English Future vs Hungarian Future

The English language has 12 tenses in 3 times, each used to express different meaning or
different aspects are important when they are used.
In future time, therere simple, continuous, perfect simple and perfect continuous tenses as
well as a number of modal verbs that can express future time.
Be going to is often used to convey an ambition, future intention or prediction based on
present facts.
The Simple Future is used to express a Voluntary Action, a Promise, or a not-too-well-based
Prediction. "Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary
action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to
someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that
someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. "Will" is usually used in promises. Both
"will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future.
Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the
subject usually has little control over the future.
Future Continuous: Use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future
will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future, you can also use a specific time as an
interruption. When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it
expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions are
parallel. In English, we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere at a
specific point in the future.
The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the
future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future. Also,
we use the Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the
future.
We use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue up until a
particular event or time in the future. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Friday"
are all durations which can be used with the Future Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is
related to the Present Perfect Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous; however, with
Future Perfect Continuous, the duration stops at or before a reference point in the future.
Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in the future is a good way to show
cause and effect.
Hungarian mainly uses two verb tenses: the present and the past tense. Although, an auxiliary
verb can also be used to express actions in the future. Hungarian does not differentiate
between simple and continuous tenses. There is only one present tense in Hungarian, which is
used in the present and the future as well. We can always use the present tense to talk about
events that will take place in the future. The context and/or the adverb of time in the sentence
indicate the time of the action. Hungarian has one past tense only. The ending for this tense is
a -t or tt.
When comparing the future forms of these two languages, we can see great differences
between them. The English language uses the auxiliary verb will to convey a future action,

but the 4 different tenses all signify different meanings that clearly differ from one another. In
the case of predictions, for instance, the will and the be going to future actions tell whether the
prediction is based on facts or not. Another example here is when the speaker refuses an
invitation it matters which of the aforementioned forms they use, as will means an ad hoc
excuse, while be going to signals something already arranged.
In Hungarian as opposed to English, the speaker cannot express antecedence, or only by using
the past tense for a future action ending before another. Further difference is that Hungarians
can easily use the present tense to express any kind of future action, provided that they have
an adverb of time in the sentence, while in English the present continuous tense does have a
future sense, but only with a narrow/specific meaning.

English Past vs Italian Past

The English language has 12 tenses in the 3 times, each used to express different meaning or
different aspects are important when they are used.
In the past time, theres simple, continuous, perfect simple and perfect continuous.
Past simple is used to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in
the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have
one specific time in mind. We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the
past. These actions happen one after the other. The Simple Past can be used with a duration
which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions
such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc. The Simple Past can also be used
to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To
make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always,
often, usually, never etc. The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or
generalizations which are no longer true
In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular
time in the past. When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it
expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
We use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The
interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past tense. This can be a real interruption
or just an interruption in time. The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or
"constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the
past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion.
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.
It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Also, we use the
Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in
the past.
We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued
up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations
which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present
Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before
something else in the past. Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past
is a good way to show cause and effect.
In Italian, there are 5 indicative tenses that express actions in the past, some of which are
similar to English ones, but others are different. Namely, these tenses are: passato prossimo,
imperfetto, trapassato prossimo, passato remoto and trapassato remoto.
The most common way of expressing the past tense in Italian is with the "passato prossimo"
(present perfect), composed of an auxiliary verb (avere or essere) and the past participle. It is
the verb tense most commonly used when referring to the past in spoken Italian. The passato
prossimo is the main tense used in Italian to convey an action which has been completed in
the past, and it is translated into English by both the present perfect and the simple past.
The "imperfetto" is typically used to express:

