A.

PAST FORMS
1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi
pada waktu lampau.
Time Signal :
yesterday = kemarin
yesterday morning = kemarin pagi
last night = semalam, tadi malam
last week = minggu yang lalu
an hour ago = sejam yang lalu
a few minutes ago = beberapa menit yang lalu
in 1997 = pada tahun 1997
the day before yesterday = kemarin dulu
the other day = beberapa hari yang lalu
When I was a boy = ketika saya seorang anak lelaki
Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+
S+Tobe (was,were)+O+Adv
S+Tobe+Not+O+Adv
?
Tobe+S+O+Adv

Example
I was in Production House last month
She was not a script writer.
Were you a script writer three years ago?

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+
S+V2+O+Adv
S+Did+Not+V1+O+Adv
?
Did+S+V1+O+Adv

Example
I went to Invinite Studio last year.
I did not go to Invinite Studio last year.
Did you go to Invinite Studio Last year?

2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau ketika kejadian lain terjadi.
Time Signal :
When the telephone rang = ketika telepon berdering
when = ketika
as .. = ketika
while = selagi, ketika
all day yesterday = sepanjang hari kemarin
the whole day yesterday = sepanjang hari kemarin

Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
Example
+
S+Tobe (was,were)+Being+O+Adv He was being a design character in Pixar.
S+Tobe+Not+O+Adv
He wasnt being a design character in
Pixar.
?
Tobe (was,were)+S+O+Adv
Was he being a design character in Pixar?
Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+ S+Tobe (was,were)+V-ing+O+Adv
- S+Tobe+Not+V-ing+O+Adv
? Tobe (was,were)+S+V-ing+O+Adv

Example
I was drawing character at PoliMedia.
I was not drawing character at PoliMedia.
Were you modelling 3d character in my
house ?

3. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menerangkan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah
selesai dilakukan pada waktu lampau.
Time Signal :
Since = Sejak
past perfect before (sebelum) past tense
past tense after (setelah) past perfect
past tense as soon as (secepatnya) past perfect
past tense until (hingga) past perfect
Contoh: He had done his work before I came home

Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+ S+Had+Been+O+Adv
?

Example
They had been at Kompas GramediaStudio since
morning
S+Had+Not+Been+O+Adv They had not been at Kompas Gramedia Studio
since morning.
Had+S+Been+O+Adv
Had you been at Kompas GramediaStudio since
morning ?

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+ S+Had+V3+O+Adv
S+Had+Not+V3+O+ADv
?
Had+S+V3+O+Adv

Example
I had left before the art director come.
I hadnt left before the art director come.
Had you left before the art director come?

4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa
yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung terus hingga pada waktu yang
lampau pula.
Time Signal :
when = ketika
Since = Sejak
Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+
S+Had+Been+Being+O+Adv

Example
I had been being a modeling character since
2010
S+Had+Not+Been+Being+O+Adv I had not been being a modeling character
since 2010.
Had+S+Been+Being+O+Adv
Had you been being a Scriptwritersince
2008?

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+ S+Had+Been+V-ing+O+Adv

S+Had+Not+Been+Ving+O+Adv
Had+S+Been+V-ing+O+Adv

Example
Also an award winning independent film
maker, his short animated film subjects had
been seen in festival and retrospectives
around the world
We had not been studying digital painting
for 6 months
Had we been studying digital painting for 6
months?

