25. Doles vs.

Angeles
G.R. No. 149353 | June 26, 2006First Division
FACTS: In 1997, Ma. ura !ina n"e#es $res%on&ent' (i#e& )it* t*e R!+ a ,o-%#aint (or
.%e,i(i, /er(or-an,e )it* Da-a"es a"ainst Jo,e#0n 1. Do#es $%etitioner' a##e"in" t*at %etitioner
)as in&e2te& to t*e (or-er in t*e ,on,e%t o( a %ersona# #oan a-ountin" to /405,430.00
re%resentin" t*e %rin,i%a# a-ount an& interest. /etitioner, t*en res%on&ent, )*i#e a&-ittin" so-e
a##e"ations int*e +o-%#aint, &enie& t*at s*e 2orro)e& -one0 (ro- res%on&ent, an& averre& t*at
(ro- June to.e%te-2er 1995, s*e re(erre& *er (rien&s to res%on&ent )*o- s*e 3ne) to 2e
en"a"e& in t*e 2usiness o( #en&in" -one0 in e4,*an"e (or %ersona# ,*e,3s t*rou"*
*er ,a%ita#ist rsenio /ua. .*e a##e"e& t*at *er (rien&s 2orro)e& -one0 (ro- res%on&ent an&
issue& %ersona# ,*e,3s
in %a0-ent o( t*e #oan 2ut t*e ,*e,3s 2oun,e&. In or&er to ,o##e,t -one0, t*e res%on&ent t*ent*r
eatene& to initiate a ,ri-ina# ,ase a"ainst *er (or vio#ation o( Batas Pambansa Blg. 225 t*at
s*e)as (or,e& 20 res%on&ent to e4e,ute an 62so#ute Dee& o( .a#e6 over *er %ro%ert0 in
1a,oor,+avite, to avoi& ,ri-ina# %rose,ution5 t*at t*e sai& &ee& *a& no va#i& ,onsi&eration5 t*at
s*e &i&not a%%ear 2e(ore a notar0 %u2#i,5 t*at t*e +o--unit0 !a4 +erti(i,ate nu-2er on t*e &ee&
)asnot *ers an& (or )*i,* res%on&ent -a0 2e %rose,ute& (or (a#si(i,ation an& %er7ur05 an& t*at
s*esu((ere& &a-a"es an& #ost renta# as a resu#t.
ISSUE: Is Do#es $%etitioner' -ere#0 an a"ent or re%resentative o( t*e a##e"e& &e2tors, *en,e not
a %art0 to t*e #oan8
RULING
N9. In vie) o( t*e t)o a"en,0 re#ations*i%s, %etitioner an& res%on&ent are not %riv0 to
t*e ,ontra,t o( #oan 2et)een t*eir %rin,i%a#s. .in,e t*e sa#e is %re&i,ate& on t*at #oan, t*en t*e
sa#e is voi& (or #a,3 o( ,onsi&eration. In&ee&, t*e Dee& o( 2so#ute .a#e %ur%orts to 2e su%%orte&
20 a ,onsi&eration in t*e (or- o( a %ri,e ,ertain in -one0 an& t*at t*is su- in&is%uta2#0 %ertains
to t*e &e2t in issue. !*is +ourt *as ,onsistent#0 *e#& t*at a ,ontra,t o( sa#e is nu## an& voi& an&
%ro&u,es no e((e,t )*atsoever )*ere t*e sa-e is )it*out ,ause or ,onsi&eration. !*e :uestion
t*at *as to 2e reso#ve& (or t*e -o-ent is )*et*er t*is &e2t ,an 2e ,onsi&ere& as a va#i& ,ause
or ,onsi&eration (or t*e sa#e. !o restate, t*e + ,ite& (our instan,es in t*e re,or& to su%%ort its
*o#&in" t*at %etitioner 6re;#en&s6 t*e a-ount 2orro)e& (ro- res%on&ent to *er (rien&s< (irst, t*e
(rien&s o( %etitioner never %resente& t*e-se#ves to res%on&ent an& t*at a## transa,tions )ere
-a&e 20 an& 2et)een %etitioner an& res%on&ent5 se,on&5 t*e -one0 %asse& t*rou"* t*e 2an3
a,,ounts o( %etitioner an& res%on&ent5 t*ir&, %etitioner *erse#( a&-itte& t*at s*e )as 6re;#en&in"6
t*e -one0 #oane& to ot*er in&ivi&ua#s (or %ro(it5 an& (ourt*, t*e &o,u-entar0 evi&en,e s*o)s
t*at t*e a,tua# 2orro)ers, t*e (rien&s o( %etitioner, ,onsi&er *er as t*eir ,re&itor an& not t*e
res%on&ent.
