI Code, Section
11.4.2 bBaak;fa Vcw RtUv)anKNnatamsmIkarxageRkam
Vcw = (0.29 f 'c + 0.3 f pc )bw d + V p
(19.53)
Edl V p = bgMkM;laMgeRbkugRtaMgbBarenARtg;muxkat;EdlBicarNa
614
NPIC
T.Chhay
kugRtaMgsgt;enAkgebtug eRkaykarGnuBaatsMrab;kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMg enARtg;TI

RbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat;EdlTb;Tl;nwgbnkEdlGnuvt benARtg;TIRbsBVrvagRTnug nig
sabenAeBlEdlTIRbCMuTMgn;sitenAkgsab
ma:gvijeTot eKGackMNt; Vcw CakMlaMgkat;EdlbegItkugRtaMgTajem (principle tensile
stress) 0.33 f 'c enARtg;GkSTIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;Ggt; bRtg;RbsBVnsab nigRTnugenAeBlEdlTIRbCMuTMgn;sitenAkgsab. eKGacsresrsmIkarGkSdUcxageRkam
f pc =
f t = 0.33 f 'c =
2
vcw
f
f pc
pc
+
2
2
f pc
b d
Vcw = f t 1 +
w
f
t
(19.54)
Edl ft = 0.33 f 'c . enAeBlGnuvtsmIkar 19.51 nig 19.53 b 19.54 tMlrbs; d RtUv)anKitCacMgaycenaHsrsrgkarsgt; nigTIRbCMuTMgn;rbs; tendon eRbkugRtaMg b:uEnvaminRtUvtUcCag 0.8h .
muxkat;eRKaHfak;sMrab;kMlaMgkat;GtibrmaRtUv)anykRtg; h / 2 BIprbs;TMr. eKRtUveRbIEdk
kMlaMgkat;dUcKaRtg;muxkat;cenaHTMr nigmuxkat;Rtg; h / 2 .
K> EdkkMlaMgkat;
Shear Reinforcement
eKRtUvKNnatMl Vs edIm,IkMNt;RkLapcaM)ac;rbs;EdkkMlaMgkat;
Vu = (Vc + Vs )
1
Vs = (Vu Vc )
(19.49)
(19.55)
sMrab;EdkkgbBar
Vs =
nig
Av f y d
s
Vs
Av = s
f yd
(19.56)
s=
Av f y d
Vs
(19.57)
Edl Av = RkLaprbs;EdkkgbBar nig s = KMlatrbs;Edkkg. smIkarsMrab;EdkkgeRTt

dUcKanwgsmIkarEdl)anbgajenAkgCMBUk 8.
615
NPIC
T.Chhay
X> EdnkMNt;
Limitation
!> KMlatGtibrma s rbs;EdkkgminRtUvFMCag 3h / 4 b 60cm . RbsinebI V FMCag
s
max
enaHKMlatGtibrmaxagelIRtUv)ankat;bnymkRtwmBak;kNal (ACI Code,

Section 11.5.4).
@> kMlaMgkat;Gtibrma Vs minRtUvFMCag (8 f 'c )bwd . RbsinebImindUcenaHeT eKRtUvbegInTMhM
rbs;muxkat; (ACI Code, Section 11.5.6).
#> EdkkMlaMgkat;Gb,brma Av EdlTamTareday ACI Code KW
(4 f 'c )bwd
Av min =
b s
0.35bw s
0.062 f 'c w
fy
fy
enAeBlEdlkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRbsiTPaB
Av =
Aps f pu s
80 f y d
f pe 0.4 f pu
d
bw
(19.58)
EdkkMlaMgkat;Gb,brma Av Kw
(19.59)
eKmincaM)ac;ykkMBs;RbsiTPaB d < 0.8h eT. CaTUeTA smIkar 19.59 pl;eGaynUvEdk

