7

7-1

(mechanics of material)
(stiffeness)
(deformation)(deflection)
(tension)(compresion)(shear)
(torsion)(bending)

1.

A
7-1 A (normal stess)
(shear stress)

= limA

Fn
A

= limA

Ft
A

A Fn Ft A(A)
(A)A

7-1 P
P (tensile stress)
t P (compressive stess)c

43

 7-1 (a) P (b)

7-1 P=A ,:

=
:

7-1

A
N

lb

,kgf/cm2 , pa = m2 , psi = in2 ,

P: , kgf,N,lb,
A: ,cm2 , m2 , in2 ,

2.
, 7-2
(strain) P
(tensile strain)t P
(compressive strain)c :

L L
L

7-2

: , cm/cm,m/m,in/in,
: , cm,m,in,
L: , cm,m,in,

44

 7-2 (a) (b)

(c) (d)

7-2

(elasticity)(perfectly
elastic)(partially elastic)
(Robert Hooke, 1635~1703)

(Hook's law)

7-3 P

45

7-3
=
(Thomas Young, 1773~1829)

(modulus of elasticity)(Young's modulus)

E
:

= E

7-3

AE

7-1 7-3 = L = L( )=L(

):

PL
AE

7-4

7-4 AE

7-4

46

7-4

1. -
-( curve)
-

(ductile material)

(brittle material)

- 7-5
- 7-6

7-5 -()

7-6

47

 7-5 -:
1. OA :(liner region)
2. A :(proportional limit)

(elastic limit)

3. B :(yielding point)
4. BC :(perfect plasticity)(yielding)
A

5. CD :(strain hardening)

6. D :(ultimate stress)
7. DE :(necking)

8. E :
9. -

7-6 A B C
B 0.2%(offset method)

0.2%

48

 7-7

49

2.
-
(unloaded)
- O A
O(elasticity)
(elastic)
- B
B BC
BC - C
(residual strain)(permanent strain)
OC
(permanent set) O B OD
OC
(partially elastic) E (elastic limit)

7-8 - (a) (b)

50

3.
(factor of safety)
,

(working stress)(allowable stress)

:

n=

y
w

7-5

7-5 n y w
u 7-6

n=

u
w

7-6

(:)(:
) 1

51

7-5
1.

7-9

(longitudinal strain)
7-1 l

l =

7-7

(transverse strain)
t

t =

b
D

7-8

7-9 -

52

2.
7-10
l t (S.D.Poisson)
1828
(Poission's ratio)
-,

t
l

b
D

bL
D

7-9

1 1

4~3
0.3 0.34 0 0.5 0.5
0 0.5(Poission's number) m
1

m = 2

7-10

53

7-6

(method of
superposition)

7-11

1.
7-11 x y

x y :

x =
y =

x
E
y
E

z =

x
E

7-10

E
x

7-11

y
E

7-12

x = y =

x = y = (1 )
E

7-13

54

2.
7-11 x y z

x y z :

x =
y =
z =

x
E
y
E
z
E

y +z

7-14

7-15

7-16

E
x +z

x +y

x = y = z =

x = y = z = (1 2)
E

7-17

7-7
1.
V
V V
V V v :

v =

V
V

V V
V

x y z
x y z V=1 V = (1 +
x )(1 + y )(1 + z ),:

55

V V (1 + x )(1 + y )(1 + z ) 1
v =
=
V
1
= (1 + x + y + z + x y + x z + y z + x y z ) 1
= x + y + z + x y + x z + y z + x y z
x y + x z + y z + x y z 0
:

v = x + y + z

9-18

v = [

y + z
y
x + y
x
x + z
z
(
)] + [ (
)] + [ (
)]
E
E
E
E
E
E

v =

12
E

(x + y + z )

9-19

2.
,

(Bulk modulus modulus of volume expansion)EV

K :

EV =

=
=
(
)
(
1 2
1 2)
v
(
+

)
(3)
x
y
z
E
E

EV =

E
3(12)

9-20

0.5
0.5 0 0.5

56

7-8
Fx = 0
Fy = 0 Mz = 0

(statically indeterminate problem)

57

 7
7-1

= A
L
=

L L
L

=L

7-2
:
7-3

= E
7-4
y

:n =

n = u ( n 1)n y

x , u

7-5
:
=

t
l

b
D

bL

= D
1

4 ~ 3 0.5
1

m m = 2
:

x = y = x = y = E (1 )

x = y = z = ,x = y = z = E (1 2)

58

7-7
:V V
v : v =

V
V

V V
V

: v = x + y + z
: v =

12
E

(x + y + z )

EV K :

EV = = 3(12)
v

7-8
: Fx = 0
Fy = 0 Mz = 0

:
1. I,
2. Engineering Mechanics Statics, R.C. Hibbeler
3. Machanics of Materials(), ,

59