Center frequency

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The frequency axis of this symbolic diagram may be linearly or logarithmically scaled. Except in special cases, the peak
response will not align precisely with the center frequency.
In electrical engineering and telecommunications, the center frequency of a filter or channel is a measure of a
central frequency between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies. It is usually defined as either the arithmetic
mean or the geometric mean of the lower cutoff frequency and the upper cutoff frequency of a band-pass
system or a band-stop system.
Typically, the geometric mean is used in systems based on certain transformations of lowpass filter designs,
where thefrequency response is constructed to be symmetric on a logarithmic frequency scale.
[1]
The geometric
center frequency corresponds to a mapping of the DC response of the prototype lowpass filter, which is
a resonant frequency sometimes equal to the peak frequency of such systems, for example as in a Butterworth
filter.
The arithmetic definition is used in more general situations, such as in
describing passband telecommunication systems, where filters are not necessarily symmetric but are treated
on a linear frequency scale for applications such as frequency-division multiplexing.
[2]

[edit]References
1. ^ John T. Taylor and Qiuting Huang (1997). CRC Handbook of Electrical Filters. CRC
Press. ISBN 0849389518.
2. ^ Julie K. Petersen (2003). Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary. CRC Press. ISBN 084931349



Cumulative Frequency


The total of a frequency and all frequencies below it in a frequency
distribution. It is the 'running total' of frequencies.

See: Frequency distribution













Normal distribution curve definition

In statistics, the theoretical curve that shows how often an
experiment will produce a particular result. The curve is symmetrical
and bell shaped, showing that trials will usually give a result near
the average, but will occasionally deviate by large amounts. The
width of the bell indicates how much confidence one can have in
the result of an experiment the narrower the bell, the higher the
confidence. This curve is also called the Gaussian curve, after the nineteenth-
century German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss. (See statistical significance.)
Note : The normal distribution curve is often used in connection
with tests in schools. Test designers often find that their
results match a normal distribution curve, in which a large
number of test takers do moderately well (the middle of the
bell); some do worse than average, and some do better (the
sloping sides of the bell); and a very small number get very high
or very low scores (the rim of the bell).