kMlaMgkat;Gb,brmaFMCagkarpl;eGayedaysmIkar 19.58.
]TahrN_ 19>7 sMrab;FwmenAkg]TahrN_ 19>4 cUrkMNt; nominal shear strength nigEdkkMlaMg
kat;caM)ac;. RtYtBinitmuxkat;Rtg; h / 2 nig 3m BIcugrbs;Fwm. eRbI f y = 400MPa sMrab;EdkkMlaMg
kat; nigbnkGefr = 19.4kN / m .
dMeNaHRsay
!> sMrab;muxkat;enARtg; h / 2
h 1000
=
= 500mm
2
2
BIxagcug
@> bnkBRgayesIemKuNenAelIFwm
Wu = 1.2(5.81 + 13.15) + 1.6 19.4 = 53.8kN / m
h
Vu
= 53.8(7.2 0.5) = 360.5kN
2
enAcMgay
kMNt; M u enARtg;muxkat; h / 2
0.52
M u = 53.8(7.2)0.5 53.8
= 187kN .m
2
tMlrbs; d Rtg;muxkat; h / 2 BIxagcug rUbTI 19>6 b KW

616
NPIC
T.Chhay
d = (1000 158)
(4.8 0.5) 364 = 516mm

4.8
Vu d 360.5 0.516
=
= 0.995 1.0
Mu
187
dUckarTamTarrbs; ACI Code
V d
Vc = 0.05 f 'c + 4.8 u bw d
Mu
(
)
tMlGb,brmarbs; Vc = 0.17 f 'c bwd = 0.17 35 (150)516 103 = 77.8kN
tMlGtibrmarbs; Vc = 0.42 f 'c bwd = 0.42 35 (150)516 103 = 192.3kN
tMlGtibrmarbs; Vc = 192.3kN manlkNlub.
#> viFIepSgeTotEdlbgajeday ACI Code KWfaeKGacyktMl Vc CatMltUcCageKkgcMeNam Vci
nig Vcw
a. edayQrelI flexural-shear cracking strength
VM
Vci = (0.05 f 'c )bw d + Vd + i cr
M
= 0.05 35 + 4.8 0.995 150 516 10 3 = 392.6kN
max
KNnatYnImYydac;edayELkBIKa
(0.05 f 'c )bwd = 0.05 35 (150)516 103 = 22.9kN
Vd = kMlaMgkat;efrKanemKuN = (5.81 + 13.15)(7.2 0.5) = 129.4kN
M max = m:Um:g;emKuNGtibrma elIkElgTMgn;rbs;Fwm
bnkemKuN = 1.2 13.15 + 1.6 19.4 = 46.8kN / m
0.52
M max = 46.87.2 0.5
= 162.6kN .m
2
Vi = 46.8(7.2 0.5) = 313.6kN

I
M cr =
0.5 f 'c + f pe + f d
yt
/
f pe = kugRtaMgrgkarsgt;EdlbNalBIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg
I = 2.607 1010 mm 4 yb = 522mm
=
=
F Feyb
+
A
I
1344 103
23.25 10 4
1344 103 38 522

2.607 1010
= 6.8MPa
617
NPIC
T.Chhay
fd =
kugRtaMgbnkefr = M DI yb
MD
0.52
= 18.967.2 0.5
= 65.9kN .m
2
fd =
65.9(522 ) 10 6
= 1.32 MPa
2.607 1010
2.607 1010
M cr =
0.5 35 + 6.8 1.32 10 6 = 412.4kN .m
522
412.4
= 947.7kN
Vci = 22.9 + 129.4 + 313.6
162.6
b.
dUcenH
Vci minRtUvtUcCag (0.14 f 'c )bw d = 0.14 35 (150)516 10 3 = 64.1kN
ersIusg;kMlaMgkat;EdlQrelI web-shear cracking KW
Vcw = (0.29 f 'c + 0.3 f pc )bw d + V p
f pc =
1344 103
23.25 10 4
d = 516mm
yk
= 5.78MPa
b 0.8h = 800mm
d = 800mm
V p = 1344
1
= 101.8kN
13.2
Edl 1 / 13.2 = slop rbs; tendon profile = 364 / 4800

