Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I.
PURPOSES
1. To determine the beam stiffness for the fixed-end supports and fixed-end
and hinged support (uniform beam).
2. To determine carry over moment
II.
BASIC THEORY
1. Beam stiffness factor for fixed-end supports can be determined with the
following formula:
M 4 .E. I
=
And beam stiffness factor for fixed-end and hinged support can be
determined with the following formula:
M 3.E. I
=
L
2. The value of carry over moment factor is:
M 4 .E. I
=
III.
TOOLS
1. Single-span beam with pedestal-free rotation or can be the fixed-end
support in the horizontal position.
2. The tools as the arm for measuring the moment.
3. The direction that can be adjusted with the angle rotation scale with the
division of 0.1 radian.
Note:
The span of steel beam : 60 cm
The span of the beam : 10.5cm
The value of E : 2.105 kN/m
IV.
THE PROCEDURES
A. The Beam Stiffness
1. Placing the load hanger on the arm of moment support on left side
and inserting the locker on the right side support to avoid the
rotation of (fixed-end and hinged support). Adjusting the rotation
reading to zero on the left side support.
2. Placing a 4 N load on the hanger and writing notes for the angle
rotation reading and then lifting the load and adjusting the rotation
reading again.
B. Carry Over
1. Placing the load hanger on both the arms of support and adjusting
the rotation reading on the right side and unlocking the two locker
pins.
2. Placing 4 N load on the left side hanger. Adding the load (more less
half of the load on the left side) on the right side hanger until the
rotation reading back to zero. The coefficient of carry over is the
comparison of the amount of load on the right side with the load on
the left side.
3. Lifting the load and adjusting the rotation reading to zero on the
right support.
4. Performing 2, 3 step for 6, 8 and 12 N load.
V.
: 25 mm
Beam Span
: 600 mm
: 2.105 (N/mm2)
Moment side
: 105 mm
: 16.67 mm4
There are several formulas to determine the indicatora to find the beam
stiffness, those are shown as:
For both fixed-end supports and hinged and fixed-end support
Moment =M = P . l (N.mm)
K
experimental
theoretical
3. E . I
L
theoretical
4. E.I
L
| KtheoryKexp|
Relative mistake=
Ktheory
X 100
R (load)
L(load)
Relative mistake=
Ktheory
X 100
P
(N)
L
(mm)
x
(mm)
M
(N.mm
)
(radia
n)
Kexp
(M/)
Ktheo
(3EI/L)
600
105
210
0.01
21000
16670
600
105
420
0.025
16800
16670
600
105
630
0.035
18000
16670
Relative
Mistake
(%)
K
433
0
130
133
0
25.97
0.78
7.98
P
(N)
L
(mm)
x
(mm)
M
(N.mm)
(radian)
Kexp
(M/)
Ktheo
(4EI/L)
600
105
210
0.02
10500
22226.67
600
105
420
0.04
10500
22226.67
600
105
630
0.06
10500
22226.67
K
11726.6
7
11726.6
7
11726.6
7
Load (N)
Left
Right
1.5
2
3
2
4
6
Carry
Over
(R/L)
1.33
2.00
2.00
Carry
Over
(Theo)
2.0
2.0
2.0
Carry
Over
0.67
0
0
Relative
Mistake
(%)
33.33
0.00
0.00
Relative
Mistake
(%)
52.76
52.76
52.76
VI.
ANALYSIS
1. Data Analysis
The title of this experiment is moment distribution coefficient.
This experiment is intended to determine the beam stiffness for the
fixed-end supports and fixed-end and hinged support (uniform beam)
and the carry over moment. Before we do the experiment we have to
prepare the single-span beam from steel (including its supporting tools),
and caliper to measure the dimension of the beam. In the basic theory of
this module D.1 we will measure the stiffness of the both fixed-end
supports and hinged and fixed-end support but on the day of the
experiment we did the experiment on both hinged supports and fixedend and hinged support. First we did the experiment for fixed-end and
hinged support we tried on three different value of the load, we used 2,
4 and 6 N load. With the length of the beam arm 105 mm from each
load we put on the load hanger (left side) we had to record the reading
based on angle rotation reading (). After 2, 4 and 6 N load were
performed, we unloaded the load and moved to the second procedure to
complete this experiment for both hinged supports. The load we used
for the second procedure were also 2, 4, and 6 N load. After that we
recorded all the angle rotation reading () for each load. The last
procedure is to determine the carry over moment for this procedure, we
placed the load hangers in both the arms of the beam. One of the locker
pins was unlocked. We placed the load on both the load hangers as
many as the angle rotation reading will be back to zero. We did it for
about three times and each load hanger on both sides has different
amount of load. The amount of load must be recorded to determine the
carry over moment.
2. Result Analysis
To determine the beam stiffness for the both hinged supports and
fixed-end and hinged support (uniform beam) we will get some data
such as the loads and the angle rotation reading from doing the
experiment. From the load we will get the moment that will be used to
prove the beam stiffness based on the theory
For fixed-end and hinged support:
M 3.E. I
=
L
For both hinged supports:
M 4 .E. I
=
the division between the load on the right and the load on the left side.
The value from the experimental range from 1.33 to 2 N while the
moment of carry over (theorical) is 2 N. The relative mistake for the
first load is 33.33 % and 0 % for the second and third load
3. Error Analysis
During the moment distribution coefficient we might have done
something that can affect the result of this experiment, these are below
some mistakes that might occur during experiment:
VII.
CONCLUSION
Kexp
(M/)
Ktheo
(3EI/L)
1
2
3
21000
16800
18000
16670
16670
16670
4330
130
1330
Relative
Mistake
(%)
25.97
0.78
7.98
Kexp
(M/)
Ktheo
(4EI/L)
Relativ
e
Mistake
(%)
1050
0
22226.
67
11726.
67
52.76
2
3
1050
0
1050
0
22226.
67
22226.
67
11726.
67
11726.
67
52.76
52.76
No.
Carry
Over
(R/L)
1
2
3
1.33
2.00
2.00
Carry
Over
(Theor
y)
2.0
2.0
2.0
Carry
Over
Relative
Mistake
(%)
0.67
0
0
33.50
0.00
0.00
over moment
VIII. REFERENCES