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ASEENA.S.A
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
INDEX

SL NO CONTENT
1 Introduction
2 Obecti!e" o# e$cur"ion
% T&e educ'tion'( !'(ue o# #ie(d tri)"
* De"i+n o# t&e "tudy 'nd "c&oo( tri)"
, Conc(u"ion
- .e#erence




INTRODUCTION
Acro"" t&e n'tion, #ie(d tri)" 're bein+ e(imin'ted #rom "c&oo( di"trict/" bud+et". Te'c&er" 're
re"tricted by t&e )re""ure" #rom di"trict" to "&o0 curricu('r re"u(t" 'nd to co!er content in
c('""room" (e'!in+ (itt(e time #or out1o#1"c&oo( e$cur"ion".
T&e (o+i"tic" o# te"t "c&edu(e", #indin+ ' "ub"titute te'c&er, bu" 'nd #ue( co"t", 'nd b'('ncin+
curricu(um need" 0it& &'nd"1on 'cti!itie" o#ten (e'!e" te'c&er" o!er0&e(med. 2ie(d tri)" 're o#ten
!ie0ed '" 3#(u##4 or e$tr'1curricu('r 'cti!itie" 'nd, t&ere#ore, 're e'"y (ine item" to cut.
Ho0e!er, te'c&er" 'nd "tudent" 'd!oc'te 5 'nd "tudie" indic'te 5 t&'t #ie(d tri)" 're ' 6ey
com)onent o# "c&oo( in"truction7 t&ey bro'den t&e educ'tion'( e$)erience 'nd m'6e ' "ubect more
re(e!'nt.
Student" mi+&t be +ood 't recitin+ 'nd rememberin+ t&in+" but t&ey o#ten don/t m'6e t&e
connection un(e"" t&ey e$)erience it #ir"t &'nd. 2ie(d tri)" connect t&e dot" #or "tudent" by
)ro!idin+ re'( e$)erience" re('ted to '(( content 're'".
2ie(d tri)" enric& 'nd e$)'nd t&e curricu(um, "tren+t&en ob"er!'tion "6i((" by immer"in+ c&i(dren
into "en"ory 'cti!itie", incre'"e c&i(dren/" 6no0(ed+e in ' )'rticu('r "ubect 're' 'nd e$)'nd
c&i(dren/" '0'rene"" o# t&eir o0n community. And e!eryone you ")e'6 0it& &'" ' #ie(d tri)
memory.
8&'t m'6e" ' #ie(d tri) +ood9
T&in6 o# t&e e$cur"ion '" ' #ie(d "tudy, not ' #ie(d tri). It i" ' (e'rnin+ e$)erience or e$)erienti'(
(e'rnin+.
A #ocu" on 'rt" inte+r'tion 'nd )roect1b'"ed (e'rnin+ te'c&e" "tudent" to e$)(ore re'(10or(d
)rob(em" 'nd c&'((en+e". Acti!e 'nd en+'+ed (e'rnin+ in")ire" "tudent" to obt'in ' dee)er
6no0(ed+e o# t&e "ubect" t&ey 're "tudyin+ 'nd '((o0" t&em to "ee &o0 ide'" 're connected.
Te'c&in+ in "uc& ' conte$tu'( m'nner )romote" co(('bor'tion, critic'( t&in6in+ 'nd 6no0(ed+e
retention.
O#ten te'c&er" (oo6 to t&e 'rt" 'nd cu(tur'( or+'ni:'tion" o# t&eir community #or #ie(d tri) ide'";
mu"eum", :oo", "cience center", 'nd n'tur'( 're'". Per#ormin+ 'rt" brin+ t&e )'+e to t&e "t'+e 'nd
c'n '("o o##er ' (e""on in t&e'ter eti<uette.