B. PRESENT FORMS
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Simple present tense adalah suatu bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan suatu bentuk perbuatan
atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada saat sekarang atau kejadian yang merupakan kebiasaan
sehari-hari.
Time Signal:
always = selalu
as a rule = biasanya, lazimnya
generally = biasanya, umumnya
normally = biasanya
usually = biasanya
often = seringkali
never = tidak pernah
regularly = secara tetap
sometimes = kadang-kadang
seldom = jarang
nowadays = pada waktu sekarang
steadily = selalu, terus-menerus
frequently = seringkali
when (kata sambung) = kalau
here = di sini
there = di sana
every day = tiap hari
every other day = dua hari sekali, berselang sehari
every sunday = tia hari minggu
every week = tiap minggu, tiap pekan
now and then = kadang-kadang
occasionally = kadang-kadang
on and off = kadang-kadang
once in a while = sekali-sekali, kadang-kadang
once a week = sekali seminggu
Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
Example
+ S+tobe (am, is, are)+O+Adv
You are a Storyboard Artist.
- S+tobe (am, is, are)+not+O+Adv You are not a Storyboard Artist.
? Tobe+S+O/C
Do you a Storyboard Artist?
Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+
S+V1+O+Adv
S+Do/Does+Not+V1+Adv
?

Do/Does+S+V1+O+Adv

Example
You make an animation at Alpha Studio.
You do not make an animation atAlpha
Studio
Do you make an animation at AlphaStudio?

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
sedang berlangsung dan belum selesai di waktu sekarang.
Time Signal:
now = sekarang
right now = sekarang ini, sekarang juga (digunakan dalam percakapan)
at present = pada waktu ini, sekarang ini
at this moment = pada saat ini
today = hari ini
this morning = pagi ini
this weekend = akhir pekan ini
tonight = malam ini, nanti malam
tomorrow = besok
next week = minggu depan
soon = segera
in a few weeks = dalam beberapa minggu
Bentuk Nominal:
Form Pattern
Example
+ S+tobe (am,is,are)+Being+O+Adv
You are being a Producer.
- S+tobe(am,is,are)+not+Being+O+Adv You are not being a Producer.
? Tobe (am,is,are)+S+Being+O+Adv
Are you being a Producer ?
Bentuk Verbal:
Form Pattern
+ S+Tobe (Is,am,are)+V-ing+O+Adv
- S+Tobe (Is,am,are)+Not+Ving+O+Adv
? Tobe (is,am,are)+S+V-ing+O+Adv

Example
She is creating animation in Studio.
She is not creating animation in Studio.
Is she creating animation in Studio ?

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang telah
selesai di waktu sekarang.
Time Signal:
once = satu kali
twice = dua kali
three times = tiga kali
many times = banyak kali
several times = beberapa kali
this week = minggu ini
already = sudah
just = baru saja
not yet = belum
as yet = sampai sekarang
so far = hingga sekarang
up to the present time = hingga sekarang
lately = akhir-akhir ini
recently = baru-baru ini
finally = akhirnya
at last = akhirnya
since yesterday = sejak kemarin
since 1997 = sejak 1997
for an hour = selama sejam
for two years = selama dua tahun
never = tidak pernah
ever = pernah (dipakai dalam kalimat tanya dan menyangkal)
Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+ S+Have/Has+Been+O+Adv
-

S+Have/Has+Not+Been+O+Adv

Have/Has+S+Been+O+Adv

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+ S+Have/Has+V3+O+Adv
-

S+Have/Has+Not+V3+O+Adv

Have/Has+S+V3+O+Adv

Example
She has been in the Universalstudio
since yesterday
She has not been in theUniversal studio
since yesterday
Has she been in the Universalstudio
since yesterday ?

Example
I have made an animation 2D for along
time
I have not made an animation2D for
along time
Have you made an animation 2Dfor
along time ?

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau
peristiwa yang dimulai dari waktu lampau dan masih terus berlangsung hingga waktu
sekarang.
Time Signal :
for . = selama .
since . = sejak .
long = lamanya
how long = berapa lama
the whole day = sepanjang hari
all (the) morning = sepanjang pagi
since eight oclock = sejak pukul delapan
for over three years = selama lebih dari tiga tahun

Bentuk Nominal :
Form Pattern
+ S+Have/Has+Been+Being+O+Adv
?

Example
I have been being an animator since I
was 18 years old
S+Have/Has+Not+Been+Being+O+Adv I havent been being an animator
since I was 18 years old
Have/Has+S+Been+Being+O+Adv
Have I been an animator since I was
18 years old ?