0.29 35 = 1.72MPa
dUcenH Vcw = (1.72 + 0.3 5.78) 150 800 103 + 101.8 = 516.3kN
c. edaysar Vcw < Vci dUcenH Vcw = 516.3kN Ca nominal shear strength enARtg;muxkat; h / 2
BIcugrbs;Fwm. kgkrNICaeRcIn Vcw lubRtg; h / 2 BITMr.
$> EdkRTnug (web reinforcement)
Vu = 360.5kN
Vcw = 0.75 516.3 = 387.2kN
edaysar Vu < Vcw / Vs = 0 dUcenHeRbIEdkkgGb,brma. eRbIEdkkg DB10 .

Av = 2 10 2 / 4 = 157mm 2
KMlatGtibrmaCatMlEdltUcCageKkgcMeNam
s1 =
3
h = 750mm
4
s2 = 600mm
KNna s3 BIsmIkarEdkRTnugGb,brma
618
NPIC
T.Chhay
Av min =
157 =
Aps
80
f pu
fy
s
d
d
bw
1394 1725 s3 516
80
400 516 150
s3 = 581mm
yk s3 = 500mm
b s
0.35bw s
0.062 f 'c w
fy
fy
Av f y
157 400
=
= 1140mm
s4 =
0.367bw 0.367 150
ma:gvijeTot
Av min =
0.062 f 'c = 0.367
dUcenHeyIgeRbI DB10 @ 500 .

%> sMrab;muxkat;enAcMgay 3m BIxagcug viFIsaRskgkarKNnaKWRsedogKasMrab;muxkat;enARtg; h / 2 .
edayeRbIviFIEdlsMrYlrbs; ACI
Vu = 53.8(7.2 3) = 226kN
32
M u = 53.87.2 3 = 920kN .m
2
(4.8 3) 364 = 705mm

d = (1000 158)
4.8
Vu d 226 0.705
=
= 0.173 < 1.0
Mu
920
V d
Vc = 0.05 f 'c + 4.8 u bw d = 0.05 35 + 4.8 0.173 150 705 10 3 = 119.1kN
Mu
nig Vc max = 192.3kN

lub
dUcenH Vc = 119.1kN
^> eRbIsmIkar ACI Code edIm,IKNna Vci nig Vcw . dMbUgKNna Vci EdllubsMrab;muxkat;enH
(0.05 f 'c )bwd = 0.05 35 (150)705 103 = 31.3kN
Vc min = 77.8kN
Vd = (5.81 + 13.15)(7.2 3) = 79.6kN
32
M max = 46.87.2 3 = 800.3kN .m
2
Vi = 46.8(7.2 3) = 196.6kN
f pe =
1344 103
23.25 10 4
1344 103 227.5 522

2.607 1010
= 11.9 MPa
619
NPIC
T.Chhay
32
M D = 18.96 7.2 3 = 324.2kN .m
2
fd =
324.2(522 ) 10 6
= 6.5MPa
2.607 1010
2.607 1010
M cr =
0.5 35 + 11.9 6.5 10 6 = 417.4kN .m
522
417.4
Vci = 31.3 + 79.6 + 196.6
= 213.4kN
800.3
dUcenH
Vci min = 0.14 f 'c bw d = 0.14 35 (150)705 10 3 = 87.6kN

Vci = 213.4kN
dUcnH
bnab;mkKNna Vcw
f pc = 5.78MPa
d = 705mm
V p = 101.8kN
dUcelIkmun
b 0.8h = 800mm
yk d = 800mm
dUcenH Vcw = (1.72 + 0.3 5.78) 150 800 103 + 101.8 = 516.3kN
tMlrbs; Vcw minmaneRKaHfak;eT. enARtg;mYyPaKbYnnRbEvgElVg tMlkMlaMgkat;eRKaHfak;KW
Vci rUbTI 19>8.
&> KNnaEdkRTnug
Vu = 226kN
Vci = 0.75 213.4 = 160kN
Vu = (Vc + Vs )
1
(226 160) = 88kN
Vs =
0.75
Edkkg DB10 / Av = 157mm2 . RtYtBinitKMlatGtibrma smax = 500mm dUcelIkmun