9n t*e (irst, t*ir&, an& (ourt* %oints, t*e + ,ites t*e testi-on0 o( t*e %etitioner, t*en &e(en&ant,
&urin" *er ,ross;e4a-ination< Res%on&ent is esto%%e& to &en0 t*at s*e *erse#( a,te& as a"ent o( a
,ertain rsenio /ua,*er &is,#ose& %rin,i%a#. .*e is a#so esto%%e& to &en0 t*at %etitioner a,te& as
a"ent (or t*e a##e"e& &e2tors, t*e (rien&s )*o- s*e $%etitioner' re(erre&. !*is +ourt *as a((ir-e&
t*at, un&er rti,#e 1=6= o( t*e +ivi# +o&e, t*e 2asis o( a"en,0 is re%resentation. !*e :uestion o(
)*et*er an a"en,0 *as 2een ,reate& is or&inari#0 a :uestion )*i,* -a0 2e esta2#is*e& in t*e
sa-e )a0 as an0 ot*er (a,t, eit*er 20 &ire,t or ,ir,u-stantia# evi&en,e. !*e :uestion is
u#ti-ate#0 one o( intention. "en,0 -a0 even 2e i-%#ie& (ro- t*e )or&s an& ,on&u,t o( t*e
%arties an& t*e ,ir,u-stan,es o( t*e %arti,u#ar ,ase. !*ou"* t*e (a,t or e4tent o(aut*orit0 o( t*e
a"ents -a0 not, as a "enera# ru#e, 2e esta2#is*e& (ro- t*e &e,#arations o( t*ea"ents a#one, i( one
%ro(esses to a,t as a"ent (or anot*er, s*e -a0 2e esto%%e& to &en0 *er a"en,0 2ot* as a"ainst
t*e asserte& %rin,i%a# an& t*e t*ir& %ersons intereste& in t*e transa,tion in )*i,**e or s*e is
en"a"e&.In t*is ,ase, %etitioner 3ne) t*at t*e (inan,ier o( res%on&ent is /ua5 an& res%on&ent
3ne)t*at t*e 2orro)ers are (rien&s o( %etitioner.!*e + is in,orre,t )*en it ,onsi&ere& t*e (a,t
t*at t*e 6su%%ose& (rien&s o( >%etitioner?,t*e a,tua# 2orro)ers, &i& not %resent t*e-se#ves to
>res%on&ent?6 as evi&en,e t*at ne"ates t*ea"en,0 re#ations*i% @ it is su((i,ient t*at %etitioner
&is,#ose& to res%on&ent t*at t*e (or-er )asa,tin" in 2e*a#( o( *er %rin,i%a#s, *er (rien&s )*o-
s*e re(erre& to res%on&ent. For an a"en,0 toarise, it is not ne,essar0 t*at t*e %rin,i%a# %ersona##0
en,ounter t*e t*ir& %erson )it* )*o- t*ea"ent intera,ts. !*e #a) in (a,t ,onte-%#ates, an& to a
"reat &e"ree, i-%ersona# &ea#in"s )*eret*e %rin,i%a# nee& not %ersona##0 3no) or -eet t*e t*ir&
%erson )it* )*o- *er a"ent transa,ts< %re,ise#0, t*e %ur%ose o( a"en,0 is to e4ten& t*e
%ersona#it0 o( t*e %rin,i%a# t*rou"* t*e (a,i#it0o( t*e a"ent.In t*e ,ase at 2ar, 2ot* %etitioner an&
res%on&ent *ave un&enia2#0 &is,#ose& to ea,* ot*ert*at t*e0 are re%resentin" so-eone e#se, an&
so 2ot* o( t*e- are esto%%e& to &en0 t*e sa-e. It isevi&ent (ro- t*e re,or& t*at %etitioner -ere#0
re(ers a,tua# 2orro)ers an& t*en ,o##e,ts an&&is2urses t*e a-ounts o( t*e #oan u%on )*i,* s*e
re,eive& a ,o--ission5 an& t*at res%on&enttransa,ts on 2e*a#( o( *er 6%rin,i%a# (inan,ier6, a
,ertain rsenio /ua. I( t*eir res%e,tive %rin,i%a#s &o not a,tua##0 an& %ersona##0
3no) ea,* ot*er, su,* i"noran,e &oes not a((e,t t*eir 7uri&i,a# stan&in" as a"ents, es%e,ia##0 sin,
e t*e ver0 %ur%ose o( a"en,0 is to e4ten& t*e %ersona#it0 o( t*e %rin,i%a# t*rou"* t*e (a,i#it0 o(
t*e a"ent.Ait* res%e,t to t*e a&-ission o( %etitioner t*at s*e is 6re;#en&in"6 t*e -one0
#oane&(ro- res%on&ent to ot*er in&ivi&ua#s (or %ro(it, it must be stressed that the manner in which
the parties designate the relationship is not controlling. I( an a,t &one 20 one %erson in 2e*a#(
o(anot*er is in its essentia# nature one o( a"en,0, t*e (or-er is t*e a"ent o( t*e
#atternot)it*stan&in" *e or s*e is not so ,a##e&. !*e :uestion is to 2e &eter-ine& 20 t*e (a,t t*at
onere%resents an& is a,tin" (or anot*er, an& i( re#ations e4ist )*i,* )i## ,onstitute an a"en,0, it
will be an agency whether the parties understood the exact nature of the relation or not. !*at 2ot* %arties
a,te& as -ere a"ents is s*o)n 20 t*e un&is%ute& (a,t t*at t*e (rien&s o( %etitioner issue& ,*e,3s
in %a0-ent o( t*e #oan in t*e na-e o( /ua. I( it is true t*at %etitioner )as6re;#en&in"6, t*en t*e
,*e,3s s*ou#& *ave 2een &ra)n in *er na-e an& not &ire,t#0 %ai& to /ua.Ait* res%e,t to t*e
se,on& %oint, %arti,u#ar#0, t*e (in&in" o( t*e + t*at t*e &is2urse-ents an& %a0-ents (or t*e #oan
)ere -a&e t*rou"* t*e 2an3 a,,ounts o( %etitioner an& res%on&ent,su((i,e it to sa0 t*at in t*e
nor-a# ,ourse o( ,o--er,ia# &ea#in"s an& (or reasons o( ,onvenien,ean& %ra,ti,a# uti#it0 it ,an
2e reasona2#0 e4%e,te& t*at t*e (a,i#ities o( t*e a"ent, su,* as a 2an3a,,ount, -a0 2e e-%#o0e&,
an& t*at a su2;a"ent 2e a%%ointe&, su,* as t*e 2an3 itse#(, to ,arr0 outt*e tas3, es%e,ia##0 )*ere
t*ere is no sti%u#ation to t*e ,ontrar0