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+
S+Have/Has+Been+V-ing+O+Adv.
?

S+Have/Has+Not+Been+Ving+O+Adv
Have/Has+S+Been+V-ing+O+Adv

Example
J. Stuart Blackton has been making
stop motion animation since 1900.
J. Stuart Blackton has not been making
stop motion animation since 1900.
Has he been making stop motion
animation since 1900?

C.

FUTURE FORMS

1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
terjadi pada waktu yang datang.
Time Signal:
now = sekarang
right now = sekarang ini, sekarang juga (digunakan dalam percakapan)
at present = pada waktu ini, sekarang ini
at this moment = pada saat ini
today = hari ini
this morning = pagi ini
this weekend = akhir pekan ini
tonight = malam ini, nanti malam
tomorrow = besok
next week = minggu depan
soon = segera
in a few weeks = dalam beberapa minggu
temporal conjunction (kata sambung yang bersifat sementara)
if = jika
when = ketika
while = ketika
before = sebelum
after = sesudah
as soon as = segera sesudah
till = hingga, sampai
until = hingga, sampai
Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+ S+Will/Shall+Be+O+Adv
-` S+Will/Shall+Not+Be+O+Adv
?
Will/Shall+S+Be+O+Adv
Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+ S+Will/Shall+V1+O+Adv
?

Example
Michael will be an animatortommorow
Michael will not be an animator tommorow
Will Michael be an animator tommorow?

Example
Yessi will come to Universal Studio next
year.
S+Will/Shall+Not+V1+O+Adv Yessi will not come to Universal Studio next
year
Will/Shall+S+V1+O+Adv
Will Yessi come to Universal Studio next
year?

2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
akan sedang berlangsung di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Time Signal:
at this time tomorrow = pada waktu ini besok
at the same time tomorrow = pada waktu yang sama besok
at this time next year = tahun depan pada waktu ini

Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+ S+Will/Shall+Be+Being+O+Adv
?

Example
I will be being a professionalstoryboard
artist
S+Will/Shall+Not+Be+Being+O+Adv I will not be being
aprofessional storyboard artist
Will/Shall+S+Be+Being+O+Adv
Will you be being
aprofessional storyboard artist?

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+
S+Will/Shall+Be+V-ing+O+Adv
?

S+Will/Shall+Not+Be+Ving+O+Adv
Will/Shall+S+Be+V-ing+O+Adv

Example
Reinhard will be modeling a
character last week
Reinhard will not be modeling a
character last week
Will Reinhard be modeling a
character last week?

3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah
dimulai pada waktu lampau dan segera selesai pada waktu yang akan datang.
Time Signal :
by the end of this week = menjelang akhir minggu ini
by next week = menjelang minggu depan

Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+
S+Will/Shall+Have+Been+O+Adv
?

Example
I will have been at Production House by
the end of the week
S+Will/Shall+Not+Have+Been+O+Adv I will not have been atProduction
House by the end of the week
Will/Shall+S+Have+Been+O+Adv
Will you have been Production
House by the end of the week?

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+ S+Will?Shall+Have+V3+O+Adv
?

Example
We shall have arrived in Studio
animation at 10.00 oclock.
S+Will/Shall+Not+Have+V3+O+Adv We shall not have arrived inStudio
animation at 10.00 oclock.
Will/Shall+S+Have+V3+O+Adv
Shall We have arrived in Studio
animation at 10.00 oclock?

4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa
yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau tetapi masih ada kemungkinan dilanjutkan pada
waktu yang akan datang.
Time Signal :
by the end of . = menjelang akhir ..
by the end of this year = menjelang akhir tahun ini

Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+ S+Will/Shall+Have+Been+O+Adv
?

Example
I will have been a famousstoryboard
artist within twentyyears ahead.
S+Will/Shall+Not+Have+Been+O+Adv I will not have been a famousstoryboard
artist within twentyyears ahead.
Will/Shall+S+Have+Been+O+Adv
will I have been a famousstoryboard
artist within twentyyears ahead?