103 500
muxkat;EdlEdlRtUvkar Av = Vf sds = 88400
= 156
705
y
Av
EdleRbIKW 157mm2 > 156mm2 . dUcenH yk DB10 @ 400 .
620
NPIC
T.Chhay
9> KNnaCMhandMbUgnGgt;ebtugeRbmugRtaMgrgkarBt;
Preliminary Design of Prestressed Concrete Flexural Members
k> rUbrag nigTMhM
Shapes and Dimensions
kar)a:n;sanTMhMrbs;muxkat;dRtwmRtUveFVIeGaykarKNnacMNayeBltic nigminsKsaj. dUc

enH karKNnaCMhandMbUgmansarsMxan;Nas; edIm,IFanafaTMhMmuxkat;manlkNsmrmmunnwgcab;
epImKNnalMGit.
enAkgdMNak;kalKNnaCMhandMbUg CaFmtaeKmanTinnyxHEdlGacCYykgkareRCIserIsTMhM
dsmRsb. ]TahrN_ m:Um:g;Bt;Edl)anBIbnkGnuvtn_xageRkA kugRtaMgGnuBaat nigTinnysMrab;kMNt;
kMhatbg;RtUv)andwg bRtUv)ankMNt;.
rUbragrbs;muxkat;Ggt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgGacCactuekaNEkg GkSr T GkSr I bRbGb;. kMBs;
srubrbs;muxkat; h RtUv)ankMNt;edaykarBicarNakMBs;rbs;lMh bkminRtUv)ankMNt;. kareRCIs
erIsTMhMrbs;muxkat;sMrab;karKNnaCMhandMbUgmandUcxageRkam rUbTI 19>9
!> kMBs;srubnmuxkat;KW h = 1 / 20 eTA 1 / 30 nRbEvgElVg. sMrab;karrgbnkFn; h = L / 20

nigsMrab;karrgbnkRsal h = L / 30 b h = 43.6 M D + M L Edl h KitCa mm nig
M KitCa kN .m .
@> kMras;rbs;sabxagelIKW h f = h / 8 eTA h / 6 .
#> TTwgrbs;sabxagelIKW b 2h / 5 .
$> kMras;rbs;RTnugKW bw 100mm . CaTUeTA eKyk bw = h / 30 + 100 .
621
NPIC
T.Chhay
%> kareRCIserIs bw nig t KWERbRbYleTAtamkarBRgay tendon eRbkugRtaMg edayeFVIy:agNa

rkSakMras;ebtugkarBarEdk.
^> RkLapEdlsmrmrbs;muxkat;ebtugEdlRtUvkarKW
M + ML
Edl M D + M L KitCa kN .m nig h KitCa m
Ac (m 2 ) = D
1450h
sMrab;karKNnakgkarGnuvt nigkarKNnaEdlmanlkNesdkic ]sSahkmpliteRKOg
sMNg;BIebtug)anbegItnUvrUbrag nigTMhMbTdanCaeRcIn EdlGkKNnaGaceRCIserIsnUvGgt;NaEdl
RtUvkar. taragnmuxkat;sg;darmanenAkg PCI Design Handbook. AASTHO k)anENnaMnUv
girder sg;daredIm,IeRbIR)as;enAkg
sMNg;s<an tarag 19>4.
tarag 19>4 AASTHO Girders, ebtugTMgn;Fmta
TMgn;
yb
Zb
Zt
A
I
RbePT
(in.2 )
(in.4 )
(in.3 )
(in.3 )
(in.)
(lb / ft )
Type II
369
50979
15.83
3220
2527
384
Type III
560
125390
20.27
6186
5070
593
Type IV
789
260741
24.73
10544
8908
822
x> kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg nigRkLapEdk
Shapes and Dimensions
enAeBlEdleKeRCIserIsrUbrag kMBs; nigTMhMepSgeTotrbs;muxkat;rYcehIy eKGac)a:n;santMlRbhak;RbEhlrbs;kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg nigRkLaprbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg Aps . BIm:Um:g; couple

