SOKLETASI OF DRAGON FRUIT

(by : 1st group)

ABSTRACT
This research was about exstraction to exstraction dragon fruit.. It is done by using
socletation methode.This methode was just used to exstraction solid samples .Percolation
and materation methode was also included of this method. This methode was done by
repeated screening. Organic volatile solvent was used in this research by way of heating
and repeated screening.The organic volatile such as methyl alcohol,n-hexane,etc. In this
research was used methyl alcohol as the solvent because the polarity of the solvent. The
time was taken for one hour. The finding of this research was found the secunder
methabolyt component from exstract the dragon fruit based on the polarity solvent.

INTRODUCTION
Soklet method is an method or some separation of compound from soklet thing
by filtering technique, specific solvent, and boiling until the compound whose
need is made. The object or means of solid thing of soklet method is some
organic thing or from living thing.
Soklet method we choose to this object because soklet metode has extract
so completely. Many of methode has give nice product, but soklet has extract the
secunder metabolite compound. So, isolation and product are pure.
The sample of soklet that we choose is dragon fruit. Dragon Fruit has
been known by indonesian since 2006 and the consumen of this fuit are
increase because many arrticle said dragon fruit is nice to human metabolism.
And then dragon fruit has much jurnal to tell about what the compound of
dragon fruit.
For the soklet methode have limitation of their process. Using dragon
fruit as the object and the solvent methanol and hexane. Methanol is a polar

solvent, while Hexane is non-polar solvent. This methode or technique has 3

hours to process and get the secunder metabolit compound.

LITERATUR REVIEW
Plants produce a wide range of chemicals for a particular purpose, are called secondary
metabolites. Plant secondary metabolites is a material that is not essential to the interests
of the plant life, but usually has a unique function, for example to compete with other
living beings, or to attract insects to spread seeds. Secondary metabolites produced by
plants

are

alkaloids,

terpenoids,

isoprenoids,

flavonoid.cyanogenic

glucoside,

glucosinolates and nonprotein aminoacid.Alka secondary alkaloid is a metabolit most

produced by plant.Alkaloid is a nitrogen-containing organic materials as part of a
system heterosiklik. Generally, alkaloids produced by plants, although it can be found in
fungi (Ebel : 97)
Cactus / dragon fruit although more popular as an ornamental plant , but cacti /
dragon fruit also has the benefits of a plant - like drugs. This needs further more
explanation about its benefits as natural medicine. Since 19th century , the cactus plant
/ fruit nagatelah scientists studied because it has the active ingredient alkaloids , such as
- phenylethylaminedan tetraisoquinoline . To date over dari 60 compounds in cactus
plants / dragon fruit which has been isolated such as anhalonine , hordenine , mescaline
, N - acetylmescaline , pellontine , tyramine.Senyawa hordenine and tyramine have
properties as an anti- microbial to prevent various kinds of diseases such as arthritis ,
influent - za , infection , diabetes , ear pain , eye pain , rheumatism , venomous animal
bites and so on ( Ganiswarna : 519)
Cactus plants / dragon fruit has long been studied by scientists because they
have the alkaloid content , such as the type of Lophophora williams ii Lem that contains
many mescalin . Saatini have been found in a species over 60 compounds cactusini. So,
Peyote is a cactus / dragon fruit is called " A little green chemicalfactory ." Most of
alkaloids

cactus

plants

dragon

fruit

is

phenylethylamine

and

Simple

tetraisoquimoline . Alkaloids have been isolated which are anhalonine , hordenine,

mescalinem

Nacetyl

mescaline,

Nmethylmescaline,

pellotine

salsolinedantyramine.Spesies L. williamsii is a species of cactus / dragon fruit very well

known because it contains mescaline is a narcotic alkaloid give hallucinogenic effects .

Cactus / dragon fruit is have been a kind traditionally used thousands of years by Indian
tribes in North and South America to show cactus plant alkaloids. Biosintesis / aga have
been studied in L.williams species . Biosynthesis of mescaline in mulaidari
hidroksilasityrosine , then undergo decarboxylation , and final result, several times
methylation produces mescaline (Fieser casey: 400)
The results of the research of some scientists reported that, O.ficusindica
mengadung 8 flavonoids kaempferol, quercetin, kaemfero 3methyl ether, quercetin
3methylether, narcissin, aromadendri, taxifolin and eriodictyol. In addition it is said that
the fruit juice containing ascorbic acid ficusindica O., total polyphenols and antioxidant
activity showed ( Hart Harold : 239)
Sokletasi is a method / process of separating the components contained in the
solids by filtration repeatedly using certain solvents, so that all desired components will
be isolated (Wikipedia.org)
Making an organic compound from a solid natural material called extraction. If
the organic compounds contained in the solid material in a small amount, then the
isolation techniques used can not be maceration, but with other techniques where the
solvent used should always be in a state of heat that is expected to isolate the organic
compounds more efficiently. Such isolation is called sokletasi (Fessenden : 560)
Sokletasi used in certain organic solvents . By way of heating , so that the steam
arising after the cold is continuous, will wet the sample , the solvent regularly put back
into the flask with a chemical compound to be isolated such . Solvent chemical
compounds that have been brought to the distillation flask is evaporated so that the
solvent can be removed again when an organic mixture is liquid or solid substance
found in a solid , it can be extracted by using the desired solvent (Fessenden : 561)

METHODOLOGY
In this methode, we use soklet methode and kromatography methode. Soklet methode is
used to extract the secunder metabolit by using the solvent based on their polarity. The
solvent is methanol as Polar-solvent , then hexane as non-polar. the aim is for
secondary metabolites obtained in accordance with the polarity of the solvent used.
Kromatographys coloum methode is used to know what the kind of secunder metabolit
based on the color of extract of compound.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

dragon fruit as samples for making components of compounds or secondary
metabolites. making these compounds sokletasi method, where the process has a
working principle that the filtering is done repeatedly until the sample extracted
perfectly.
At the first step, n this process, the sample was cut into small pieces and
wrapped with filter paper in a cylindrical shape and hung by a thread. it is intended
that do not clog the capillary tube soklet tool. And then, samples were stored by the
polarity of the solvent, which owns accordance with the sample. Methanol is used as a
solvent to extract the compounds that are polar secondary Metaboli such as alkaloids,
flavonoids, and coumarin. while While, Hexana to extract the metabolites that are nonpolar. in the dragon fruit, there are metabolites such as saponins, triterpenoids,
alkaloids. For make sure the kind of its metabolit sekunder, do the kromatography
coloumn. And its result was same as sokletasi coloumn.

CONCLUSION ADVICE
Based on the practicum, we could conclude that soklet was a methode isolation a
components from the solid thing by repeated filtering and used the solvent based the
polarity. The components of dragon fruit was saponi, triterpenoid, and alkaloid.

ADVICE
To get the better results on the next time, do filtering properly and the appropriate
temperature. solvent used must also comply with the sample. And then, Samples were
wrapped in filter paper should be submerged by solvent.