In 'ddition to t&e tr'dition'( !enue", te'c&er" m'y c&oo"e "ite" #or re'( 0or(d e$)erience" to
encour'+e "tudent" to '))(y 0&'t t&ey/!e (e'rned to "omet&in+ re(e!'nt in t&eir (i#e. 2or e$'m)(e,
c&i(dren !i"itin+ ' con"truction "ite c'n return to t&e c('""room 'nd de"i+n t&eir o0n &ome",
bu"ine""e", 'nd ot&er 'rc&itectur'( "tructure".
=i"itin+ ' co((e+e or uni!er"ity c'm)u" introduce" t&e dre'm o# &i+&er educ'tion7 co((e+e "tudent"
c'n 'ct '" t&e tour +uide", "&o0 dorm room", c'#eteri'", 'nd "tudy &'((", 0&i(e )ro!idin+
mentor"&i) to t&e youn+er "tudent.
T&e be"t #ie(d tri)" c'n brin+ t0o "eemin+(y unre('ted 0or(d" to+et&er.
C&i(dren #rom ('r+e citie" m'y not under"t'nd ' m't& e<u'tion 'bout (i!e"toc6, cro)", 'nd t&e ot&er
"t')(e" o# t&e rur'( e$)erience bec'u"e t&e "tudent" #ocu" on t&e !oc'bu('ry, +et con#u"ed, 'nd "6i)
t&e <ue"tion.
Student" in ' rur'( community 're o#ten i+nor'nt o# urb'n 'nd "uburb'n termino(o+y. Sub0'y "to)",
#'re", e"c'('tor", HO= ('ne">t&e"e o#t1u"ed term" )('ced in ' m't& te"t <ue"tion c'n b(oc6 t&e
m'in ide' 'nd )re!ent ' "tudent #rom 'n"0erin+.
Sometime" "t'te e$'m" inc(ude <ue"tion" t&'t do not brid+e t&e +') bet0een rur'( 'nd urb'n
"tudent".
A 0e((1de"i+ned #ie(d tri) c'n brin+ it '(( to+et&er; combine t0o or more "ubect" 0&i(e o##erin+ '
!'riety o# (e'rnin+ "ty(e" 'nd inte((i+ence", inte+r'te t&e 'rt", encour'+e (o01income 'nd En+(i"&
('n+u'+e (e'rner "tudent" to m'6e connection" bet0een community re"ource" 'nd o))ortunitie" 'nd
t&eir #'mi(y 'nd cu(ture.
T&e"e e$)erience" '((o0 '(( )'rtici)'tin+ "tudent" to 'c&ie!e ' &i+&er 'c'demic )er#orm'nce in '((
"ubect 're'" 5 not u"t t&e 'rt".
?id" need t&i" !it'( com)onent o# "c&oo( in"truction, i# not on(y to im)ro!e te"t "core", but to #ee(,
"ee, touc&, 'nd e!en t'"te t&e re'( 0or(d 'round t&em. And t&'t/" "omet&in+ you c'n on(y +et #rom '
#ie(d tri).
O@AECTI=ES O2 EXCB.SION
1C To c')it'(i:e educ'tion'(y t&e mi+r'tory in"tinct o# t&e c&i(d
2C To 'c<u'int t&e )u)i( 0it& &i" en!ironment
%C To inter)ret "u))(ement 'nd enric& curricu('r e$)erience"
The Educational Value of Field Trips
T&e "c&oo( #ie(d tri) &'" ' (on+ &i"tory in Americ'n )ub(ic educ'tion. 2or dec'de", "tudent" &'!e
)i(ed into ye((o0 bu"e" to !i"it ' !'riety o# cu(tur'( in"titution", inc(udin+ 'rt, n'tur'( &i"tory, 'nd
"cience mu"eum", '" 0e(( '" t&e'ter", :oo", 'nd &i"toric'( "ite". Sc&oo(" +('d(y endured t&e e$)en"e
'nd di"ru)tion o# )ro!idin+ #ie(d tri)" bec'u"e t&ey "'0 t&e"e e$)erience" '" centr'( to t&eir
educ'tion'( mi""ion; "c&oo(" e$i"t not on(y to )ro!ide economic'((y u"e#u( "6i((" in numer'cy 'nd
(iter'cy, but '("o to )roduce ci!i(i:ed youn+ men 'nd 0omen 0&o 0ou(d '))reci'te t&e 'rt" 'nd
cu(ture. Dore1'd!'nt'+ed #'mi(ie" m'y t'6e t&eir c&i(dren to t&e"e cu(tur'( in"titution" out"ide o#
"c&oo( &our", but (e""1'd!'nt'+ed "tudent" 're (e"" (i6e(y to &'!e t&e"e e$)erience" i# "c&oo(" do not
)ro!ide t&em. 8it& #ie(d tri)", )ub(ic "c&oo(" !ie0ed t&em"e(!e" '" t&e +re't e<u'(i:er in term" o#
'cce"" to our cu(tur'( &erit'+e.