- Continuous or habitual actions in the past: "Quando ero in Italia andavo al ristorante tutti i
venerd" (When I was in Italy I went to the restaurant every Friday). If the action is not
habitual in the past, we would use the past perfect: "Quando sono stato in Italia l'anno scorso,
sono andato al ristorante tre volte" (When I have gone to Italy last year, I have been to the
restaurant three times)
- Descriptions in the past: "Negli anni '50 Venezia aveva una popolazione di 150.000 abitanti"
(In the '50s Venice had a population of 150,000 inhabitants).
Physical, mental or emotional state in the past: "Da bambino avevo paura del buio" (When I
was a child I was afraid of the dark).
The "passato remoto" is used to express events or actions in a distant past, for which there is a
perceived "remoteness" and no perceived connection with the present. It is rarely used in
spoken Italian, while it is very common in written form, especially in newspapers, novels and
essays. In some Italian regions, such as Tuscany and most of southern Italy, it is used also in
normal conversation, substituting the past perfect.
The two trapassato tenses have the same function, describing events happening before another
one in the past. Trapassato remoto expresses an action happened before another expressed in
passato remoto, while trapassato prossimo is the same for passato prossimo and imperfetto.
Comparing Imperfetto with the Past Simple and Continuous, we can see, that in a few aspects
it is basically the same. When a continuous action is interrupted by another in English we use
past continuous and simple, while in Italian imperfetto and passato prossimo(/remote). When
we want to convey the message that 2 actions happened at the same time two past continuous
or two imperfetto phrases are said. Both Imperfetto and past continuous are used to describe
the atmosphere or people when telling a story. Imperfetto expresses actions that were in
progress at a specific time, just as past continuous does in English, when it doesnt matter
when the action started and/or ended, just the fact that it was in progress then.
Yet Imperfetto is also used to express habits in the past, and for the same function English
speakers use the Past Simple. Almost the same is true for used to type sentences is English,
which are also Imperfetto in Italian.

English Comparatives vs Italian comparatives

Comparative is the name for the grammar used when comparing two things. The two basic
ways to compare in English are using as .. as or than.
When comparing with as .. as, the adjective does not change. When comparing with than,
however, some changes are necessary, depending on the number of syllables the adjective has:
1-syllable adjectives: add -er to the adjective, 2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y
to ier, Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use more with the unchanged adjective.
In the superlative you talk about one thing only and how it is the best, worst, etc. You do not
compare two things. The following guidelines apply to the superlative: 1-syllable adjectives:
add -est to the adjective (plus the), 2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -iest
(plus the), Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use the most with the unchanged adjective.
(In English, the comparative and the superlative can be created both by adding the modifiers
more, less, most, least or by adding the suffixes -er, -est.)
In Italian, since suffixes of the kind are not added to regular adverbs and adjectives, the only
way to create comparatives and superlatives is to add modifiers like pi or meno (equivalent
to more,less...).
Along with articles, adjectives must have the same gender and number of the referred noun.
To state that two things are of the same measure in Italian we use the structre tantocome.
Asas is generally the same structure is this.
The word than can be translated with both di and che. There are some rules that determine
which is to be used.
Che is to be used when comparing two

adjectives referred to a person or thing

infinitives

participles

nouns referred to a person or thing

nouns or pronouns preceded by a preposition

Di is to be used when Che is not compulsory, such as

when followed by a number

when comparing two objects A&B using the structure:

[A] + verb + pi/meno + adj/adv(or noun) + DI + [B]

when using the words "pi/meno di quanto + verb" or "pi/meno di quel che + verb"

when comparing two improper nouns (the 'di' then articulates)

In Italian, as in most romance languages, the elative and superlative forms are joined in the
Superlativo, which can be of two kinds: Superlativo relativo (comparative) or Superlativo
assoluto (absolute).
Relativo
It represents a general quality that, even if expressed at its highest level, is still compared with
that of other objects (more than 2). It is formed simply by using pi or meno between the
determinative article and the adjective.
Assoluto
It represents a general quality at its maximum level (like the elative). Normally, it is formed
by adding the suffix -issimo to the adjective's ending. The end of the suffix indicates the
gender and number of the noun it refers to, therefore:

-issimo masculine, singular

-issima feminine, singular

-issimi masculine, plural

-issime feminine, plural

Another way to form the absolute superlative is to put words such as molto, tanto... (very,
much...) before the adjective.
Both languages have a number of irregular forms.
Positive

Comparativo di
maggioranza

Absolute superlative

Buono good

Migliore better

Ottimo best

Cattivo bad

Peggiore worse

Pessimo worst

Grande big

Maggiore bigger

Massimo biggest

Piccolo small

Minore smaller

Minimo smallest

Alto tall

Superiore taller

Sommo tallest

Basso low

Inferiore lower

Infimo lowest

Bene (adv) well

Meglio (adv) better

Benissimo (adv) very well

Male (adv) badly Peggio (adv) worse

Malissimo (adv) very badly

The main difference between the two

languages is that Italian has more ways to
compare and theres the difference of di/che
depending on what are compared.

Adjective Comparative

Superlative

good

better

best

bad

worse

worst

little

less

least

much

more

most

far

further / farther

furthest / farthest