Genetic variability of vegetative characters of

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) accessions

A. Wijaya1), Susantidiana3), M. U. Harun1), H. Hawalid2),

M. Surahman4) dan B. Lakitan1)
 Introduction
Jatropha development in Indonesia
is still controversial issues

• Jatropha productivity is
only 5 ton seed per ha
per year

• palm oil can produce

20 ton fresh fruit bund
per ha per year.

• Hybrid Variety
 Introduction
Why is Hybridization ?

•The hybrid variety can

increase the productivity

•Jatropha does not need

an application of CMS
system.

It is easy to propagate
use vegetative method
Introduction
 Introduction

Heterosis %)
Species Yield Plant high

Self Pollination
-Wheat 9 -3

Half cross pollination

Rape seed 45 -1
Vicia faba 51 25
Cross pollination
Maize 222 74
Sun flower 135 17
the related distance between parents has a high correlation to the heterosis
effect, so bigger the distance between both parents so higher the effect
of heterosis.
 Jatropha hybridization program

1. Germplasm collection

2. Identification

DNA Identification Activity nitrate reduction

Morphology identification
Use RAPD method Enzyme Identification

3. Parental selection

4. Crossing program

5. F1 evaluation

Yield test DNA Identification Activity nitrate reduction

Use RAPD method Enzyme Identification

Selected Hybrid Plant

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

• Randomized Block Design with three replications.

• 15 accessions
• Each treatment unit is 7.5 m x 6 m = 45 m2 (There is 4000 m2)
 MATERIAL AND METHOD

No The name Code Note

of accession accession
1. Komering KMR Low land in Komering River Catch Area
2 Palembang PLG Low land Palembang
3 Jogyakarta JGY Costal area in Jogyakarta
4 Indralaya INR Swamp area in South Sumatra
5 ATP 1 ATP1 The best clone is selected from 90 clones which
produced by mutation from BATAN
6 ATP 2 ATP2 The second of the best clone is selected from 90
clones which produced by mutation from BATAN
7 Pontianak PNT Low land in Borneo
8 Lahat LHT Middle land in South Sumatra
9 Pagaralam PGR High land in South Sumatra
10 Curup CRP High land in Bengkulu
11 Lampung LMP Plantation Research Center in Bogor
12 Medan MDN Low land in Medan
13 Aceh Besar ABS Midle Land in Aceh
14 Pidie PDI Low land in Aceh
15 Gorontalo GRT PT. Rajawali Nusantara 2.
 MATERIAL AND METHOD

Parameters
1. Increasing of plant height
2. Increasing of stem diameter.
3. Increasing of leaf number
4. Plant growth rate relative
5. Leaf shape
6. Leaf color
7. Color of leaf stalk
8. Leaf chlorophyll content
9. Intensity of leaf curl

In dry season, mostly the Jatropha

accessions were attacked by
insects that suck the leaf solution.
The insects were suspected as
a vector of leaf curl virus diseases
 MATERIAL AND METHOD

> The quantitative data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The means values of the genotype were compared using Fischer’s Least
Significant Difference test (LSD test)

> the genetic and phenotypic variability of a character are broad variability
when the genetic and phenotypic variance of this character are bigger than
two times of genetic and phenotypic standard error variance.

>The genetic and phenotypic variability are narrow when

the genetic and phenotypic variances are smaller than genetic and
phenotypic standard error variance.
 RESULT

Table 2. F-value and mean value of each character.

Character F Value Mean Value
Increasing of plant height 3,9027** 19,83 ± 4,12
Increasing of stem diameter (mm) 7.8511** 113,11 ± 26,85
Plant growth rate relative 3,0984** 0,43± 0,09
Increasing of leaf number 3,2969** 70,50 ± 15,18
tn
Number of banch 1,282 2,79± 1,09
Leaf chlorophyll content 4,8618** 19,83 ± 4,12
Intensity of leaf curl (%) 11,334** 67,65 ± 28,19
NS = Non Significant , * * highly significant difference
 RESULT

•The result observation of visual performance showed that the Jatropha

accessions had the relative similar visual performance.

•The observed accessions had the five angels with pale reddish color.