Tod'y, cu(tur'((y enric&in+ #ie(d tri)" 're in dec(ine. Du"eum" 'cro"" t&e country re)ort ' "tee) dro)
in "c&oo( tour". 2or e$'m)(e, t&e 2ie(d Du"eum in C&ic'+o 't one time 0e(comed more t&'n
%EE,EEE "tudent" e!ery ye'r. .ecent(y t&e number i" be(o0 2EE,EEE. @et0een 2EE2 'nd 2EEF,
Cincinn'ti 'rt" or+'ni:'tion" "'0 ' %E )ercent decre'"e in "tudent 'ttend'nce. A "ur!ey by t&e
Americ'n A""oci'tion o# Sc&oo( Admini"tr'tor" #ound t&'t more t&'n &'(# o# "c&oo(" e(imin'ted
)('nned #ie(d tri)" in 2E1E511.
T&e deci"ion to reduce cu(tur'((y enric&in+ #ie(d tri)" re#(ect" ' !'riety o# #'ctor". 2in'nci'(
)re""ure" #orce "c&oo(" to m'6e di##icu(t deci"ion" 'bout &o0 to '((oc'te "c'rce re"ource", 'nd #ie(d
tri)" 're incre'"in+(y "een '" 'n unnece""'ry #ri((. Gre'ter #ocu" on r'i"in+ "tudent )er#orm'nce on
m't& 'nd re'din+ "t'nd'rdi:ed te"t" m'y '("o (e'd "c&oo(" to cut #ie(d tri)". Some "c&oo(" be(ie!e
t&'t "tudent time 0ou(d be better ")ent in t&e c('""room )re)'rin+ #or t&e e$'m". 8&en "c&oo(" do
or+'ni:e #ie(d tri)", t&ey 're incre'"in+(y c&oo"in+ to t'6e "tudent" on tri)" to re0'rd t&em #or
0or6in+ &'rd to im)ro!e t&eir te"t "core" r't&er t&'n to )ro!ide cu(tur'( enric&ment. Sc&oo(" t'6e
"tudent" to 'mu"ement )'r6", ")ortin+ e!ent", 'nd mo!ie t&e'ter" in"te'd o# to mu"eum" 'nd
&i"toric'( "ite". T&i" "&i#t #rom 3enric&ment4 to 3re0'rd4 #ie(d tri)" i" re#(ected in ' +ener'tion'(
c&'n+e 'mon+ te'c&er" 'bout t&e )ur)o"e" o# t&e"e outin+". In ' 2E12 1% "ur!ey 0e conducted o#
ne'r(y ,EE Ar6'n"'" te'c&er", t&o"e 0&o &'d been te'c&in+ #or 't (e'"t 1, ye'r" 0ere "i+ni#ic'nt(y
more (i6e(y to be(ie!e t&'t t&e )rim'ry )ur)o"e o# ' #ie(d tri) i" to )ro!ide ' (e'rnin+ o))ortunity,
0&i(e more unior te'c&er" 0ere more (i6e(y to "ee t&e )rim'ry )ur)o"e '" 3enoyment.4
I# "c&oo(" 're de1em)&'"i:in+ cu(tur'((y enric&in+ #ie(d tri)", &'" 'nyt&in+ been (o"t '" ' re"u(t9
Sur)ri"in+(y, 0e &'!e re('ti!e(y (itt(e ri+orou" e!idence 'bout &o0 #ie(d tri)" '##ect "tudent". T&e
re"e'rc& )re"ented &ere i" t&e #ir"t ('r+e1"c'(e r'ndomi:ed1contro( tri'( de"i+ned to me'"ure 0&'t
"tudent" (e'rn #rom "c&oo( tour" o# 'n 'rt mu"eum.