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+ S+Will/Shall+Have+Been+Ving+O-Adv
-

Example
We will have been creating a stop
motion animation for two years by next
years.
S+Will/Shall+Not+Have+Been+V- We will not have been creatinga stop
ing+O+Adv
motion animation for two years by next
years.
Will/Shall+S+Have+Been+V-ing- Will We have been creating a stop
O+Adv
motion animation for two years by next
years?

D.

PAST FUTURE FORMS

1. SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE

Past Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan
terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Time Signal :
Previous day = Hari Sebelumnya
past future if .. simple past, etc.
Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
Example
+ S+Would/Should+Be+O+Adv
we should be there last month
S+Would/Should+Not+Be+O+Adv we shouldnt be there last month
?
Would/Should+S+Be+O+Adv
Sould we be there last month?
Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+
S+Would/Should+V1+O+Adv
?

Example
you should creat animatio if you are still
tired
S+Would/Should+Not+V1+O+Adv You should not creat animation if you are
still tired
Would/Should+S+V1+O+Adv
should you creat animation if you are still
tired ?

2. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau
peristiwa yang akan sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau.
Time Signal :
in January last year = pada bulan Januari tahun lalu
at nine oclock yesterday = pada pukul sembilan kemarin
By last night = Menjelang kemarin malam
Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+ S+Would/Should+Be+Being+O+Adv
?

Example
I should be being a art director if i
did work at Pixar studio.
S+Would/Should+Not+Be+Being+O+Adv I should not be being a art director if
i did work at Pixar studio.
Would/Should+S+Be+Being+O+Adv
should you be being a art director if
i did work at Pixar studio.

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+ S+Would/Should+Be+V-ing+O+Adv

S+Would/Should+Not+Be+Ving+O+Adv

Would/Should+S+Be+V-ing+O+Adv

Example
They would have been waitingthe
rendering for two hours by
last night.
They would have been waitingthe
rendering for two hours by
last night.
would They have been waitingthe
rendering for two hours by
last night?

3. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Past Future Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
akan sudah selesai pada waktu lampau atau menyatakan pengandaian yang tidak mungkin
terjadi karena syaratnya sudah pasti tidak akan terpenuhi.
Time Signal :
past future perfect . if.. past perfect
Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+ S+Would/Should+Have+Been+O+Adv
?

Example
I should have been at Studio if they
had invited me.
S+Would/Should+Not+Have+Been+O+Adv I should not have been at Studio if
they had not invited me.
Would/Should+S+Have+Been+O+Adv
should you have been at Studio
there if they had invited me ?

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
+ S+Would/Should+Have+V3+O+Adv
?

Example
She would have come here if she had
called him
S+Would/Should+Not+Have+V3+O+Adv She wouldnt have come here if she
had not calledhim
Would/Should+S+Have+V3+O+Adv
would she have come here if she had
called him ?

4. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau
peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung.
Time Signal :
Yesterday morning = Besok Pagi
by the end of this month + past signal = menjelang akhir bulan ini + tanda waktu lampau
Bentuk Nominal
Form Pattern
+ S+Would/Should+Have+Been+Being+O+Adv
?

Example
I should have been being an art
director by studying animation.
S+Would/Should+Have+Not+Been+Being+O+Adv I shouldnt have been being art
director by studying animation.
Would/Should+S+Have+Been+Being+O+Adv
Should you have been being art
director by studying animation?

Bentuk Verbal
Form Pattern
Example
+ S+Would/Should+Have+Been+VMy boyfriend would have been giving
ing+O+Adv
flower at this hour yesterday morning
S+Would/Should+Not+Have+Been+V- My boyfriend would not have
ing+O+Adv
been giving flower at this hour
yesterday morning
?
Would/Should+S+Have+Been+Vwould My boyfriend have been giving
ing+O+Adv
flower at this hour yesterday morning?