•The leaf color was changed to green when the leaf full developed.
The similar phenomena had found in the leaf stalk and stem color.
 Increasing of Plant High (cm)

10
15
20
25
30

0
5
KM
R

ab
PL
G
ef

JG
Y
cdef

IN
R
a

AT
P1
def

AT
P2
abc

PN
T
LH
abcd

T
PG
abcd

R
Accession

C
RESULT

bcde

RP
LM
abcd

P
M
D
bcde

N
f

AB
S
def

PD
I
f

G
R
T
def
 Pertambahan Diameter (mm)

20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160

0
KM
R
PL
G
JG
Y
IN
R
AT
P1
AT
P2
PN
T
LH
T
PG
Aksesi

R
C
RESULT

R
P
LM
P
M
DN
AB
S
PD
I
G
R
T
 RESULT

100
a
90
ab abc abc ab ab ab
80
cd abc bcd bc
70
Leaf Number

cd cd
60 d
50 d
40
30
20
10
0
R

N
Y

I
S
R

P
T

T
G

P1

P2

PD
IN

LH
JG

D
PN

AB
LM

R
KM

PG
PL

AT

AT

M
C

G
Accession
 Branch Number

0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5

0
1
2
3
4
KM
R
PL
G
JG
Y
IN
R
AT
P1
AT
P2
PN
T
LH
T
PG
R
Accession C
RP
RESULT

LM
P
M
D
N
AB
S
PD
I
G
R
T
 RESULT

0.6 abc ab a
bcd abc abc
Plant Growth Rate Relative

0.5
de de cde cde cde cde cde
0.4 e
e
0.3

0.2

0.1

0
R

DN
P
Y

P1

P2

T
R

S
G

I
T
P

PD
JG

PN

LM
LH

AB

R
KM

IN

R
PG
PL

AT

AT

G
C
Accessions
 Leaf Crul Intensity (%)

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

0
KM
R
a

PL
G
ab

JG
Y
ab

IN
R
cd

AT
P1
ab

AT
P2
ab

PN
T
ab

LH
T
ab

PG
R
Accession
ab
RESULT

C
R
P
bc

LM
P
a

M
D
N
ab

AB
S
f

PD
I
de

G
R
T
ef
 Chlorophyll Content

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
KM 45
R 40 de
PL
G
ef

JG
Y
ab

IN
R
cd

AT
P1
cd

AT
P2
bc

PN
T
ef

LH
T
fg

PG
R
C
fg

R
RESULT

Accession

P
fg

LM
P
g

M
DN
cd

AB
S
a

PD
I
G
cd

R
T
cd
 RESULT

Table 2. The genetic variability of observed characters

Observed character Genetic 2 x standard Genetic

variability error variability
Criteria
Increassing of plant high 8.35 6.67 Broad
Increassing of stem diameter (mm) 516.15 48.65 Broad
Plant growth rate relative 0.0038 0.15 Narrow
Leaf number 95.09 23.37 Broad
Stem number 0.10 13.48 Narrow
Chlorophyll leaf content 7.67 7.15 Broad
The leaf curl diases intensity 905.78 51.47 Broad
 RESULT

Table 3. The phenotific variability of observed characters

Observed character Phenotific 2 x standard Phenotific
variability error variability
Criteria
Increassing of plant high 16,98 8,24 Broad
Increassing of stem diameter (mm) 742,17 53,71 Broad
Plant growth rate relative 11,73 29,62 Narrow
Leaf number 1170,56 67,70 Broad
Stem number 0,0038 0,19 Narrow
Chlorophyll leaf content 219,28 30,36 Broad
The leaf curl diases intensity 1,18 2,18 Narrow
Increassing of plant high 13,63 7,15 Broad
Increassing of stem diameter (mm) 1081,07 56,37 Broad
 CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

1. The results indicated that the evaluated Jatropha accessions have significant
deference of the quantitative characters but there is no deference of the
qualitative characters.
2. The accessions that were evaluated were a potential breeding material according
to the broad genetic variability of important traits such as diseases tolerant and
plant growth trait.
3. The accessions from Aceh Besar and Gorontalo have superior traits such as
dieses tolerant and plant growth trait comparing to the other accessions.