8e #ind t&'t "tudent" (e'rn <uite ' (ot. In )'rticu('r, enric&in+ #ie(d tri)" contribute to t&e
de!e(o)ment o# "tudent" into ci!i(i:ed youn+ men 'nd 0omen 0&o )o""e"" more 6no0(ed+e 'bout
'rt, &'!e "tron+er critic'(1t&in6in+ "6i((", e$&ibit incre'"ed &i"toric'( em)'t&y, di")('y &i+&er (e!e("
o# to(er'nce, 'nd &'!e ' +re'ter t'"te #or con"umin+ 'rt 'nd cu(ture.
Design of the Study and School Tours
T&e 2E11 o)enin+ o# t&e Cry"t'( @rid+e" Du"eum o# Americ'n Art in Nort&0e"t Ar6'n"'" cre'ted
t&e o))ortunity #or t&i" "tudy. Cry"t'( @rid+e" i" t&e #ir"t m'or 'rt mu"eum to be bui(t in t&e Bnited
St'te" in t&e ('"t #our dec'de", 0it& more t&'n ,E,EEE "<u're #eet o# +'((ery ")'ce 'nd 'n
endo0ment in e$ce"" o# HIEE mi((ion. Portion" o# t&e mu"eum/" endo0ment 're de!oted to
co!erin+ '(( o# t&e e$)en"e" '""oci'ted 0it& "c&oo( tour". Cry"t'( @rid+e" reimbur"e" "c&oo(" #or
t&e co"t o# bu"e", )ro!ide" #ree 'dmi""ion 'nd (unc&, 'nd e!en )'y" #or t&e co"t o# "ub"titute
te'c&er" to co!er #or te'c&er" 0&o 'ccom)'ny "tudent" on t&e tour.
@ec'u"e t&e tour i" com)(ete(y #ree to "c&oo(", 'nd bec'u"e Cry"t'( @rid+e" 0'" bui(t in 'n 're' t&'t
ne!er )re!iou"(y &'d 'n 'rt mu"eum, t&ere 0'" &i+& dem'nd #or "c&oo( tour". Not '(( "c&oo( +rou)"
cou(d be 'ccommod'ted ri+&t '0'y. So our re"e'rc& te'm 0or6ed 0it& t&e "t'## 't Cry"t'( @rid+e"
to '""i+n ")ot" #or "c&oo( tour" by (ottery. Durin+ t&e #ir"t t0o "eme"ter" o# t&e "c&oo( tour )ro+r'm,
t&e mu"eum recei!ed ,2, '))(ic'tion" #rom "c&oo( +rou)" re)re"entin+ %I,%*F "tudent" in
6inder+'rten t&rou+& +r'de 12. 8e cre'ted m'tc&ed )'ir" 'mon+ t&e '))(ic'nt +rou)" b'"ed on
"imi('rity in +r'de (e!e( 'nd ot&er demo+r')&ic #'ctor". An ide'( 'nd common m'tc&ed )'ir 0ou(d
be 'd'cent +r'de" in t&e "'me "c&oo(. 8e t&en r'ndom(y ordered t&e m'tc&ed )'ir" to determine
"c&edu(in+ )rioriti:'tion. 8it&in e'c& )'ir, 0e r'ndom(y '""i+ned 0&ic& '))(ic'nt 0ou(d be in t&e
tre'tment +rou) 'nd recei!e ' tour t&'t "eme"ter 'nd 0&ic& 0ou(d be in t&e contro( +rou) 'nd &'!e
it" tour de#erred.