xagkg m:Um:g;srub M T EdlekItBIbnkefr nigbnkGefreFVIkaresInwgkMlaMgTaj T KuNnwgdXas;
jd .
622
NPIC
T.Chhay
M T = T ( jd ) = C ( jd )
M T = Aps f se ( jd )
Aps =
MT
f se ( jd )
Edl Aps CaRkLapEdkeRbkugRtaMg nig f se CakugRtaMgeRbkugRtaMgRbsiTPaBeRkaykMhatbg;. tMlrbs;dXas; jd ERbRbYlBI 0.4h eTA 0.8h EdlkgkarGnuvteKykvaenAkgcenaH 0.6h eTA 0.7h .
eKGaceRbItMlmFm 0.65 )an. dUcenH
Aps =
MT
(0.65h ) f se
(19.60)
ehIykMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgKW
F = T = Aps f se =
MT
0.65h
(19.61)
kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBleprKW Fi = F / Edl CaemKuNnkMhatbg;GaRsynwgeBl.

kMlaMgsgt; C enAelImuxkat;esInwgkMlaMgTaj T
C = T = Aps f se
KitCakugRtaMg AC = ApsA f se = fc1

c
c
Edl fc1 CakugRtaMgBRgayesIEdlsnt;enAelImuxkat;
sMrab;karKNnaCMhandMbUg eKsnt;srsxageRkArbs;karEbgEckkugRtaMgragRtIekaNesInwg
kugRtaMgsgt;GnuBaatGtibrma f ca . dUcenHkugRtaMgmFmKW 0.5 fca = fc1 . kugRtaMgsgt;GnuBaat
enAkgebtugKW fca = 0.45 f 'c . dUcenH eKGacsnt;RkLapebtugEdlRtUvkar Ac BIkMlaMgTaj T dUc
xageRkam
Aps f se Aps f se
Aps f se
T
=
=
=
f c1
f c1
0.5 f ca 0.225 f 'c
T
MT
MT
MT
Ac =
=
=
=
0.5 f ca (0.65h )(0.5 f ca ) 0.33 f ca 0.15 f 'c
Ac =
(19.62)
(19.63)
karviPaKenHKWQrelIkarKNnasMrab;bnkeFVIkar minEmnsMrab;bnkemKuNeT. cMNakpit e RtUv)anvas;

BITIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat;eTATIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg ehIyeKGacKNnaCatMlRbhak;RbEhl
dUcxageRkam
e = Kb +
MD
Fi
(19.64)
Edl Kb Ca lower kern limit ehIy M D Cam:Um:g;Edl)anBIbnkefrKanemKuN.

