Consider the following figure to write the general expression for the given triangular

wave.

Figure 1

From Figure 1, the functional expression is written as follows.

A
x t T t
T
Consider the following general Fourier series representation is given as follows.

a
2 nt
2 nt

(1)
x t 0 an cos
bn sin

2 n 1
T
T
The coefficients of the Fourier series are calculated as follows.
T
1
a0 x t dt
T T
Substitute the value of x t and find a 0 .
0
T

1 A
A
a0 T t dt T t dt
T T T
T
0

0
T

A
2 T t dt T t dt
T T
0

A
2
T

t 2 0 t 2 T


2 T 2 0

A T 2 T 2
2

T 2
2
A
Thus, the value of a 0 is A .

The expression to calculate the coefficient a n is given as follows.

1 T
2 nt
an x t cos
dt
T 0
T
Substitute the value of x t and find a n .
T A
1 0 A
2 nt
2 nt
T t cos
dt
T t cos
dt

0 T
T T T
T
T

0
T
A
2 nt
2 nt
2 T t cos
dt T t cos
dt

T
0
T
T
T

an

0
T

sin 2 n t cos 2 n t
sin 2 n t cos 2 n t
A
2 T t

T t

2
2
T
2 n T
2 n T
2 n T T
2 n T 0

A
T2

1
cos 2 nT cos 2 nT
1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 n T 2 n T 2 n T
2 n T

2 cos 2 n T
2

2
2
2
2 n T 2
2 n T
2A

1 cos 2 n T
2
2 n T 4

A
T2

Thus, the value of a n is

2A

2 n

T4

1 cos 2 n T .

The expression to calculate the coefficient bn is given as follows.

1 T
2 nt
bn x t sin
dt
0
T
T
From Figure 1, x t x t . Thus, the function is a even function.
Thus, the value of bn is 0.
Substitute the values of a 0 , a n and bn in Equation (1).
x t

A
2A
2 nt

1

cos
2

n
T
cos

2 n 1 2 n 2 T 4
T

x t

A 2A 1
2 nt
4
1 cos 2 n T cos

2
2 T n 1 2 n
T

Thus,
x t

the

Fourier

series

expression

is

A 2A 1
2 nt
4
1

cos
2

n
T
cos

2 T n 1 2 n 2
T

The Fourier coefficients in polar form are An and an .

The general form of Fourier series with polar coefficients is expressed as follows.

f x x0 xn cos n x n

(2)

n 1

The value of x 0 is same as a 0 .

Consider the following expression to calculate x n .

xn an 2 bn 2
Substitute the magnetic value of a n and bn to find x n .
2

2A
xn
0
2
4
2 n T

2A

2
2 n T 4

Thus, the value of x n is

2A

2 n

T4

Consider the expression to calculate n .

b
n tan 1 n
an
Substitute the magnetic value of a n and bn to find n .

0
1
n tan
2
A

2 n 2 T 4

Thus, the value of n is 0.

Substitute the value of x 0 , x n and n in Equation (2).

2A
f x A
cos
n

2
4

n 1 2 n T

2A
f x A
cos
n

2
4

n 1 2 n T

Thus,

the

Fourier

series

2A
f x A
cos
n

x
.

2
4

n 1 2 n T

expression

in

polar

form

is