8e 'dmini"tered "ur!ey" to 1E,J12 "tudent" 'nd *IJ te'c&er" 't 12% di##erent "c&oo(" t&ree 0ee6",
on '!er'+e, '#ter t&e tre'tment +rou) recei!ed it" tour. T&e "tudent "ur!ey" inc(uded mu(ti)(e item"
'""e""in+ 6no0(ed+e 'bout 'rt '" 0e(( '" me'"ure" o# critic'( t&in6in+, &i"toric'( em)'t&y,
to(er'nce, 'nd "u"t'ined intere"t in !i"itin+ 'rt mu"eum". Some +rou)" 0ere "ur!eyed '" ('te '"
ei+&t 0ee6" '#ter t&e tour, but it 0'" not )o""ib(e to co((ect d't' '#ter (on+er )eriod" bec'u"e e'c&
contro( +rou) 0'" +u'r'nteed ' tour durin+ t&e #o((o0in+ "eme"ter '" ' re0'rd #or it" coo)er'tion.
T&ere i" no indic'tion t&'t t&e re"u(t" re)orted be(o0 #'ded #or +rou)" "ur!eyed '#ter (on+er )eriod".
8e '("o '""e""ed "tudent"/ critic'(1t&in6in+ "6i((" by '"6in+ t&em to 0rite ' "&ort e""'y in re")on"e
to ' )'intin+ t&'t t&ey &'d not )re!iou"(y "een. 2in'((y, 0e co((ected ' be&'!ior'( me'"ure o#
intere"t in 'rt con"um)tion by )ro!idin+ '(( "tudent" 0it& ' coded cou)on +ood #or #ree #'mi(y
'dmi""ion to ' ")eci'( e$&ibit 't t&e mu"eum to "ee 0&et&er t&e #ie(d tri) incre'"ed t&e (i6e(i&ood o#
"tudent" m'6in+ #uture !i"it".
A(( re"u(t" re)orted be(o0 're deri!ed #rom re+re""ion mode(" t&'t contro( #or "tudent +r'de (e!e(
'nd +ender 'nd m'6e com)'ri"on" 0it&in e'c& m'tc&ed )'ir, 0&i(e t'6in+ into 'ccount t&e #'ct t&'t
"tudent" in t&e m'tc&ed )'ir o# '))(ic'nt +rou)" 're (i6e(y to be "imi('r in 0'y" t&'t 0e 're un'b(e
to ob"er!e. St'nd'rd !'(idity te"t" con#irmed t&'t t&e "ur!ey item" em)(oyed to +ener'te t&e !'riou"
"c'(e" u"ed '" outcome" me'"ured t&e "'me under(yin+ con"truct".
T&e inter!ention 0e "tudied i" ' mode"t one. Student" recei!ed ' one1&our tour o# t&e mu"eum in
0&ic& t&ey ty)ic'((y !ie0ed 'nd di"cu""ed #i!e )'intin+". Some "tudent" 0ere #ree to ro'm t&e
mu"eum #o((o0in+ t&eir #orm'( tour, but t&e entire e$)erience u"u'((y in!o(!ed (e"" t&'n &'(# ' d'y.
In"truction'( m'teri'(" 0ere "ent to te'c&er" 0&o 0ent on ' tour, but our "ur!ey o# te'c&er" "u++e"t"
t&'t t&e"e m'teri'(" recei!ed re('ti!e(y (itt(e 'ttention, on '!er'+e no more t&'n 'n &our o# tot'(
c('"" time. T&e di"cu""ion o# e'c& )'intin+ durin+ t&e tour 0'" ('r+e(y "tudent1directed, 0it& t&e
mu"eum educ'tor" #'ci(it'tin+ t&e di"cour"e 'nd )ro!idin+ comment'ry beyond t&e n'me" o# t&e
0or6 'nd t&e 'rti"t 'nd ' brie# de"cri)tion on(y 0&en "tudent" re<ue"ted it. T&i" #orm't i" no0 t&e
norm in "c&oo( tour" o# 'rt mu"eum". T&e '!er"ion to &'!in+ mu"eum educ'tor" )ro!ide
in#orm'tion 'bout 0or6" o# 'rt i" moti!'ted in )'rt by )ro+re""i!e educ'tion t&eorie" 'nd by '
con!iction 'mon+ m'ny in mu"eum educ'tion t&'t "tudent" ret'in !ery (itt(e #'ctu'( in#orm'tion
#rom t&eir tour".