623
NPIC
T.Chhay
10> kugRtaMgbkxagcug
End-Block Stresses
k> Ggt;rgkugRtaMgTajmun
Pretensioned Members
dUcKanwgEdkenAkgGgt;ebtugGarem:EdlRtUvkarRbEvgbgb;Cak;lak; enaHkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg
enAkgGgt;ebtugrgkugRtaMgmunRtUv)anepreTAebtugedaykarbgb; bedaykarf<k;cug bedaybnSMTaMgBIr.
enAkgGgt;rgkugRtaMgmun eKehARbEvgrbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMgEdlkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)anepreTAebtugfa RbEvgepr (transfer length) lt . eRkayeBlepr kugRtaMgenAkg tendon Rtg;cugbMputrbs;Ggt;
esInwgsUn b:uEnkugRtaMgenARtg;cMgay lt BIcugGgt;esInwgkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRbsiTPaB f pe . transfer
length lt GaRsynwgTMhM nigRbePTrbs; tendon, lkxNpb:H ersIusg;ebtug f 'c kugRtaMg nigviFIn
kareprkMlaMg. kar)a:n;RbmaN lt EdlGacTTYlyk)anKWesInwg 50 dgnGgt;pitrbs; tendon b:uEn
sMrab; single wires eKyk lt esInwg 100 dgnGgt;pitrbs; wire.
edIm,IeGaykMlaMgTajenAkgEdkeRbkugRtaMgbegIt ultimate flexural strength eBjelj va
RtUvkarnUvRbEvgcMNg (bond length). eKalbMNgKWedIm,IkarBarkarrGilTUeTAmunnwgkar)ak;rbs;Fwm
eRkam design strength eBjelj. RbEvgbgb; ld (development length) esInwgplbUkrvag bond
length nig transfer length. edayEpkelIkarBiesaF ACI Code, Section 12.9.1 eGaynUvsmIkar
xageRkamsMrab;KNnaRbEvgbgb;n three- or seven-wire pretensioning strand:
2
ld = f ps f se d e
3
Edl
(19.65)
kugRtaMgenAkgEdkeRbkugRtaMgeRkam nominal strength

f se = kugRtaMgRbsiTPaBenAkgEdkeRbkugRtaMgeRkaykMhatbg;
d b = nominal diameter rbs; wire b strand
enAkg pretensioned member kugRtaMgTajx<s;manenAtMbn;xagcug EdleKRtUvkardak;EdkBiess.
EdkenHmanTMrg;CaEdkkgbBarehIyRtUv)anBRgayesIkgKMlat h / 5 Edlvas;BIxagcugrbs;Fwm. Ca
TUeTA eKdak;EdkkgTImYyenAcMgay 25mm eTA 75mm BIxagcugFwm. vaCaKarGnuvtFmtakgkar
bEnm nominal reinforcement sMrab;cMgay d Edlvas;BIcugrbs;Fwm. RkLaprbs;EdkbBar Av
EdlRtUv)aneRbIenAtMbn;xagcugGacRtUv)anKNnaedaytMlRbhak;RbEhlBIsmIkarxageRkam
f ps =
Av = 0.021
Edl
f sa =
Fi h
f sa lt
(19.66)
kugRtaMgGnuBaatenAkgEdkkg CaTUeTA 140MPa nig ld = 50 dgnGgt; tendon
624
NPIC
T.Chhay
]TarhN_ 19>8 kMNt;EdkkgcaM)ac;EdlRtUvkarenAtMbn;xagcugrbs;FwmEdleGayenAkg]TahrN_

19>4.
dMeNaHRsay
Fi = 1606kN h = 1000mm
dUcenH
f sa = 140MPa lt = 50 11.125 = 556mm
1606 103 1000

Av = 0.021
= 433mm 2
140 556
h 1000
=
= 200mm
5
5
eRbIEdkkgbiTCit DB10 cMnYnbYnkg EdlEdkkgTImYysitenAcMgay 200mm BITMr

Av Edldak; = 157 4 = 628mm 2
x> Ggt;rgkugRtaMgTajeRkay
Posttensioned Members
enAkg posttensioned concrete member kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)aneprBI tendon sMrab;

bonded nig unbonded tendon eTAebtugRtg;cugrbs;Ggt;eday special anchorage device. enAkg
anchorage zone Rtg;cugrbs;Ggt; kugRtaMgsgt;mantMlx<s;Nas; ehIy transverse tensile stress
625
T.Chhay
NPIC
ekItman dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 19>10. enAkgkarGnuvt eKeXIjfaRbEvgn anchorage zone minFM

