THE FAMILY WITH AN INFANT (INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT)

MONTH
2
4

0-1
8
10
11
5

6
3
9

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
holds head up when prone
grasps
stepping
tonic reflexes are fading
reaches out in anticipation of being picked up
first tooth(central incisor) erupts
sits unsteadily (still needs support
largely reflex
sits securely without support
pulls self to standing
cruises
turns front to back
no longer has head lag when pulled upright
bears partial weight on feet
turns both ways
moro reflex fading
holds head and chest up when prone
creeps or crawls

MONTH
0-1

o keeps hand fisted

6
2
7
10

o
o
o
o
o

FINE MOTOR

able to follow objects at midline

uses palmar grasp
has social smile
transfers object hand to hand
uses pincer grasp(thumb and finger) to pick up small
objects
o follows object past midline

MONTH

SOCIALIZATION AND LANGUAGE

o makes cooing sound

3
6
7
9
8

o
o
o
o
o
o

differentiates cry
laughs out loud
may say vowel sounds
shows beginning fear and strangers
says first word(da-da)
has peaked fear for strangers (ability to tell know from unknown)

4
3
7
6

o
o
o
o
o
o

PLAY
enjoys watching face of primary caregiver
listens to soothing sounds
needs space to turn
spends time looking at hands or uses them as toys during the month(hand regard)
like objects that are good size for transferring
enjoys bathtub toys

9
11
2
8

o
o
o
o
o

rubber ring for teething

needs space for creeping
cruises
enjoys bright colored mobiles
enjoys manipulation

MONTH
0-1

o rattles

10
5

o toys of different textures

o plays games like pretty-cake and peek a boo
o handles rattle well

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
6 WEEKS
social smile
8 MONTHS
stranger anxiety or eighth month anxiety
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
PRIMARY
at THIRD MONTH OF LIFE, an infant explores objects by grasping them
CIRCULAR
with hands or mouthing them
REACTION
infants are unaware of what actions they can cause or what actions occur
independently
SECONDARY
at SIX MONTHS OF AGE, they can grasp the idea that their actions can
CIRCULAR
initiate pleasurable sensations
REACTION
COORDINATION AT 10 MONTHS, infants discover OBJECT PERMANENCE, or awareness
OF SECONDARY that an object out of sight still exist
SCHEMA
PROMOTING INFANTS SAFETY
ACCIDENTS
leading cause of death in children from 1 MONTH THROUGH 24 MONTHS
OF AGE
FALLS
second major cause of infant accidents
ASPIRATION
accidents of infants
FALLS
MOTOR
VEHICLE
SUFFOCATION
DROWNING
ANIMAL BITES
POISONONG
ASPIRATIONS
be certain any object that an infant can grasp to the mouth is either
safe to eat or too big to fit in the mouth
inspect toys and pacifiers for small parts that could be aspirated
FALLS
never leave an infant on an unprotected surface as the bed or
couch
place a gate at the top and bottom of stairways
do not allow an infant to walk with sharp object in the mouth or
hands
raise crib rails and make sure they are locked
do not leave child unattended in a high chair
MOTOR
never transport an infant unless an infant is buckled into an infant
VEHICLE
car seat in the back seat of a car
do not be distracted by an infant while driving
do not leave an infant unattended in a parked car
SUFFOCATION
allow no plastic bag within an infants reach

DROWNING
ANIMAL BITES
POISONING

do not use pillows on cribs

store unused appliances such as stoves or refrigerators with the
doors removed
remove constrictive clothing
do not leave infants alone in the bathtub
never allow an infant to approach a strange dog
never present medication as candy
put medications in containers with safety caps
never take medications infront of infants
use no-lead based paint in any area of the home
hang plants or set in high places
post telephone number of the poison control center by telephone