CONCLUSION
. Our re"e'rc& "u++e"t" t&'t "tudent" 'ctu'((y ret'in ' +re't de'( o# #'ctu'( in#orm'tion #rom t&eir
tour". Student" 0&o recei!ed ' tour o# t&e mu"eum 0ere 'b(e to rec'(( det'i(" 'bout t&e )'intin+"
t&ey &'d "een 't !ery &i+& r'te". 2or e$'m)(e, II )ercent o# t&e "tudent" 0&o "'0 t&e E'"tm'n
Ao&n"on )'intin+ At the CampSpinning Yarns and Whittling 6ne0 0&en "ur!eyed 0ee6" ('ter t&'t
t&e )'intin+ de)ict" 'bo(itioni"t" m'6in+ m')(e "yru) to undermine t&e "u+'r indu"try, 0&ic& re(ied
on "('!e ('bor. Simi('r(y, I2 )ercent o# t&o"e 0&o "'0 Norm'n .oc60e((/" Rosie the Riveter cou(d
rec'(( t&'t t&e )'intin+ em)&'"i:e" t&e im)ort'nce o# 0omen enterin+ t&e 0or6#orce durin+ 8or(d
8'r II. Amon+ "tudent" 0&o "'0 T&om'" H'rt @enton/" Ploughing It Under, FJ )ercent reco((ected
t&'t it i" ' de)iction o# ' #'rmer de"troyin+ &i" cro)" '" )'rt o# ' De)re""ion1er' )rice "u))ort
)ro+r'm. And FE )ercent o# t&e "tudent" 0&o "'0 .om're @e'rden/" Sacrifice cou(d remember t&'t
it i" )'rt o# t&e H'r(em .en'i""'nce 'rt mo!ement. Since t&ere 0'" no +u'r'ntee t&'t t&e"e #'ct"
0ou(d be r'i"ed in "tudent1directed di"cu""ion", 'nd bec'u"e "tudent" &'d no )'rticu('r re'"on #or
rememberin+ t&e"e det'i(" Kt&ere 0'" no te"t or +r'de '""oci'ted 0it& t&e tour"C, it i" im)re""i!e t&'t
t&ey cou(d rec'(( &i"toric'( 'nd "ocio(o+ic'( in#orm'tion 't "uc& &i+& r'te".
T&e"e re"u(t" "u++e"t t&'t 'rt cou(d be 'n im)ort'nt too( #or e##ecti!e(y con!eyin+ tr'dition'(
'c'demic content, but t&i" 'n'(y"i" c'nnot )ro!e it. T&e contro(1+rou) )er#orm'nce 0'" &'rd(y
better t&'n c&'nce in identi#yin+ #'ctu'( in#orm'tion 'bout t&e"e )'intin+", but t&ey ne!er &'d t&e
o))ortunity to (e'rn t&e m'teri'(. T&e &i+& r'te o# rec'(( o# #'ctu'( in#orm'tion by "tudent" 0&o
toured t&e mu"eum demon"tr'te" t&'t t&e tour" m'de 'n im)re""ion. T&e "tudent" cou(d remember
im)ort'nt det'i(" 'bout 0&'t t&ey "'0 'nd di"cu""ed.
. @eyond rec'((in+ t&e det'i(" o# t&eir tour, did ' !i"it to 'n 'rt mu"eum &'!e '
"i+ni#ic'nt e##ect on "tudent"9 Our "tudy demon"tr'te" t&'t it did. 2or e$'m)(e, "tudent"
r'ndom(y '""i+ned to recei!e ' "c&oo( tour o# Cry"t'( @rid+e" ('ter di")('yed demon"tr'b(y
"tron+er 'bi(ity to t&in6 critic'((y 'bout 'rt t&'n t&e contro( +rou).