CagkMBs;rbs;cugGgt;eT RbsinebImindUcenaHeT sanPaBnkugRtaMgenAkgtMbn;enaHnwgmanlkNsK
saj.
karBRgaykugRtaMgEdl)anBI tendon mYyenAkg anchorage zone RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI
19>11. enARtg;cMgay h BImuxkat;xagcug eKsnt;kugRtaMgBRgayesIelImuxkat;TaMgmUl. edayKit
ExSkMlaMg (trajectories) CaFatumYyEdlmanGMeBICa curved strut enaHExSkMlaMgmanGMeBItamTisedk
eTArkExSGkSrbs;FwmenAkgtMbn; A edaybegItCakugRtaMgsgt;. enAkgtMbn; B ExSkMlaMg)anbEgVr
Tis ehIy strut manGMeBIecjeRkAEdlbegItCakugRtaMgTaj. enAkgtMbn; C strut esIrEtRtg;eday
begItkarBRgaykugRtaMgesI.
EdkBRgwgEdlRtUvkarsMrab; anchorage zone xagcugrbs; posttentioned member CaTUeTApSM

eLIgedayRkLanEdkbBar nigEdkedkEdlmanKMlatCitKaeBjRbEvgnbkxagcugedIm,ITb;Tl;nwg
kugRtaMgpH (bursting stress) nigkugRtaMgTaj. CakarGnuvtTUeTAeKmineGayKMlatEdkFMCag 75mm
enAkgTisnImYyeT ehIyminRtUvdak;EdkenAcMgayFMCag 50mm BIpxagkgrbs; bearing plate eT.
626

បេតុងពង្រឹងដោយដែក 19 xix-introduction-to-prestressed-concrete

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បេតុងពង្រឹងដោយដែក 19 xix-introduction-to-prestressed-concrete

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NPIC

Introduction to Prestressed Concrete

Ca tank, silo nig pipe. eKGacGnuvtkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgEtkgmYydMNakkal beRcIndMNakkaledIm,I

]TahrN_ 19>1 sMrab;FwmTMrsamBaEdlbgajenAkgrUbTI 19>2 cUrkMNt;kugRtaMgRtg;muxkat;

kNalElVgEdlbNalmkBITMgn;pal;xnva nigkrNInkardak;bnk nigeRbkugRtaMg

!> kugRtaMgEdlbNalmkEtBIbnkefr nigbnkGefr

edayeFVIkarbUkbBakkugRtaMgEdl)anBIbnkefr nigbnkGefr rUbTI 19>2 a eyIg)an

enAsrsEpkxageRkam p = 12.58MPa nig p = 0 enAsrsEpkxageRkambMput.

kugRtaMgcugeRkayEdlbNalBIbnkefr/ bnkGefr nigkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAsrsEpkxagelI

begInbnkGefrdl; L3 = 39.28kN / m . m:Um:g;Edl)anBIbnkenHKW

kugRtaMgcugeRkayenAsrsEpkxagelI nigEpkxageRkambMputEdlbNalBIbnkefr nigbnk

kugRtaMgcugeRkayEdlbNalBIbnkefr nigbnkGefr L4 ehIynigkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg KW

edIm,ITTYl)an 15.7MPa . m:Um:g;EdlnwgbegItkugRtaMgenAsrsEpkxagelIbMput

eKkMNt;Ggt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgedayEpk (partially prestressed concrete member) CaGgt;

rUbTI 19>3 bgajBIExSekagPaBdab-bnkrbs;FwmebtugGarem:EdlmanbrimaNEdk nigRbePT

m:UDuldac;rbs;ebtug = 0.62 f 'c

ExSekag e nig f bgajBIFwmebtugeRbkugRtaMgeBjEdlmanEdktic nigEdkeRcIn erogKa. Fwm

!> fak; U (uncracked section) Edlman f t 0.62 f 'c . enAkgmuxkat;ebtugEdlKansam

RtaMg sameRbH nigPaBdab. eKKYreRbIkarpl;eGayedIm,IRKb;RKgsameRbH nigeRbI skin

Material and Serviceability Requirement

lkNrbs;ebtugRtUv)anbgajenAkgCMBUk 2. eTaHbICaerOy Ggt;ebtugGarem:RtUv)anplit

Edk tendon EdleKniymeRbICageKenAkgebtugeRbkugRtaMgCa strands bkab Edlplit

Seven-wire strand (grade 270)