Durin+ t&e #ir"t "eme"ter o# t&e "tudy, 0e "&o0ed '(( %rd1 t&rou+& 12t&1+r'de "tudent" ' )'intin+
t&ey &'d not )re!iou"(y "een, @o @'rt(ett/" The o!. 8e t&en '"6ed "tudent" to 0rite "&ort e""'y" in
re")on"e to t0o <ue"tion"; 8&'t do you t&in6 i" +oin+ on in t&i" )'intin+9 And, 0&'t do you "ee
t&'t m'6e" you t&in6 t&'t9 T&e"e 're "t'nd'rd )rom)t" u"ed by mu"eum educ'tor" to ")'r6
di"cu""ion durin+ "c&oo( tour".
8e "tri))ed t&e e""'y" o# '(( identi#yin+ in#orm'tion 'nd &'d t0o coder" r'te t&e com)o"ition"
u"in+ ' "e!en1item rubric #or me'"urin+ critic'( t&in6in+ t&'t 0'" de!e(o)ed by re"e'rc&er" 't t&e
I"'be((' Ste0'rt G'rdner Du"eum in @o"ton. T&e me'"ure i" b'"ed on t&e number o# in"t'nce" t&'t
"tudent" en+'+ed in t&e #o((o0in+ in t&eir e""'y"; ob"er!in+, inter)retin+, e!'(u'tin+, '""oci'tin+,
)rob(em #indin+, com)'rin+, 'nd #(e$ib(e t&in6in+. Our me'"ure o# critic'( t&in6in+ i" t&e "um o#
t&e count" o# t&e"e "e!en item". In tot'(, our re"e'rc& te'm b(ind(y "cored %,I11 e""'y". 2or F,E o#
t&o"e e""'y", t0o re"e'rc&er" "cored t&em inde)endent(y. T&e "core" t&ey '""i+ned to t&e "'me
e""'y 0ere !ery "imi('r, demon"tr'tin+ t&'t 0e 0ere 'b(e to me'"ure critic'( t&in6in+ 'bout 'rt 0it&
' &i+& de+ree o# inter1coder re(i'bi(ity.
8e e$)re"" t&e im)'ct o# ' "c&oo( tour o# Cry"t'( @rid+e" on critic'(1t&in6in+ "6i((" in term" o#
"t'nd'rd1de!i'tion e##ect "i:e". O!er'((, 0e #ind t&'t "tudent" '""i+ned by (ottery to ' tour o# t&e
mu"eum im)ro!e t&eir 'bi(ity to t&in6 critic'((y 'bout 'rt by J )ercent o# ' "t'nd'rd de!i'tion
re('ti!e to t&e contro( +rou). T&e bene#it #or di"'d!'nt'+ed +rou)" i" con"ider'b(y ('r+er K"ee 2i+ure
1C. .ur'( "tudent", 0&o (i!e in to0n" 0it& #e0er t&'n 1E,EEE )eo)(e, e$)erience 'n incre'"e in
critic'(1t&in6in+ "6i((" o# ne'r(y one1t&ird o# ' "t'nd'rd de!i'tion. Student" #rom &i+&1)o!erty
"c&oo(" Kt&o"e 0&ere more t&'n ,E )ercent o# "tudent" recei!e #ree or reduced1)rice (unc&e"C
e$)erience 'n 1I )ercent e##ect1"i:e im)ro!ement in critic'( t&in6in+ 'bout 'rt, '" do minority
"tudent".
.E2E.ENCE
1C Te'c&in+ o# "cience 1 Anu "oni
2C Te'c&in+ o# "cience 1 ..C.D'"
%C Te'c&in+ o# "cience 1S.. .Ao"&i
*C Te'c&in+ o# "cience 1 S.P.?u("&re"&t&'