Prestressing wire grades (250)

Prestressing bars (deformed)

kugRtaMgGnuBaatenAkgEdkeRbkugRtaMgeyagtam ACI Code, Section 18.5 mandUcxageRkam

K> EdkBRgwg Reinforcing Steel

k> Lump-sum losses

KWRbEhlbwg 25ksi(172MPa) . kMlaMgkkit nig anchorage slip minRtUv)an

x> kMhatbg;edaysar Elastic Shortening of Concrete

RtUv)aneFVIeLIgdUcteTA. BicarNa pretensioned concrete member nmuxkat;efr nigkugRtaMgBRgay

sMrab;karKNnaGnuvtn_ kMhatbg;kugRtaMgnkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg f s kgmYyktap Asp mantMl

eKGaceRbItMlRbhak;RbEhln Fi = (0.63 f pu )Asp enAkgsmIkarxagelI.

Loss Due to Shrinkage

Edl Es = 2 105 MPa nig sh = shrinkage strain enAkgebtug

Edl V / S = pleFobmaDelIp nig RH = average relative humidity. K sh = 1.0 sMrab; pretensioned

X> kMhatbg;edaysar creep rbs;ebtug

f 'c > 28MPa

eKGaceFVI interpolation sMrab;tMlEdlenAcenaHtMlEdlenAkgtaragxagenH. edayKitfa

g> kMhatbg;edaysar Relaxation rbs;Edk

Loss Due to Friction

CamYynwgEdkrg pretensioning kMhatbg;edaysarkMlaMgkkitekItmanenAeBlEdl wires b

enAeBlEdl strand dabtam concordant profile enaHkMhatbg;edaysarkMlaMgkkitGacmantMlFM.

Edl = emKuNmMukkitsaTic nig px = mMurvag P1 nig P2 . CaTUeTAeKKit wobble effect tamviFI

(AIC Code, eq. 18.2)

emKuNkMlaMgkkit nig K GaRsynwgRbePTn strand b wire, RbePTbMBg; niglkxNp

kareRbI pressure gauge pl;nUvlTplminsuRkit luHRtaEteKeFVIkarEktMrUveTAtamkMlaMgEdleKsal;

Pregreased unbonded tendon

q> kMhatbg;edaysar Anchor set

]TahrN_ 19>2 FwmTMrsamBarg pretensionning RbEvg 11m manmuxkat;ctuekaNEkgCamYynwg

nig h = 80cm . KNnakMhatbg;eGLasic nigkMhatbg;EdlGaRsynwgeBlTaMgGs;. eK

!> kMhatbg;edaysar elastic shortening: kugRtaMgEdl)anBIkMlaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBleprKW

rbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg = Efs = 21000

mFm = 12 (1.56 + 2.22)10 4 = 1.89 10 4

shrinkage strain = 0.0003

f s = sh E s = 0.0003 200000 = 60MPa

f s = 2 1.56 10 4 200000 = 62.4MPa

f s = cr E s = 3.76 10 4 200000 = 75.2MPa

%> snt;kMhatbg;edaysarkarBt; kMlaMgkkitrbs; cable spacer nigbkxagcugrbs;RbBn

^> kMhatbg;edaysarkMlaMgkkitenAkg tendon KWsUn.

eRbkugRtaMgRbsiTPaB = 1000 167.4 = 832.6MPa

]TahrN_ 19>3 KNnakMhatbg;TaMgGs;n posttensioned beam EdlmanRbEvg 36m . RkLap

rbs;muxkat;ebtug ( Ac ) = 49 104 mm 2 / m:Um:g;niclPaB (I g ) = 6.83 1010 mm 4 / kMlaMgeRbkugRtaMg

!> kMhatbg;eday elastic shortening: