JABATAN PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar Tuaran)
Volume 1 : Main Volume - Part A (Main Report)

PY Konsep Perunding Sdn. Bhd.

(150165-U)
Lot 15 & 16, 1st Floor, Block C,
Iramanis Centre, Jalan Lintas,
88450 Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah,
Malaysia

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar Tuaran)
Volume 1 : Main Volume - Part A (Main Report)

S1030-Vol-1A-2-4

Contents
1

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1
General ......................................................................................................................................................1-1
1.2
ISMP Study Objectives and Scope .................................................................................................1-1
1.3
Study Sectors ..........................................................................................................................................1-2
1.3.1
Physical Environment ............................................................................................1-2
1.3.2
Biological Environment .........................................................................................1-3
1.3.3
Land Use, Tourism and Recreation ..................................................................1-3
1.3.4
Socio Economics .......................................................................................................1-4
1.3.5
Legal, Institutional and Policy Framework ...................................................1-4
1.3.6
Shoreline Protection and Restoration Options ...........................................1-4
1.4
Related Studies ......................................................................................................................................1-5
1.5
Report Structure ...................................................................................................................................1-5
1.6
Study Area and Management Units ..............................................................................................1-6
1.6.1
Coastal Sediment Cells ...........................................................................................1-6
1.6.1.1
Primary Cells ..................................................................................1-6
1.6.1.2
Secondary Cells (Subcells)........................................................1-8
1.6.2
Management Units ...................................................................................................1-9

State and ISMP Development Objectives ............................................................................................. 2-1

2.1
Vision .........................................................................................................................................................2-1
2.2
Development Goals..............................................................................................................................2-1
2.3
Development Objectives ...................................................................................................................2-1
2.4
ISMP Development Objectives .......................................................................................................2-2

Findings and Issues...................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1
Physical Environment ........................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1
Coastal Morphology ................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1.1
Erosion ..............................................................................................3-1
3.1.1.2
Sedimentation ................................................................................3-2
3.1.2
Coastal Protection and Reclamations ..............................................................3-2
3.1.2.1
Coastal Protection ........................................................................3-2
3.1.2.2
Reclamation ....................................................................................3-3
3.1.3
Coastal Flooding........................................................................................................3-3
3.1.4
Dredging .......................................................................................................................3-4
3.1.5
Sand Mining ................................................................................................................3-4
3.1.6
Water Quality .............................................................................................................3-4
3.2
Biological Environment .....................................................................................................................3-4
3.2.1
Coastal Habitats ........................................................................................................3-4
3.2.2
Coral Reefs ...................................................................................................................3-5
3.2.3
Seagrass ........................................................................................................................3-5
3.2.4
Marine Fauna .............................................................................................................3-6
3.2.5
Fishery and Aquaculture .......................................................................................3-6
3.3
Land use, Tourism and Recreation ...............................................................................................3-6
3.4
Socio-economics ...................................................................................................................................3-7
3.4.1
Economic Background ...........................................................................................3-7
3.4.2
Demography ...............................................................................................................3-7
3.4.3
Issues faced by Coastal Communities..............................................................3-8

Defining Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................. 4-1

4.1
Feature Identification.........................................................................................................................4-1
4.2
Management Objectives ....................................................................................................................4-1
4.3
Ranking of Features and Associated Objectives .....................................................................4-2
4.3.1
Why is this feature important? ...........................................................................4-2
4.3.2
Who benefits? .............................................................................................................4-3
4.3.3
Is the feature unique? .............................................................................................4-3
4.4
Develop Management Strategies ...................................................................................................4-3

ii

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5
5.1
5.2
6

Stakeholders Comments and Inputs ..................................................................................................... 5-1

KKPG Workshop 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
KKPG Workshop 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 5-2
References ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-1

Figures
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.4
Figure 1.5
Figure 1.6

Study area. .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-7

Defined cell and subcell boundaries. ............................................................................................................................................... 1-8
Management units defined for Kimanis Special Cell. ............................................................................................................. 1-11
Management units defined for Papar Cell. .................................................................................................................................. 1-12
Management units defined for Kota Kinabalu Cell. ................................................................................................................ 1-13
Management units defined for Tuaran Cell. ............................................................................................................................... 1-14

Tables
Table 4.1
Table 5.1
Table 5.2

Some common issues and objectives formulated in response to features found within the study area MUs.4-2
List of government departments and non-governmental organisations registered at KKPG Workshop 1. . 5-1
List of government departments and non-governmental organisations registered at KKPG Workshop 2. . 5-2

Appendices
A
B

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Changes to SMP 2005 Management Objectives and Strategies

ISMP Future Land Use

iii

Abbreviations
CD
DHI
DID
DOE
EPD
ESRI
GDP
GIS
HAT
HD
ISMP
IMS
JKR
KePKAS
Kg.
KK
KKIA
KKIP
KKPG
KKW
LAT
MSL
MPA
MO
MU
NE
NCES
P.
PY
Sg.
SMP
ST
STB
STP
SW
TARP
Tg.
ToR
TRPD
TSS
WL

iv

Chart Datum
DHI Water & Environment (M) Sdn Bhd
Department of Irrigation and Drainage
Department of Environment
Environment Protection Department
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc
Gross Domestic Product
Geographic Information System
Highest Astronomical Tide
Hydrodynamic
Integrated Shoreline Management Plan
Information Management System
Jabatan Kerja Raya
Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Environment Sabah
Kampung
Kota Kinabalu
Kota Kinabalu International Airport
Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park
Key Interest Group (Kumpulan Kerja Pengurusan Garispantai)
Kota Kinabalu Wetlands (formerly Kota Kinabalu City Bird Sanctuary)
Lowest Astronomical Tide
Mean Sea Level
Marine Protected Area
Management Objective
Management Unit
Northeast
National Coastal Erosion Study
Pulau
PY Konsep Perunding Sdn Bhd
Sungai
Shoreline Management Plan
Sediment Transport
Sabah Tourism Board
Sewage Treatment Plant
Southwest
Tunku Abdul Rahman Park
Tanjung
Terms of Reference
Town and Regional Planning Department
Total Suspended Sediment
Water level

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Definitions
Breaker or Surf Zone

Zone within which waves are breaking.

Buffer zone

A specially designated zone between high water line and coastal

inland area to counter (or slowing) shoreline erosion, or may refer to
vegetation buffer areas which can also act to filter sediment and other
pollution runoff into the sea.

Cell Definition and Delineation

It is practical to split the coastline into a number of parcels or cells,

which share common littoral characteristics and are easily
referenced. The cell division follows the following overall criteria:

Primary Cells

A primary sediment cell is defined as a section of coast bounded by

morphological features around which there is negligible sediment
bypass, even during extreme events, or bounded by major rivers
where the sediment supply from the river dominates the littoral drift.
Based upon this definition, it follows that coastal construction in one
primary cell will have no influence on the shoreline morphology of
adjacent cells. Pollution and fine sediments may however be
transported by marine currents from one cell to another.
The definition of primary cells is not always straight forward and
clear cut, in particular along Sabahs Coast which is dominated by
mangroves and where the littoral transport in many places occurs
over wide shallow areas rather than in well-defined surf zones, and
where the transport in some areas may be driven more by tidal and
wind driven currents than waves.

Secondary Cells (Sub-cells)

To further facilitate planning, the primary sediment cell is further

subdivided into sub-cells.
Secondary cells divide the primary cells into smaller sections, which
exhibit similar sediment transport characteristics and are bounded
by features around which sediment bypass is small during normal
conditions, although there may be considerable bypass during
extreme events. Based upon this definition, it follows that coastal
construction in one secondary cell will only have a small influence on
adjacent sub-cells.

Coastal Erosion Severity Classification The NCES categorised the eroding shoreline into three (3) main
groups:
Category 1 (Critical Erosion): Areas currently in a state of erosion and
where shore-based facilities or infrastructure, or other recreational
and socio-economic values, are in immediate danger of collapse or
damage.
Category 2 (Significant Erosion): Areas where the shoreline is
eroding at a rate whereby public property and agriculture land of
value will become threatened within 5 to 10 years unless remedial
action is taken.
Category 2 (Acceptable Erosion): For undeveloped eroding shoreline
but with no or minor consequent economic loss if left unchecked.
Coastal Morphology

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The shape and shaping of shoreline features.

Closure Depth

Water depth at the seaward boundary of the littoral zone.

Current Direction

Direction towards where the water is flowing.

Down-drift

Location relative to the net littoral drift.

Downstream

Location relative to the direction of current.

Feature

Something tangible that provides a benefit or service to the society in

one way or another

Intertidal

Region between high and low tide marks.

Littoral Transport

Transport of sediments along the coast by coast parallel currents

(driven by tide, waves and/or wind). Also called long-shore transport
or littoral drift

Littoral Zone

Zone where littoral sediment transport takes place.

Managed Retreat

In the context of coastal erosion, this means that loss of land due to
erosion will be permitted (as opposed to maintaining the current
shoreline alignment through coastal protection or other measures)

Management Units

For the purpose of establishing the shoreline management plan,

which has to take aspects other than littoral transport and
morphology into account sub-cells have further been divided into
Management Units (MUs) that possess coherent features in terms of
physical characteristics and land use.

Sediment supply

Source of sediment meant to nourish the shoreline (beach). A deficit

in sediment supply leads to erosion.

Setback

A distance measured from the high water line and landward, defining
a zone within which no permanent structure/development is to
occur.

Shoreline Definition and Delineation

The shoreline covers a small coherent strip of land and sea. The
landward coverage is defined as approximately 1 km inshore, or to
the landward limit of the coastal mangrove system. In cases where
there is a well-defined coastal road, the landward limit is taken at the
coastal road.
The seaward limit is taken as the limit of the sediment plume
excursions from the main rivers, which typically covers the sea out to
about 3 nautical miles offshore.

Tidal prism

Volume or amount of water stored in an estuary between mean high

tide and mean low tide.

Up-drift

Location relative to the net littoral drift.

Upstream

Location relative to the direction of current.

Water Depth

Depth relative to MSL (unless other datum specified).

Wave Direction

Direction from where the wave is coming from.

Wind Direction

Direction from where the wind is blowing.

vi

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Introduction

1.1

General
Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) or also referred as Department of Irrigation and Drainage
(DID), Malaysia, awarded PY Konsep Perunding Sdn Bhd the study Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran
Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP) bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran) on 20th July 2011. Viz
letter of appointment ref. No: (15)dlm PPS(S)14/11 JLD.2.
The commencement date of this study was set as 1st August 2012 with an original study period
of twelve (12) months and completion by 31st July 2012, but extended due to issues on primary
and secondary data collection.
The present document is the Draft Final Report for the study and contains all the analyses,
assessments and recommendations made during the course of the study.

1.2

ISMP Study Objectives and Scope

The main aims of the ISMP study are:

Reduce risks to people and property from coastal erosion and/or flooding;
Improve and enhance the quality of recreational beaches;
Assist in the conservation of the coastal environment, historical, archaeological value;
Assist in the planning of land use along the coastal area;
Assist the State Government and the various State Government Agencies/Departments in
making informed decisions with respect to the development in the coastal area.

The ToR outlined the objectives of the study as follow:

Re-appraisal of the erosion status based on the categories set in the National Coastal
Erosion Study 1985 and previous Shoreline Management Plans for the State of Sabah;
Appraisal of coastal erosion control options and the expected impacts of their
implementation to the adjacent areas and environment;
Selection of coastal development management strategies along the shoreline;
Formulation of specific guidelines for development activities along the shoreline
To enhance the use of ICT/GIS within the various State Agencies and the State Government
with an easily accessible depository of ISMP data.

Based on the ToR the study were to include three (3) phases, namely:
Phase 1: Data Collection and Analysis
Phase 1 will cover data collection and analyses and will include the following:

Collection of primary and secondary data

Coastal hydraulic study
Analysis of coastal processes
Environmental assessment
Recreational and tourism assessment
Archaeological and historical assessment
Land use assessment
Legal and institutional assessment

The results obtained from the data that have been collected and analysed are to be presented in
the form of plans, tables, figures, charts and any other suitable means.

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1-1

Phase 2: Setting Management Objectives

Management objectives for the shoreline have been defined on basis of all data that have been
collected and analysed. Some of these objectives may be applicable to the whole shoreline while
others may be more specific. These objectives have been ranked in the order of importance,
after consultation with all the relevant parties that has had relevant opportunities to review and
refine them. These proposed objectives have been finalized and adopted with the concurrence
of the state Government and the relevant authorities.
The appraisal and selection of coastal development management objectives and strategies have
been presented to all KKPG members at meetings to allow for the interest and aspirations of
each party to be understood and taken into consideration in the ISMP. These meetings have
allow the members to be kept informed of all developments, provide opportunity for member
contribution and address any area of conflicting interest during the setting of the management
objectives.
Phase 3: Preparation of Plan
The ISMP concludes Phase 3 and includes the following responsibilities:

1.3

Classification of shoreline;
Coastal defence options;
Coastal development management strategies;
An information system comprising of a spatial (GIS based) and a non-spatial information
system
Develop specific guidelines and conditions
Development of GIS coverage for the integrated shoreline management of the coastline from
Papar to Tuaran, Sabah.
Conceptual layouts for beach stabilisation and improvement of water quality for focus areas
to enhance aesthetic and recreational values

Study Sectors
For integrated shoreline management planning multiple sectors affecting the shoreline zone
have been considered. The sectors are:
Physical environment considering processes affecting shoreline morphology and evolution
and water quality
Biological environment covering environmental aspects such as coastal and marine ecology
Land use, tourism and recreation
Socio-economics in general and on coastal villages in particular
Legal, institutional and policy framework governing for the development of the plan
Shoreline protection and restoration options
The scope for each sector is briefly described in subsequent sections.

1.3.1

Physical Environment
The scope of works for the description of the physical environment includes:
Primary surveys and collection of secondary data for analysis of coastal processes.
Catchment modelling:
- Development of catchment and pollution load models to estimate pollution generated
on a catchment basis and to identify main pollutant sources.
Coastal hydraulic modelling:
- Development of detailed near shore wave model for derivation of temporal and spatial
variation of wave characteristics along the shoreline.
- Development of a detailed local hydrodynamic model capable of resolving the details of
the near shore tidal and non-tidal water movements along the shoreline and within
estuaries

1-2

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1.3.2

Development of sediment transport models to describe sediment transport along the

shore and bypass of sediments around headlands (natural or artificial) and across river
mouths
Establishment of littoral sediment budget along the shoreline
Assess the long term morphology evolution due to coastal developments and to determine
the best coastal defence option for problem areas
Estimate coastal flood levels
Assess the spatial and temporal excursion of turbid sediment plumes emanating from the
main riverine sources
Assess the spatial and temporal dispersion of pollutants discharged from rivers and drains
Formulate management strategies and recommendations to minimise pollution levels for
critical areas

Biological Environment
The main objective of the biological-ecological environmental assessment was to identify and
evaluate the importance of the various ecological resources within the study area which would
guide or influence shoreline management strategies and coastal defence options. In order to
achieve this, the following activities were carried out:

1.3.3

Terrestrial/Intertidal Habitat Assessment(including mangroves)

- Collation of data from relevant authorities and agencies to identify various landforms,
habitats and linkages
- Mapping of vegetation units based on satellite image analysis and ground truthing.
- Profiling ofvegetation units.
- Evaluation and assessment of important habitats and population. This includes also the
potential threats to the ecological management units
- Formulate management objectives for terrestrial habitats
- Recommend management strategies for ecological units

Marine Resources
- Collation of data from relevant authorities and agencies to identify presence and
distribution of sensitive marine habitats and fauna.
- Carry out rapid surveys of selected areas where information on reefs/ seagrass areas is
outdated or lacking.
- Evaluate and assess the distribution of coral reefs and seagrass beds and their health
- Evaluate and assess the presence of aquatic fauna of conservation value, such as turtles
and dolphins
- Formulate management objectives and strategies for marine habitats

Aquaculture and Fisheries Resources

- Collation of data from relevant authorities and agencies to identify main fishing
grounds and aquaculture activities
- Assess marine habitats identified above for suitability as fishing breeding and nursery
grounds.

Land Use, Tourism and Recreation

The assessment of the land use included mapping of present (actual) land use, including existing
tourism and recreational facilities, based on satellite imagery analysis, data from relevant
authorities and ground truthing surveys. The following components were assessed during the
shoreline surveys:

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Beach Quality Surveys including observations of water clarity, beach width, beach quality
(debris or solid wastes), tranquility as measures of overall suitability for recreation and
tourism.
Survey of all resorts and recreational areas along the study area shoreline

1-3

Future land use proposals were determined through available Local and District Plans from the
Town and Regional Planning Department and local authorities, and planned future development
activities in particular from the Sabah Development Corridor proposals. These development
proposals were assessed with respect to the findings of the study and existing guidelines on
coastal and waterfront developments. Where possible, the developments have been integrated
with the recommendations of this study, while general guidelines and policies with respect to
development activities in coastal areas have also been formulated.

1.3.4

Socio Economics
The socio-economic evaluation covers the following aspects:

Demography. General demographic analysis includes population size, growth, structure and
spatial distribution based on Department of Statistics information.
Economic activities - general economic activities within the study area, including fisheries,
tourism and industries.
A socioeconomic survey was also carried out in order to collection additional information
on the local communities perception of environmental conditions, threats such as erosion
and pollution, and their receptiveness to development, such as tourism or other
developments in their localities.

The survey was carried out from late November to mid December 2011 and covered 28 coastal
villages in the districts of Papar, Putatan, Kota Kinabalu and Tuaran.

1.3.5

Legal, Institutional and Policy Framework

The scope for the legal, institutional and policy framework covers the following:

1.3.6

Review and evaluation of existing institutional framework for the management of the
shoreline in Sabah and in the districts within the study area.
Review and evaluation of existing legal framework for the control and regulation of
development activities along the shoreline of Sabah and in the coastal districts within the
study area in particular
Review and evaluate existing State/Federal Government policies on ISMP in general and the
management and development of the Sabah State shoreline, in particular with reference to
the existing Sabah Shoreline Management Plan adopted by the State Cabinet in 2006
Identify and summarise the main issues and problems related to the existing institutional
and legal framework for shoreline management in Sabah
Propose where necessary any requirements for new policies, strategies, legislations,
regulations, guidelines or institutional arrangements for the integrated management of the
shoreline in the study area
Make recommendations for institutional arrangements for the implementation of the
present ISMP and make appropriate recommendations

Shoreline Protection and Restoration Options

The scope of works for the relating to shoreline protection and restoration options includes:

1-4

Description of advantages and disadvantages of different shoreline protection options

General coastal engineering guidance for design of shoreline protection
Recommendation of shoreline protection or restoration for areas currently facing erosion
Provision of conceptual plan for beautification and restoration of selected stretches of
shoreline by beach nourishment works and any other structural or non-structural measures
to beautify the shoreline.

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1.4

Related Studies
A number of studies have been or are currently being carried out to address issues on coastal
erosion and water quality with the aim of managing the coastal zone and to enhance the tourism
potential. The studies include:

National Coastal Erosion Study. 1985 (NCES).

West Coast of Sabah SMP, 1997 for Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Environment Sabah by
Environment Protection Department.
East Coast of Sabah SMP and updating of West Coast of Sabah SMP, 2005 for Ministry of
Tourism, Culture and Environment Sabah by Environment Protection Department.

The NCES was a comprehensive study covering all of Malaysia coastline and the first real
appraisal of coastal conditions in Malaysia documented. The scale of the study did not allow for
local elaborations and the Tuaran-Papar section is per definition treated in a descriptive, limited
and verygeneral manner. References to the NCES-conclusions will be made when possible.
Through the East Coast of Sabah SMP the Sabah SMP was compiled with an update of shoreline
changes along the west coast over preceding years. The plan was in 2007 approved by the State
Cabinet and it has effectively become a tool for informed decisions making with respect to the
development in the coastal area.
Studies currently being carried out include:

Island Management Plan (IMP) for Sabah by Environment Protection Department.

Tourism Masterplan for the Coastal Area between Tuaran and Kota Belud by Institute for
Development Studies Sabah.

The IMP for Sabah is to extend the Sabah SMP to include the islands that were not included in
the study, with the overall objective to prepare an integrated management plan for islands with
tourism potential based on the natural resources or for improving socio-economic activities
through agriculture and fisheries. Further, it is to revisit the island reclamation concept for the
Lok Kawi tourism cluster first proposed in the late nineties.
The principle objective of the tourism masterplan study is to formulate a plan for the coastal
area between Tuaran and Kota Belud districts with a long-term sustainable growth strategy to
maximise the tourism benefits for Sabah through coastal tourism development.
These two studies have few overlaps with the present study area and it will be ensured that
plans and strategies within these areas are aligned.

1.5

Report Structure
The Draft Final Report is presented in three volumes as follows:
Volume 1 Main Volume Summary and MU Objectives and Strategies. This volume
provides general discussion on the main coastal management issues for the shoreline from
Papar to Turan and the broad principles considered in formulating the MU objectives and
strategies. For ease of reference MU objectives and strategies are presented on tabular form.
The earlier SMP was in 2007 endorsed by the State Cabinet and forms today the basis for the
management of the shoreline for the State of Sabah. It is the intention and hope that the present
plan that in greater detail addresses managements issues and detail development strategies
along the stretch of shoreline from Papar to Tuaran, Sabah in due time will become the statutory
plan. For some MUs management objectives and strategies may have changed or amendments
made and for easy reference previous and present management objectives and strategies have
been tabulated and included in an appendix.

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1-5

Volume 2 Managing the Shoreline from Papar to Tuaran Challenges and Opportunities.
This volume contains detailed and specific discussions and recommendations on major coastal
management aspects. Issues covered inlcude coastal flooding and tsunami, climate change,
coastal erosion and sedimentation, coastal protection, dredging and sand mining, potential
impacts of proposed coastal developments, water quality, beach beautification and restoration
as well as governance.
Volume 3 Baseline Report. A significant amount of data has been collected during the course
of the study. This volume describes both primary and secondary and primary data collected as
well as the analyses carried out and the organisation of data into an IMS.

1.6

Study Area and Management Units

The geographic scope of the ISMP covers the area from Kuala Papar in the Papar district up to
Tg. Luok Pisok in the Tuaran district (Figure 1.1), with the approximate shoreline length of 100
km. The extent of the shoreline area to be considered in the study is general 1 km landward and
12 km seaward of the shoreline. There are twelve islands within the study area of which the
islands of Pulau Sulug, Mamutik, Manukan, Sapi and a large portion of P. Gaya are protected
within the Tunku Abdul Rahman Park (TARP). The part of islands within these parks is
considered in the study as a single management unit (protected area unit).

1.6.1

Coastal Sediment Cells

The shoreline within the study area has been sub-divided into three (3) main coastal sediment
cells containing a number of sub-cells. The delineation of cells and sub-cells is based upon
sections of coastline with similar sediment transport and morphological characteristics (see
Figure 1.2).

1.6.1.1

Primary Cells
A primary sediment cell is defined as a section of coast bounded by morphological features
around which there is negligible sediment bypass, even during extreme events, or bounded by
major rivers where the sediment supply from the river dominates the littoral drift.
Based upon this definition, it follows that coastal construction in one primary cell will have no
influence on the shoreline morphology of adjacent cells. Pollution and fine sediments may
however be transported by marine currents from one cell to another.
The three (3) primary cells defined within the study area (cell number in brackets corresponds
to the definition of the Sabah SMP from 2005) are delineated below (south to north) and shown
in Figure 1.2:
1.
2.
3.

Papar Primary cell (Cell 5) delineated by Kuala Papar in the south and Tg. Aru headland in
the north
Kota Kinabalu Primary Cell (Cell 6) delineated by Tg. Aru headland and Tg. Kaitan
Tuaran Primary Cell (Cell 7) delineated by Tg. Kaitan and Tg. Luok Pisok to the north

Kuala Papar is as per the ToR the southern boundary of the study area, but due to the notorious
erosion problems encountered at Pantai Manis immediately south of Kuala Papar the study area
has been extended a few kilometres southward and a special cell has been defined:

1-6

Pantai Manis Special Cell (part of Cell 4) covering the coastline parcel of Pantai Manis
bounded by Kuala Papar to the north

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Figure 1.1

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Study area.

1-7

Figure 1.2

1.6.1.2

1-8

Defined cell and subcell boundaries.

Secondary Cells (Subcells)

Secondary cells divide the primary cells into smaller sections, which exhibit similar sediment
transport characteristics and are bounded by features around which sediment bypass is small
during normal conditions, although there may be considerable bypass during extreme events.

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Based upon this definition, it follows that coastal construction in one secondary cell will only
have a small influence on adjacent subcells.

1.6.2

Papar Primary Cell into three (3) subcells:

- North-Papar
- Kinarut and
- Tg. Aru
Kota Kinabalu Primary Cell into five (5) subcells:
- KK City
- Likas
- Tarak Tarak
- Sapangar
- Tg. Gaya
Tuaran Primary Cell into two (2) sub-cells:
- Karambunai and
- Sabandar Bay

Management Units
For each subcell, smaller management units (MUs) which possess coherent features in terms of
physical characteristics and land use have been defined. In some cases, separate submanagement units or hinterland management units are defined within each management unit
due to their distinct land use or natural feature differ from the main management unit fronting
the shoreline (e.g. in the case of estuaries or mangrove systems which extend some distance
inland and need to be considered under the ISMP yet are not located along the shoreline).
Generally the following factors have been considered while defining the MUs:

Coastal processes (littoral drift, sediment type, etc.)

Erosion threat and coastal protection requirements
Beach quality
Hinterland land use
Cadastral and administrative boundaries
Socio-cultural issues

Defined MUs and their code names are as far as possible similar to previous selections made in
the earlier SMP, however, management unit boundaries have been amended which has resulted
in addition or deletion of some MUs along the study area and in total 67 MUs have been defined.
For readers familiar with the earlier SMP Appendix A may be used for cross referencing.

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Pantai Manis Special Cell into 2 management units:

- C4-14: Pantai Manis
- C4-15: Papar Islamic School
Papar Cell into 22 management units and has 3 sub management units:
- C5-01: Kuala Papar
- C5-02: Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat
- C5-02b: Immediate Hinterland
- C5-03: Sg. Pengalat Estuary
- C5-04: Summer Bay, Melinsung
- C5-04b: Melinsung Mangroves
- C5-05: Tg. Melinsung
- C5-06: Tg. Melinsung to Sg. Kawang
- C5-07: Sg. Kawang Mangroves
- C5-08: Sg. Kawang to Kg. Kinarut Laut
- C5-09: Kg. Kinarut Laut to Sg. Kinarut
- C5-10: Sg. Kinarut Mangroves
- C5-11: Palm Beach
- C5-12: Kinarut Beach
- C5-13: Kg. Karang to Lok Kawi Army Base
- C5-14: Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase I
1-9

- C5-15: Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase II

- C5-16: Meruntum Lagoon North
- C5-17: Sg. Putatan to Tg. Dumpil
- C5-18: Tg. Dumpil
- C5-19: Tg. Dumpil to Sg. Petagas
- C5-20: Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA)
- C5-20b: Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) Runway Extended
- C5-21: Tanjung Aru Beach
- C5-22: Pulau Dinawan
Kota Kinabalu Cell into 22 management units and has 3 sub management unit:
- C6-01: Shangri-Las Tanjung Aru Resort (STAR)
- C6-02: Kg. Tanjung Aru to Sutera Harbour
- C6-03: Sutera Harbour/Sembulan
- C6-04: KK Times Square
- C6-05: Central Bus Station
- C6-06: Kota Kinabalu Waterfront
- C6-07: Kota Kinabalu Port
- C6-08: Tg. Lipat to Likas Beach
- C6-09: Likas Beach to Anjung Selera
- C6-09b: Likas Lagoon
- C6-10: Sg. Inanam Mangroves
- C6-11: Sg. Inanam to Kg. Layang-Layang
- C6-12: Kg. Tarak-Tarak to Sg. Menggatal
- C6-13: Sg. Menggatal Estuary
- C6-14: UiTM Campus
- C6-15: Sapangar Bay Industrial Area
- C6-16: Sapangar Fish Factory
- C6-17 : Sapangar Naval Base
- C6-18 : Ocean Quarry
- C6-19: Tg. Gaya and Tg. Kaitan
- C6-20: Pulau Sepangar
- C6-21: Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park (TARP)
- C6-22: Gaya Island
- C6-22b : Tg. Logong
- C6-22c : Gayana Island Resort
Tuaran Cell into 9 management units and has 6 sub management units:
- C7-01: Nexus Karambunai
- C7-02: Kuala Karambunai and Estuaries
- C7-02b: Petronas Complex
- C7-02c: Salut Mengkabung Estuaries
- C7-02d: Gayang
- C7-03: Shangri-Las Rasa Ria Resort
- C7-03b: Estuary between Tg. Badak and Kg. Trayong
- C7-03c: Kg. Trayong
- C7-04: Kuala Tambalang
- C7-05: Sabandar Beach
- C7-05b: Tambalang Estuary Mangroves
- C7-06: Kuala Tuaran
- C7-07: Mimpian Jadi Resort
- C7-08: Sulaman Estuary
- C7-09: Sulaman Peninsula

Defined MUs and their code names for the Kimanis special cell, Papar, Kota Kinabalu and Tuaran
Cells well as Pantai Manis Special Cell are shown in Figure 1.3 to Figure 1.6. A total of 67
management units are defined for the whole study area.

1-10

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Figure 1.3

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Management units defined for Kimanis Special Cell.

1-11

Figure 1.4

1-12

Management units defined for Papar Cell.

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Figure 1.5

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Management units defined for Kota Kinabalu Cell.

1-13

Figure 1.6

1-14

Management units defined for Tuaran Cell.

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State and ISMP Development Objectives

2.1

Vision
The vision for Malaysia is to be a high-income nation by 2020, through the creation of a highincome, inclusive and sustainable economy. This is mirrored and elaborated in the State of
Sabahs development vision to be a vibrant, economically successful and liveable state, built
upon the following five attributes (Sabah Development Corridor Vision, SEDIA [1]):

A preferred gateway for trade, investment and leisure for leading businesses and talents
from around the world in key areas
A happy and cohesive community that lives in harmony and prosperity regardless of race,
language or religion
A tech-savvy state that uses and showcases technology in enhancing the quality of daily lif
A place of opportunity where residents and foreign talents find rewarding employment
opportunities; and
Among the most liveable places in Asia with culture, heritage, quality of life and clean
environment.

The Sabah Development Corridor (SDC) was launched on January29, 2008 to accelerate the
growth of Sabahs economy, promote regional balance and bridge the rural-urban divide while
ensuring sustainable management of the states resources. The SDC is part of the five economic
corridors inspired by the former Prime Minister YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi
and is in line with the key thrusts and objectives of the Halatuju Pembangunan dan Kemajuan
Negeri Sabah, launched in 2004 by YAB Datuk Seri Panglima Musa Aman, Chief Minister of
Sabah, which outlines the direction of the states development.

2.2

Development Goals
As outlined in the Halatuju, the economic agenda or vision for the State of Sabah focuses on
three thrust sectors, namely, Agriculture, Tourism and Manufacturing. The aim for development
in Sabah is to be based on its existing strengths, most notably its rich natural resources. These
broad goals are further elaborated in the SDC blueprint, which outlines the following goals:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

2.3

Leverage Sabahs geographic location, natural resources, cultural heritage and biodiversity
for balanced growth
Build high-margin services sector in tourism and logistics
Empower rural participation and enhance agricultural yield
Increase value capture of Sabahs Resources in downstream manufacturing activities
Develop infrastructure and people as key enablers for Sabahs growth
Improve income distribution and living standards of the people
Conserve and protect the environment for future generations
Plan and implement Sabahs growth through good corporate practices.

Development Objectives
The SDC covers the whole of Sabah and is divided into three sub-regions, namely the Western,
Central and Eastern Sub-region. The present ISMP Study Area falls within the Western SubRegion, which is earmarked as Sabahs industrial zone and tourism gateway. The objective is to
transform Kota Kinabalu into a world-class city by strengthening infrastructure and logistics to
support industries, improve access to tourism destinations and expand shipping logistics.
Economic initiatives under the SDC are aligned into six key focus areas or sectors as follows [2]:

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2-1

Tourism
Palm Oil
Agriculture
Oil, Gas and Energy
Education
Manufacturing & Logistics

In order to achieve the development goals, the SDC has identified25Entry Point Projects (EPPs)
with 72 individual projects(sub-projects) to boost investments. Within the study area, the EPPs
primarily fall within the Greater Kota Kinabalu EPPs, Tourism EPPs, and Manufacturing and
Logistics EPPs. These EPPs are concentrated within the Kota Kinabalu and Tuaran Districts,
with two Manufacturing and Logistics EPPs in KK (KKIP and Sapangar Bay Container Port
expansion) and one EPP focusing on Coastal Tourism Development in the Tuaran area.
The objective for the Greater KK area (including KK City, Penampang and Putatan towns) is to
leverage on KK as the gateway to Sabahs tourism attractions and to promote liveability in the
city, focusing on public safety, transportation and healthcare as enablers for economic activities.
This is in line with DBKKs Structure Plan 2030 to make Kota Kinabalu a Nature and Maritime
city by 2030. In particular, the development objectives are:

To promote KK as a world-class tourist destination

To provide good and efficient infrastructure facilities
To promote environmentally sustainable design
To promote maritime-related business and industries
To upgrade local living standards.

In all, eleven EPPs have been identified for the Greater KK area to achieve the above objectives.

2.4

ISMP Development Objectives

The state vision, local plans and proposed development plans have, where appropriate, been
considered in the formulation of objectives and strategies for the management of the shoreline.
However, other factors considered are:

2-2

Environmental sustainability
Need for conservation of environmentally sensitive areas
To facilitate and enhance the enjoyment and appreciation by the public of the natural
beauty of the coastline through improving and extending opportunities for recreational,
educational, sporting and tourism activities that draw on, and are consistent with the
conservation and protection of their natural beauty;
Livelihood of fishermen
Welfare, social and cultural needs of existing and future coastal population
Planning and protection of developments in areas vulnerable to coastal hazards such as
erosion, flooding and water pollution.

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Findings and Issues

The baseline report findings from the various sectors have formed the basis for the
development of the ISMP with particular attention given to areas with development potential
(achieved in a sustainable manner)and areas where critical issues have been identified. To give a brief
overview important findings and critical issues have been summarised by sectors:

3.1

Physical environment (coastal morphology (erosion and sedimentation), coastal flooding,

coastal protection, water quality)
Biological environment (terrestrial and marine habitats, fisheries and aquaculture)
Land use, tourism and recreation
Socio-economics

Physical Environment
The physical environment sector covers several aspects including coastal morphology, coastal
flooding, coastal protection, dredging, reclamation, sand mining and water quality. The issues
identified in relation hereto are summarised below.

3.1.1

Coastal Morphology
The coastal stretch from Papar to Tuaran is characterised by its diversity and features a variety
of coastal environments that may roughly be divided into two main categories:

Regulated or artificial coastlines.

Natural unspoiled coastal landscapes.

The coastline in and near Kota Kinabalu is made up by a significant fraction of regulated and
artificial coastlines:
i.
ii.

The regulated coastlines consists of harbours, ports, marinas, land reclamations, water
(stilt) villages, seawalls as well as coastal protection structures ranging from provisional to
massive protection schemes
The developed part of the coastline facilitates a great number of tourism spots with lowerend to world-renowned hotel/resorts, recreational facilities, waterfronts and also features
housing areas, industries and governmental zones

The coastal stretches towards Papar and Tuaran features unspoiled coastlinelandscape with
intermittent developments including housing areas/coastal villages, resorts and recreational
facilities. The coastal landscape varies significantly with littoral beaches (especially north of
Kota Kinabalu towards Tuaran), rocky headlands, river mouths, deltas, lagoons, estuaries, mud
flats, sand spits and mangrove swamps.
3.1.1.1

Erosion
More than 50 km of coastline within the study area is undergoing erosion and without
protection (or upgrade of existing protection) property, infrastructure or other values will
potentially be lost. The eroding coastline has been categorised based on the definitions by the
NCES.
Category 1 Critical erosion with immediate danger for damage or loss of values:
i. Pantai Manis Beach south of Kuala Papar
ii. Kg. Kinarut Laut
iii. JKR Complex at near Sg. Putatan river mouth
iv. Kg. Contoh along beach at and south of Sg. Petagas
v. Nexus Residential Villa

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3-1

Category 2 Significant erosion with loss of values with a 5 to 10 years period unless protected:
i. Palm Beach Villa
ii. Tg. Aru Beach at Prince Phillip Park
iii. Nexus Resort at Karambunai
iv. Karambunai Beach near Sg. Menkabung/Sg. Salut
v. Tuaran Beach Resortand private housing at Sabandar Beach
vi. Kuala Tuaran
Category 3 Acceptable erosion with no or minor loss of value if not protected
i. Kg. Bundusan Papar between Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat
ii. Northern Beringgis Beach close to Sg. Kawang
iii. Sabandar Beach except area of Tuaran Beach Resort, private housing and areaimmediately
south of Kuala Tuaran
For basically all areas under Category 1 and 2 some coastal protection has been constructed, but
since failed due to inadequate design of the protection structure.
The coastal erosion adjacent to Sg. Papar and Sg. Turan river mouths (Pantai Manis Beach, Kg.
Bundusan Papar and Sabandar Beach) may in part be ascribed to sand mining in the rivers.
3.1.1.2

Sedimentation
Sedimentation is a common problem for the river mouths within the study area and for most
rivers within the study area it is not possible to navigate through the river mouths with a small
boat and for some rivers there is also an increased risk of flooding. The increasing problem of
river mouth sedimentation may generally be ascribed to a combination of higher sediments
loads due to increased soil erosion in the river catchment following land clearing and reduction
in the flushing capacity through the river mouthas the tidal prism of the river is reduced by land
reclamation.
At Sg. Petagas river mouth the sedimentation has further increased following the reclamation
for the KKIA runway extension, causing the sediments transported along the shoreline (from Tg.
Dumpil and northward) to be trapped at the southern end of the reclamation.
Likas Bay is gradually becoming shallower due to discharge of sediments into the bay from
monsoon drains and primarily Sg. Inanam. The high sediment concentrations also affect the
quality of the beach.

3.1.2

Coastal Protection and Reclamations

There are a large number of coastal structures along the shoreline of the study area. In and near
Kota Kinabalu developments have mainly occurred on reclaimed land protected by revetments
and seawall, whereas at other locations developments originally located at some distance from
the shorelinehave become at risk due to erosion and coastal protection has been
constructed.Some of the coastal protection structure and reclamations are listed in the
following.

3.1.2.1

Coastal Protection
Coastal protection structures identified varies from revetments (rubble mounds), seawalls
(masonry, reinforced concrete or gabions) and groynes:
i.
ii.

3-2

Along Pantai Manis Beach precast concrete Labuan blocks have been installed in attempt to
arrest erosion, but blocks have overturned due to scour and wave action.
Long stretches of the shoreline within the study area are protected by rock revetments
(many of these structures are characterised by lack of engineering design and are more
rubble mounds):
a. Rock revetmentsin general good condition are found at Pantai Manis School south
of Sg. Papar, Beringgis Resort south of Sg. Kawang, Borneo Paradise and Langkah
Syabas Resorts along Kinarut Beach, Kota Kinabalu Papar Highway at Lok Kawi,
Bay View Villa at Tg. Dumpil, Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA), Tg,

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Lipatnorth of the old Kota Kinabalu Port, jetty belonging to University Malaysia
Sabah (UMS) and within Sapangar Bay
b. Rock revetments in poor condition (failed or failing) are found at Palm Beach
Housing Estate at Sg. Kinarut river mouth, JKR Complex north of Sg. Putatan, beach
south of Kg. Contoh, and Tuaran Beach Resort south of Sg. Tambalang
iii. Shorter stretches of the shoreline within the study are protected by seawalls (concrete or
gabions):
a. Concrete and gabion seawalls in general good condition are found south of Sg.
Kawang, Bay View Villa at Tg. Dumpil, Tg. Lipat north of the old Kota Kinabalu Port
and Likas Beach, Nexus Resort at Karambunai and at Tuaran Beach Resort.
b. Conctrete or masonry seawalls in poor condition (failed or failing) are found at Kg.
Kinarut Laut, Kg. Contoh, Tg. Aru Beachand Nexus Residental Villa at Karambunai
iv. Provisional shoreline protection of tires and concrete pile stubs are found at Kg. Contoh
near Sg. Petagas river mouth.
v. Groins are only found at Likas Beach where they function as terminal structures to prevent
loss of sand from the beach
The failing coastal protection structures are all found in areas subject to erosion and it appears
evident that these structures have been constructed without due consideration of coastal
engineering aspects..
3.1.2.2

Reclamation
Land has mainly been reclaimed around Kota Kinabalu with larger part of the city centre
developed on reclaimed land. Among the more significant or recent are:
i.

The extension of the runway for Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA), which has
caused significant sedimentation at Sg. Petagas river mouth and slightly accelerated erosion
rates at the southern part of Tg. Aru beach. During construction problems with erosion was
noticeable at Kg. Contoh (southern bank of the river mouth), but this ascribed to illegal
activities by contractor
ii. The development of Jesselton Residences near Jesselton Point. Given that the Kota Kinabalu
waterfront is already protected and with no littoral transport the development will not
cause any morphological impacts and merely streamlines the water front
iii. At Sapangar Bay land have been reclaimed for industrial and port development, but with no
significant morphological impacts owing to the limited wave exposure and lack of littoral
zone
iv. The development of the Naval Base for the Royal Malaysian Navy. Land has been reclaimed
over reefs and a causeway constructed from the main land to P. Udar Kechil. Following the
construction of the causeway sedimentation has occurred on the northeastern shore of the
island
v. The Kota Kinabalu City Waterfront (KKCW)development at the city centre with a minor
reclamation on an already protected waterfront
vi. Magellan Sutera Resort and Pacific Sutera Hotel developed on reclaimed peninsular (island)
south of Kota Kinabalu city centre
vii. Bay View Villa housing estate between Tg. Dumpil and Sg. Putatan
viii. Reclamation fronting Kg. Karang to be part of the Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster. The
reclamation has created a narrow and shallow lagoon now partly closed at the southern end
due to trapping of sediments transported along the shore
Most of the reclamations have been protected by revetments and only at some of the recent
developments in Kota Kinabalu city centre seawalls have been used

3.1.3

Coastal Flooding
Coastal flooding is not a common problem within the study area but do occur:
i.

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At Karabunai (Nexus Resort) coastal flooding has been reported, although not reaching the
resort buildings

3-3

ii.

3.1.4

Relatively frequent flooding has been reported at Palm Beach Housing Estate at Sg. Kinarut
river mouth, this being due to a too low platform level for the development combined with
insufficient setback and poor design of coastal protection

Dredging
Higher loads of fine sediments and weak currents result in shallow river mouths with limited
flood conveyance and not navigable with even small boats. Dredging has for these reasons been
carried out or is being considered for some of the river mouths:
i.
ii.

3.1.5

Sg. Papar and Sg. Putatan river mouths have recently been dredged to improve navigability
Dredging is currently being considered to improve flood conveyance and navigability
through the river mouth of Sg. Petagas

Sand Mining
Sand mining or extraction is carried out at numerous locations in Sg. Papar and Sg. Tuaran.
Information on the quantities of sand extracted is not available, but morphological changes
(erosion) near the river mouths indicate that mining results in a deficit in sediment supply to
the shoreline.

3.1.6

Water Quality
The coastal and marine water quality varies significantly with the coastal and hinterland land
use and as such over the study area. Around Kota Kinabalu the high intensity land use for
residential, commercial and industrial purpose result in high pollutant loads in rivers and drains
discharging into the sea. For the lower intensity land use towards Papar and Tuaran pollutant
loads are significantly lower. The data collected for the present study indicates that the
discharges from land-based activities here are a far greater risk to the environment than
pollution from marine activities.
The major pollutants of concern are disease-causing microorganisms (e.g. E-coli), nutrients,
toxic contaminants, debris and sediments that may adversely impact marine flora and fauna,
fisheries and recreational beaches. The loads and the dispersion of pollutants vary with the
monsoon seasons and in comparison to the Malaysian Marine Water Quality Criteria and
Standard the present study reveals that:
iii. High total ammonia nitrogen concentrations exceeding Class 2 requirement are found along
the shoreline of Pantai Manis, North-Papar, Kinarut, Tg. Aru, Likas and Sabandar sub-cells.
iv. Phosphate and nitrate concentrations around Sg. Kinarut, Sg. Putatan and Sg. Menggatal
river mouths and Likas and Tarak-Tarak sub-cells exceeds for longer periods the Class 2
requirements
v. High faecal coliform concentrations are found relatively close to drains and river mouths
and concentrations exceeding Class 2 are observedaround Sg. Papar river mouth and the
sub-cells of Kinarut, Tg. Aru, Likas and Sabandar. Only coastal waters within Pantai Manis,
Sapangar, Tg. Gaya and Karambunai sub-cells comply with Class 2 standards

3.2

Biological Environment

3.2.1

Coastal Habitats
Coastal vegetation within the study area includes beach vegetation, grassland, lowland forests
and mangrove forests. Beach forests and woodlands are concentrated mainly within the Tuaran
and Papar districts, as the Kota Kinabalu city area extending down to the Putatan district is
mostly built-up, and comprises disturbed or artificial habitats such as open grasslands and
landscaped areas. Even in the more vegetated areas, the invasive Acacias are very common
within the beach forests, indicating previously disturbed habitats. Common beach flora includes
coconuts, Aru and Acacias. Less disturbed coastal forests are generally found on the islands,
such as P. Gaya, P. Sapangar, as well as on rocky headlands along the coastline.

3-4

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The main mangrove areas within the study area are primarily associated with riverine and
estuarine systems, whereas coastal fringing mangroves are not a prominent feature within the
study area. Historically, the shoreline of Kota Kinabalu supported fringing mangrove habitats;
however, these were lost due to expansion of the city area through reclamation since the early
20th century.
The study findings indicate an estimated mangrove area of approximately 5,073 ha within the
ISMP project area. The most extensive distribution is found in the Sulaman and Mengkabung
bays. The Mengkabung and Sulaman mangroves are relatively intact with Sulaman mangrove
protected as a Mangrove Forest Reserve. Most mangrove areas within the study site are
however affected to some extent by conversion for road construction, residential development,
or other development. Other clearings were for conversion to agriculture and aquaculture
activities. When comparing the current mangrove extent to the distribution recorded in 2004,
there has been a loss of approximately 91.4 ha (2.4 %) of mangroves within the study area over
the approximately 7 year period.
Given the disturbed nature of the terrestrial vegetation in the study area, faunal habitats are
restricted primarily to mangrove areas and the coastal forests on headlands. Although no
studies have been carried out to determine the fauna of the study area, secondary data indicates
that the mangrove areas are highly diverse with different species of mammals, reptiles,
amphibians and birds, with a high proportion of species of high conservation value.

3.2.2

Coral Reefs
Coral reef distribution within the study area is concentrated in the central region, from
Kinarut/Lok Kawi in the south up to Tg. Kaitan (bounding Sapangar Bay) in the north.The coral
reefs in Sabah in general as well as in the study area have been rapidly and adversely impacted
by human activities in the past decades and the impacts are continuing today. Along the west
coast of Sabah, live coral cover has declined due to fish bombing, sedimentation, and effluent
run-off from mainland or nearby islands.
Despite the above threats, a number of areas of good quality reefs remain, namely, south of Sg.
Kinarut (although current status is uncertain), around P. Dinawan, the reefs of the Tunku Abdul
Rahman Park and around P. Sapangar. It is therefore proposed that these areas are prioritised
for conservation.
P. Dinawan should be conserved as a protected area due to the good quality coral reefs found
during the recent surveys. The fringing reefs of the southern part of the island have good coral
cover while reefs along other parts of the range in quality from poor to good. This island has
good potential as a tourist destination due to its location near the state capital. In view of the
quality of the reefs in the area, dive tourism should be explored in the area.
P. Sapangar has good potential as a tourist destination due to its location near the state capital,
Fair reef conditions and generally good water quality. The data basis in this area is however
2007 and hence some updates would be required. Due to its proximity to UMS, this site would
be ideal as a research station for the Borneo Marine Research Institute (BMRI). Dive tourism
could also be promoted to further protect this site and also to help reduce some of the pressure
on the reefs within TARP due to high visitor numbers.

3.2.3

Seagrass
Extensive seagrass beds are found in the large estuaries on the West Coast of Sabah, such as the
Mengkabung and Sulaman estuaries, while a number of other areas support smaller, patchy
seagrass beds such as on the southeastern side of P. Dinawan, around P. Gaya, northeast of P.
Sapangar, within Sapangar Bay, Salut, and the Mengkabung and Sulaman estuaries as mentioned
above.
Threats to the seagrass habitats within the study area include high sediment and nutrient
loading, where recent observations show stress due to sedimentation and algal epiphytic cover

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3-5

in areas such as Meruntum lagoon, Sapangar Bay and P. Gaya. The seagrass in Sapangar Bay is
also threatened by potential reclamation and expansion of industrial activities in the area.

3.2.4

Marine Fauna
The marine mega fauna found within the waters of Sabah is highly diverse with species of high
conservation value. Numerous sightings of marine mammals within the study area have been
recorded with the most recent occurrence on 10 January 2012 when a Pygmy killer whale
(Feresa attenuata) was found stranded on the Tg. Aru beach.
Large amounts of krill flowing out from the Mengkabung and Sulaman estuaries attract whale
sharks to the area. Whale sharks are one of the most common megafauna sighted within Kota
Kinabalu area where whale sharks are reportedly sighted at TARP by resort operators and
divers each year. In 1997, three (3) whale sharks were tagged in Usukan Island for a satellite
tracking study. The tagged whale sharks show that the whale sharks remains quite close to
shore, travelling from Usukan, going into Mengkabung Bay, TARP and to Pulau Tiga. It is
deduced that the whale sharks do not remain in one area and have a widespread movements
where they remain close to Borneo and Philippine Islands as they make their way to South
China Sea.
There are not many reported sightings and reports available of dolphins between Tuaran and
Papar waters except for occasional sightings by divers especially near TARP. Dugongs however
have been reported within the Sulaman Bay area, where seagrass beds are recorded.
Marine turtlescan be observed within the TARP area. No nesting beaches are reported along the
mainland shorelines. The most recent report turtle nesting was of a Hawksbill turtle found
laying eggs in P. Mamutik, TARP in 2009.

3.2.5

Fishery and Aquaculture

The coastline along essentially the entire study area, from Sapangar Bay down to Kimanis Bay is
classified as a fisheries area. In addition, the mangrove lined estuaries of Sulaman Bay,
Mengkabong Bay, Salut Bay and Pulau Gaya also support fisheries and aquaculture activities.
In Sabah, there are 16 Fisheries Districts, in which the study area is located within the Tuaran,
Kota Kinabalu and Papar fisheries districts. According to the Department of Fisheries Malaysia,
in 2007 a total of 2,565 fishermen were recorded from the three fishing districts, where a slight
increase in number of fishermen was recorded from 2007 to 2010. Between 2007 and 2010, the
highest number of registered fishermen was recorded in Kota Kinabalu, followed by Papar and
Tuaran.
A range of commercial and traditional fishing gears is used to harvest a large variety of species
within these fisheries zone. Types of fisheries resources landed within the waters of Sabah are
diadromous fish, marine fish (both demersal and pelagic), crustaceans and molluscs.
Miscellaneous resources like sea urchins and jellyfish are also part of the Sabah marine fish
resources.
The Department of Fisheries (DOF) Malaysia has designated numerous areas around Malaysian
waters for Aquaculture Industrial Zone for High Impact Projects. Under this programme, marine
aquaculture in Sabah is carried out using cage system, clam farming, seaweed farming and
hatchery activities. Two areas within the ISMP study area have been designated under this
programme, namely P. Gaya for cage system and Tg. Badak in Tuaran for hatchery activities.

3.3

Land use, Tourism and Recreation

The land use within the study area (1 km from the shoreline, and in some places further inland
in consideration of the inland limit of mangroves) comprises vegetated areas (27%), open space
(24%) and built up areas (30%), typically consisting of commercial, residential, institutional,
recreational and industrial land uses. Wetlands cover a further 16% of the study area.

3-6

S1030-Vol-1a-2-4

Villages are scattered along the shoreline of the study area with a total of 35 villages recorded.
The highest number of coastal villages is found in the Tuaran District with a total of 15 villages,
followed by Kota Kinabalu (13 villages) and Papar (5 villages). Putatan has the least number of
coastal villages with only 2 reported.
The total area of alienated land within the study area is 7,017 ha (53%). The study area in Papar
has about 40% alienated land including in the foreshore reserve and nearshore (i.e. water
space) areas. Similarly, in the Putatan District there are also numerous land titles stretching into
the foreshore reserve and nearshore areas. There are several land titles issued in the marine
waters within the proposed tourism reclamation cluster extending from Tg. Dumpil down to Lok
Kawi, including titles issued along the Meruntum lagoon sand spit which has since been lost to
erosion. About 82% of the study area in the Kota Kinabalu District comprises alienated land
while in the Tuaran district, only around 19% of the coastal area is alienated land, the rest being
state land or forest reserves.
A total of 155 lodgings of various categories of hotels and resorts can be found along the Papar
to Tuaran stretch. Of these, 26 of the hotels and resorts are either sited on the shoreline or
reclaimed coastal land with seafront view. From the total of 21 accommodations within Papar to
Tuaran along the shoreline, 12 hotels and resorts were star rated, three (3) were orchid rated
and 6 were not rated as of reported by Sabah Tourism up to date.
There are many tourism and recreational attractions along the Papar to Tuaran coastal stretch,
with the most frequented recreational spots by either locals or foreigners being the beaches,
which is evidenced by the many resorts found strategically located at beachfront or on
waterfront property.
Tg. Aru Beach and Tg. Lipat in Kota Kinabalu are popular public beaches with facilities available
to the public. Tg. Aru is crowded over the evenings and weekends with locals and tourists, while
Tg. Lipat Beach adjacent to Likas Bay attracts locals for recreational activities and post picnic
swims over the weekend. Both of these locations hold Sabahs annual events such as Dragon
boat races as well as Yacht Sailing Regatta competitions.
Papar has a few public beaches to name, Pantai Manis and a small stretch of Melinsung Beach,
where it not as crowded but still visited by nearby locals. The Kinarut area, also located in the
Papar district hosts a couple of popular beach stretches with small to moderate scale resorts
such as Langkah Syabas and Beringgis Beach Resort. Other tourism attractions apart from the
public and tourist beaches include historical/cultural sites, retail and dining outlets primarily
concentrated in Kota Kinabalu.

3.4

Socio-economics

3.4.1

Economic Background
Sabahs tourism sector is the 6th highest contributor to the States economy, and Sabahs
coastline is one of the major attractions for tourists. In particular in the study area, tourism
remains a strong economic component, with KK City being the States entry point and numerous
attractions in the vicinity such as the Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, beaches and beach resorts in
Tuaran and Kinarut.
Industrial activities also occur within the study area, concentrated primarily in Sapangar Bay
and around the Salut estuary in the Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park (KKIP) area.

3.4.2

Demography
The study area comprising of the Kota Kinabalu, Tuaran, Papar and Putatan Districts had a total
population of 752,696 in 2010, representing 23.5% of the total population of Sabah. Among the
four areas, Kota Kinabalu had the highest population, followed by Papar, Tuaran and Putatan.

S1030-Vol-1A-2-4

3-7

According to a survey conducted in December 2011, the shoreline population within the study
area was 95,592, which was 12.7% of the whole population of the study area.
The State of Sabah is the most diverse state in Malaysia in terms of ethnicity with more than 30
ethnic groups. The main ethnic groups comprise of Kadazan/Dusun, Baja and Murut. Other
groups are Malay, Other Bumiputera (e.g. Kedayan, Bisaya, Irranun, Rungus, Kimarang, Kwijau,
Lundayeh, Ubian, Binadan, Orang Sungai, Tatana, Tagaas, Brunei, Suluk, etc.), Chinese, Indians
and others. Within the study area, the ethnic composition can be summarised as follows:

The Chinese community is the largest ethnic group in Kota Kinabalu, followed by Bajau and
Kadazan/Dusun;

The Kadazan/Dusun and Bajau ethnic groups are dominant in Tuaran District;

In Papar District, the Malay community is the largest ethnic group with slightly smaller
groups of Kadazan/Dusun and Bajau;

In Putatan District the Bajau community is the largest ethnic group with slightly smaller
groups of Malay and Kadazan/Dusun.

In 2010, the employment profile in the Kota Kinabalu and Penampang districts was dominated
by service workers and shop and market sales workers, while in Tuaran most employed persons
worked as skilled agricultural and fisheries workers. This was not the case in Papar, where most
of the employed persons worked in elementary occupations.

3.4.3

Issues faced by Coastal Communities

A survey within the study area was conducted between December and November 2011, mainly
to determine the socio-economic issues within the study area. Twenty-eight (28) villages were
covered during the survey, located mostly within 1 km radius from the shoreline. Reported
serious issues facing these coastal communities included erosion and flooding (inundation),
pollution and deterioration of natural resources. Exposure to natural hazards such as erosion
and flooding was in particular highlighted in the District of Tuaran, followed by Papar, Kota
Kinabalu and Putatan.
The main highlighted pollution problem was that of household garbage, indicating that the local
people are well aware of the issue but are faced by lack of waste management infrastructure or
services. This was a reported issue in all districts within the study area.
Most of the surveyed villages are agreeable to making their areas as tourist destinations,
especially in Tuaran, followed by Kota Kinabalu, Papar and Putatan.

3-8

S1030-Vol-1a-2-4

Defining Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies for each MU (defined in Section 1.6) has been derived
following the methodology outlined below, while the methodology applied for the individual
steps is given in the following subsections:

4.1

Identify and describe features

Develop management objectives
Rank features/objectives
Develop management strategies that fulfil the objectives for the feature.

Feature Identification
The baseline report findings from the various sectors have been used in an integrated manner to
assist in the identification of the key features or benefits for each of the MUs. A feature is
something tangible that provides a benefit or service to the society in one way or another.
Shoreline features can relate to the following themes or sectors:

Ecology/ Natural environment

Landscape
Recreation/ tourism
Commercial and agricultural property
Villages/ residential areas
Infrastructure (ports, roads, pipelines, etc.)
Heritage

Examples of specific features along the study area shoreline may include:

Tourism developments
Mangrove swamp
Forested headland
Heritage site
Fish landing site

Examples of aspects that do not constitute a feature include:

A seawall that protects a tourist resort area (the resorts are the feature).
Coastal processes do not constitute a feature, e.g. sediment transport maintaining a beach
that provides a recreational amenity is not a feature; instead the feature would be the beach
with the benefit of providing recreation values to society.

In addition to the listing of the features, a summary of the issues or threats related to the feature
have alsobeen provided for each MU. Issues that may occur for example are where the feature is
at risk from flooding/erosion/accretion or where future development may impact upon a
feature.

4.2

Management Objectives
For each feature, specific objectives which can be used in shoreline management planning have
been defined based on the issues and the benefits provided by that feature. Examples of generic
objectives that have been considered for certain features and issues that have been identified in
a number of MUs throughout the study area are given in Table 4.1

S1030-Vol-1A-2-4

4-1

Table 4.1

Some common issues and objectives formulated in response to features found within the study area MUs.

Feature

Issues associated with feature

Generic Objectives

Recreation and
tourist facilities

Potential loss of tourist and recreational sites

due to erosion

Prevent loss of tourist /recreational facilities

due to erosion

Potential deterioration of tourist and

recreational sites due to water pollution

Maintain viability of tourist sites

Maintain or improve water quality in affected
areas
Avoid locating tourism sites in incompatible
areas

Jetties and fish

landing sites

Potential loss of facilities due to sedimentation

Maintain access to beach/sea

Potential loss of facilities due to erosion

Maintain landing sites in the area.

Prevent loss/damage to facilities due to
erosion

Infrastructure

Potential damage to roads due to erosion

Maintain existing access

Beach and
foreshore

Potential deterioration in condition and

appearance of beach due to erosion

Maintain a beach suitable for recreation

purposes

Potential deterioration in condition and

appearance of beach due water pollution
Coral reefs

Potential for proposed coastal development

works to impact on the corals

Prevent damage to coral reefs

Water pollution from nearby industries

Sedimentation from rivers

4.3

Ranking of Features and Associated Objectives

The objectives may conflict and hence the objectives will need to be ranked, such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective(s).
In order to carry out such a ranking and prioritisation exercise, particularly where stakeholder
feedback is to be sought, a transparent method of prioritising the objectives has been applied.
Hence an evaluation matrix has been developed where, for each MU, the features and issues
which have been listed as part of the baseline phase are then considered and the following key
questions are asked to assess their importance:

4.3.1

Why is this feature important?

This should identify the actual tangible benefits of the feature. The type of benefits may include
but not be limited to the following:

Human/property/community value
Critical habitat/conservation importance
Historical value
Landscape value
Provision of economic growth opportunities (ports/marinas/tourism/recreation/industry).

The importance of the feature should also reflect the scale at which this feature is important, for
example whether it is important on a local, regional, national or international level.

4-2

S1030-Vol-1a-2-4

4.3.2

Who benefits?
The beneficiaries or stakeholders should be identified, for example:

4.3.3

Individuals (i.e. not organisations)

Local residents or people from the immediate catchment area (fishermen, businesses, etc.)
Regional Users regionally important stakeholders (e.g. Sabah Port Authority, District
Councils, Sabah Parks, etc.)
National Users

Is the feature unique?

In order to prioritise the feature, whether or not the feature is common or rare at the spatial
scale for which it is important should be considered, or alternatively, whether this feature can
be substituted or replaced. Features that are rare and not easily replaced or substituted will in
general be ranked as more important compared to common features that are distributed
throughout the study area and/or may easily be replaced or substituted.

4.4

Develop Management Strategies

Management strategies to address the management objectives have been defined and as with
the management objectives, specific rather than generic management strategies have been
developed for each MU based on the identified and prioritised management objectives.
Management strategies have been proposed based on those that best fulfil the top ranked
objectives. For example, if the management objective for a particular MU is to protect both a
recreational beach and a hotel from erosion, the strategy for coastal defence needs to be tailored
to the protection of the hotel while at the same time allowing for recreational activities to be
promoted. In this example, a soft defence strategy may be favoured over a hard coastal defence
structure.
In general, the MU-specific management strategies may include those related to the following:

S1030-Vol-1A-2-4

Setback - specification of the recommended setback for the particular MU

Coastal defence specification of recommended coastal defence option for the MU
Landuse and coastal development recommendations, outline concept plans, including
constraints or best-practice guidelines
Conservation strategies or initiatives.

4-3

Stakeholders Comments and Inputs

As part of setting the management objectives and defining the strategies for the MUs, two
workshops were held with Kumpulan Kerja Pengurusan Garispantai (KKPG). The overall
objectives of the workshops were:
KKPG Workshop 1: To present baseline findings, obtain views/opinions from stakeholders on
management objectives proposed by the consultant for each MU and resolve any conflicting
interests that fundamentally affect the decision making process the ISMP is to support.
KKPG Workshop 2: To obtain views/opinions from stakeholders on management strategies
proposed by the consultant.
Programs and participants for the two workshops are given in subsequent sections.

5.1

KKPG Workshop 1
KKPG Workshop 1 was held on August 28-29, 2012 at The Palace Hotel, Kota Kinabalu. A total of
54 participants from the invited stakeholders registered at the workshop (see Table 5.1for list of
government departments and non-governmental organisationsregistered at the workshop).
Table 5.1

S1030-Vol-1A-2-4

List of government departments and non-governmental organisations registered at KKPG Workshop 1.

No

Department/Organisation

Forestry Department

Marine Department of Malaysia

World Wide Fund (WWF) Malaysia

Ministry of Tourism, Culture & Environment Sabah

Sabah Town & Regional Planning Department

Fishery Department

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Tuaran

Department of Agriculture

Department of Fisheries

10

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Malaysia

11

Department of Agriculture

12

Ministry of Rural Development Sabah

13

Tuaran District Council

14

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Sabah

15

Department of Veterinary Service & Animal Industry

16

Water Resource Management

17

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Penampang

18

Sabah Wetlands

19

Sabah Parks

20

Sabah Museum

21

Institute Development Studies Sabah

22

Papar District Council

23

Department of Industrial Development & Research

24

Department of Environment Sabah

5-1

No

Department/Organisation

25

Sabah Ports & Harbours Department

26

Sabah Economic Planning Unit

27

Land And Survey Department

28

Ministry of Local Government & Housing

29

Sabah Ports Authority

30

Kota Kinabalu City Hall

31

Ministry of Finance

First day of the workshop started at 8.00am with registration of participants and opening
speech from the Director of JPS Malaysia. The consultant presented the overall findings for
Phase 1 of the study with subsequent detailed presentation of features and proposed
management objectives for the coastal cells of Papar, Kota Kinabalu and Tuaran ending the first
half day. The second half of the day, stakeholders were divided into four groups based on
districts (1: Papar 2: Putatan and Penampang 3: Kota Kinabalu, and 4: Tuaran) to discuss and
rank management objectives for their respective areas.
On the second day of the workshop the groups summarised their findings and recommendations
on management objectives and presented these to all workshop particpants allowing for
discussion and input from others. The workshop was at noon closed by the consultant with a
brief description of the next stages of study.
During the workshop stakeholders views/opinions on MU delineation as well as management
objectives were recorded. Prioritisation of management objectives was not completed, however,
values and aspirations on general importance of some features and objectives was gained from
the workshop.

5.2

KKPG Workshop 2
KKPG Workshop 2 was held on October 3-4, 2012 at Promenade Hotel, Kota Kinabalu. A total of
66 participants from the invited stakeholders registered at the workshop (see Table 5.2 for list
of government departments and non-governmental organisations registered at the workshop).
Table 5.2

5-2

List of government departments and non-governmental organisations registered at KKPG Workshop 2.

No

Department/Organisation

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Sabah

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Malaysia

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Penampang

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Papar

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Tuaran

Department of Environment Sabah

Environment Protection Department Sabah

Ministry of Finance Sabah

Fishery Department

10

Fishery Department Papar

11

Fishery Department Tuaran

12

Department of Veterinary Services & Animal Industry

13

Department of Statistic Sabah

14

Department of Industrial Development & Research

S1030-Vol-1a-2-4

No

Department/Organisation

15

Ministry of Local Government & Housing

16

Institute For Development Studies

17

Sabah Tourism Board

18

Marine Department Sabah

19

WWF Malaysia (Sabah Office)

20

Sabah Wetlands Conservation Society

21

Land & Survey Department

22

Sabah Ports Authority

23

Ministry of Industrial Development

24

Forestry Department Sabah

25

Penampang District Council

26

Borneo Marine Research Institute (UMS)

27

Town & Rural Planning Department

28

Tuaran District Council

29

Sabah Economic Planning Unit

30

Petronas

31

Sabah Hotel Association

32

Ministry of Tourism, Culture & Environment Sabah

33

Sabah Ports & Harbour Department

34

Kota Kinabalu City Hall

35

Ministry of Rural Development

36

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Papar

37

Public Works Department (HQ)

38

Sabah Parks

39

Department of Irrigation & Drainage Inanam

First day of the workshop started at 8.00am with registration of participants and opening
speech from the Director of JPS Malaysia. During the first half day the consultant presented the
ranked management objectives, proposed management strategies and a conceptual
beautification and restoration plan for Tg. Aru Beach, Kota Kinabalu. The second half of the day,
stakeholders were divided into four groups based on districts (1: Papar 2: Putatan and
Penampang 3: Kota Kinabalu, and 4: Tuaran) to discuss management strategies.
On the second day of the workshop the groups summarised management strategies and
presented these to all workshop participants allowing for discussion and input from others. The
consultant closed the workshop after lengthy discussion on management strategies for areas
currently facing issues with coastal erosion and flooding.

S1030-Vol-1A-2-4

5-3

S1030-Vol-1A-2-4

References
[1]

Sabah Economic Development and Investment Authority. 2012. Sabah Development

Corridor. URL: http://www.sedia.com.my/About_us.html. Last Updated on 30
September 2012

[2]

Sabah Economic Development and Investment Authority. Undated. The Corridors and
Cities Transformation Programme: Sabah Development Corridor Greater Kota Kinabalu.

6-1

A P P E N D I C E S

S1030-1A-APP-A

A P P E N D I X

Changes to SMP 2005 Management Objectives and Strategies

S1030-1A-APP-A

Contents
A.1
A.2
A.3
A.4

SPECIAL CELL: KIMANIS ..................................................................................................................................... A-1

CELL 5: PAPAR ........................................................................................................................................................ A-1
CELL 6: KOTA KINABALU.................................................................................................................................... A-5
CELL 7: TUARAN .................................................................................................................................................... A-8

Tables
Table A.1
Table A.2
Table A.3
Table A.4

Summary of changes for Special Cell C4: Kimanis in comparison to SMP ................................................................ A-1
Summary of changes for Cell 5: Papar in comparison to SMP....................................................................................... A-1
Summary of changes for Cell 6: Kota Kinabalu in comparison to strategies allocated in SMP ......................... A-5
Summary of changes for Cell 7: Tuaran in comparison to strategies allocated in SMP ....................................... A-8

S1030-1A-APP-A

A.1

SPECIAL CELL: KIMANIS

There are a total of 2 management unit within the cell.
Table A.1

Summary of changes for Special Cell C4: Kimanis.

Sabah SMP

A.2

ISMP

Changes

Justification for Changes

MU Name

Strategy

MU Name

C4-14
Pantai Manis
Sg. Papar

Promoted Low /
Medium Density
Tourism

C4-14
Pantai Manis
Sg. Papar

No changes

C4-15
Papar
Islamic
School

Restricted Existing
or Required
Shoreline Protection

C4-14
Papar
Islamic
School

MU boundary changed

Boundary changed in order

to fully cover the school
compound and its
protection structures.

CELL 5: PAPAR
There are a total of 23 management unit contained within the cell for the ISMP compared to 21
management units in SMP.
Table A.2

Summary of changes for Cell 5: Papar.

Sabah SMP

ISMP

MU Name

Strategy

MU Name

C4-16
Sg. Papar

Prohibited Active
Morphology and
Inundation

C5-01
Kuala Papar

Changes

Justification for Changes

MU boundary changed to
include part of SMP C4-15
MU

To cover area left outside

of SMP C4-15 of Papar
Islamic School

Maintain existing
traditional village

SMP MU boundary did not

include village now
residing on the southern
bank of the river mouth

With the exception of river

mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID) development is
prohibited

Strategy must allow for

works to mitigate
problems affecting
residents

C5-01
Sg. Papar
Sg. Pengalat

Restricted Coastal
Forest Buffer

C5-02
Sg. Papar
Sg. Pengalat

MU southern boundary
extended and northern
boundary retracted.

Boundary extended to
cover mangroves not
included in SMP

C5-01b
Sg. Papar
Sg. Pengalat
(Hinterland)

Prohibited
Environmental
Protection and
Conservation

C5-02b
Immediate
Hinterland

MU boundary updated to
reflect current vegetation
coverage

Boundary extended to
cover mangroves not
included in SMP

Improve existing village

facilities sanitation
Regulate agricultural
practices while maintain
that development within
mangrove to be prohibited

C5-02
Sg. Pengalat
Estuary

Prohibited - Active
Morphology and
Inundation

C5-03
Sg. Pengalat
Estuary

MU boundary extended
south-westward

Boundary extended to
cover the south-western
sand spit

Mangroves to be protected

S1030-1A-APP-A

A-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Sabah SMP
MU Name

ISMP
Strategy

Changes

Justification for Changes

MU Name
Upgrade and improve the
condition of the village
housing
With the exception of river
mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID) development is
prohibited at the river
mouth/sand spit

C5-03
Summer
Bay,
Melinsung

Restricted Housing/Commercial

C5-04
Summer
Bay,
Melinsung

MU split into two.

Restrict to low / medium

density housing,
commercial or tourism
development
C5-04b
Melinsung
Mangroves

Tourism included due to

the relatively stable and
good quality sandy beach

MU split into two

Remaining mangroves to be
protected and no
reclamation allowed

A-2

Strategy must allow for

works to mitigate
problems affecting
residents

A sub-MU was designated

for the extensive inland
mangroves located south
of the housing estate, but
not covered in SMP

C5-04
Tg.
Melinsung

Restricted Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C5-05
Tg.
Melinsung

Development that may

affect headland stability or
require extensive forest
clearing prohibited

C5-05
Tg.
Melinsung Sg. Kawang

Standard
Conditions Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C5-06
Tg.
Melinsung Sg. Kawang

Change of future land use

to low density tourism

C5-06
Sg. Kawang
Mangroves

Prohibited Environmental
Protection and
Conservation

C5-07
Sg. Kawang
Mangroves

Nature-based eco tourism

and/or small scaled non permanent recreational
facilities along the river
banks are allowed, though
any development within
the mangroves and
reclamation is prohibited.

Few recreational centres

are operating within the
river and further
regulation needed to
protect mangroves

With the exception of river

mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID) development is
prohibited at the river
mouth

Strategy must allow for

works to mitigate
problems affecting
residents

S1030-1A-APP-A

Sabah SMP

ISMP

Changes

MU Name

Strategy

MU Name

C5-07
Sg. Kawang Sg. Kinarut

Restricted Traditional Kampung

Zone

C5-08
Sg. Kawang Kg. Kinarut
Laut

MU split into two

C5-09
Kg.Kinarut
Laut to Sg.
Kinarut

MU split into two

SMP prohibit clearing and

development on the
seaward face of the
forested coastal ridge,
whereas ISMP prohibit any
development

Development that may

affect headland stability or
require extensive forest
clearing prohibited

Justification for Changes

To preserve forested ridge

as buffer zone

To preserve forested ridge

as buffer zone

Small scale village housing

only allowed landward of
existing houses

S1030-1A-APP-A

C5-08
Pulau
Dinawan

Restricted Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C5-22
Pulau
Dinawan

No new development to be
allowed

Desirable to maintain
existing natural state of the
island

C5-09
Sg. Kinarut
Mangrove

Prohibited Environmental
Protection and
Conservation

C5-10
Sg. Kinarut
Mangrove

With the exception of river

mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID) development is
prohibited at the river
mouth

Strategy must allow for

works to mitigate
problems affecting
residents

C5-10
Palm Beach

Restricted
Development Existing or Required
Shoreline Protection

C5-11
Palm Beach
Kinarut

Development prohibited
except for reinforcement of
existing coastal protection
structures

MU is fully developed

C5-11
Borneo
Paradise
Resort

Standard
Conditions Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C5-12
Kinarut
Beach

No changes

C5-12
Borneo
Paradise Lok Kawi
Army Base

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Housing

C5-13
Kg. Karang
to Lok Kawi
Army Base

Expansion of water village

to be restricted

Lack of proper sewage

treatment

C5-13
Proposed
Meruntum
Lok Kawi
Tourism
Cluster

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Tourism

C5-14
Lok Kawi
Tourism
Cluster
Phase I

No change in strategy

Both MU is not being

combined based on
DID/EPD request

C5-14
Proposed
Meruntum
Lok Kawi
Tourism
Cluster

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Tourism

C5-15
Lok Kawi
Tourism
Cluster
Phase II

No change in strategy

C5-15
Meruntum
Lagoon

Prohibited Environmental
Protection and

C5-16
Meruntum
Lagoon

With the exception of river

mouth improvement work
to address issues on

Strategy must allow for

works to mitigate
problems affecting

A-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Sabah SMP

ISMP

MU Name

Strategy

MU Name

North

Conservation

North

C5-16
Sg. Putatan Tg. Dumpil

Restricted - Existing
or Required
Shoreline Protection

C5-17
Sg. Putatan
to Tg.
Dumpil

Changes

Justification for Changes

flooding (subject to
approval of detailed
hydraulic study by DID)
development is prohibited
Relocation or
transformation of water
village

residents

MU split into two and area

landward of coastal road
excluded

A separate MU designated
for headland
Road serves as boundary
limit

Lack of proper sewage

treatment

Reclamations along the

river prohibited

C5-18
Tg. Dumpil

C5-17
Tg. Dumpil
to Sg.
Petagas

Restricted Housing/Commercial

C5-19
Tg. Dumpil
to Sg.
Petagas

With the exception of river

mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID) development is
prohibited at the river
mouth

Strategy must allow for

works to mitigate
problems affecting
residents

MU split into two and area

landward of coastal road
excluded

A separate MU designated
for headland.

Development that may

affect headland stability or
require extensive forest
clearing prohibited

To preserve headland
stability and aesthetic
value

MU boundary changed and

the KKIA complex located
north of Sg. Petagas
excluded
Shoreline retreat to be
managed by setback for
undeveloped coastline with
development interrupting
the coastal processes being
prohibited
River mouth improvement
work to address issues on
navigation and flooding
required

C5-18
Kota
Kinabalu
International
Airport

Restricted - Existing
or Required
Shoreline Protection

C5-20
Kota
Kinabalu
International
Airport

No changes in strategy

Sub MU C5-20b of runway

extension is kept based on
DID/EPD request

C5-19
Tanjung Aru
Beaches

Promoted Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C5-21
Tanjung Aru
Beach

MU boundary changed and

land landward of the road
excluded

Road serves as boundary

limit

No changes in strategy

A-4

S1030-1A-APP-A

A.3

CELL 6: KOTA KINABALU

There are a total of 22 management unit contained within the cell for the ISMP compared to 25
management units in SMP.
Table A.3

Summary of changes for Cell 6: Kota Kinabalu.

Sabah SMP

S1030-1A-APP-A

ISMP

Changes

Justification for Changes

MU Name

Strategy

MU Name

C6-01
Shangri-Las
Tanjung Aru
Resort

Promoted - High
Density Tourism

C6-01
Shangri-Las
Tanjung Aru
Resort
(STAR)

Maintain high density

tourism development

Land within the MU is fully

developed and shall
maintain the high density
tourism development
instead of promoting

C6-02
Kg. Tanjung
Aru to
Sutera
Harbour

Promoted Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C6-02
Kg. Tanjung
Aru to
Sutera
Harbour

Water village to be
relocated. As a temporary
measure proper sewage
treatment and wastage
handling is required.

To improve water quality

and prevent trapping of
wastage-

C6-02b
Tanjung Aru
urban area

Restricted
Development Housing/Commercial

Excluded from the study

Housing and commercial

lots behind the water
village is delineated by
roads and have no related
coastal issues

C6-03
Sutera
Harbour/Se
mbulan

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Tourism

C6-03
Sutera
Harbour/Se
mbulan

No changes

C6-04
KK Times
Square

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Commercial

C6-04
KK Times
Square

No changes

C6-05
Central Bus
station

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Commercial

C6-05
Central Bus
station

No changes

C6-06
KK City
Centre

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Commercial

C6-06
Kota
Kinabalu
Waterfront

No further land
reclamations allowed

To avoid trapping of
rubbish

Streamlining of waterfront
between Suria / Jesselton
Point recommend (no
seaward reclamation)

C6-07
KK Port

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Commercial

C6-07
Kota
Kinabalu
Port

No changes

C6-08
Tunku Abdul
Rahman
Marine Park

Restricted Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C6-21
Tunku Abdul
Rahman
Marine Park
(TARP)

No changes

C6-09
Gaya Island

Restricted Traditional Kampung

Zone

C6-22
Gaya Island

Relocate water village and

promote low to medium
density tourism
development.

To pave way for tourism

developments

A-5

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Sabah SMP

ISMP

Changes

Justification for Changes

MU Name

Strategy

MU Name

C6-09b
Tg. Logong

Prohibited Environmental
Protection and
Conservation

C6-22b
Tg. Logong

No changes

C6-09c
Gayana
Island
Resort

Standard
Conditions Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C6-22c
Gayang
Island
Resort

No changes

C6-10
Tg. LipatLikas Beach

Restricted - Existing
or Required
Shoreline Protection

C6-08
Tg. Lipat to
Likas Beach

Development prohibited
except for reinforcement of
existing coastal protection
structures, jogging or
cycling path

Shoreline is popular spot

for local to view sunset as
well as fishing.
Jogging and cycling path
can further enhance
recreational activities

C6-11
Likas Beach Anjung
Selera

Standard
Conditions Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C6-09
Likas Beach
to Anjung
Selera

MU boundary extended to
include a part of adjacent
unit i.e. SMP MU C6-12

Covering the full length of

Likas beach

Beach beautification and

restoration recommended

Wider beach will increase

wave exposure and
improve beach quality

C6-12
Sg. Inanam
Mangroves

Prohibited Environmental
Protection and
Conservation

C6-10
Sg. Inanam
Mangroves

MU boundary changed to
reflect current mangrove
coverage
With the exception of river
mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID) development is
prohibited at the river
mouth

C6-13
Sg. Inanam Kg. Layang

Restricted - Coastal
Forest Buffer

C6-11
Sg. Inanam
to Kg.
LayangLayang

MU boundary extended
northward to include a part
of adjacent unit i.e. SMP MU
C6-14

Extended till Tg. Tarak

Tarak headland.

No changes in strategy
C6-14
Kg. Tarak
Tarak to Sg.
Menggatal

Restricted Rural/Kampung
Tourism

C6-12
Kg. Tarak
Tarak to Sg.
Menggatal

Development that may

affect ridge/headland
stability or require
extensive forest clearing
prohibited

To preserve ridge stability

and aesthetic value

Land reclamations no
allowed

A-6

S1030-1A-APP-A

Sabah SMP

ISMP

MU Name

Strategy

C6-15
Sg.
Menggatal
Estuary

Prohibited
Environmental
Protection
Conservation

Changes

Justification for Changes

MU Name
and

C6-13
Sg.
Menggatal
Estuary

MU boundary updated
according to current land
uses
With the exception of river
mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID)
development
is
prohibited at the river
mouth

C6-16
UiTM
Campus

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Commercial

C6-14
UiTM
Campus

No changes

C6-17
Sapangar
Bay
Industrial
Area

Standard
Conditions - Heavy
Industry

C6-15
Sapangar
Bay
Industrial
Area

No changes

C6-18
Sapangar
Light
Industry

Standard
Conditions - Light
Industry

C6-16
Sapangar
Fish Factory

MU boundary extended to
include a part of adjacent
unit i.e. SMP MU C6-19

Strategy must allow for

works
to
mitigate
problems
affecting
residents

Extended till
Naval Base

Sapangar

No changes in strategy
C6-19
Sapangar
Naval Base

Prohibited
National
Security
Area

C6-17
Sapangar
Naval Base

No changes

C6-20
Abassa
Quarry

Restricted
Industry

C6-18
Ocean
Quarry

No changes

C6-21
Pulau
Sapangar

Restricted
Traditional Kampung
Zone

C6-20
Pulau
Sapangar

Conserve live corals

Aquaculture
is
alternative income
villagers

an
for

Regulate
aquaculture
activities (fish cage)
C6-22
Tg. Gaya and
Tg. Kaitan

S1030-1A-APP-A

Prohibited
Environmental
Protection
Conservation

and

C6-19
Tg. Gaya and
Tg. Kaitan

No change in strategy, but

any development is subject
to state cabinet approval
follow
completion
of
detailed EIA study. Any
development
proposed
must be low density
(limited disturbance of
vegetation) with structures
within the canopy and not
destroy the aesthetic value
of the headlands.

The headlands and ridges

are attractive for tourism
development

A-7

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

A.4

CELL 7: TUARAN
There are a total of 13 management unit contained within the cell for the ISMP compared to 12
management units in SMP.
Table A.4

Summary of changes for Cell 7: Tuaran.

Sabah SMP

ISMP

MU Name

Strategy

MU Name

C7-01
Karambunai

Standard
Conditions - High
Density Tourism

C7-01
Nexus
Karambunai

Changes

Justification for Changes

MUt boundary updated by

MU boundary was revised

excluding the

to cover only until the villa

estuary(included in C7-

estate.

02c) and sand spit

(included in C7-02).
No change in strategy.
C7-02
Kuala
Karambunai
& Estuaries

Prohibited - Active
Morphology and
Inundation

C7-02
Kuala
Karambunai

MU boundary was updated,

The extension of the MU

to include the estuary and

better reflects the active

sand spitfrom MU7-01 of

morphology and provides

the SMP.

coverage of the entire

estuary.

With the exception of river

mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID) development is
prohibited

Strategy must allow for

works to mitigate
problems affecting
residents.

Otherwise no change in
strategy.
MUC7-02b
Petronas
Complex

Restricted
Development - Light
Industry
Further development
of industry in this
area should be
prohibited along the
immediate estuary.

C7-02b
Petronas Gas
Complex

MU boundary was updated,

MU boundary was reduced

to include only the

to cover only the complex

Petronas Gas Complex.

where as the remaining

area to be included in C702d

No change in strategy
MUC7-02c
Salut &
Mengkabong
Estuaries

Prohibited Environmental
Protection and
Conservation
Mangroves in the
Mengkabong area
are still relatively
intact and should be
gazetted. Issue of
existing land titles
needs to be resolved.

C7-02c
Salut
Mengkabung
Estuaries

MU boundary was updated

to reflect the current
coverage of mangroves.
Allow for fish cage culture

Water space within the MU

which does not involves

has potential for further

mangroves clearing

fish culture expansion but

subject to carrying capacity
studies

No change in strategy in
relation to mangroves

A-8

S1030-1A-APP-A

Sabah SMP
MU Name
-

ISMP
Strategy

Changes

Justification for Changes

Additional MU to include

This MU was allocated to

wider coverage of land use

accommodate the features

on the inner part of the

found within the Gayang

estuary.

and its surrounding area

MU Name
-

C7-02d
Gayang

which

may

impact the

estuary
Regulate

aquaculture

activities, improve village

condition and allow for low
to medium sized industry
development within KKIP.
C7-03
Rasa
Resort

Ria

Restricted - High
Density Tourism

C7-03
Shangri-La's
Rasa
Ria
Resort

Development restricted to

The

low to medium density

restrict futurehigh density

tourism

tourism

development

instead of high density.

SMPstrategy

isto

development,

which suggests that any

future development should
resort to low or medium
density.

C7-03b
Tg. Badak

Standard
Conditions
Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C7-03c
Kg. Trayong
C7-04
Kuala
Tambalang

C7-05
Kuala
Tambalang
to Sulaman
Estuary

C7-03b
Estuary
between Tg.
Badak and
Kg. Trayong

No changes

Restricted
Traditional Kampung
Zone

C7-03c
Kg. Trayong

No changes

Prohibited - Active
Morphology
and
Inundation

C7-04
Kuala
Tambalang

With the exception of river

mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID)
development
is
prohibited

Strategy must allow for

MU boundary changed and

Kuala

Sg. Tuaran river mouth

mouth with critical sand

excluded.

mining issue should be

Restricted
Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C7-05
Sabandar
Beach

works

to

problems

mitigate
affecting

residents.

Tuaran

as

river

allocated a separate MU
No change in strategy
C7-06
Kuala
Tuaran

New MU(previously part of

C7-05 and C7-05b).
Protect

and

gazette

mangroves
With the exception of river
mouth improvement work
to

address

navigation
(subject to

issues
and

on

flooding

approval

of

detailed hydraulic study by

DID)

development

is

prohibited

S1030-1A-APP-A

A-9

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Sabah SMP
MU Name

ISMP
Strategy

Changes

Justification for Changes

MU Name
C7-07
Mimpian
Jadi Resort

New MU (previously part of

C7-05).
No change in strategy

C7-05b
Tambalang
Mangroves

Prohibited
Environmental
Protection
Conservation

and

C7-05b
Tambalang
Estuary
Mangroves

MU boundary changed and

northern section along Sg.
Tuaran excluded

Instead included in the

new MU for Kuala Tuaran
(MU C7-06).

Existing strategies apply

With the exception of river
mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID)
development
is
prohibited
C7-06
Sulaman
Estuary

Restricted - Nature
Tourism

C7-08
Sulaman
Estuary

Existing strategies apply

Prohibit any reclamation

within the estuary and tidal
inlet

Maintain the tidal prism of

the estuary

Restrict to low or medium

density
tourism
developments as well as
aquaculture (fish cage
culture) which does not
involve mangrove clearing,
building
related
to
education or eco-tourism,
mangrove walk ways

C7-07
Sulaman
Peninsula

A-10

Standard
Conditions
Low/Medium
Density Tourism

C7-09
Sulaman
Peninsula

With the exception of river

mouth improvement work
to address issues on
navigation and flooding
(subject to approval of
detailed hydraulic study by
DID)
development
is
prohibited at the river
mouth

Strategy must allow for

Preservation

of

works

to

problems

mitigate
affecting

residents

current

Tourism development shall

beach condition and buffer

maintain aesthetic value of

zone

shoreline

and

allocate

sufficient buffer zone

S1030-1A-APP-A

A P P E N D I C E S

62800515-RPT-1A-APP-B

A P P E N D I X

ISMP Future Land Use

62800515-RPT-1A-APP-B

Contents
B.1
B.2
B.3
B.4

SPECIAL CELL: KIMANIS ...................................................................................................................... B-1

CELL 5: PAPAR .........................................................................................................................................................B-1
CELL 6: KOTA KINABALU.....................................................................................................................................B-3
CELL 7: TUARAN .....................................................................................................................................................B-4

Tables
Table B.1
Table B.2
Table B.3
Table B.4

Future land use for Special Cell C4: Kimanis in comparison to SMP. ......................................................................... B-1
Future land use for Cell 5: Papar in comparison to SMP. ................................................................................................ B-1
Future land use for Cell 6: Kota Kinabalu in comparison to SMP................................................................................. B-3
Future land use for Cell 7: Tuaran in comparison to SMP. ............................................................................................. B-4

62800515-RPT-1A-APP-B

B.1

SPECIAL CELL: KIMANIS

TableB.1

Future land usefor Special Cell C4: Kimanis.

ISMP
MU Name

Future Land Use

C4-14
Pantai Manis Sg. Papar

y
y

C4-14
Papar Islamic School

B.2

Low and medium density tourism developments with sufficient setback

limit.
Public recreational facilities and amenities.
Development prohibited except for reinforcement of existing coastal
protection structures.

CELL 5: PAPAR
Table B.2

Future land use for Cell 5: Papar.

ISMP
MU Name
C5-01
Kuala Papar

Future Land Use

y
y
y

C5-02
Sg. Papar Sg. Pengalat

y
y

Restricted to low / medium density tourism development outside coastal

forest buffer zones.
Within buffer zones, only small scale developments of public recreation
facilities or amenities allowed.

C5-02b
Immediate Hinterland

Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism and mangrove walk ways.

C5-03
Sg. Pengalat Estuary

Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism, mangrove walk ways.
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
only subject to state cabinet approval.

C5-04
Summer Bay, Melinsung

Restricted to low / medium density housing, commercial or tourism

development.

C5-04b
Melinsung Mangroves

Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism and mangrove walk ways.

C5-05
Tg. Melinsung

y
y

Extensive forest clearing and developments that may affect headland

stability prohibited.
Restricted to low / medium density tourism development.

C5-06
Tg. Melinsung - Sg. Kawang

Low density tourism development.

C5-07
Sg. Kawang Mangroves

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent recreation

facilities or amenities, building related to education or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways.
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.

62800515-RPT-1A-APP-B

Development prohibited except for small scale non - permanent public

recreational facilities or amenities.
Maintain existing traditional village.
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
only subject to state cabinet approval.

B-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

ISMP
MU Name

Future Land Use

C5-08
Sg. Kawang - Kg. Kinarut Laut

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent recreation

facilities or amenities, building related to education or eco-tourism.

C5-09
Kg.Kinarut Laut to Sg. Kinarut

y
y

Extensive forest clearing and developments that may affect headland

stability prohibited.
Small scale village housing landward of existing houses allowed.

C5-22
Pulau Dinawan

Restricted to low / medium density tourism development.

C5-10
Sg. Kinarut Mangrove

Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism, mangrove walk ways
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.

C5-11
Palm Beach Kinarut

Development prohibited except for reinforcement of existing coastal

protection structures.

C5-12
Kinarut Beach

Low / medium density tourism development.

C5-13
Kg. Karang to Lok Kawi Army
Base

y
y

Expansion of water village restricted.

High density housing development behind water village.

C5-14
Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster
Phase I

High density tourism development with limited impacts onto nearby MUs
of C5-12, C5-16 and C5-22

C5-15
Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster
Phase II

High density tourism development with limited impacts onto nearby MUs
of C5-12, C5-16 and C5-22

C5-16
Meruntum Lagoon North

Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism purpose, huts, canopy walks, paths, benches.

C5-17
Sg. Putatan to Tg. Dumpil

Development prohibited except for reinforcement of existing coastal

protection structures.
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.

C5-18
Tg. Dumpil

Development that may destroy headland stability or extensive forest

clearing prohibited.

C5-19
Tg. Dumpil to Sg. Petagas

y
y

Village expansion restricted.

Low / medium density housing or commercial development south of Kg.
Contoh
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.

B-2

C5-20
Kota Kinabalu International
Airport

Development restrictedtoreinforcement of existing coastal protection

structures

C5-21
Tanjung Aru Beach

Low / medium density tourism development

62800515-RPT-1A-APP-B

B.3

CELL 6: KOTA KINABALU

Table B.3

Future land use for Cell 6: Kota Kinabal.

ISMP
MU Name

Future Land Use

C6-01
Shangri-Las Tanjung Aru
Resort (STAR)

High density tourism development

C6-02
Kg. Tanjung Aru to Sutera
Harbour

Low or medium density tourism development with relocation of water

village.
Housing and commercial development at hinterland restricted.

C6-03
Sutera Harbour/Sembulan

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land

reclamation.

C6-04 KK Times Square

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land

reclamation.

C6-05 Central Bus Station

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land

reclamation.

C6-06
Kota Kinabalu Waterfront

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land

reclamation.

C6-07
Kota Kinabalu Port

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land

reclamation.

C6-21
Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine
Park (TARP)

Restricted low / medium density tourism development

C6-22
Gaya Island

Low / medium density tourism development with relocation of

illegal/unregistered settlement.
Restrict water village expansion.

y
C6-22b
Tg. Logong

Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism

C6-22c
Gayana Island Resort

Low / medium density tourism development

C6-08
Tg. Lipat to Likas Beach

Development prohibited and allow only forreinforcement of existing

coastal protection structures, construction of jogging or cycle path

C6-09
Likas Beach to Anjung Selera

Low / medium density tourism development and public recreational

facilities or amenities

C6-09b
Likas Lagoon Wetland

Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism and mangrove walk ways

C6-10
Sg. Inanam Mangroves

Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism and mangrove walk ways.
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.

C6-11
Sg. Inanam to Kg. LayangLayang

y
y
y

C6-12
Kg. Tarak Tarak to Sg.
Menggatal

C6-13
Sg. Menggatal Estuary

62800515-RPT-1A-APP-B

Extensive forest clearing and developments that may affect ridge stability
prohibited.
Small scale developments of public recreation facilities or amenities
allowed inside buffer zones.
Low / medium density tourism development allowed outside coastal forest
buffer zones.
Extensive forest clearing and other development that may affect ridge
stability prohibited.
Landward small scale village housing allowed.
Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism and mangrove walk ways.
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream

B-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

ISMP
MU Name

Future Land Use

flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.

B.4

C6-14 UiTM Campus

High density commercial (Education usage of campus)

C6-15
Sapangar Bay Industrial Area

Heavy industry development

C6-16
Sapangar Fish Factory

Light industry development

C6-17
Sapangar Naval Base

Development prohibited

C6-18
Ocean Quarry

Restrict to light industry development with no expansion of quarry

activities allowed

C6-19
Tg. Gaya and Tg. Kaitan

y
y

Environmental conservation and protection.

Any development is subject to state cabinet approval follow completion of
detailed EIA study. Any development proposed must be low density
(limited disturbance of vegetation) with structures within the canopy and
not destroy the aesthetic value of the headlands.

C6-20
Pulau Sapangar

y
y

Village expansion restricted.

Regulated aquaculture (fish cage culture) activities allowed

CELL 7: TUARAN
Table B.4

Future land use for Cell 7: Tuaran.

ISMP
MU Name

Future Land Use

C7-01
Nexus Karambunai

High density tourism development

C7-02
Kuala Karambunai

Development prohibited except for small scale non - permanent public

recreational facilities or amenities
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.

C7-02b
Petronas Gas Complex

y
y

Restricted to light industry development.

Further development of industry in this area should be prohibited along
the estuary shoreline.

C7-02c
Salut Mengkabung Estuaries

Development prohibited except for fish cage culture which does not
involves mangroves clearing, building related to education or eco-tourism,
mangrove walk ways

C7-02d
Gayang

Low / medium density tourism, housing or commercial development

C7-03
Shangri-La's Rasa Ria Resort

Low / medium density tourism development

C7-03b Estuary between Tg.

Badak and Kg. Trayong

Low / medium density tourism development

C7-03c Kg. Trayong

Village expansion restricted

C7-04
Kuala Tambalang

Development prohibited except for small scale non - permanent public

recreational facilities or amenities
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream

B-4

62800515-RPT-1A-APP-B

ISMP
MU Name

Future Land Use

flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.

C7-05
Sabandar Beach

y
y

C7-06
Kuala Tuaran

y
y

C7-07
Mimpian Jadi Resort

y
y

Development prohibited except for small scale non - permanent public

recreational facilities or amenities
River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.
Low / medium density tourism development outside coastal forest buffer
zones.
Within buffer zones, only allow for small scale developments of public
recreation facilities or amenities.

C7-05b
Tanbalang Estuary Mangroves

Development prohibited except for building related to education or ecotourism, mangrove walk ways

C7-08
Sulaman Estuary

y
y

Development prohibited at tidal inlet and its associated sand spits.

River mouth improvement works to addressnavigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study
and approval by DID. Land use on the banks of the river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement works but
subject to state cabinet approval.
Within estuary,restrict to low or medium density tourism developments as
well as aquaculture (fish cage culture) which does not involve mangroves
clearing, building related to education or eco-tourism, mangrove walk
ways.

C7-09
Sulaman Peninsula

62800515-RPT-1A-APP-B

Within buffer zones, only allow for small scale developments of public
recreation facilities or amenities.
Low / medium density tourism development outside coastal forest buffer
zones.

Low / medium density tourism development

B-5

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar Tuaran)
Volume 1 : Main Volume Part B (Management Objectives
and Strategies)

PY Konsep Perunding Sdn. Bhd.

(150165-U)
Lot 15 & 16, 1st Floor, Block C,
Iramanis Centre, Jalan Lintas,
88450 Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah,
Malaysia

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar Tuaran)
Volume 1 : Main Volume Part B (Management Objectives
and Strategies)

FINAL REPORT
NOVEMBER 2012

Contents
1 MU C4-14: Pantai Manis ................................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.1 Description .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................................. 1-2
1.1.2 Features and Related Issues ................................................................................................................................... 1-4
1.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 1-5
2. MU C4-15: Papar Islamic School ............................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Description ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................................. 2-3
2.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 2-4
3 MU C5-01: Kuala Papar ................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1 Description .................................................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................................. 3-2
3.1.2 Features and Related Issues ................................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 3-4
4 MU C5-02: Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat ......................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Description .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................................. 4-2
4.1.2 Features and Related Issues ................................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 4-5
5 MU C5-02b: Immediate Hinterland of Pengalat .................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Description .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ................................................................................................................................................. 5-2
5.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................................. 5-2
5.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ........................................................................................................... 5-3
6 MU C5-03: Sg. Pengalat Estuary ................................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1 Description ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ................................................................................................................................................ 6-2
6.1.2 Features and Related Issues ................................................................................................................................. 6-3
6.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .......................................................................................................... 6-3
7 MU C5-04: Summer Bay Melinsung ........................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.1 Description .................................................................................................................................................................................. 7-1
7.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ................................................................................................................................................. 7-2
7.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................................. 7-3
7.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ........................................................................................................... 7-4
8 MU C5-04b: Melinsung Mangroves .......................................................................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Description .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8-1
8.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ................................................................................................................................................. 8-2
8.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................................. 8-2
8.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ........................................................................................................... 8-3
9 MU C5-05: Tg. Melinsung ............................................................................................................................................. 9-1
9.1 Description ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ................................................................................................................................................... 9-2
9.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................................... 9-2
9.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................................. 9-3
10 MU C5-06: Tg. Melinsung to Sg. Kawang ............................................................................................................. 10-1
10.1 Description............................................................................................................................................................................... 10-1
S1030-Vol-1B-MU-TOC-16-4

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

10.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 10-2

10.1.2 Features and Related Issues ...................................................................................................................... 10-5
10.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................ 10-5
11 MU C5-07: Sg. Kawang Mangroves ...................................................................................................................... 11-1
11.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11-1
11.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 11-2
11.1.2 Features and Related Issues ....................................................................................................................... 11-3
11.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................. 11-4
12 MU C5-08: Sg. Kawang to Kg. Kinarut Laut ....................................................................................................... 12-1
12.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 12-1
12.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 12-2
12.1.2 Features and Related Issues ....................................................................................................................... 12-2
12.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................ 12-3
13 MU C5-09: Kg. Kinarut Laut to Sg. Kinarut ....................................................................................................... 13-1
13.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 13-1
13.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 13-2
13.1.2 Features and Related Issues ....................................................................................................................... 13-4
13.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................. 13-4
14 MU C5-10: Sg. Kinarut Mangroves ........................................................................................................................ 14-1
14.1 Description ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14-1
14.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ........................................................................................................................................ 14-2
14.1.2 Features and Related Issues ........................................................................................................................ 14-3
14.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................. 14-3
15 MU C5-11: Palm Beach ............................................................................................................................................. 15-1
15.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 15-1
15.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 15-2
15.1.2 Features and Related Issues ........................................................................................................................ 15-4
15.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................. 15-4
16 MU C5-12: Kinarut Beach ........................................................................................................................................ 16-1
16.1 Description ......................................................................................................................................................................... 16-1
16.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 16-2
16.1.2 Features and Related Issues ...........................................................................................................................16-4
16.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................. 16-4
17 MU C5-13: Kg. Karang to Lok Kawi Army Base ............................................................................................... 17-1
17.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17-1
17.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 17-2
17.1.2 Features and Related Issues ....................................................................................................................... 17-3
17.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................. 17-3
18 MU C5-14: Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase I ................................................................................................. 18-1
18.1 Description ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18-1
18.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 18-2
18.1.2 Features and Related Issues ...................................................................................................................... 18-4
18.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................... 18-4
19 MU C5-15: Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase II ................................................................................................ 19-1
19.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19-1
19.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 19-2
19.1.2 Features and Related Issues ........................................................................................................................ 19-3
19.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................. 19-3
20 MU C5-16: Meruntum Lagoon North .................................................................................................................. 20-1
20.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 20-1
20.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 20-2
20.1.2 Features and Related Issues ....................................................................................................................... 20-4
20.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................. 20-5

ii

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21

MU C5-17: Sg. Putatan to Tg. Dumpil ................................................................................................................ 21-1

21.1 Description ......................................................................................................................................................................... 21-1
21.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 21-2
21.1.2 Features and Related Issues ...................................................................................................................... 21-5
21.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................ 21-5

22

MU C5-18: Tg. Dumpil.............................................................................................................................................. 22-1

22.1 Description ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22-1
22.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 22-2
22.1.2 Features and Related Issues ...................................................................................................................... 22-2
22.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................ 22-3

23

MU C5-19: Tg. Dumpil to Sg. Petagas ................................................................................................................. 23-1

23.1 Description ......................................................................................................................................................................... 23-1
23.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 23-2
23.1.2 Features and Related Issues ...................................................................................................................... 23-4
23.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................ 23-5

24 MU C5-20: Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) ............................................................................. 24-1

24.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 24-1
24.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 24-2
24.1.2 Features and Related Issues ........................................................................................................................ 24-3
24.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies.................................................................................................. 24-3
25 MU C5-20b: Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) Runway Extended ..................................... 25-1
25.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 25-1
25.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ........................................................................................................................................ 25-2
25.1.2 Features and Related Issues ......................................................................................................................... 25-2
25.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .................................................................................................. 25-3
26 MU C5-21: Tg. Aru Beach .......................................................................................................................................... 26-1
26.1 Description ........................................................................................................................................................................... 26-1
26.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ........................................................................................................................................ 26-2
26.1.2 Features and Related Issues ......................................................................................................................... 26-5
26.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .................................................................................................. 26-5
27 MU C5-22: Pulau Dinawan ....................................................................................................................................... 27-1
27.1 Description ........................................................................................................................................................................... 27-1
27.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ........................................................................................................................................ 27-2
27.1.2 Features and Related Issues ......................................................................................................................... 27-2
27.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .................................................................................................. 27-3
28 MU C6-01: Shangri-Las Tanjung Aru Resort (STAR) ..................................................................................... 28-1
28.1 Description ............................................................................................................................................................................ 28-1
28.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ......................................................................................................................................... 28-2
28.1.2 Features and Related Issues .......................................................................................................................... 28-2
28.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................... 28-3
29 MU C6-02: Kg. Tanjung Aru to Sutera Harbour ................................................................................................ 29-1
29.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ........................................................................................................................................ 29-2
29.1.2 Features and Related Issues ......................................................................................................................... 29-2
29.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................................... 29-3
30 MU C6-03: Sutera Harbour/Sembulan ................................................................................................................ 30-1
30.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................................................... 30-1
30.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ........................................................................................................................................ 30-2
30.1.2 Features and Related Issues ......................................................................................................................... 30-2
30.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .................................................................................................. 30-3
31MU C6-04: KK Times Square ...................................................................................................................................... 31-1
31.1 Description............................................................................................................................................................................... 31-1
31.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ........................................................................................................................................... 31-2
31.1.2 Features and Related Issues ........................................................................................................................... 31-2
S1030-Vol-1B-MU-TOC-16-4

iii

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

31.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................ 31-3

32

MU C6-05: Central Bus Station ............................................................................................................................. 32-1

32.1 Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 32-1
32.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 32-2
32.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 32-2
32.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 32-3

33 MU C6-06: Kota Kinabalu Waterfront ................................................................................................................ 33-1

33.1 Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 33-1
33.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 33-2
33.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 33-4
33.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 33-5
34MU C6-07: Kota Kinabalu Port.................................................................................................................................. 34-1
34.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 34-1
34.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 34-2
34.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 34-2
34.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 34-3
35 MU C6-08: Tg.Lipat to Likas Beach ....................................................................................................................... 35-1
35.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 35-1
35.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 35-2
35.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 35-3
35.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................... 35-3
36MU C6-09: Likas Beach to Anjung Selera .............................................................................................................. 36-1
36.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 36-1
36.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ................................................................................................................................... 36-2
36.1.2 Features and Related Issues ................................................................................................................... 36-4
36.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................. 36-4
37 MU C6-09b: Likas Lagoon ........................................................................................................................................ 37-1
37.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 37-1
37.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 37-2
37.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 37-3
37.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 37-3
38 MU C6-10: Sg. Inanam Mangroves ........................................................................................................................ 38-1
38.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 38-1
38.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 38-2
38.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 38-3
38.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 38-3
39 MU C6-11: Sg. Inanam to Kg. Layang-Layang ................................................................................................... 39-1
39.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 39-1
39.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 39-2
39.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 39-5
39.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 39-5
40 MU C6-12: Kg. Tarak-Tarak to Sg. Menggatal .................................................................................................. 40-1
40.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 40-1
40.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 40-2
40.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 40-4
40.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 40-4
41 MU C6-13: Sg. Menggatal Estuary ........................................................................................................................ 41-1
41.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 41-1
41.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 41-2
41.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 41-3
41.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 41-3
42 MU C6-14: UiTM Campus ......................................................................................................................................... 42-1

iv

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42.1

Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 42-1

42.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 42-1
42.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 42-2
42.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 42-2

43 MU C6-15: Sapangar Bay Industrial Area.......................................................................................................... 43-1

43.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 43-1
43.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 43-2
43.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 43-3
43.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 43-3
44 MU C6-16: Sapangar Fish Factory ........................................................................................................................ 44-1
44.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 44-1
44.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 44-2
44.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 44-4
44.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 44-4
45 MU C6-17: Sapangar Naval Base ............................................................................................................................ 45-1
45.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 45-1
45.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 45-2
45.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 45-3
45.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 45-3
46 MU C6-18: Ocean Quarry ......................................................................................................................................... 46-1
46.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 46-1
46.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 46-2
46.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 46-2
46.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 46-3
47 MU C6-19: Tg. Gaya to Tg. Kaitan ......................................................................................................................... 47-1
47.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 47-1
47.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 47-2
47.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 47-3
47.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 47-3
48 MU C6-20: Sapangar Island .................................................................................................................................... 48-1
48.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 48-1
48.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 48-2
48.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 48-2
48.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 48-3
49 MU C6-21: Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park (TARP) ............................................................................... 49-1
49.1 Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 49-1
49.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 49-2
49.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 49-3
49.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 49-3
50 MU C6-22: Gaya Island ............................................................................................................................................. 50-1
50.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 50-1
50.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 50-2
50.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 50-2
50.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 50-3
51 MU C6-22b: Tg. Logong ............................................................................................................................................. 51-1
51.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 51-1
51.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 51-2
51.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 51-2
51.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 51-3
52 MU C6-22c: Gayana Island Resort ........................................................................................................................ 52-1
52.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 52-1
52.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 52-2
52.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 52-2
S1030-Vol-1B-MU-TOC-16-4

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

52.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................ 52-3

53 MU C7-01: Nexus Karambunai .............................................................................................................................. 53-1
53.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 53-1
53.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 53-2
53.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 53-5
53.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................. 53-6
54 MU C7-02: Kuala Karambunai ............................................................................................................................... 54-1
54.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 54-1
54.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 54-2
54.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 54-5
54.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 54-6
55 MU C7-02b: Petronas Gas Terminal.................................................................................................................... 55-1
55.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 55-1
55.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 55-2
55.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 55-2
55.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 55-3
56 MU C7-02c: Salut Mengkabung Estuaries ...................................................................................................... 56-1
56.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 56-1
56.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 56-2
56.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 56-3
56.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 56-3
57 MU C7-02d: Gayang .................................................................................................................................................... 57-1
57.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 57-1
57.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 57-2
57.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 57-2
57.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 57-3
58 MU C7-03: Shangri La Rasa Ria Resort ........................................................................................................... 58-1
58.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 58-1
58.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 58-2
58.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 58-3
58.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 58-3
59

MU C7-03b: Estuary between Tg. Badak and Kg. Trayong ........................................................................ 59-1
59.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 59-1
59.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 59-2
59.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 59-2
59.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 59-3

60

MU C7-03c: Kg. Trayong ......................................................................................................................................... 60-1

60.1 Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 60-1
60.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 60-2
60.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 60-2
60.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 60-3

61 MU C7-04: Kuala Tambalang .................................................................................................................................. 61-1

61.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 61-1
61.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 61-2
61.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 61-4
61.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 61-4
62 MU C7-05: Sabandar Beach .................................................................................................................................... 62-1
62.1
Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 62-1
62.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 62-3
62.1.2 Features and Related Issues .................................................................................................................... 62-5
62.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 62-6
63

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MU C7-05b: Tambalang Estuary Mangrove .................................................................................................... 63-1

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63.1

Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 63-1

63.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 63-2
63.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 63-3
63.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 63-3

64 MU C7-06: Kuala Tuaran ......................................................................................................................................... 64-1

64.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 64-1
64.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 64-2
64.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 64-4
64.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 64-4
65 MU C7-07: Mimpian Jadi Resort ........................................................................................................................... 65-1
65.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 65-1
65.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 65-2
65.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 65-3
65.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 65-4
66

MU C7-08: Sulaman Estuary .................................................................................................................................. 66-1

66.1 Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 66-1
66.1.1 Key Facts and Issues .................................................................................................................................... 66-2
66.1.2 Features and Related Issues ..................................................................................................................... 66-4
66.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................. 66-4

67 MU C7-09: Sulaman Peninsula .............................................................................................................................. 67-1

67.1
Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 67-1
67.1.1 Key Facts and Issues ................................................................................................................................... 67-2
67.1.2 Features and Related Issues.................................................................................................................... 67-3
67.1.3 Management Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................................. 67-3

S1030-Vol-1B-MU-TOC-16-4

vii

Figures
Figure 1.1
Figure 2.1
Figure 3.1
Figure 4.1
Figure 5.1
Figure 6.1
Figure 7.1
Figure 8.1
Figure 9.1
Figure 10.1
Figure 11.1
Figure 12.1
Figure 13.1
Figure 14.1
Figure 15.1
Figure 16.1
Figure 17.1
Figure 18.1
Figure 18.2
Figure 19.1
Figure 19.2
Figure 20.1
Figure 21.1
Figure 22.1
Figure 23.1
Figure 24.1
Figure 25.1
Figure 26.1
Figure 27.1
Figure 28.1
Figure 29.1
Figure 30.1
Figure 31.1
Figure 32.1
Figure 33.1
Figure 34.1
Figure 34.2
Figure 35.1
Figure 35.2
Figure 36.1
Figure 37.1
Figure 38.1
Figure 39.1
Figure 40.1
Figure 41.1
Figure 42.1
Figure 43.1
Figure 44.1
Figure 44.2
Figure 45-1
Figure 46.1
Figure 47.1
Figure 47.2
Figure 48.1
Figure 48.2
Figure 49.1
S1030-Vol-1B-MU-TOC

MU C4-14 overview map. ..................................................................................................................................... 1-1

MU C4-15 overview map. ..................................................................................................................................... 2-1
MU C5-01 overview map. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-1
MU C5-02 overview map. ..................................................................................................................................... 4-1
MU C5-02b overview map. ................................................................................................................................... 5-1
MU C5-03 overview map. ..................................................................................................................................... 6-1
MU C5-04 overview map. ..................................................................................................................................... 7-1
MU C5-04b overview map. ................................................................................................................................... 8-1
MU C5-05 overview map. ..................................................................................................................................... 9-1
MU C5-06 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 10-1
MU C5-07 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 11-1
MU C5-08 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 12-1
MU C5-09 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 13-1
MU C5-10 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 14-1
MU C5-11 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 15-1
MU C5-12 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 16-1
MU C5-13 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 17-1
MU C5-14 Overview map................................................................................................................................... 18-1
Layout plan for Kinarut Tourism Development Cluster proposed under West Coast SMP. ....... 18-2
MU C5-15 Overview map................................................................................................................................... 19-1
Layout plan for Kinarut Tourism Development Cluster proposed under West Coast SMP. ....... 19-2
MU C5-16 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 20-1
MU C5-17 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 21-1
MU C5-18 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 22-1
MU C5-19 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 23-1
MU C5-20 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 24-1
MU C5-20b overview map. ................................................................................................................................ 25-1
MU C5-21 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 26-1
MU C5-22 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 27-1
MUC6-01 overview map. ................................................................................................................................... 28-1
MU C6-02 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 29-1
MU C6-03 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 30-1
MU C6-04 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 31-1
MU C6-05 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 32-1
MU C6-06 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 33-1
MU C6-07 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 34-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Kota Kinabalu Port (22nd August 2011). .............................................. 34-1
MU C6-08 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 35-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Lipat headland (22nd August 2011). ............................................... 35-1
MU C6-09 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 36-1
MU C6-09b overview map. ................................................................................................................................ 37-1
MU C6-10 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 38-1
MU C6-11 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 39-1
MU C6-12 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 40-1
MU C6-13 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 41-1
MU C6-14 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 42-1
MU C6-15 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 43-1
MU C6-16 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 44-1
Satellite image (2011) showing important features found within MU C6-16. ................................ 44-1
MU C6-17 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 45-1
MU C6-18 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 46-1
MU C6-19 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 47-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Saban, Tg. Gaya and Tg. Kaitan (22ndAugust 2011). ................. 47-1
MU C6-20 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 48-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Sapangar Island, taken in May 2012. .................................................... 48-1
MU C6-21 overview map. .................................................................................................................................. 49-1
i

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Figure 50.1
Figure 51.1
Figure 52.1
Figure 53.1
Figure 53.2
Figure 54.1
Figure 54.2
Figure 55.1
Figure 56.1
Figure 57.1
Figure 58.1
Figure 59.1
Figure 60.1
Figure 61.1
Figure 62.1
Figure 63.1
Figure 64.1
Figure 65.1
Figure 66.1
Figure 67.1

MU C6-22 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................50-1

MU C6-22b overview map. ................................................................................................................................51-1
MU C6-22c overview map. .................................................................................................................................52-1
MU C7-01 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................53-1
Illustration of Karambunai Integrated Resort City (KRIC) courtesy of Karambunai Corp. .........53-5
MU C7-02 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................54-1
Illustration of Karambunai Integrated Resort City (KRIC) courtesy of Karambunai Corp. .........54-5
MU C7-02b overview map. ................................................................................................................................55-1
MU C7-02c overview map. .................................................................................................................................56-1
MU C7-02d overview map. ................................................................................................................................57-1
MU C7-03 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................58-1
MU C7-03b overview map. ................................................................................................................................59-1
MU C7-03c overview map. .................................................................................................................................60-1
MU C7-04 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................61-1
MU C7-05 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................62-1
MU C7-05b overview map. ................................................................................................................................63-1
MU C7-06 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................64-1
MU C7-07 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................65-1
MU C7-08 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................66-1
MU C7-09 overview map. ...................................................................................................................................67-1

Photos
Photo 1.1
Photo 1.2
Photo 1.3
Photo 1.4
Photo 1.5
Photo 2.1
Photo 2.2
Photo 2.3
Photo 3.1
Photo 3.2
Photo 4.1
Photo 4.2
Photo 4.3
Photo 4.4
Photo 4.5
Photo 5.1
Photo 6.1
Photo 7.1
Photo 7.2
Photo 7.3
Photo 8.1
Photo 9.1
Photo 10.1
Photo 10.2

ii

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Papar and Pantai Manis Beach taken on 22nd August
2011. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
Aerial photo view of Pantai Manis beach indicating coastal road is threatened by erosion
(September 2005). ................................................................................................................................................. 1-2
Failing Labuan Blocks at Pantai Manis beach (3rd April 2012.) .............................................................. 1-3
Low lying beach forest backing the beach of Pantai Manis (3rd April 2012). ..................................... 1-3
Nearshore water along Pantai Manis beach which is turbid (3rd April 2012). .................................. 1-4
Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Papar and Papar Islamic School, taken on 22nd August
2011. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
Rock revetment layers (new and old) fronting shoreline of Papar Islamic School (2nd
November 2011). .................................................................................................................................................... 2-2
Nearshore water next to Papar Islamic School which is turbid (2nd November 2011). ................. 2-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Papar taken on 22nd August 2011 (highlighted in red
circle is mangrove cleared for unknown development). ........................................................................... 3-1
Solid waste contamination (top image) and highly turbid water of Kuala Papar southern
sand spit (bottom image). Both images were taken on 2nd November 2011 Low tide. ............... 3-3
Oblique aerial photo view of sandy beach between Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat ( 22nd August
2011). .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
Watermelon farm protected by wood piles (22nd August 2011). ........................................................... 4-2
Mini seawall built in front a private residential (2nd November 2011)................................................ 4-3
Beach forest located along the shoreline of this MU (2nd November 2011). ...................................... 4-3
Small lodge built at a sufficient setback distance from shoreline (2nd November 2011). .............. 4-4
Oblique aerial photo view of hinterland, highlighted by red circle, between Sg. Papar to
Sg. Pengalat (22nd August 2011). ....................................................................................................................... 5-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Pengalat estuary tidal inlet taken on 22nd August 2011. .................. 6-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Summer Bay Melinsung (22nd August 2011). ....................................... 7-1
Wooden piles of destroyed jetty (2nd November 2011). ........................................................................... 7-2
Belt of Casuarina trees along shoreline fronting Summery Bay Melinsung (2nd November
2011). .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7-3
Oblique aerial photo view of mangroves located south adjacent of Melinsung Summer Bay
apartment, highlighted by red circle (22nd August 2011). ........................................................................ 8-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Melinsung headland (22nd August 2011). ....................................... 9-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Beringgis beach (22nd August 2011). ....................................................10-1
Erosion induced falling tree along beach south of Starnis Resort (2nd November 2011). ...........10-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Mu-Toc

Photo 10.3
Photo 10.4
Photo 10.5
Photo 10.6
Photo 11.1
Photo 11.2
Photo 12.1
Photo 13.1
Photo 13.2
Photo 13.3
Photo 14.1
Photo 14.2
Photo 15.1
Photo 15.2
Photo 15.3
Photo 15.4
Photo 16.1
Photo 16.2
Photo 16.3
Photo 16.4
Photo 17.1
Photo 17.2
Photo 18.1
Photo 20.1
Photo 20.2
Photo 20.3
Photo 20.4
Photo 21.1
Photo 21.2
Photo 21.3
Photo 21.4
Photo 21.5
Photo 21.6
Photo 22.1
Photo 23.1
Photo 23.2
Photo 23.3
Photo 23.4
Photo 24.1
Photo 25.1
Photo 26.1
S1030-Vol-1B-MU-TOC

Rock revetment layered with sand at Beringgis Resort (left) and low lying concrete
seawall at private residential between Beringgis Resort and Starnis Reosrt (right). .................. 10-3
Terrestrial vegetation along shoreline fronting north of Beringgis Resort (2nd November
2011). ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10-3
Location of outcrop reefs within nearshore water of MU C5-06 (Satellite Image 2011). ........... 10-4
KK Adventure Center (left) and Starnis Resort (right) located within MU C5-06. (photos
taken on 2nd November 2011). ........................................................................................................................ 10-5
Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Kawang and its mangrove forest (22nd August 2011). ............. 11-1
Inland portion of the Kawang mangroves as divided by the road and railway track. This
remaining inland portion appears more disturbed (Pictured dated to 2004). ............................... 11-2
Oblique aerial photo view of ridge and headland between Sg. Kawang and Kg. Kinarut
Laut (22nd August 2011). ................................................................................................................................... 12-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Kg. Kinarut Laut, south of Sg. Kinarut river mouth. ......................... 13-1
Damaged seawall at Kg. Kinarut Laut (3rd November 2011). ............................................................... 13-2
Erosion affecting coastal vegetation in Kg. Kinarut Laut (3rd November 2011). ............................ 13-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Kinarut river mouth, Kuala Kinarut (22nd August 2011). ....... 14-1
Mature Rhizophora dominates the Sg. Kinarut mangroves (2004)..................................................... 14-2
Oblique aerial photo view of Palm Beach Villa, on the northern bank of Kuala Kinarut
(22nd August 2011). ............................................................................................................................................. 15-1
Shallow sand bar formed fronting coastline of Palm Beach Villa (2nd November 2011). ............ 15-2
Failing rock revetment at Palm Beach (2nd November 2011). .............................................................. 15-3
Remaining mangroves from the Palm Beach housing development (13th September 2004). ... 15-4
Oblique aerial photo view of Kinarut Beach (22nd August 2011). ....................................................... 16-1
Exposed tree roots along Kinarut Beach indicating on-going erosion (2nd November
2011). ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16-2
Seaside Travellers built north of Langkah Syabas Resort with setback distance less than
20 meters (2nd November 2011). .................................................................................................................... 16-2
Drains discharging untreated grey water from nearby resort and house into open sea (2nd
November 2011) .................................................................................................................................................. 16-3
Oblique aerial photo view of the narrow lagoon sandwiched by the reclamation block and
Lok Kawi town (22nd August 2011). .............................................................................................................. 17-1
Kg. Karang located behind Lok Kawi reclamation land (left, 22ndAugust 2011) and poor
coastal water condition within the lagoon (right, 3rd November 2011)............................................ 17-2
Rock revetment layered around the reclaimed land parcel (3rd November 2011). ...................... 18-3
Meruntum Lagoon, with forested sand spit to the south and mangroves in the north.
Oblique aerial photo dated of 22nd August 2011. ...................................................................................... 20-1
Eroding shoreline at sand spit of Meruntum lagoon resulted in fell tree (3rd November
2011). ....................................................................................................................................................................... 20-2
Rock revetment layer protecting the KK Papar coastal highway (3rd November 2011). ......... 20-3
Mangrove forests within Meruntum lagoon (3rd November 2011). ................................................... 20-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Putatan river mouth till Bay View Villa housing estate
(22nd August 2011). ............................................................................................................................................. 21-1
River bank slope failure at north of Sg. Putatan river mouth (3rdNovember 2011). .................... 21-2
Strip of narrow beach fronting the abandoned jetty rock revetment (3rd November 2011). .... 21-3
Rock revetment layer backed by seawall along JKR Complex (3rd November 2011). .................. 21-3
Rock armour layer along Bay View Villa housing estate (3rd November 2011). ............................ 21-3
Stream outlet north of JKR Complex discharging poor water quality into nearshore water
(3rd November 2011). ......................................................................................................................................... 21-4
Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Dumpil headland (22nd August 2011). .......................................... 22-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Petagas river mouth and its south adjacent coastline
(22nd August 2011). ............................................................................................................................................. 23-1
Failed seawall at Kg. Contoh Petagas (3rd November 2011).................................................................. 23-2
Poor water quality at drain outlet within Kg. Contoh Petagas coastal houses (3rd
November 2011). ................................................................................................................................................. 23-3
Balai Cerap Al-Biruni, south of Kg. Contoh Petagas (3rd November 2011). ...................................... 23-4
Oblique aerial photo view of KKIA runway (22nd August 2011). ......................................................... 24-2
Oblique aerial photo view of KKIA runway extension (22nd August 2011). .................................... 25-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Aru Beach (22nd August 2011). ........................................................ 26-2
iii

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 26.2
Photo 26.3
Photo 26.4
Photo 26.5
Photo 27.1
Photo 28.1
Photo 29.1
Photo 30.1
Photo 31.1
Photo 32.1
Photo 33.1
Photo 33.2
Photo 33.3
Photo 33.4
Photo 36.1
Photo 36.2
Photo 36.3
Photo 36.4
Photo 37.1
Photo 37.2
Photo 38.1
Photo 39.1
Photo 39.2
Photo 39.3
Photo 39.4
Photo 39.5
Photo 40.1
Photo 40.2
Photo 40.3
Photo 40.4
Photo 41.1
Photo 41.2
Photo 43.1
Photo 44.1
Photo 44.2
Photo 44.3
Photo 45.1
Photo 45.2
Photo 46.1
Photo 49.1
Photo 50.1
Photo 51.1
Photo 52.1

iv

Failed seawall and sheet of piles at Tg. Aru 3rd beach (4th November 2011). ..................................26-3
Casuarina tree at Tg. Aru 1st beach (4th November 2011). .....................................................................26-3
Poor water quality discharged from food stalls drainage along Tg. Aru Beach (4th
November 2011). ..................................................................................................................................................26-4
Food stalls centre at Tg. Aru Beach, Anjung Perdana (4th November 2011). ...................................26-4
Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Dinawan (2002). ..............................................................................27-1
Oblique aerial photo view of STAR at Tg. Aru headland (22nd August 2011). .................................28-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Kg. Tanjung Aru, north of STAR (MUC6-01). Photo dated 22nd
August 2011............................................................................................................................................................29-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Sutera Harbour Resort and KK Time Square (22nd August
2011). ........................................................................................................................................................................30-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Sutera Harbour Resort and KK Time Square (22nd August
2011). ........................................................................................................................................................................31-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Central Bus Station (22nd August 2011). ..............................................32-1
Oblique aerial photo view of KK City Waterfront (22nd August 2011). ..............................................33-1
Top image; Sabah Park owned jetty fronting Wisma Merdeka mall. Bottom image; Jetty
fronting KK Central Market (Both photos dated 6th September 2012). .............................................33-2
The newly refurbished Anjung Selera (6th September 2012). ...............................................................33-3
Fishing boats docking in front of KK Central Market (6th September 2012). ...................................33-4
Oblique aerial photo view of Likas Beach within Likas Bay (22nd August 2011). ...........................36-1
Rock groynes, highlighted in red circles, built at the northern end of Likas Bay (22nd
August 2011). .........................................................................................................................................................36-2
Belt of Casuarina trees along Likas Beach (4th November 2011). ........................................................36-3
Solid wastes pollution along beach fronting Anjung Selera (4th November 2011). .......................36-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Likas Lagoon, highlighted by red circle (22nd August 2011). ........37-1
Likas Lagoon within MU C6-07b (6th September 2012). .........................................................................37-2
Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Inanam river mouth and its associated tributary (22nd
August 2011). .........................................................................................................................................................38-1
Oblique aerial photo view of coastline from Kuala Inanam towards Tg. Lita (22nd August
2011). ........................................................................................................................................................................39-2
Oblique aerial photo view of coastline from Tg. Lita towards UMS Jetty (22nd August
2011). ........................................................................................................................................................................39-2
Pocket beach located north of UMS Jetty (4th November 2011). ..........................................................39-3
Sloped concrete slab revetment (seawall)l fronting the coastline of Menara Tun Mustapha
(4th November 2011). ..........................................................................................................................................39-3
UMS Jetty of concrete piled type (4th November 2011). ..........................................................................39-4
Oblique aerial photo view from Tg. Tarak Tarak to Sg. Menggatal river mouth (22nd
August 2011). .........................................................................................................................................................40-1
Narrow beach along Kg. Kabagu (4th November 2011). ..........................................................................40-2
Solid waste contaminated the narrow beach fronting Kg. Kabagu (4th November 2011). ..........40-3
Water village located at the southern bank of Kuala Menggatal (4th November 2011)................40-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Menggatal and its downstream catchment (22nd
August 2011). .........................................................................................................................................................41-1
Mangrove clearing for road development in the Menggatal mangrove swamp (2003). ..............41-2
Oblique aerial photo view of southern end of Sapangar Bay (22ndAugust 2011). ..........................43-1
Rock revetment layer built next to the shipyard terminal (4th November 2011)...........................44-2
Shipyard terminal located adjacent to Sapangar Naval Base (4th November 2011). .....................44-3
Water village of Kg. Gantian located behind the coastal road (4th November 2011). ...................44-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Sapangar Naval Base and the nearby Pulau Udar Kecil (22nd
August 2011). .........................................................................................................................................................45-1
Aerial photo view of Pulau Udar Kecil, which is connected to mainland by a causeway link
(22nd August 2011)...............................................................................................................................................45-2
Oblique aerial photo view of the quarry, located between Sapangar Naval Base and Tg.
Saban (22nd August 2011)..................................................................................................................................46-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Manukan, Mamutik and Sulug (22nd August 2011). .............49-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Gaya and KK City (22nd August 2011). ......................................50-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Gaya and KK City (22nd August 2011). ......................................51-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Gaya and KK City (22nd August 2011). ......................................52-1

S1030-Vol-1b-Mu-Toc

Photo 53.1
Photo 53.2
Photo 53.3
Photo 53.4
Photo 53.5
Photo 54.1
Photo 54.2
Photo 54.3
Photo 54.4
Photo 55.1
Photo 56.1
Photo 57.1
Photo 58.1
Photo 58.2
Photo 59.1
Photo 60.1
Photo 61.1
Photo 61.2
Photo 61.3
Photo 62.1
Photo 62.2
Photo 62.3
Photo 62.4
Photo 62.5
Photo 63.1
Photo 64.1
Photo 64.2
Photo 64.3
Photo 64.4
Photo 65.1
Photo 65.2
Photo 65.3
Photo 66.1
Photo 66.2
Photo 66.3
Photo 67.1
S1030-Vol-1B-MU-TOC

Oblique aerial photo view of Nexus Karambunai Resort, north of Tg. Kaitan (22nd August
2011). ....................................................................................................................................................................... 53-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Nexus Residence Karambunai, north of Nexus Karambunai
Resort (22nd August 2011). ............................................................................................................................... 53-2
Temporary and solid large seawall structures built along several stretches of the villa
beach front with observed significant lee-side erosion, back scouring of structures and
structural damage (17th January 2011). ....................................................................................................... 53-3
Smaller seawall structures built along two stretches in front of Nexus Karambunai resort
with observed lee-side erosion and back scouring of structures (17th January 2011). ............... 53-3
Beach forest along shoreline between Nexus Karambunai Resort and Nexus Residence
Karambunai (17th January 2012).................................................................................................................... 53-4
Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Karambunai (22nd August 2011) and the important
features found within the MU. ......................................................................................................................... 54-1
Alongshore view at northern Karambunai Beach, falling vegetation indicating significant
erosion (17th January 2012). ............................................................................................................................ 54-2
Sand washed over a weak section of the spit by severe run-up events indicating potential
for breach. Left: aerial photo from April 2011 before run-up event. Right and lower: Photo
from site visit on 17th January 2011, after run-up event. ....................................................................... 54-3
Beach forests found at Tg. Karambunai (top image) and northern Karambunai Beach
(bottom image). Photos were taken on 17th January 2012. ................................................................... 54-4
Oblique aerial photo view showing location of Petronas Gas Terminal (22nd August 2011)..... 55-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Salut Mengkabung estuaries taken on 22nd August 2011........... 56-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Karambunai taken on 22nd August 2011 and location
of Gayang sub MU behind the estuary inlet. ................................................................................................ 57-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Shangri La Rasa Ria Resort and Tg. Dalit taken on 22nd
August 2011. .......................................................................................................................................................... 58-1
Low lying beach forest backing the beach south of Rasa Ria Resort (5th November 2011). ...... 58-2
Oblique aerial photo view of MU C7-03b (taken on 22nd August 2011) located between Tg.
Badak and Kg. Trayong along Sg. Mengkabung estuary.......................................................................... 59-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Kg. Trayong (taken on 22nd August 2011) located along Sg.
Mengkabung estuary........................................................................................................................................... 60-1
Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Tambalang taken on 22nd August 2011. .................................. 61-1
Rock revetment (single layer) fronting Dalit Bay Golf Club at Kuala Tambalang (5th
November 2011). ................................................................................................................................................. 61-2
Beach forest along the sand spit of Kuala Tambalang (5th November 2011). ................................. 61-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Sabandar Beach taken on 22nd August 2011. ..................................... 62-2
Seawalls fronting Tuaran Beach Resort, remain in sound condition (5th November 2011). ..... 62-3
Rock revetment fronting a private house, in failing mode (5th November 2011). ......................... 62-4
Beach forest located south adjacent to Tuaran Beach Resort (5th November 2011). ................... 62-4
Tuaran Beach Resort in its present state (5th November 2011). ......................................................... 62-5
Oblique aerial photo view of Tambalang Estuary Mangrove, located behind Sabandar
Beach, taken on 22nd August 2011. ................................................................................................................ 63-2
Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Tuaran taken on 22nd August 2011. .......................................... 64-1
Erosion indication by falling vegetation along Sg. Tuaran river bank (left) and beach
immediate south of Kuala Tuaran (right). Both pictures were taken on 5th November
2011. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 64-2
Enormous amount of debris washed up to the sand spit of Kuala Tuaran....................................... 64-3
Sand mining operation at a distance of around 400m from Sg. Tuaran river mouth. .................. 64-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Mimpian Jadi Resort and its adjacent southern beach (22nd
August 2011). ........................................................................................................................................................ 65-1
Low lying beach forest backing the beach north of Mimpian Jadi Resort (5th November
2011). ....................................................................................................................................................................... 65-2
Mimpian Jadi Resort at its present state (5th November 2011). .......................................................... 65-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Sulaman Estuary and Sulaman Peninsula (22nd August 2011). ... 66-1
Mangrove fringe within Sulaman Estuary (image taken in 2004). ..................................................... 66-2
Aquaculture cage farming at approximately 3.0 km from estuary tidal inlet (Satellite
Image 2011). .......................................................................................................................................................... 66-3
Oblique aerial photo view of Sulaman Peninsula (22nd August 2011). .............................................. 67-1
v

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Tables
Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 5.1
Table 5.2
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 7.1
Table 7.2
Table 8.1
Table 8.2
Table 9.1
Table 9.2
Table 10.1
Table 10.2
Table 11.1
Table 11.2
Table 12.1
Table 12.2
Table 13.1
Table 13.2
Table 14.1
Table 14.2
Table 15.1
Table 15.2
Table 16.1
Table 16.2
Table 17.1
Table 17.2
Table 18.1
Table 18.2
Table 19.1
Table 19.2
Table 20.1

vi

Features of MU C4-14 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ............. 1-5
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C4-14, Pantai Manis, in order of
priority rank. ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-5
Features of MU C4-15 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ............. 2-4
Management objective and strategy allocated for MU C4-15, Papar Islamic School, in
order of priority rank. ........................................................................................................................................... 2-4
Features of MU C5-01 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ............. 3-4
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-01, Kuala Papar, in order of
priority rank. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-5
Features of MU C5-02 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ............. 4-4
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-02, Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat,
in order of priority rank. ...................................................................................................................................... 4-5
Features of MU C5-02b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 5-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-02b, Immediate hinterland of
Sg. Pengalat, in order of priority rank. ............................................................................................................. 5-3
Features of MU C5-03 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ............. 6-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-03, Sg. Pengalat Estuary, in
order of priority rank. ........................................................................................................................................... 6-3
Features of MU C5-04 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ............. 7-4
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-04, Summer Bay Melinsung, in
order of priority rank. ........................................................................................................................................... 7-4
Features of MU C5-04b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 8-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-04b, Melinsung Mangrove, in
order of priority rank. ........................................................................................................................................... 8-3
Features of MU C5-05 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ............. 9-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-05, Tg. Melinsung, in order of
priority rank. ............................................................................................................................................................ 9-3
Features of MU C5-06 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........10-5
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-06, Tg. Melinsung to Sg.
Kawang, in order of priority rank. ..................................................................................................................10-6
Features of MU C5-07 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........11-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-07, Sg. Kawang Mangroves, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................11-4
Features of MU C5-08 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........12-3
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-08, Sg. Kawang to Kg. Kinarut Laut, in order
of priority rank. .....................................................................................................................................................12-3
Features of MU C5-09 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........13-4
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-09, Kg. Kinarut Laut, in order of priority
rank............................................................................................................................................................................13-4
Features of MU C5-10 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........14-3
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-10, Sg. Kinarut Mangroves, in order of
priority rank. ..........................................................................................................................................................14-4
Features of MU C5-11 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........15-4
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-11, Palm Beach, in order of priority rank. ............15-5
Features of MU C5-12 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........16-4
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-12, Kinarut Beach, in order of priority rank. .......16-4
Features of MU C5-13 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........17-3
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-13, Kg. Karang to Lok Kawi Army Base, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................17-3
Features of MU C5-14 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........18-4
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-14, Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase I, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................18-4
Features of MU C5-15 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........19-3
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-15, Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase II, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................19-4
Features of MU C5-16 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........20-4

S1030-Vol-1b-Mu-Toc

Table 20.2
Table 21.1
Table 21.2
Table 22.1
Table 22.2
Table 23.1
Table 23.2
Table 24.1
Table 24.2
Table 25.1
Table 25.2
Table 26.1
Table 26.2
Table 27.1
Table 27.2
Table 28.1
Table 28.2
Table 29.1
Table 29.2
Table 30.1
Table 30.2
Table 31.1
Table 31.2
Table 32.1
Table 32.2
Table 33.1
Table 33.2
Table 34.1
Table 34.2
Table 35.1
Table 35.2
Table 36.1
Table 36.2
Table 37.1
Table 37.2
Table 38.1
Table 38.2
Table 39.1
Table 39.2
Table 40.1

S1030-Vol-1B-MU-TOC

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-16, Meruntum Lagoon North, in order of

priority rank........................................................................................................................................................... 20-5
Features of MU C5-17 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 21-5
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-17, Sg. Putatan to Tg. Dumpil, in order of
priority rank........................................................................................................................................................... 21-5
Features of MU C5-18 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 22-3
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-18, Tg. Dumpil, in order of priority rank. ............. 22-3
Features of MU C5-19 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 23-5
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-19, Tg. Dumpil to Sg. Petagas, in order of
priority rank........................................................................................................................................................... 23-5
Features of MU C5-20 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 24-3
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-20, Kota Kinabalu International Airport
(KKIA), in order of priority rank. .................................................................................................................... 24-3
Features of MU C5-20b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking......... 25-3
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-20b, Kota Kinabalu International Airport
(KKIA) runway extended, in order of priority rank. ................................................................................ 25-3
Features of MU C5-21 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 26-5
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-21, Tg.Aru Beach, in order of priority rank. ........ 26-6
Features of MU C5-22 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 27-3
Management objectives allocated for MU C5-22, Pulau Dinawan, in order of priority rank. ..... 27-3
Features of MU C6-01 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 28-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-01, Shangri-Las Tanjung Aru
Resort, in order of priority rank...................................................................................................................... 28-3
Features of MU C6-02 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 29-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-02, Kg. Tanjung Aru to Sutera
Harbour, in order of priority rank. ................................................................................................................. 29-3
Features of MU C6-03 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 30-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-03, Sutera
Harbour/Sembulan, in order of priority rank. ........................................................................................... 30-3
Features of MU C6-04 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 31-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-04, KK Times Square, in order
of priority rank...................................................................................................................................................... 31-3
Features of MU C6-05 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 32-2
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-05, Central Bus Station, in
order of priority rank.......................................................................................................................................... 32-3
Features of MU C6-06 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 33-4
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-06, Kota Kinabalu Waterfront,
in order of priority rank. .................................................................................................................................... 33-5
Features of MU C6-07 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 34-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-07, Kota Kinabalu Port, in
order of priority rank.......................................................................................................................................... 34-3
Features of MU C6-08 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 35-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-08, Tg. Lipat to Likas Beach, in
order of priority rank.......................................................................................................................................... 35-3
Features of MU C6-09 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 36-4
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-09, Likas Beach to Anjung
Selera, in order of priority rank. ..................................................................................................................... 36-5
Features of MU C6-09b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking......... 37-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-09b, Likas Lagoon, in order of
priority rank........................................................................................................................................................... 37-3
Features of MU C6-10 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 38-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-10, Sg. Inanam Mangroves, in
order of priority rank.......................................................................................................................................... 38-3
Features of MU C6-11 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 39-5
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-11, Sg. Inanam to Kg. LayangLayang, in order of priority rank. ................................................................................................................... 39-5
Features of MU C6-12 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 40-4

vii

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 40.2
Table 41.1
Table 41.2
Table 42.1
Table 42.2
Table 43.1
Table 43.2
Table 44.1
Table 44.2
Table 45.1
Table 45.2
Table 46.1
Table 46.2
Table 47.1
Table 47.2
Table 48.1
Table 48.2
Table 49.1
Table 49.2
Table 50.1
Table 50.2
Table 51.1
Table 51.2
Table 52.1
Table 52.2
Table 53.1
Table 53.2
Table 54.1
Table 54.2
Table 55.1
Table 55.2
Table 56.1
Table 56.2
Table 57.1
Table 57.2
Table 58.1
Table 58.2
Table 59.1

viii

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-12, Kg. Tarak-Tarak to Sg.
Menggatal, in order of priority rank. ..............................................................................................................40-4
Features of MU C6-13 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........41-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-13, Sg. Menggatal Estuary, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................41-4
Features of MU C6-14 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........42-2
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-14, UiTM Campus, in order of
priority rank. ..........................................................................................................................................................42-2
Features of MU C6-15 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........43-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-15, Sapangar Bay Industrial
Area, in order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................43-3
Features of MU C6-16 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........44-4
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-16, Sapangar Fish Factory, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................44-4
Features of MU C6-17 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........45-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-17, Sapangar Naval Base, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................45-3
Features of MU C6-18 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........46-2
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-18, Ocean Quarry, in order of
priority rank. ..........................................................................................................................................................46-3
Features of MU C6-19 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........47-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-19, Tg. Gaya to Tg. Kaitan, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................47-3
Features of MU C6-20 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........48-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-20, Sapangar Island, in order
of priority rank. .....................................................................................................................................................48-3
Features of MU C6-21 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........49-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-21, Tunku Abdul Rahman
Marine Park (TARP), in order of priority rank. ..........................................................................................49-4
Features of MU C6-22 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........50-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-22, Gaya Island, in order of
priority rank. ..........................................................................................................................................................50-3
Features of MU C6-22b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ........51-2
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-22b, Tg. Logong, in order of
priority rank. ..........................................................................................................................................................51-3
Features of MU C6-22c and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .........52-2
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-22c, Gayana Island Resort, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................52-3
Features of MU C7-01 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........53-5
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-01, Nexus Karambunai, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................53-6
Features of MU C7-02 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........54-6
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-02, Kuala Karambunai, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................54-6
Features of MU C7-02b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ........55-3
Management objective and strategy allocated for MU C7-02b, Petronas Gas Terminal, in
order of priority rank. .........................................................................................................................................55-3
Features of MU C7-02c and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .........56-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-02c, Salut Mengkabung
Estuaries, in order of priority rank. ................................................................................................................56-4
Features of MU C7-02d and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ........57-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-02d, Gayang, in order of
priority rank. ..........................................................................................................................................................57-3
Features of MU C7-03 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ...........58-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-03, Shangri La Rasa Ria
Resort, in order of priority rank. .....................................................................................................................58-3
Features of MU C7-03b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ........59-3

S1030-Vol-1b-Mu-Toc

Table 59.2
Table 60.1
Table 60.2
Table 61.1
Table 61.2
Table 62.1
Table 62.2
Table 63.1
Table 63.2
Table 64.1
Table 64.2
Table 65.1
Table 65.2
Table 66.1
Table 66.2
Table 67.1
Table 67.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MU-TOC

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-03b, Estuary between Tg.
Badak and Kg. Trayong, in order of priority rank. .................................................................................... 59-3
Features of MU C7-03c and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. ........ 60-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-03c, Kg. Trayong, in order of
priority rank........................................................................................................................................................... 60-3
Features of MU C7-04 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 61-4
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-04, Kuala Tambalang, in order
of priority rank...................................................................................................................................................... 61-4
Features of MU C7-05 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 62-6
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-05, Sabandar Beach, in order
of priority rank...................................................................................................................................................... 62-6
Features of sub MU C7-05b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as
ranking..................................................................................................................................................................... 63-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for sub MU C7-05b, Tambalang Estuary
Mangrove, in order of priority rank. .............................................................................................................. 63-3
Features of MU C7-06 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 64-4
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-06, Kuala Tuaran, in order of
priority rank........................................................................................................................................................... 64-4
Features of MU C7-07 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 65-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-07, Mimpian Jadi Resort, in
order of priority rank.......................................................................................................................................... 65-4
Features of MU C7-08 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 66-4
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-08, Sulaman Estuary, in order
of priority rank...................................................................................................................................................... 66-5
Features of MU C7-09 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking. .......... 67-3
Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-09, Sulaman Peninsula, in
order of priority rank.......................................................................................................................................... 67-3

ix

MUC4-14: Pantai Manis

1.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the eroding beach of Pantai Manis immediately south
of Papar Islamic School.

Figure 1.1

MU C4-14 overview map.

Photo 1.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Papar and PantaiManis Beach taken on 22ndAugust 2011.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC4-14

1-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

1.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

1.1.1.1

Morphology
Coastline within this MU consists of a flat coastal plain bounded by relatively good quality sandy
beaches exposed to open sea area. Southward of this MU is Tg. Kinandukan headland which
plays a vital role in PantaiManis beach and Kuala Papar delta formation.
Sand mining activities within Sg. Papar has caused a reduction in sediment supply to the near
shore area and has led to erosion seen in this MU as well as MU C4-15. Construction of coastal
protection measures at Papar Islamic School has further accelerated the erosion rate along
Pantai Manis beach by blocking the sediment transport meant for this MU.
Erosion has since destroyed public amenities such as a toilet and huts. If this condition persists,
it is only a matter of time before the nearby coastal road is encroached as well (refer Photo 1.2).
Thus, the coastline within this MU is classified as severely eroding of Class 1 (NCES 1985).
Erosion rate along this coastline between year 1965 and 2005 was found at -8.0 m per year.

Photo 1.2

1.1.1.2

1-2

Aerial photo view of Pantai Manis beach indicating coastal road is threatened by erosion (September
2005).

Coastal Structures / Protection

Coastline protection structures of Labuan blocks had been installed along the beach but they
produce little success in holding the shoreline and are within very poor condition.

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc4-14

Photo 1.3

1.1.1.3

Failing Labuan Blocks at Pantai Manis beach (3rd April 2012.)

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying the beach frontage along the
MUs shoreline, as shown inPhoto 1.4.

Photo 1.4

Low lying beach forest backing the beach of Pantai Manis (3rdApril 2012).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC4-14

1-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

1.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) much due to the sediment plume released from Sg. Papar (see
Photo 1.5).Major pollutants found are of suspended sediments and nutrients.

Photo 1.5

1.1.1.5

Near shore water along Pantai Manis beach which is turbid (3rd April 2012).

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

For the time being, the beach is visited occasionally by local residents. Few houses belong to
villagers are found behind the beach.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

1.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

1.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflict issue arise based on the current condition.

1.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism development with sufficient setback limit. Public recreational
facilities and amenities.

1.1.2

Features and Related Issues

1-4

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 1.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc4-14

Table 1.1

1.1.3

Features of MU C4-14 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Beach

Beach is affected by
erosion, however, beach
quality is still fairly good
(comparable e.g. with Tg.
Aru Beach in KK).

Public quality of life access to

beach areas.

Local community

Coastal road

Erosion has affected

small coastal road
running along the beach

Road is for access along the

beach; it does not restrict
access to any major villages or
infrastructure.
The few residents in the area
currently have access through
dirt roads.

Local inhabitants;
Recreational users of the beach

Recreation
facilities

Lost due to severe

erosion

Public quality of life - access to

beach and recreational amenity

Local community

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlinedin Table 1.2.
Table 1.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C4-14, PantaiManis, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Beach

Managed coastline retreat

Ensure setback limit of minimum 460 m from high water line

(HAT) is fulfilled
Remove Labuan blocks if considered a hazard to beach users
and small craft, replace with stable protection if the beach is
to be protected.

Coastal road

Manage retreat

Relocate coastal road inland if still required

Recreation
facilities

Restore basic public

amenities/ facilities

Remove old structures affected by erosion/ dilapidated

buildings that have not been maintained.
Construct basic amenities for the public.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC4-14

1-5

MUC4-15: Papar Islamic School

2.1

Description
This management unit (MU)consist of Papar Islamic School, located south of Kuala Papar.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC4-15

Figure 2.1

MU C4-15 overview map.

Photo 2.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Papar and Papar Islamic School, taken on 22ndAugust 2011.

2-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

2.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

2.1.1.1

Morphology
The once sandy beach that existed along this MUs shoreline has since been eroded mainly
caused by the reduction of sediment supply originating from Sg. Papar (on-going sand mining
operations in the river) aided by littoral transport in a southward net direction. Consequently,
the rock revetment built to protect the school has protruded into the near shore water (at high
tide) and this now blocks sediment transport heading to MU C4-14. Existing coastline is fixed
against movement by the revetment layers.
Thus, coastline within this MU is classified as severely eroding of Class 1 (NCES 1985).

2.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

In order to hold the shoreline retreat from destroying the school perimeter, a protection
measure of rock revetment (Photo 2.2) was built and recently fortified, signifying the severe
erosion rate occurring here.

Photo 2.2

2.1.1.3

Rock revetment layers (new and old) fronting shoreline of Papar Islamic School (2nd November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
2.1.1.4

2-2

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified as exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine
Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS)owing to sediment plume and debris released
from Sg. Papar (see Photo 2.3).Major pollutants found are of suspended sediments and
nutrients.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc4-15

Photo 2.3

2.1.1.5

Nearshore water next to Papar Islamic School which is turbid (2nd November 2011).

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Papar Islamic School is the only development that exists in this MU.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

No aquaculture activities are performed. Fishermen are reported to utilize the near shore water
for small scale fishery catching.
2.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

2.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Coastal protection works comprising of a rock revetment has caused downstream coastline
erosion/retreat at MU C4-14.

2.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for reinforcement of existing coastal protection structures.

2.1.2

Features and Related Issues

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC4-15

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 2.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

2-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 2.1

2.1.3

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

School

The school was

Major government school
constructed much to
serving Papar area
close to the shoreline,
necessitating the major
coastal protection works.
This coastal protection
restricts sacrificial
erosion in the area and
concentrates erosion
further to the south
around Pantai Manis
(MUC4-14).

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Local community

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2

2-4

Features of MU C4-15 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Management objective and strategy allocated for MU C4-15, Papar Islamic School, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

School

Protect school

Maintain coastal protection works (existing revetment).

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc4-15

MUC5-01: Kuala Papar

3.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the river mouth of Sg. Papar, Kuala Papar.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-01

Figure 3.1

MU C5-01 overview map.

Photo 3.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Papar taken on 22ndAugust 2011 (highlighted in red circle is mangrove
cleared for unknown development).

3-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

3.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

3.1.1.1

Morphology
River mouth of Sg. Papar has been morphologically active over the last few decades with its
southern bank eroding most of the time. This is mainly triggered by sand mining activities
upstream of the river which reduce sediment supply reaching the near shore zone. Littoral
transport too plays a role in moving the sediments. Sand bars form outside the river mouth that
force incoming waves to break on them thus limiting the wave action inside the river mouth.
Coastline within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 2 (NCES 1985).

3.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection structures are built within the river mouth. Few wooden jetties are found
at the southern river bank of Kuala Papar serving small fishing boats.

3.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

There is substantial coverage of mangroves and swamp forests behind the river mouth. Recent
aerial photo indicates that a portion of these forests had been cleared for unknown purpose
(Photo 3.1).
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
3.1.1.4

3-2

Water Quality
Near shore water is exceeding the standards classified within category of Class E (Malaysia
Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) in terms of suspended solids, nutrients
and faecal coli form. This is owing to significant amounts of sediment plume, nutrients and
wastes released from Sg. Papar. At the same time, large amounts of solid wastes and debris are
discharged from the river as well.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-01

Photo 3.2

3.1.1.5

Solid waste contamination (top image) and highly turbid water of Kuala Papar southern sand spit (bottom
image). Both images were taken on2nd November 2011 Low tide.

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Village of Kg. Kuala has settled along this portion of river bank. No settlement or economic
activity seen at the northern bank of Kuala Papar.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Fishermen are utilizing the river mouth as a navigational route in and out from the river. A few
jetties or docks exist along the rivers southern bank providing a landing spot for fishing boats.
3.1.1.6

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-01

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

3-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

3.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Two issues are concerned by stakeholders for the time being sand mining activities along Sg.
Papar (notably illegal operators) and mangrove clearing for development which shall be
prohibited.

3.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent public recreational facilities or
amenities while maintains existing traditional village settlement. River mouth improvement
works to address navigational and upstream flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed
coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land usage on the banks of river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement work structures but only subject
to state cabinet approval.

3.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 3.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 3.1

Features of MU C5-01 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

3.1.3

3-4

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

River and river Morphologically active

mouth

Navigation for fishermen

Sediment supply to coast,
important to adjacent MUs (C415 and C5-02).

Local fishermen
Local community and land
owners in adjacent MUs benefit
from sediment supply.

Mangroves

Potential loss due to

reclamation / conversion
of wetland areas.
Mangrove cleared for
possibly agriculture or
aquaculture development

Swamp areas maintain tidal

prism
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.
Breeding and nursery grounds
for fish fauna.
Wildlife habitat.

Local fishermen
Local community
Land owners in adjacent MUs
benefit from function of
mangroves in maintaining tidal
prism and filtering sediments
and pollutants.

Boat docking
area

Potential loss of access

due to uncontrolled
development
Potential loss of facilities
due to accretion

Docking point for fishing boat

Fishing community and local

villagers

Fishing village
(Kg. Kuala)

No issue

Settlement for local

communities and fishermen;
Location by river bank allows
for easy access to fishing
grounds.

Local villagers

Agriculture or
aquaculture
development
(presently
cleared land)

Loss of mangrove

Economic activity

Land owner/ developer

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 3.2.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-01

Table 3.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-01, Kuala Papar, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Preserve/Increase sediment
supply to prevent further
coastal erosion

Ensure that the total allowed amount of sand to be extracted

is limited by the overall annual sediment budget of the river
system
Monitor amount of sand being extracted

1.b

Preserve current condition of

river mouth

Development prohibited at the river mouth

1.c

Improve river mouth

navigability and flood
conveyance

River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)

to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

Mangroves

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Boat docking
area

Maintain/ improve boat

docking facility

Improve boat docking facilities

Fishing village
(Kg. Kuala)

4.a

Maintain and improve village

areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers
Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

4.b

Maintain access to river

banks for fishermen

Allocate part of riverbank boat landing

Restrict further land clearing

expansion into mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT) within
mangrove

River and river 1.a

mouth

Agriculture or
aquaculture
development
(presently
cleared land)

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-01

3-5

MUC5-02: Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat

4.1

Description
This management unit (MU)encompasses shoreline stretching from Kuala Papar (MU C5-01) till
Sg. Pengalat estuary tidal inlet (MU C5-03).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02

Figure 4.1

MU C5-02 overview map.

Photo 4.1

Oblique aerial photo view of sandy beach between Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat ( 22ndAugust 2011).

4-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

4.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

4.1.1.1

Morphology
Beach found in this management unit is generally non-attractive consisting of light brown
colour sand and unpleasant texture quality owing to the fine sediment received from Sg. Papar.
The beach is fairly wide (more than 50 m) with few portions of agricultural land (mainly water
melon farming) located in the immediate hinterland. Wave conditions reaching near shore is of
moderate strength all year long. Shoreline is relatively stable although suffering from minor to
mild erosion at certain areas. Few small scale protection structures are built to combat eroding
shoreline but they are not expected to impact the long shore sediment transport in the short
term.
Thus, coastline within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 3 (NCES 1985). Erosion rate along
this coastline between year 2004 and 2010 was found at -1.5 m per year.

4.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Among the coastal protection structures built include small stretches of wooden piles fronting a
water melon farm (refer Photo 4.2) and low lying seawalls fronting a private dwelling (see
Photo 4.3).

Photo 4.2

4-2

Watermelon farm protected by wood piles (22nd August 2011).

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-02

Photo 4.3

4.1.1.3

Mini seawall built in front a private residential (2nd November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation is of moderate thickness level populating along the undeveloped

shoreline, refer to Photo 4.4.

Photo 4.4

Beach forest located along the shoreline of this MU (2nd November 2011).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
4.1.1.4

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02

Water Quality
Near shore water quality within this MU exceeds standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to close proximity to Kuala Papar which releases
significant amount of sediment, nutrients and wastes. Major pollutants found are of suspended
sediments and nutrients.

4-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

4.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

A number of aquaculture ponds set behind the shoreline (at around 300 meters) along with a
few scattered individual houses and the village of Kg. Bundusan (further inland). Two new small
lodges are being built possibly meant for small scale tourism purposes, both located within a
sufficient setback limit from the shoreline (see Photo 4.5).

Photo 4.5

Small lodge built at a sufficient setback distance from shoreline (2nd November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

4.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

4.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Few agricultural plots are constructed close to the shoreline with no sufficient setback or forest
buffer zone.

4.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Restricted to low or medium density tourism developments outside coastal forest buffer zones.
Within buffer zones, only small scale developments of public recreation facilities or amenities
allowed.

4.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 4.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 4.1

Feature

4-4

Features of MU C5-02 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Open coastline Some slight erosion

(beach)

Tourism potential

Regional users and local

community

Coastal
vegetation

Buffers agricultural runoff to

the sea
Natural protection against
coastal erosion/storm surge

Coastal land owners

Disturbed/cleared in
places for agriculture

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-02

4.1.3

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Agriculture

Clearing of vegetation
without maintaining
buffer

Livelihood/economic wellbeing of farm owners

Produce important in
local/regional food supply

Local farmers
Regional economy and
consumers

Tourist lodge

No issue

Local economy
Tourists

Business owners
Local economy
Tourists

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-02, Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat, in order of
priority rank.

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Open coastline 1
(beach)

Manage coastline retreat

Development along the coastline shall not interrupt the

existing coastal processes
Ensure setback limit of minimum 135 m from high water line
(HAT) is fulfilled
Allow natural erosion (sacrificial buffer) along undeveloped
coastline

Coastal
vegetation

Preserve forest as buffer zone Incorporate coastal vegetation belt plan

Agriculture

Maintain agriculture area

Ensure further agricultural development abides by setback

and coastal buffer guidelines

Tourist lodge

Maintain / promote tourism

destination

Promote low to medium density tourism development

Ensure developments comply with local authority plan and
guidelines requirements

4-5

MUC5-02b: Immediate Hinterland of Pengalat

5.1

Description
The hinterland zone behind MU C5-02 has been allocated as a sub management unit primarily to
protect its mangrove/wetland forests.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02b

Figure 5.1

MU C5-02b overview map.

Photo 5.1

Oblique aerial photo view of hinterland, highlighted by red circle, between Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat
(22ndAugust 2011).

5-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

5.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

5.1.1.1

Morphology
Coastal morphology is non-existing as no changes are actively underway at present. The Edge of
Sg. Papar and Sg. Pengalat where mangroves are intact are covered within the sub MU boundary.

5.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline within the sub MU.

5.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Swamp forests of mixed nipah are found across the wetland associated with Sg. Papar and Sg.
Pengalat tributaries.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found as the sub MU covers the hinterland area.
5.1.1.4

Water Quality
Wetlands water quality status is unknown, however may be affected by agricultural runoff and
domestic wastes from villages.

5.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

No settlement exists within this sub MU. Nearest settlement is Kg. Bundusan to the north of the
sub MU.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Few aquaculture ponds are operating and located in between the shoreline of MU C5-02 and the
sub MU as well as at the edge of Kg. Bundusan intact with the mangrove.
5.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

5.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Mangroves are cleared for road construction and aquaculture ponds development.

5.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways.

5.1.2

Features and Related Issues

5-2

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 5.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02b

Table 5.1

5.1.3

Features of MU C5-02b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Mangrove /
swamp

Loss of mangrove area

due to conversion to
aquaculture
Potential for future
development pressure
around Kg. Bundusan to
encroach in mangrove
area.

Mangroves filter sediments and Local fishermen

pollutants.
Local community
Breeding and nursery grounds Aquaculture owners
for fish fauna.
Wildlife habitat.

River (water
body)

No issue

Navigation use by local

fishermen
Water supply for aquaculture
development

Local fishermen
Aquaculture businesses

Villages and
housing [Kg.
Bundusan]

No issue

Human/ property/community
value

Local residents

Aquaculture
ponds

Discharges to river may

result in water pollution
Conversion of mangrove
area to ponds

Livelihood/ economic
wellbeing of aquaculture farm
owners
Local food supply

Aquaculture business owners

Regional economy and
consumers

Agriculture

Potential excessive
fertiliser and pesticide
use in sandy soils
contributes to water
pollution

Livelihood/ economic wellbeing of farm owners

Produce important in local /
regional food supply

Local farmers
Regional economy and
consumers

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02b

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-02b, immediate hinterland of Sg. Pengalat, in
order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Villages and
housing [Kg.
Bundusan]

Maintain and improve village

areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers
Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Mangroves /
swamp

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

River (water
body)

Preserve/improve water
quality status

Ensure that additional aquaculture activities do not impact

water quality within river system (carrying capacity study
required)
Promote good agricultural practices with limitations on
pesticide and fertiliser application

Aquaculture
ponds

Preserve aquaculture area

Ensure farms receive recommendations from Fishery

Department
Prescribe fulfillment of Good Aquaculture Practice (GAqP)
guidelines for existing and new farms
Monitor farm activities and water quality
Prohibit development of new ponds

Agriculture

Maintain agricultural areas

Maintain agricultural areas

Promote good agricultural practices e.g. limiting pesticide
and fertiliser application

5-3

MUC5-03: Sg. Pengalat Estuary

6.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the estuary and tidal inlet of Sg. Pengalat.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-03

Figure 6.1

MU C5-03 overview map.

Photo 6.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Pengalat estuary tidal inlettaken on 22ndAugust 2011.

6-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

6.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

6.1.1.1

Morphology
Tidal inlet of Sg. Pengalat is relatively small in size and is morphologically active as indicated by
its sand spit movement which at the time being is accreting southward. Migration of this sand
spit is evident due to a series of re-curved ridges. Sediments are deposited as the spit lengthens
or as sand migrates from one end towards the other. Sediments originating from this river feed
the nearby coastal cells and maintain their stability. Dynamic movement of river mouth
morphology is shown by the erosion behind the tidal inlet which is slowly encroaching onto the
coastal road built along the river bank.
Coastline around the tidal inlet and its associated coastline are classified as eroding of Class 2
(NCES 1985).

6.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline or inlet. Within the estuary,
few wooden jetties are constructed.

6.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

The estuary of Pengalat covers a dense population of mangroves along Sg. Pengalat and is being
threatened or stressed from the on-going development expansion.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
6.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore waters at the estuary inlet is classified within the standard of Class E (Malaysia
Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) with slight turbidity owing to sediment
plume originating from Sg. Pengalat.

6.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

The unit is primarily agricultural land with some aquaculture ponds. There are houses nearby
the river banks but no water villages. There are two jetties inside the river mouth and the river
mouth is used for navigation by these and other villages upstream.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Small scaled aquaculture ponds are seen along the downstream river bank.
6.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

6.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Clearing of mangroves was detected at the inland boundary of this management unit for
agricultural activities, covering approximately 6.5 Ha of area.

6.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways. River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID.

6-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-03

Land usage on the banks of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent
improvement work structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

6.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 6.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 6.1

6.1.3

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Mangroves

Potential loss due to

aquaculture

Biodiversity value
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.
Breeding and nursery grounds
for fish fauna.
Wildlife habitat.

Local fishermen
Local community
Aquaculture owners

Sand Spit

Morphologically active

Maintains tidal flow between

the estuary and open coastal
water
Supplies sediments to the
adjacent shorelines

Users of adjacent shorelines

Village
housing

Sewage and solid waste

generation

Human/ property/community
value

Local residents

Aquaculture
ponds

Discharges to river may

result in water pollution
Conversion of mangrove
area to ponds

Livelihood/ economic
wellbeing of aquaculture farm
owners
Local food supply

Aquaculture business owners

Regional economy and
consumers

Agriculture

Potential excessive
fertiliser and pesticide
use in sandy soils
contributes to water
pollution

Livelihood/ economic wellbeing of farm owners

Produce important in local /
regional food supply

Local farmers
Regional economy and
consumers

River and river Navigation for fishermen

mouth

Allows fishermen to carry out

their fishing activity in the sea

Local fishermen

Boat landing
area

None

Human/ property/community
value

Individuals

Coastal road

Erosion

Human/ community value

Local land owners and

residents in this area

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-03

Features of MU C5-03 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-03, Sg. Pengalat Estuary, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

Conserve mangrove

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Sand Spit

Allow for morphological

fluctuations

135 m setback from high water line (HAT) for shoreline /

river mouth on south western spit
60m setback from high water line (HAT) on the landward
river bank (coastal road section)
Development prohibited on narrow portion of north eastern
spit (near river mouth)

6-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

6-4

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Village
housing

3.a

Maintain and improve village

areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers

3.b

Maintain village sanitation

and cleanliness

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Aquaculture
ponds

Preserve aquaculture area

Ensure farms receive recommendations from Fishery

Department
Prescribe fulfillment of Good Aquaculture Practice (GAqP)
guidelines for existing farms
Monitor farm activities and water quality
Prohibit development of new ponds

Agriculture

Maintain agricultural areas

Promote good agricultural practices e.g. limiting pesticide

and fertiliser application

6.a
River and river
mouth
6.b

Preserve current condition of

river mouth

Development prohibited at the river mouth

Improve river mouth

navigability and flood
conveyance

River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)

to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

Boat landing
area

Improve boat landing facility

Upgrade berthing structures

Coastal road

Coastal road to be protected

for accessibility

Protect coastal road

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-03

MUC5-04: Summer Bay Melinsung

7.1

Description
This management unit (MU) consist of the apartment estate of Summer Bay Melinsung as well as
its shoreline stretching from Sg. Pengalat (MU C5-03) to Tg. Melinsung (MU C5-05).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04

Figure 7.1

MU C5-04 overview map.

Photo 7.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Summer Bay Melinsung (22ndAugust 2011).

7-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

7.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

7.1.1.1

Morphology
Fronting the housing estate is a relatively wide and stable (little erosion) sandy beach of
moderate to good sand texture and fairly white in colour. Near shore areas within this MU
receive moderate wave attack throughout the year. Erosion rate along the coastline is calculated
at -1.5 m per year (based on aerial photo analysis from year 2005 to 2011).Thus, the coastline
within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 3 (NCES 1985).

7.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline. In the past, a wooden jetty
existed and protruded out to the coastal water but was destroyed in the last few years owing to
moderate wave attack in this area.

Photo 7.2

7.1.1.3

Wooden piles of destroyed jetty (2nd November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level populating along the undeveloped shoreline,
refer to Photo 7.3.

7-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-04

Photo 7.3

Belt of Casuarina trees along shoreline fronting Summery Bay Melinsung (2nd November 2011).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
7.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

7.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Melinsung Summer Bay consists of medium-size apartment blocks set in typical barracks style,
commonly found within the West Coast of Sabah. A setback limit of approximately 60 meters
from the beach line to its beach facilities is provided.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

7.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

7.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflict issue arise based on the current condition.

7.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Restricted to low or medium density housing, commercial or tourism developments.

7.1.2

Features and Related Issues

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 7.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

7-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 7.1

Features of MU C5-04 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

7.1.3

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Open coastline No issue

(beach)

Water recreational feature for

local communities

Local residents
Tourists and local tourism
industry

Beaech forest
(Casuarina)
belt

No issue

Buffer zone against coastline

erosion

Residential areas located

behind the vegetation

Housing and
residential
area

No issue

Meets housing needs for local

community
Weekend housing for city folks

Local community/ wider

society

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2

Feature

7-4

Issues associated with

feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-04, Summer Bay Melinsung, in order of priority
rank.

Objectives

Strategies

Open coastline 1
(beach)

Rank

Preserve current beach

condition

Ensure setback limit of minimum 115m from high water line

(HAT)

Beach forest
(Casuarina)
belt

Preserve forest as buffer zone Incorporate coastal vegetation belt plan

Carry out selective thinning if necessary

Housing and
residential
area

Maintain housing area and

beach amenity for public
access

Ensure facilities of housing estate well maintained for

public/resident usage
Promote land use compatible with recreational / tourism
uses of the beach

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-04

MUC5-04b: Melinsung Mangroves

8.1

Description
Mangrove forest located hinterland behind shoreline of MU C5-04 has been allocated as a sub
management unit (MU) primarily to protect its mangrove/wetland forests.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04b

Figure 8.1

MU C5-04b overview map.

Photo 8.1

Oblique aerial photo view of mangroves located south adjacent of Melinsung Summer Bay apartment,
highlighted by red circle (22ndAugust 2011).

8-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

8.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

8.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology features or activities exist as this sub MU covers the hinterland area.

8.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed.

8.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Swamp forests of mixed nipah are found across the wetland associated with Sg. Pengalat
tributary. Similar to other mangroves, it acts as habitats for multiple marine species and
enriches fishery sources. A section of road cuts through the mangrove forest into two patches,
separating the inner patch from Sg. Pengalat estuary.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found as it is separated from the coastal environment.

8.1.1.4

Water Quality
Wetlands water quality status is unknown, however may be affected by agricultural runoff and
domestic wastes from villages.

8.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

8.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

8.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Road was built and partly delineated the mangrove from the tributary of Sg. Pengalat.

8.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways.

8.1.2

Features and Related Issues

8-2

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 8.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04b

Table 8.1

8.1.3

Features of MU C5-04b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Mangroves

Conversion of mangrove
area to housing or other
development.

Breeding ground for various

marine species
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.

Local fishing communities

Villagers settling around the
mangroves

Village (along
river bank)

Sewage and solid waste

generation

Human/ property/community
value

Local residents

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-04b, Melinsung Mangrove, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

1.a

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

1.b

Maintain tidal prism in

mangrove

No reclamation allowed

2.a

Maintain and improve village

areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers

2.b

Maintain village sanitation

and cleanliness

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Village (along
river bank)

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04b

8-3

MUC5-05: Tg. Melinsung

9.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the headland of Tg. Melinsung which is a hard point
feature found in this sub cell.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-05

Figure 9.1

MU C5-05 overview map.

Photo 9.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Melinsung headland (22ndAugust 2011).

9-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

9.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

9.1.1.1

Morphology
The headland of Tg. Melinsung is formed of harder rocks. It plays an essential role in stabilizing
and creating the existing coastline orientation in adjacent MU C5-04 and MU C5-06. There are
beaches to each side of the headland - the southern beach is narrow and the northern one is
wide but intersected by a small stream outlet. Limited sediment bypass is expected within
normal near shore climate conditions. However, during storm events, significant amounts of
sediments could bypass the headland. As the headland is a hard point feature surrounded by
rocks, its shoreline is relatively stable or unchanged.

9.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed around the headland.

9.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

The headland is thickly forested with typical hill forest.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
9.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS).No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

9.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented. The coastal highway linking KK to Papar is
located immediate behind the headland.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

9.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

9.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
A portion of the forest was cleared sometimes ago and has not been developed to date.

9.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Extensive forest clearing and developments that may affect headland stability prohibited.
Restricted to low or medium density tourism development.

9.1.2

Features and Related Issues

9-2

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 9.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-05

Table 9.1

9.1.3

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Forested
headland

Potential clearing for

development

Landscape/aesthetic value
Hard point structure stabilizing
beach on both side of headland

Local communities
Settlement and properties on
MUC5-06 and MUC5-04

Stream

None

Maintain discharge of runoff

from inland preventing flood

Settlement on hinterland

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 9.2.
Table 9.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-05

Features of MU C5-05 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-05, Tg. Melinsung, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Forested
headland

Preserve headland as
aesthetic landscape feature

Restrict any development which could destroy headland

stability and its vegetation/forest

Stream

Maintain stream outlet

Stream outlet training/ maintenance dredging

Monitoring and maintenance if required

9-3

10

MUC5-06: Tg. Melinsung to Sg. Kawang

10.1

Description
This management unit (MU) is bounded by Tg. Melinsung in the south and Sg. Kawang in the
north. It covers the beach of Beringgis, a popular tourist destination within the sub cell.

Figure 10.1

MU C5-06 overview map.

Photo 10.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Beringgis beach (22nd August 2011).

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-06

10-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

10.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

10.1.1.1

Morphology
The beach along this unit is less attractive than along Melinsung Summer Bay in terms of sand
texture quality. On the shoreline south of Starnis Resort, there appears to be some erosion of the
coastline as evidenced by the fallen trees lining the beach (Photo 10.2). Towards Sg. Kawang, the
shoreline is generally stable with little erosion observed. Similar to other areas within this
subcell, the near shore areas receive moderate wave attack all year long.
Thus, coastline fronting Beringgis and Starnis Resort is classified as eroding of Class 2 (NCES
1985) where erosion rate is assumed to be around -0.6 m per year. Coastline towards Sg.
Kawang is classified of Class 3 (NCES 1985) respectively.

Photo 10.2

10.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Coastal protection structures of various types had been constructed at these locations:
y
y

10-2

Erosion induced falling tree along beach south of Starnis Resort (2nd November 2011).

Beringgis Resort Approximately 100 m length of rock revetment (Photo 10.3)

Private Residential between Beringgis Resort and Starnis Resort Approximately 50 m
length of concrete seawall (Photo 10.3).

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-06

Photo 10.3

10.1.1.3

Rock revetment layered with sand at Beringgis Resort (left) and low lying concrete seawall at private
residential between Beringgis Resort and Starnis Resort (right).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level populates the undeveloped shoreline, refer to
Photo 10.4.

Photo 10.4

Terrestrial vegetation along shoreline fronting north of Beringgis Resort (2nd November 2011).

Marine Habitats

Three patches of outcrop reefs remain near the shoreline and their existence helps in shaping
the existing shoreline into slight embayments and salients (see Photo 10.5). Current condition of
these reefs is unknown but they used to be categorized as good quality in the past.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-06

10-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 10.5

Location of outcrop reefs within nearshore water of MU C5-06 (Satellite Image 2011).

10.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS).No major pollutants are found within near shore water
but the beach is partly polluted with rubbish particularly the one fronting the resorts.

10.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Beringgis Beach fronting the shoreline is popular among the locals for recreational activities,
fishing and apparently driving along the wide beach. Two major developments are found along
this stretch of shoreline, namely a medium class (3-star) Beringgis Resort and the newly
completed Starnis Resort.
From Beringgis continuing up to Sg. Kawang, there are a variety of land uses, including private
dwellings, a small family recreational park (KK Adventure Park), restaurant and Outward Bound
School located on the bank of Sg. Kawang.

10-4

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-06

Photo 10.6

KK Adventure Center (left) and Starnis Resort (right) located within MU C5-06. (photos taken on 2nd
November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

10.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

10.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

10.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low density tourism development.

10.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 10.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 10.1

Features of MU C5-06 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

10.1.3

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Open coastline Slight to moderate

(Sandy beach) coastline erosion

Important water recreational

feature
Tourist attraction owing to its
nice beach

Local visitors (e.g. from KK)

Tourists and local tourism
industry

Beringgis
Resort, Starnis
Resort and KK
Adventure
Centre

Slight erosion
threatening resorts

Attraction for international and

local tourists

Regional and local economies as 2

well as tourists

Coral reefs

Lack of information on
quality of reef

Marine biodiversity
Habitat for fish and other fauna

Local fishermen
Potentially tourists

Residential

Slight erosion
threatening residential

Settlement for local

communities

Local residents

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlinedin Table 10.2.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-06

10-5

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 10.2

Features

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-06, Tg. Melinsung to Sg. Kawang, in order of
priority rank.

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Manage coastline retreat

Development along the coastline shall not interrupt the

existing coastal processes
Ensure setback limit of minimum 90 m from high water line
(HAT) is fulfilled
Allow natural erosion (sacrificial buffer) along undeveloped
coastline

1.b

Maintain / promote tourism

destination

Promote land use compatible with recreational and tourism

uses of coastal area

Resorts

Protect resorts and lodges

against coastline erosion

Beach nourishment is encouraged to maintain the natural

asset (beach). Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to
demonstrate the applicability of a beach nourishment
schemed and assess impacts on adjacent coastline (within
sub-cell)
Hard protection structure is discouraged along the beach.
Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to demonstrate the
impacts of hard protection structures on adjacent coastline
(within the subcell)

Coral reefs

Conserve live coral reefs

Prohibit/ restrict activities that adversely impacts corals

EIA for any development in this or adjacent units must
demonstrate no to minor impacts to live corals

Residential

4.a

Maintain low density

development

Restrict any medium or large residential development within

this MU
Promote land use compatible with recreational and tourism
uses of coastal area.

4.b

Protect residential areas

against coastline erosion

Beach nourishment is encouraged to maintain the natural

asset (beach). Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to
demonstrate the applicability of a beach nourishment
schemed and assess impacts on adjacent coastline (within
sub-cell)
Hard protection structure is discouraged along the beach.
Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to demonstrate the
impacts of hard protection structures on adjacent coastline
(within the subcell)

Open coastline 1.a

10-6

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-06

11

MUC5-07: Sg. Kawang Mangroves

11.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the river mouth of Sg. Kawang and its tributary of mangrove
forest further inland.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-07

Figure 11.1

MU C5-07 overview map.

Photo 11.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Kawang and its mangrove forest (22ndAugust 2011).

11-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

11.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

11.1.1.1

Morphology
Coastal features located near shore of Sg. Kawang river mouth are similar to those commonly
found at other river mouths within the studied area. It possesses a shallow sand bar formed
right in front of the river mouth which forces the incoming waves to break over them.
Narrow sandy beaches are formed on the adjacent sides of the river. The river mouth is seen to
be morphologically stable for the time being with little change observed in the last few years.
However, this situation could be altered if significant changes occur upstream of the river
mouth.

11.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed at the river mouth and within the river.

11.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Sg. Kawang mangroves cover an area of 190 Ha (back in 2004) riverine mangroves swamp
extending approximately three kilometres inland from the coast.
The mangroves are mostly mature forests, with large trees at a low density and dominated by
Rhizophora apiculata. The southernmost portion of the Sg. Kawang mangroves have been
disturbed by the railroad track running through the back mangrove, leaving a small portion
which remains very disturbed (Photo 11.2).
Recent assessment (2011) on this mangrove swamp revealed clearing of mangroves,
approximately 2 Ha, for agricultural activities and building construction at the inland boundary
of this mangrove.

Photo 11.2

Inland portion of the Kawang mangroves as divided by the road and railway track. This remaining inland
portion appears more disturbed (Pictured dated to 2004).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.

11-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-07

11.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality at the river mouth is classified within the standard of Class E (Malaysia
Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within
near shore water or river mouth.

11.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Along the river bank, a few restaurants and a recreational centre are set up catering for local as
well as international tourists.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Small scale subsidence fishing activities are performed within the river and its associated
mangrove forest.
11.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

11.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Mangroves are cleared for various developments at hinterland, such as restaurant, recreational
activities and agriculture purpose.

11.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent recreation facilities or
amenities, building related to educational or eco-tourism and mangrove walk ways. River mouth
improvement works to address navigational and upstream flooding issues allowed, but
subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land usage on the banks of
river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent improvement work
structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

11.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 11.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 11.1

Feature

Features of MU C5-07 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

River and river None

mouth

Mangroves

Benefits provided by feature

Flushing at outlet minimises Residences and land uses

upstream flooding
upstream.
Serve as navigation route for Local community
small boats
Recreational users/ operators.

Potential loss due to Breeding ground for various

conversion to other land marine species
uses.
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.
Biodiversity value

Recreational
None
facilities and
dining
area,
Outward
bound school

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-07

Importance of feature

Local fishing communities

Villagers settling along the
estuaries
Biodiversity values benefit
wider society.

Human/ property/community Local residents,

value
Local tourists/ visitors

Rank
1

11-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

11.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 11.2.
Table 11.2

Feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-07, Sg. Kawang Mangroves, in order of
priority rank.

Rank

River and river 1.a

mouth

11-4

Objectives

Strategies

Preserve current condition of Development prohibited at the river mouth

river mouth

1.b

Improve
river
navigability
and
conveyance

mouth River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)

flood to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

Mangroves

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Recreation

3.a

Maintain natural riverine

environment to encourage
nature-based
tourism/
recreation

Prohibit high density development along river bank

Ensure riverine buffer is preserved (no reclamation,
permanent structures and retention of natural vegetation /
mangrove).
Promote nature-based eco - tourism within river or
compatible land uses

3.b

Maintain
recreational Maintain existing recreational areas and facilities
facilities and jetties

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-07

MUC4-14: Pantai Manis

1.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the eroding beach of Pantai Manis immediately south
of Papar Islamic School.

Figure 1.1

MU C4-14 overview map.

Photo 1.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Papar and PantaiManis Beach taken on 22ndAugust 2011.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC4-14

1-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

1.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

1.1.1.1

Morphology
Coastline within this MU consists of a flat coastal plain bounded by relatively good quality sandy
beaches exposed to open sea area. Southward of this MU is Tg. Kinandukan headland which
plays a vital role in PantaiManis beach and Kuala Papar delta formation.
Sand mining activities within Sg. Papar has caused a reduction in sediment supply to the near
shore area and has led to erosion seen in this MU as well as MU C4-15. Construction of coastal
protection measures at Papar Islamic School has further accelerated the erosion rate along
Pantai Manis beach by blocking the sediment transport meant for this MU.
Erosion has since destroyed public amenities such as a toilet and huts. If this condition persists,
it is only a matter of time before the nearby coastal road is encroached as well (refer Photo 1.2).
Thus, the coastline within this MU is classified as severely eroding of Class 1 (NCES 1985).
Erosion rate along this coastline between year 1965 and 2005 was found at -8.0 m per year.

Photo 1.2

1.1.1.2

1-2

Aerial photo view of Pantai Manis beach indicating coastal road is threatened by erosion (September
2005).

Coastal Structures / Protection

Coastline protection structures of Labuan blocks had been installed along the beach but they
produce little success in holding the shoreline and are within very poor condition.

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc4-14

Photo 1.3

1.1.1.3

Failing Labuan Blocks at Pantai Manis beach (3rd April 2012.)

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying the beach frontage along the
MUs shoreline, as shown inPhoto 1.4.

Photo 1.4

Low lying beach forest backing the beach of Pantai Manis (3rdApril 2012).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC4-14

1-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

1.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) much due to the sediment plume released from Sg. Papar (see
Photo 1.5).Major pollutants found are of suspended sediments and nutrients.

Photo 1.5

1.1.1.5

Near shore water along Pantai Manis beach which is turbid (3rd April 2012).

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

For the time being, the beach is visited occasionally by local residents. Few houses belong to
villagers are found behind the beach.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

1.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

1.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflict issue arise based on the current condition.

1.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism development with sufficient setback limit. Public recreational
facilities and amenities.

1.1.2

Features and Related Issues

1-4

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 1.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc4-14

Table 1.1

1.1.3

Features of MU C4-14 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Beach

Beach is affected by
erosion, however, beach
quality is still fairly good
(comparable e.g. with Tg.
Aru Beach in KK).

Public quality of life access to

beach areas.

Local community

Coastal road

Erosion has affected

small coastal road
running along the beach

Road is for access along the

beach; it does not restrict
access to any major villages or
infrastructure.
The few residents in the area
currently have access through
dirt roads.

Local inhabitants;
Recreational users of the beach

Recreation
facilities

Lost due to severe

erosion

Public quality of life - access to

beach and recreational amenity

Local community

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlinedin Table 1.2.
Table 1.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C4-14, PantaiManis, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Beach

Managed coastline retreat

Ensure setback limit of minimum 460 m from high water line

(HAT) is fulfilled
Remove Labuan blocks if considered a hazard to beach users
and small craft, replace with stable protection if the beach is
to be protected.

Coastal road

Manage retreat

Relocate coastal road inland if still required

Recreation
facilities

Restore basic public

amenities/ facilities

Remove old structures affected by erosion/ dilapidated

buildings that have not been maintained.
Construct basic amenities for the public.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC4-14

1-5

MUC4-15: Papar Islamic School

2.1

Description
This management unit (MU)consist of Papar Islamic School, located south of Kuala Papar.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC4-15

Figure 2.1

MU C4-15 overview map.

Photo 2.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Papar and Papar Islamic School, taken on 22ndAugust 2011.

2-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

2.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

2.1.1.1

Morphology
The once sandy beach that existed along this MUs shoreline has since been eroded mainly
caused by the reduction of sediment supply originating from Sg. Papar (on-going sand mining
operations in the river) aided by littoral transport in a southward net direction. Consequently,
the rock revetment built to protect the school has protruded into the near shore water (at high
tide) and this now blocks sediment transport heading to MU C4-14. Existing coastline is fixed
against movement by the revetment layers.
Thus, coastline within this MU is classified as severely eroding of Class 1 (NCES 1985).

2.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

In order to hold the shoreline retreat from destroying the school perimeter, a protection
measure of rock revetment (Photo 2.2) was built and recently fortified, signifying the severe
erosion rate occurring here.

Photo 2.2

2.1.1.3

Rock revetment layers (new and old) fronting shoreline of Papar Islamic School (2nd November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
2.1.1.4

2-2

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified as exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine
Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS)owing to sediment plume and debris released
from Sg. Papar (see Photo 2.3).Major pollutants found are of suspended sediments and
nutrients.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc4-15

Photo 2.3

2.1.1.5

Nearshore water next to Papar Islamic School which is turbid (2nd November 2011).

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Papar Islamic School is the only development that exists in this MU.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

No aquaculture activities are performed. Fishermen are reported to utilize the near shore water
for small scale fishery catching.
2.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

2.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Coastal protection works comprising of a rock revetment has caused downstream coastline
erosion/retreat at MU C4-14.

2.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for reinforcement of existing coastal protection structures.

2.1.2

Features and Related Issues

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC4-15

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 2.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

2-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 2.1

2.1.3

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

School

The school was

Major government school
constructed much to
serving Papar area
close to the shoreline,
necessitating the major
coastal protection works.
This coastal protection
restricts sacrificial
erosion in the area and
concentrates erosion
further to the south
around Pantai Manis
(MUC4-14).

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Local community

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2

2-4

Features of MU C4-15 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Management objective and strategy allocated for MU C4-15, Papar Islamic School, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

School

Protect school

Maintain coastal protection works (existing revetment).

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc4-15

MUC5-01: Kuala Papar

3.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the river mouth of Sg. Papar, Kuala Papar.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-01

Figure 3.1

MU C5-01 overview map.

Photo 3.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Papar taken on 22ndAugust 2011 (highlighted in red circle is mangrove
cleared for unknown development).

3-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

3.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

3.1.1.1

Morphology
River mouth of Sg. Papar has been morphologically active over the last few decades with its
southern bank eroding most of the time. This is mainly triggered by sand mining activities
upstream of the river which reduce sediment supply reaching the near shore zone. Littoral
transport too plays a role in moving the sediments. Sand bars form outside the river mouth that
force incoming waves to break on them thus limiting the wave action inside the river mouth.
Coastline within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 2 (NCES 1985).

3.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection structures are built within the river mouth. Few wooden jetties are found
at the southern river bank of Kuala Papar serving small fishing boats.

3.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

There is substantial coverage of mangroves and swamp forests behind the river mouth. Recent
aerial photo indicates that a portion of these forests had been cleared for unknown purpose
(Photo 3.1).
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
3.1.1.4

3-2

Water Quality
Near shore water is exceeding the standards classified within category of Class E (Malaysia
Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) in terms of suspended solids, nutrients
and faecal coli form. This is owing to significant amounts of sediment plume, nutrients and
wastes released from Sg. Papar. At the same time, large amounts of solid wastes and debris are
discharged from the river as well.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-01

Photo 3.2

3.1.1.5

Solid waste contamination (top image) and highly turbid water of Kuala Papar southern sand spit (bottom
image). Both images were taken on2nd November 2011 Low tide.

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Village of Kg. Kuala has settled along this portion of river bank. No settlement or economic
activity seen at the northern bank of Kuala Papar.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Fishermen are utilizing the river mouth as a navigational route in and out from the river. A few
jetties or docks exist along the rivers southern bank providing a landing spot for fishing boats.
3.1.1.6

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-01

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

3-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

3.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Two issues are concerned by stakeholders for the time being sand mining activities along Sg.
Papar (notably illegal operators) and mangrove clearing for development which shall be
prohibited.

3.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent public recreational facilities or
amenities while maintains existing traditional village settlement. River mouth improvement
works to address navigational and upstream flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed
coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land usage on the banks of river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement work structures but only subject
to state cabinet approval.

3.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 3.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 3.1

Features of MU C5-01 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

3.1.3

3-4

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

River and river Morphologically active

mouth

Navigation for fishermen

Sediment supply to coast,
important to adjacent MUs (C415 and C5-02).

Local fishermen
Local community and land
owners in adjacent MUs benefit
from sediment supply.

Mangroves

Potential loss due to

reclamation / conversion
of wetland areas.
Mangrove cleared for
possibly agriculture or
aquaculture development

Swamp areas maintain tidal

prism
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.
Breeding and nursery grounds
for fish fauna.
Wildlife habitat.

Local fishermen
Local community
Land owners in adjacent MUs
benefit from function of
mangroves in maintaining tidal
prism and filtering sediments
and pollutants.

Boat docking
area

Potential loss of access

due to uncontrolled
development
Potential loss of facilities
due to accretion

Docking point for fishing boat

Fishing community and local

villagers

Fishing village
(Kg. Kuala)

No issue

Settlement for local

communities and fishermen;
Location by river bank allows
for easy access to fishing
grounds.

Local villagers

Agriculture or
aquaculture
development
(presently
cleared land)

Loss of mangrove

Economic activity

Land owner/ developer

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 3.2.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-01

Table 3.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-01, Kuala Papar, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Preserve/Increase sediment
supply to prevent further
coastal erosion

Ensure that the total allowed amount of sand to be extracted

is limited by the overall annual sediment budget of the river
system
Monitor amount of sand being extracted

1.b

Preserve current condition of

river mouth

Development prohibited at the river mouth

1.c

Improve river mouth

navigability and flood
conveyance

River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)

to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

Mangroves

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Boat docking
area

Maintain/ improve boat

docking facility

Improve boat docking facilities

Fishing village
(Kg. Kuala)

4.a

Maintain and improve village

areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers
Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

4.b

Maintain access to river

banks for fishermen

Allocate part of riverbank boat landing

Restrict further land clearing

expansion into mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT) within
mangrove

River and river 1.a

mouth

Agriculture or
aquaculture
development
(presently
cleared land)

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-01

3-5

MUC5-02: Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat

4.1

Description
This management unit (MU)encompasses shoreline stretching from Kuala Papar (MU C5-01) till
Sg. Pengalat estuary tidal inlet (MU C5-03).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02

Figure 4.1

MU C5-02 overview map.

Photo 4.1

Oblique aerial photo view of sandy beach between Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat ( 22ndAugust 2011).

4-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

4.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

4.1.1.1

Morphology
Beach found in this management unit is generally non-attractive consisting of light brown
colour sand and unpleasant texture quality owing to the fine sediment received from Sg. Papar.
The beach is fairly wide (more than 50 m) with few portions of agricultural land (mainly water
melon farming) located in the immediate hinterland. Wave conditions reaching near shore is of
moderate strength all year long. Shoreline is relatively stable although suffering from minor to
mild erosion at certain areas. Few small scale protection structures are built to combat eroding
shoreline but they are not expected to impact the long shore sediment transport in the short
term.
Thus, coastline within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 3 (NCES 1985). Erosion rate along
this coastline between year 2004 and 2010 was found at -1.5 m per year.

4.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Among the coastal protection structures built include small stretches of wooden piles fronting a
water melon farm (refer Photo 4.2) and low lying seawalls fronting a private dwelling (see
Photo 4.3).

Photo 4.2

4-2

Watermelon farm protected by wood piles (22nd August 2011).

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-02

Photo 4.3

4.1.1.3

Mini seawall built in front a private residential (2nd November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation is of moderate thickness level populating along the undeveloped

shoreline, refer to Photo 4.4.

Photo 4.4

Beach forest located along the shoreline of this MU (2nd November 2011).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
4.1.1.4

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02

Water Quality
Near shore water quality within this MU exceeds standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to close proximity to Kuala Papar which releases
significant amount of sediment, nutrients and wastes. Major pollutants found are of suspended
sediments and nutrients.

4-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

4.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

A number of aquaculture ponds set behind the shoreline (at around 300 meters) along with a
few scattered individual houses and the village of Kg. Bundusan (further inland). Two new small
lodges are being built possibly meant for small scale tourism purposes, both located within a
sufficient setback limit from the shoreline (see Photo 4.5).

Photo 4.5

Small lodge built at a sufficient setback distance from shoreline (2nd November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

4.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

4.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Few agricultural plots are constructed close to the shoreline with no sufficient setback or forest
buffer zone.

4.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Restricted to low or medium density tourism developments outside coastal forest buffer zones.
Within buffer zones, only small scale developments of public recreation facilities or amenities
allowed.

4.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 4.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 4.1

Feature

4-4

Features of MU C5-02 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Open coastline Some slight erosion

(beach)

Tourism potential

Regional users and local

community

Coastal
vegetation

Buffers agricultural runoff to

the sea
Natural protection against
coastal erosion/storm surge

Coastal land owners

Disturbed/cleared in
places for agriculture

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-02

4.1.3

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Agriculture

Clearing of vegetation
without maintaining
buffer

Livelihood/economic wellbeing of farm owners

Produce important in
local/regional food supply

Local farmers
Regional economy and
consumers

Tourist lodge

No issue

Local economy
Tourists

Business owners
Local economy
Tourists

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-02, Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat, in order of
priority rank.

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Open coastline 1
(beach)

Manage coastline retreat

Development along the coastline shall not interrupt the

existing coastal processes
Ensure setback limit of minimum 135 m from high water line
(HAT) is fulfilled
Allow natural erosion (sacrificial buffer) along undeveloped
coastline

Coastal
vegetation

Preserve forest as buffer zone Incorporate coastal vegetation belt plan

Agriculture

Maintain agriculture area

Ensure further agricultural development abides by setback

and coastal buffer guidelines

Tourist lodge

Maintain / promote tourism

destination

Promote low to medium density tourism development

Ensure developments comply with local authority plan and
guidelines requirements

4-5

MUC5-02b: Immediate Hinterland of Pengalat

5.1

Description
The hinterland zone behind MU C5-02 has been allocated as a sub management unit primarily to
protect its mangrove/wetland forests.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02b

Figure 5.1

MU C5-02b overview map.

Photo 5.1

Oblique aerial photo view of hinterland, highlighted by red circle, between Sg. Papar to Sg. Pengalat
(22ndAugust 2011).

5-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

5.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

5.1.1.1

Morphology
Coastal morphology is non-existing as no changes are actively underway at present. The Edge of
Sg. Papar and Sg. Pengalat where mangroves are intact are covered within the sub MU boundary.

5.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline within the sub MU.

5.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Swamp forests of mixed nipah are found across the wetland associated with Sg. Papar and Sg.
Pengalat tributaries.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found as the sub MU covers the hinterland area.
5.1.1.4

Water Quality
Wetlands water quality status is unknown, however may be affected by agricultural runoff and
domestic wastes from villages.

5.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

No settlement exists within this sub MU. Nearest settlement is Kg. Bundusan to the north of the
sub MU.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Few aquaculture ponds are operating and located in between the shoreline of MU C5-02 and the
sub MU as well as at the edge of Kg. Bundusan intact with the mangrove.
5.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

5.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Mangroves are cleared for road construction and aquaculture ponds development.

5.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways.

5.1.2

Features and Related Issues

5-2

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 5.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02b

Table 5.1

5.1.3

Features of MU C5-02b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Mangrove /
swamp

Loss of mangrove area

due to conversion to
aquaculture
Potential for future
development pressure
around Kg. Bundusan to
encroach in mangrove
area.

Mangroves filter sediments and Local fishermen

pollutants.
Local community
Breeding and nursery grounds Aquaculture owners
for fish fauna.
Wildlife habitat.

River (water
body)

No issue

Navigation use by local

fishermen
Water supply for aquaculture
development

Local fishermen
Aquaculture businesses

Villages and
housing [Kg.
Bundusan]

No issue

Human/ property/community
value

Local residents

Aquaculture
ponds

Discharges to river may

result in water pollution
Conversion of mangrove
area to ponds

Livelihood/ economic
wellbeing of aquaculture farm
owners
Local food supply

Aquaculture business owners

Regional economy and
consumers

Agriculture

Potential excessive
fertiliser and pesticide
use in sandy soils
contributes to water
pollution

Livelihood/ economic wellbeing of farm owners

Produce important in local /
regional food supply

Local farmers
Regional economy and
consumers

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-02b

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-02b, immediate hinterland of Sg. Pengalat, in
order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Villages and
housing [Kg.
Bundusan]

Maintain and improve village

areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers
Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Mangroves /
swamp

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

River (water
body)

Preserve/improve water
quality status

Ensure that additional aquaculture activities do not impact

water quality within river system (carrying capacity study
required)
Promote good agricultural practices with limitations on
pesticide and fertiliser application

Aquaculture
ponds

Preserve aquaculture area

Ensure farms receive recommendations from Fishery

Department
Prescribe fulfillment of Good Aquaculture Practice (GAqP)
guidelines for existing and new farms
Monitor farm activities and water quality
Prohibit development of new ponds

Agriculture

Maintain agricultural areas

Maintain agricultural areas

Promote good agricultural practices e.g. limiting pesticide
and fertiliser application

5-3

MUC5-03: Sg. Pengalat Estuary

6.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the estuary and tidal inlet of Sg. Pengalat.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-03

Figure 6.1

MU C5-03 overview map.

Photo 6.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Pengalat estuary tidal inlettaken on 22ndAugust 2011.

6-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

6.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

6.1.1.1

Morphology
Tidal inlet of Sg. Pengalat is relatively small in size and is morphologically active as indicated by
its sand spit movement which at the time being is accreting southward. Migration of this sand
spit is evident due to a series of re-curved ridges. Sediments are deposited as the spit lengthens
or as sand migrates from one end towards the other. Sediments originating from this river feed
the nearby coastal cells and maintain their stability. Dynamic movement of river mouth
morphology is shown by the erosion behind the tidal inlet which is slowly encroaching onto the
coastal road built along the river bank.
Coastline around the tidal inlet and its associated coastline are classified as eroding of Class 2
(NCES 1985).

6.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline or inlet. Within the estuary,
few wooden jetties are constructed.

6.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

The estuary of Pengalat covers a dense population of mangroves along Sg. Pengalat and is being
threatened or stressed from the on-going development expansion.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
6.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore waters at the estuary inlet is classified within the standard of Class E (Malaysia
Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) with slight turbidity owing to sediment
plume originating from Sg. Pengalat.

6.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

The unit is primarily agricultural land with some aquaculture ponds. There are houses nearby
the river banks but no water villages. There are two jetties inside the river mouth and the river
mouth is used for navigation by these and other villages upstream.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Small scaled aquaculture ponds are seen along the downstream river bank.
6.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

6.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Clearing of mangroves was detected at the inland boundary of this management unit for
agricultural activities, covering approximately 6.5 Ha of area.

6.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways. River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID.

6-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-03

Land usage on the banks of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent
improvement work structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

6.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 6.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 6.1

6.1.3

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Mangroves

Potential loss due to

aquaculture

Biodiversity value
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.
Breeding and nursery grounds
for fish fauna.
Wildlife habitat.

Local fishermen
Local community
Aquaculture owners

Sand Spit

Morphologically active

Maintains tidal flow between

the estuary and open coastal
water
Supplies sediments to the
adjacent shorelines

Users of adjacent shorelines

Village
housing

Sewage and solid waste

generation

Human/ property/community
value

Local residents

Aquaculture
ponds

Discharges to river may

result in water pollution
Conversion of mangrove
area to ponds

Livelihood/ economic
wellbeing of aquaculture farm
owners
Local food supply

Aquaculture business owners

Regional economy and
consumers

Agriculture

Potential excessive
fertiliser and pesticide
use in sandy soils
contributes to water
pollution

Livelihood/ economic wellbeing of farm owners

Produce important in local /
regional food supply

Local farmers
Regional economy and
consumers

River and river Navigation for fishermen

mouth

Allows fishermen to carry out

their fishing activity in the sea

Local fishermen

Boat landing
area

None

Human/ property/community
value

Individuals

Coastal road

Erosion

Human/ community value

Local land owners and

residents in this area

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-03

Features of MU C5-03 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-03, Sg. Pengalat Estuary, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

Conserve mangrove

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Sand Spit

Allow for morphological

fluctuations

135 m setback from high water line (HAT) for shoreline /

river mouth on south western spit
60m setback from high water line (HAT) on the landward
river bank (coastal road section)
Development prohibited on narrow portion of north eastern
spit (near river mouth)

6-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

6-4

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Village
housing

3.a

Maintain and improve village

areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers

3.b

Maintain village sanitation

and cleanliness

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Aquaculture
ponds

Preserve aquaculture area

Ensure farms receive recommendations from Fishery

Department
Prescribe fulfillment of Good Aquaculture Practice (GAqP)
guidelines for existing farms
Monitor farm activities and water quality
Prohibit development of new ponds

Agriculture

Maintain agricultural areas

Promote good agricultural practices e.g. limiting pesticide

and fertiliser application

6.a
River and river
mouth
6.b

Preserve current condition of

river mouth

Development prohibited at the river mouth

Improve river mouth

navigability and flood
conveyance

River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)

to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

Boat landing
area

Improve boat landing facility

Upgrade berthing structures

Coastal road

Coastal road to be protected

for accessibility

Protect coastal road

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-03

MUC5-04: Summer Bay Melinsung

7.1

Description
This management unit (MU) consist of the apartment estate of Summer Bay Melinsung as well as
its shoreline stretching from Sg. Pengalat (MU C5-03) to Tg. Melinsung (MU C5-05).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04

Figure 7.1

MU C5-04 overview map.

Photo 7.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Summer Bay Melinsung (22ndAugust 2011).

7-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

7.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

7.1.1.1

Morphology
Fronting the housing estate is a relatively wide and stable (little erosion) sandy beach of
moderate to good sand texture and fairly white in colour. Near shore areas within this MU
receive moderate wave attack throughout the year. Erosion rate along the coastline is calculated
at -1.5 m per year (based on aerial photo analysis from year 2005 to 2011).Thus, the coastline
within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 3 (NCES 1985).

7.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline. In the past, a wooden jetty
existed and protruded out to the coastal water but was destroyed in the last few years owing to
moderate wave attack in this area.

Photo 7.2

7.1.1.3

Wooden piles of destroyed jetty (2nd November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level populating along the undeveloped shoreline,
refer to Photo 7.3.

7-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-04

Photo 7.3

Belt of Casuarina trees along shoreline fronting Summery Bay Melinsung (2nd November 2011).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
7.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

7.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Melinsung Summer Bay consists of medium-size apartment blocks set in typical barracks style,
commonly found within the West Coast of Sabah. A setback limit of approximately 60 meters
from the beach line to its beach facilities is provided.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

7.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

7.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflict issue arise based on the current condition.

7.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Restricted to low or medium density housing, commercial or tourism developments.

7.1.2

Features and Related Issues

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 7.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

7-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 7.1

Features of MU C5-04 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

7.1.3

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Open coastline No issue

(beach)

Water recreational feature for

local communities

Local residents
Tourists and local tourism
industry

Beaech forest
(Casuarina)
belt

No issue

Buffer zone against coastline

erosion

Residential areas located

behind the vegetation

Housing and
residential
area

No issue

Meets housing needs for local

community
Weekend housing for city folks

Local community/ wider

society

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2

Feature

7-4

Issues associated with

feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-04, Summer Bay Melinsung, in order of priority
rank.

Objectives

Strategies

Open coastline 1
(beach)

Rank

Preserve current beach

condition

Ensure setback limit of minimum 115m from high water line

(HAT)

Beach forest
(Casuarina)
belt

Preserve forest as buffer zone Incorporate coastal vegetation belt plan

Carry out selective thinning if necessary

Housing and
residential
area

Maintain housing area and

beach amenity for public
access

Ensure facilities of housing estate well maintained for

public/resident usage
Promote land use compatible with recreational / tourism
uses of the beach

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-04

MUC5-04b: Melinsung Mangroves

8.1

Description
Mangrove forest located hinterland behind shoreline of MU C5-04 has been allocated as a sub
management unit (MU) primarily to protect its mangrove/wetland forests.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04b

Figure 8.1

MU C5-04b overview map.

Photo 8.1

Oblique aerial photo view of mangroves located south adjacent of Melinsung Summer Bay apartment,
highlighted by red circle (22ndAugust 2011).

8-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

8.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

8.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology features or activities exist as this sub MU covers the hinterland area.

8.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed.

8.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Swamp forests of mixed nipah are found across the wetland associated with Sg. Pengalat
tributary. Similar to other mangroves, it acts as habitats for multiple marine species and
enriches fishery sources. A section of road cuts through the mangrove forest into two patches,
separating the inner patch from Sg. Pengalat estuary.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found as it is separated from the coastal environment.

8.1.1.4

Water Quality
Wetlands water quality status is unknown, however may be affected by agricultural runoff and
domestic wastes from villages.

8.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

8.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

8.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Road was built and partly delineated the mangrove from the tributary of Sg. Pengalat.

8.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways.

8.1.2

Features and Related Issues

8-2

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 8.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04b

Table 8.1

8.1.3

Features of MU C5-04b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Mangroves

Conversion of mangrove
area to housing or other
development.

Breeding ground for various

marine species
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.

Local fishing communities

Villagers settling around the
mangroves

Village (along
river bank)

Sewage and solid waste

generation

Human/ property/community
value

Local residents

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-04b, Melinsung Mangrove, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

1.a

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

1.b

Maintain tidal prism in

mangrove

No reclamation allowed

2.a

Maintain and improve village

areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers

2.b

Maintain village sanitation

and cleanliness

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Village (along
river bank)

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-04b

8-3

MUC5-05: Tg. Melinsung

9.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the headland of Tg. Melinsung which is a hard point
feature found in this sub cell.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-05

Figure 9.1

MU C5-05 overview map.

Photo 9.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Melinsung headland (22ndAugust 2011).

9-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

9.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

9.1.1.1

Morphology
The headland of Tg. Melinsung is formed of harder rocks. It plays an essential role in stabilizing
and creating the existing coastline orientation in adjacent MU C5-04 and MU C5-06. There are
beaches to each side of the headland - the southern beach is narrow and the northern one is
wide but intersected by a small stream outlet. Limited sediment bypass is expected within
normal near shore climate conditions. However, during storm events, significant amounts of
sediments could bypass the headland. As the headland is a hard point feature surrounded by
rocks, its shoreline is relatively stable or unchanged.

9.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed around the headland.

9.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

The headland is thickly forested with typical hill forest.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
9.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS).No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

9.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented. The coastal highway linking KK to Papar is
located immediate behind the headland.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

9.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

9.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
A portion of the forest was cleared sometimes ago and has not been developed to date.

9.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Extensive forest clearing and developments that may affect headland stability prohibited.
Restricted to low or medium density tourism development.

9.1.2

Features and Related Issues

9-2

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 9.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-05

Table 9.1

9.1.3

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Forested
headland

Potential clearing for

development

Landscape/aesthetic value
Hard point structure stabilizing
beach on both side of headland

Local communities
Settlement and properties on
MUC5-06 and MUC5-04

Stream

None

Maintain discharge of runoff

from inland preventing flood

Settlement on hinterland

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 9.2.
Table 9.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-05

Features of MU C5-05 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-05, Tg. Melinsung, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Forested
headland

Preserve headland as
aesthetic landscape feature

Restrict any development which could destroy headland

stability and its vegetation/forest

Stream

Maintain stream outlet

Stream outlet training/ maintenance dredging

Monitoring and maintenance if required

9-3

10

MUC5-06: Tg. Melinsung to Sg. Kawang

10.1

Description
This management unit (MU) is bounded by Tg. Melinsung in the south and Sg. Kawang in the
north. It covers the beach of Beringgis, a popular tourist destination within the sub cell.

Figure 10.1

MU C5-06 overview map.

Photo 10.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Beringgis beach (22nd August 2011).

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-06

10-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

10.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

10.1.1.1

Morphology
The beach along this unit is less attractive than along Melinsung Summer Bay in terms of sand
texture quality. On the shoreline south of Starnis Resort, there appears to be some erosion of the
coastline as evidenced by the fallen trees lining the beach (Photo 10.2). Towards Sg. Kawang, the
shoreline is generally stable with little erosion observed. Similar to other areas within this
subcell, the near shore areas receive moderate wave attack all year long.
Thus, coastline fronting Beringgis and Starnis Resort is classified as eroding of Class 2 (NCES
1985) where erosion rate is assumed to be around -0.6 m per year. Coastline towards Sg.
Kawang is classified of Class 3 (NCES 1985) respectively.

Photo 10.2

10.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Coastal protection structures of various types had been constructed at these locations:
y
y

10-2

Erosion induced falling tree along beach south of Starnis Resort (2nd November 2011).

Beringgis Resort Approximately 100 m length of rock revetment (Photo 10.3)

Private Residential between Beringgis Resort and Starnis Resort Approximately 50 m
length of concrete seawall (Photo 10.3).

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-06

Photo 10.3

10.1.1.3

Rock revetment layered with sand at Beringgis Resort (left) and low lying concrete seawall at private
residential between Beringgis Resort and Starnis Resort (right).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level populates the undeveloped shoreline, refer to
Photo 10.4.

Photo 10.4

Terrestrial vegetation along shoreline fronting north of Beringgis Resort (2nd November 2011).

Marine Habitats

Three patches of outcrop reefs remain near the shoreline and their existence helps in shaping
the existing shoreline into slight embayments and salients (see Photo 10.5). Current condition of
these reefs is unknown but they used to be categorized as good quality in the past.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-06

10-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 10.5

Location of outcrop reefs within nearshore water of MU C5-06 (Satellite Image 2011).

10.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS).No major pollutants are found within near shore water
but the beach is partly polluted with rubbish particularly the one fronting the resorts.

10.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Beringgis Beach fronting the shoreline is popular among the locals for recreational activities,
fishing and apparently driving along the wide beach. Two major developments are found along
this stretch of shoreline, namely a medium class (3-star) Beringgis Resort and the newly
completed Starnis Resort.
From Beringgis continuing up to Sg. Kawang, there are a variety of land uses, including private
dwellings, a small family recreational park (KK Adventure Park), restaurant and Outward Bound
School located on the bank of Sg. Kawang.

10-4

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-06

Photo 10.6

KK Adventure Center (left) and Starnis Resort (right) located within MU C5-06. (photos taken on 2nd
November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

10.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

10.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

10.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low density tourism development.

10.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 10.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 10.1

Features of MU C5-06 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

10.1.3

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Open coastline Slight to moderate

(Sandy beach) coastline erosion

Important water recreational

feature
Tourist attraction owing to its
nice beach

Local visitors (e.g. from KK)

Tourists and local tourism
industry

Beringgis
Resort, Starnis
Resort and KK
Adventure
Centre

Slight erosion
threatening resorts

Attraction for international and

local tourists

Regional and local economies as 2

well as tourists

Coral reefs

Lack of information on
quality of reef

Marine biodiversity
Habitat for fish and other fauna

Local fishermen
Potentially tourists

Residential

Slight erosion
threatening residential

Settlement for local

communities

Local residents

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlinedin Table 10.2.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-06

10-5

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 10.2

Features

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C5-06, Tg. Melinsung to Sg. Kawang, in order of
priority rank.

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Manage coastline retreat

Development along the coastline shall not interrupt the

existing coastal processes
Ensure setback limit of minimum 90 m from high water line
(HAT) is fulfilled
Allow natural erosion (sacrificial buffer) along undeveloped
coastline

1.b

Maintain / promote tourism

destination

Promote land use compatible with recreational and tourism

uses of coastal area

Resorts

Protect resorts and lodges

against coastline erosion

Beach nourishment is encouraged to maintain the natural

asset (beach). Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to
demonstrate the applicability of a beach nourishment
schemed and assess impacts on adjacent coastline (within
sub-cell)
Hard protection structure is discouraged along the beach.
Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to demonstrate the
impacts of hard protection structures on adjacent coastline
(within the subcell)

Coral reefs

Conserve live coral reefs

Prohibit/ restrict activities that adversely impacts corals

EIA for any development in this or adjacent units must
demonstrate no to minor impacts to live corals

Residential

4.a

Maintain low density

development

Restrict any medium or large residential development within

this MU
Promote land use compatible with recreational and tourism
uses of coastal area.

4.b

Protect residential areas

against coastline erosion

Beach nourishment is encouraged to maintain the natural

asset (beach). Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to
demonstrate the applicability of a beach nourishment
schemed and assess impacts on adjacent coastline (within
sub-cell)
Hard protection structure is discouraged along the beach.
Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to demonstrate the
impacts of hard protection structures on adjacent coastline
(within the subcell)

Open coastline 1.a

10-6

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-06

11

MUC5-07: Sg. Kawang Mangroves

11.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the river mouth of Sg. Kawang and its tributary of mangrove
forest further inland.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-07

Figure 11.1

MU C5-07 overview map.

Photo 11.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Kawang and its mangrove forest (22ndAugust 2011).

11-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

11.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

11.1.1.1

Morphology
Coastal features located near shore of Sg. Kawang river mouth are similar to those commonly
found at other river mouths within the studied area. It possesses a shallow sand bar formed
right in front of the river mouth which forces the incoming waves to break over them.
Narrow sandy beaches are formed on the adjacent sides of the river. The river mouth is seen to
be morphologically stable for the time being with little change observed in the last few years.
However, this situation could be altered if significant changes occur upstream of the river
mouth.

11.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed at the river mouth and within the river.

11.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Sg. Kawang mangroves cover an area of 190 Ha (back in 2004) riverine mangroves swamp
extending approximately three kilometres inland from the coast.
The mangroves are mostly mature forests, with large trees at a low density and dominated by
Rhizophora apiculata. The southernmost portion of the Sg. Kawang mangroves have been
disturbed by the railroad track running through the back mangrove, leaving a small portion
which remains very disturbed (Photo 11.2).
Recent assessment (2011) on this mangrove swamp revealed clearing of mangroves,
approximately 2 Ha, for agricultural activities and building construction at the inland boundary
of this mangrove.

Photo 11.2

Inland portion of the Kawang mangroves as divided by the road and railway track. This remaining inland
portion appears more disturbed (Pictured dated to 2004).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.

11-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-07

11.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality at the river mouth is classified within the standard of Class E (Malaysia
Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within
near shore water or river mouth.

11.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Along the river bank, a few restaurants and a recreational centre are set up catering for local as
well as international tourists.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Small scale subsidence fishing activities are performed within the river and its associated
mangrove forest.
11.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

11.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Mangroves are cleared for various developments at hinterland, such as restaurant, recreational
activities and agriculture purpose.

11.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent recreation facilities or
amenities, building related to educational or eco-tourism and mangrove walk ways. River mouth
improvement works to address navigational and upstream flooding issues allowed, but
subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land usage on the banks of
river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent improvement work
structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

11.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 11.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 11.1

Feature

Features of MU C5-07 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

River and river None

mouth

Mangroves

Benefits provided by feature

Flushing at outlet minimises Residences and land uses

upstream flooding
upstream.
Serve as navigation route for Local community
small boats
Recreational users/ operators.

Potential loss due to Breeding ground for various

conversion to other land marine species
uses.
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.
Biodiversity value

Recreational
None
facilities and
dining
area,
Outward
bound school

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-07

Importance of feature

Local fishing communities

Villagers settling along the
estuaries
Biodiversity values benefit
wider society.

Human/ property/community Local residents,

value
Local tourists/ visitors

Rank
1

11-3

12

MU C5-08: Sg. Kawang to Kg. Kinarut Laut

12.1

Description
The management unit (MU) covers coastline stretching from Sg. Kawang river mouth to Kg.
Kinarut Laut.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-08

Figure 12.1

MU C5-08 overview map.

Photo 12.1

Oblique aerial photo view of ridge and headland between Sg. Kawang and Kg. Kinarut Laut (22nd August
2011).

12-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

12.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

12.1.1.1

Morphology
The coastline is characterised by a rocky headland and forested coastal ridge with a short
stretch of narrow sandy beach to the north of Sg. Kawang river mouth. This beach is relatively
stable owing to low wave penetration and hard point features of headlands as well as ridges.

12.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

12.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Vegetation within this MU is mainly identified as forested coastal ridge rising directly up from
the coastline.
Marine Habitats

Few patches of coral reefs remain along the management unit coastal water. However, their
conditions remain unknown, although they used to be categorized as good quality reefs.
Continuous sediment plume discharged from Sg. Kinarut may have degraded the reefs over the
time.
12.1.1.4

Water Quality
Nearshore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within nearshore water.

12.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

No settlement is found within this unit. The Outward Bound School located in MU C5-07 also
utilises the shoreline in this MU for recreational activities.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

12.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

12.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

12.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent recreation facilities or
amenities, building related to educational or eco-tourism.

12.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 12.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

12-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-08

Table 12.1

12.1.3

Features of MU C5-08 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Coral reefs

Lack of information on
quality of reef

Marine biodiversity
Habitat for fish and other fauna

Local fishermen
Potentially tourists

Rocky coast
with pocket
beaches

None

Landscape/aesthetic value

Tourists
Local communities

Headlands /
None
Vegetated hills

Landscape/aesthetic value

Local communities

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 12.2.
Table 12.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-08

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-08, Sg. Kawang to Kg. Kinarut Laut, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Coral reefs

Conserve live coral reefs

Prohibit / restrict activities that adversely impact corals

EIA for any development within the sub-cell must
demonstrate no to minor impacts to live corals
Rehabilitate

Rocky coast
with pocket
beaches

Maintain natural shoreline

processes

Ensure setback limit of minimum 60m from high water line

(HAT)

Headland /
vegetated
hills

Preserve headland as
aesthetic landscape feature

Restrict any development which could destroy headland

stability and its vegetation/forest

12-3

13

MU C5-09: Kg. Kinarut Laut to Sg. Kinarut

13.1

Description
This management unit (MU) is characterised by coastal settlements of Kg. Kinarut Laut,
clustered along the shoreline.

Figure 13.1

MU C5-09 overview map.

Photo 13.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kg. Kinarut Laut, south of Sg. Kinarut river mouth.

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-09

13-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

13.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

13.1.1.1

Morphology
Narrow sandy beaches can be found along the shoreline with a forested coastal ridge rising
directly up from the coastline ending at the river mouth. The village houses are built very close
to each other and set within the coconut trees that line the shoreline. The shoreline is eroding
and the seawall has failed and as a consequence, houses and facilities (such as a mosque) along
the shoreline are in danger of being destroyed by erosion (see Photo 13.2). Thus, coastline
within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 1 (NCES 1985). A new road has been built from
the KK Papar road linking to the village but the pavement condition is not very good.

Photo 13.2

13-2

Damaged seawall at Kg. Kinarut Laut (3rd November 2011).

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-09

13.1.1.2

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Erosion has affected some areas of beach vegetation along this stretch in particular in Kg.
Kinarut Laut shown in Photo 13.3. Thick hill terrestrial vegetation still exists immediately
behind the village and separates the village from the hinterland flat plain.

Photo 13.3

Erosion affecting coastal vegetation in Kg. Kinarut Laut (3rd November 2011).

Marine Habitats

There are, patches of reef extending down from south of Sg. Kinarut to Tg. Melinsung. Data from
1998 indicated that these reefs are Good quality reefs. The present status of the reef may have
since deteriorated owing to the relatively poor water quality within the area, in particular
suspended sediment loads from Sg. Kinarut.
Despite the threats, good quality reefs remain at the south of Sg. Kinarut (although current
status is uncertain). It is therefore proposed that these areas are prioritised for conservation.
13.1.1.3

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Major pollutants found are of nutrients.

13.1.1.4

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

The fishing village of Kg. Kinarut Laut is the only settlement residing within the MU.
Traditionally, the villagers were primarily engaged in fishing but this is becoming an
increasingly side occupation as more and more people are employed out in the towns.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

13.1.1.5

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

13.1.1.6

Conflicting Issues
Extensive forest clearing and developments that may affect headland stability prohibited. Small
scale village housing landward of existing houses allowed.

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-09

13-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

13.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 13.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 13.1

13.1.3

Features of MU C5-09 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Village

Failing seawall thus

produce immediate risk
to houses and mosque

Traditional settlement for

local villagers
Human/ property/community
value

Villagers

Open
Coastline
(Narrow
sandy beach)

Erosion

Landscape value
Landing of fishing boats along
the beach

Local residents
Local fishermen

Vegetated
hills

None

Landscape/aesthetic value

Villagers
Local visual catchment

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 13.2.
Table 13.2

13-4

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-09, Kg. Kinarut Laut, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Village

1.a

Protect against
erosion

coastline

Reinforce existing seawall which is failing or construct a

new coast protection structure.
Relocate severely affect houses and mosque to new location
preferably inland (within village)
Ensure setback limit of minimum 60 m from high water line
(HAT) is fulfilled for new development.

1.b

Maintain
and
village areas

improve

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Open
coastline
(narrow
sandy Beach)

Maintain natural shoreline

processes

Ensure setback limit of minimum 60m from high water line

(or from the limit of morphological activity) is fulfilled

Vegetated
hills

Preserve
headland
as
aesthetic landscape feature

Restrict any development which could destroy headland

stability and its vegetation/forest

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-09

14

MU C5-10: Sg. Kinarut Mangroves

14.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the river mouth of Sg. Kinarut and its associated
mangrove tributary.

Figure 14.1

MU C5-10 overview map.

Photo 14.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Kinarut river mouth, Kuala Kinarut (22nd August 2011).

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-10

14-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

14.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

14.1.1.1

Morphology
River mouth of Sg. Kinarut is relatively shallow and sheltered by the offshore islands of Dinawan
and Mantukud as well as the surrounding sand bars. Construction of Palm Beach housing estate
(MUC5-11) has changed the river mouth landscape. The coastline has been altered to the North
with the addition of some coastal protection structures and some sedimentation / erosion
occurs over time. South of the river mouth, a hard point feature exists which maintains the river
mouth coastline in its position over the time. Little changes were seen at the river mouth and its
associated coastline over the past years owing to weak wave exposure and largely untouched
inland catchment areas.

14.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

14.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Sg. Kinarut mangroves are dominated by Rhizophora apiculata. These are mostly mature forests,
with large trees at a low density (Photo 14.2). It covers an area of approximately 100ha. The
Kinarut mangroves have been bisected by the main road, making access into the mangroves
easier and resulting in some disturbance around the edges. Portions of the mangrove near the
river mouth were also cleared and filled notably for Palm Beach Villa housing development
located at Kuala Kinarut (completed by 2005). No additional clearing activities have been
observed since 2005.

Photo 14.2

Mature Rhizophora dominates the Sg. Kinarut mangroves (2004)

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
14.1.1.4

14-2

Water Quality
Nearshore water quality at the river mouth is exceeding the standard of Class E (Malaysia
Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) owing to greater amount of nutrient
discharged from hinterland. Major pollutants found are of nutrients and faecal coliform.

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-10

14.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented. However, local fishermen utilized the river
mouth to access sea from river.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Fishing activities are reported within the river mangroves.

14.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

14.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

14.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways. River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID.
Land usage on the banks of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent
improvement work structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

14.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 14.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 14.1

14.1.3

Features of MU C5-10 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Mangroves

Potential loss due to

reclamation
and
conversion to housing
and other development

Breeding
and
nursery
grounds for fish fauna.
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.
Wildlife habitat.
Biodiversity value

Local fishing communities

Biodiversity
and
habitat
values benefit wider society.

River
and
river mouth

Small boat navigation

Sediment supply to nearshore

sediment cell
Serves as navigation route for
small boats

Local communities who utilize

the river mouth as navigation
route

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 14.2.

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-10

14-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 14.2

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-10, Sg. Kinarut Mangroves, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

2.a

Preserve current condition

of river mouth

Development prohibited at the river mouth

2.b

Improve
river
navigability
and
conveyance

River mouth improvement works (training and/or

dredging) to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream
flooding and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed
coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID

River
and
river mouth

14-4

mouth
flood

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-10

15

MU C5-11: Palm Beach

15.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses Palm Beach Villa housing estate development (Photo
15.1) located north of Kuala Kinarut.

Figure 15.1

MU C5-11 overview map.

Photo 15.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Palm Beach Villa, on the northern bank of Kuala Kinarut (22nd August 2011).

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-11

15-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

15.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

15.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology features or activities exist as the coastline has now been fixed by some
form of protection and the villas are partially protected by a rubble mound structure. Large
amounts of sediments are seen to be in front of the villas as observed from the sand bar
formation, however mangroves previously here have now disappeared either due to erosion or
construction damage (see Photo 15.2). In addition, insufficient setback limit, low platform levels
coupled with failing coastal protection structures pose a risk to shoreward residential houses.

Photo 15.2

15.1.1.2

15-2

Shallow sand bar formed fronting coastline of Palm Beach Villa (2 nd November 2011).

Coastal Structures / Protection

What appears to be an inappropriately designed rock revetment layer (rubble mound structure)
is seen fronting the Palm Beach housing estate and it appears to be failing structurally and being
overtopped by waves / high tides as shown in Photo 15.3. This structure partially blocks
sediment transport from Sg. Kinarut heading northward to Kinarut Beach.

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-11

Photo 15.3

15.1.1.3

Failing rock revetment at Palm Beach (2nd November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline as it is fully protected.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
15.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Major pollutants found are of nutrients and faecal coliform.

15.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

The Palm Beach Villa housing estate is the sole land use within the MU.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

15.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

15.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
In 2004, mangroves along the northern river bank of Sg. Kinarut were cleared and reclaimed to
make way for the housing development (as shown in Photo 15.4) which is strictly prohibited
under SMP guidelines. The road fronting the houses along the shoreline is directly on the beach
crest.

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-11

15-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 15.4

Remaining mangroves from the Palm Beach housing development (13 th September 2004).

Flooding occasionally occurs for the houses fronting the sea, notably during storm or high tide
event, attributed by low platform level.
15.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for reinforcement of existing coastal protection structures.

15.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 15.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 15.1

15.1.3

Features of MU C5-11 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Mangroves

Potential loss due to

reclamation
and
conversion to housing
and other development

Breeding
and
nursery
grounds for fish fauna.
Mangroves filter sediments,
retain and recycle nutrients
/toxicants.
Wildlife habitat.
Biodiversity value

Local fishing communities

Biodiversity
and
habitat
values benefit wider society.

River
and
river mouth

Small boat navigation

Sediment supply to nearshore

sediment cell
Serves as navigation route for
small boats

Local
communities
who
utilize the river mouth as
navigation route

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 15.2.

15-4

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-11

Table 15.2

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-11

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-11, Palm Beach, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Housing
development

Maintain
development

Strategies
housing

Upgrade existing coastal protection or sea defence

15-5

16

MU C5-12: Kinarut Beach

16.1

Description
This management unit (MU) stretch from Palm Beach housing estate (MUC5-11), in the south,
towards the Lok Kawi Reclamation Block (MUC5-14), in the north (Figure 16.1).

Figure 16.1

MU C5-12 overview map.

Photo 16.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kinarut Beach (22nd August 2011).

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-12

16-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

16.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

16.1.1.1

Morphology
The shoreline along this beach is undergoing minor rates of erosion as seen from tree roots
exposure (see Photo 16.2). Limited wave action is reaching the shoreline due to protection
offered by nearby islands and reefs. The beach is of moderate sand quality but narrow and only
useable at low tides (when it is possible to walk along). Few of the resorts are built with limited
setback distance (see Photo 16.3).
Thus, coastline within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 3 (NCES 1985). Erosion rate along
this coastline between year 2000 and 2010 was found at -0.9 m per year.

16.1.1.2

16-2

Photo 16.2

Exposed tree roots along Kinarut Beach indicating on-going erosion (2nd November 2011).

Photo 16.3

Seaside Travellers built north of Langkah Syabas Resort with setback distance less than 20 meters (2 nd
November 2011).

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-12

16.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Shoreline is mostly developed with little remaining of the sparse woodland found. Some of the
large undeveloped parcels of land are overgrown and left untouched by the locals.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
16.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). A few drains and outlets along the shoreline originating from
resorts and restaurants release grey water onto the beach (Photo 16.4). In some cases, this grey
water was trapped from being released into coastal water thus forming mini-pond causing
unpleasant view and odour. Thus, major pollutants found are of nutrients and faecal coliform.

Photo 16.4

16.1.1.5

Drains discharging untreated grey water from nearby resort and house into open sea (2 nd November 2011)

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Coastal land use is characterised by a mixture of kampung style houses, holiday accommodation
(Borneo Paradise, Langkah Syabas and Seaside Travellers Inn), some light industries,
warehouses, horse stables and open land. The unit is a popular tourism and recreation
destination for locals and foreign visitors. Further northward, village houses set behind and
within a belt of coastal vegetation.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Subsistence fishing is reported around the near shore reefs and islands.
16.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

16.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Few of the resorts and accommodation facilities were built without proper setback limit.

16.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism development.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-12

16-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

16.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 16.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 16.1

16.1.3

Features of MU C5-12 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Sandy beach

Erosion

Important
recreational
feature in the southern part of
study area.

Regional users
community

local

Resorts

Beach erosion

Attraction for international

and local tourists

Regional and local community

as well as tourists

Residential
area

Waste management

Settlement
communities

Local community

Recreational

None

Human/ property/community
value

Regional users and local

community as well as tourist

for

local

and

Rank

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 16.2.
Table 16.2

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Sandy beach

1.a

Manage coastline retreat

Development along the coastline shall not interrupt the

existing coastal processes
Ensure setback limit of minimum 105 m from high water
line (HAT) is fulfilled
Allow
natural erosion (sacrificial buffer) along
undeveloped coastline

1.b

Maintain/ improve water

quality status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

2.a

Maintain/ improve water

quality status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres

2.b

Maintain / promote tourism

destination

Further development of commercial and industrial uses is

not recommended
Promote small scale density tourism development

3.a

Maintain/ improve water

quality status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

3.b

Maintain residential

Promote low density residential development

Ensure land use compatible with recreational / tourism
uses of the beach

Maintain housing area and

beach amenity for public
access

Ensure facilities of housing estate well maintained for

public/resident usage
Allow small scale development for public usage

Resort

Residential

Recreation
facilities

16-4

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-12, Kinarut Beach, in order of priority rank.

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-12

17

MU C5-13: Kg. Karang to Lok Kawi Army Base

17.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the narrow lagoons shoreline created by the Lok
Kawi reclamation block and fronting the Lok Kawi town (Figure 17.1).

Figure 17.1

MU C5-13 overview map.

Photo 17.1

Oblique aerial photo view of the narrow lagoon sandwiched by the reclamation block and Lok Kawi town
(22nd August 2011).

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-13

17-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

17.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

17.1.1.1

Morphology
This stretch of shoreline is sheltered by the Lok Kawi reclamation land parcel reclaimed during
the late-90s, and as such, there is no sandy beach. Due to its narrow entrance width, flushing
capacity between the lagoon and open near shore water is limited causing poor water quality
condition.
Shoreline within the MU coastline was relatively unchanged over the past years with exception
to the sand spit formation towards the northern end of Kinarut Beach which is seen accreting at
the time being.

17.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

17.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Vegetation along the coastline is sparse limited to mixed horticulture and sparse woodland.
Some mangroves have colonised in the sheltered parts of the lagoon.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
17.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water inside the lagoon/channel quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2
(Malaysia Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) aided by the poor flushing and
the disposal of rubbish and sewage from Kg. Karang water village (refer to Photo 17.2). Major
pollutants found are of nutrients and faecal coliform.

Photo 17.2

Kg. Karang located behind Lok Kawi reclamation land (left, 22ndAugust 2011) and poor coastal water
condition within the lagoon (right, 3rd November 2011)

Hinterland from the water village, dense housing estate (Taman Pandan and Taman Layang)
and shop lots of Lok Kawi Township too discharge significant amount of runoffs and grey water
into the lagoon through various drain outlets along the shoreline.
17.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Water villages (fishing village), Kg. Karang and Kg. Bahru, lining mainland shoreline with built
up residential and commercial areas of the Lok Kawi township inland.

17-2

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-13

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Nearshore fishing grounds reported outside of the lagoon.

17.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

17.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Water village does not possess proper waste management system which discharges significant
amount of wastes into the lagoon.

17.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Expansion of water village restricted. High density housing development behind water village.

17.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 17.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 17.1

17.1.3

Features of MU C5-13 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Water
villages

Waste management and

water pollution

Traditional fishing village

Villagers

Drainage
interceptor
channel

Sedimentation
Poor water quality

To isolate potential tourism

development on reclamation
area from mainland housing
and commercial development.
Provides coastal access for
fishermen

Future land owners/ users of

reclamation area
Local fishermen

Housing
estates

None

Settlement for local

communities

Local residents

Commercial
lots

None

Important in establishing a
diversity of job opportunities

Regional and local community

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 17.2.
Table 17.2

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-13

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-13, Kg. Karang to Lok Kawi Army Base, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Water
villages

1.a

Improve water quality

status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

1.b

Restrict further expansion

of water village

Restrict or control expansion of water village area; no new

houses unless connected to sewage/ rated waste
management system

Drainage
interceptor
channel

Maintain drainage function

and flushing

Drainage channel improvement work to enhance flushing

(dredging to increase cross section area)

Housing
estates

3.a

Maintain residential area

allocation

Maintain residential area zoning

3.b

Improve water quality

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

17-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Feature

Commercial
lots

17-4

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

status

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

4.a

Maintain commercial area

allocation

Maintain commercial area zoning

4.b

Improve water quality

status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-13

18

MU C5-14: Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase I

18.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the zone proposed for Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster plan Phase
I which stretch from the reclaimed land parcel (north of MUC5-13) northward till Tg. Dumpil
(MUC5-18) as shown in Figure 18.1.

Figure 18.1

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-14

MU C5-14 Overview map.

18-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Figure 18.2

Layout plan for Kinarut Tourism Development Cluster proposed under West Coast SMP.

18.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

18.1.1.1

Morphology
Nearshore area consists of relatively flat sea bed associated with relatively weak wave attacks
all year round. Shelter is provided against Southwest monsoons by the cluster of islands and
reefs surrounding Pulau Dinawan and Mantukud. Whereas during Northeast monsoon, sand
bars fronting Tg. Dumpil provide the corresponding shelter effect for this area.
Coastline along the reclaimed Lok Kawi parcel as well as fronting the coastal highway is fixed
against any movement as protection structures are installed.

18.1.1.2

18-2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Rock revetment was constructed around the reclaimed land (of approximately 60 Ha,
immediately west of the previous management unit) and along shoreline fronting the KK
Papar coastal highway. Both of these structures are within sound condition.

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-14

Photo 18.1

18.1.1.3

Rock revetment layered around the reclaimed land parcel (3 rd November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Young casuarinas are found thriving on the reclaimed land.

Marine Habitats

Patches of coral reefs are still found in the near shore water but their condition are mostly of
poor quality.
18.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Major pollutants found are of suspended sediments.

18.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

18.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

Kinarut Integrated Tourism Development Cluster encompassing island reclamations up till Tg.
Dumpil is proposed.
The proposed Kinarut Integrated Tourism Development Cluster (also known as Kinarut
Tourism Development Cluster) adopted under draft Putatan Local Plan of 1998 never
materialized see Figure 18.2, the cluster area is now demarcated into a number of individual
owners each has their own proposed development plan. Two separate tourism development
plans were launched on Cluster Phase I. Phase II of the development will be of reclaimed land
spawning from Tg. Dumpil offshore sand bar to north of cluster Phase I. Phase II should in
principle not be initiated till Phase I is completed, but if a strict phasing from north towards
south (due to the predominant wave and sediment transport and the associated potential
morphological impacts), a start of Phase II without Phase I completed is possible.

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-14

18-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

18.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Reclamations will compromise the coral reefs found within the near shore water.
Configuration of the reclamation is such that it has had negative effects on the near shore water
quality.

18.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density tourism development with limited impacts onto nearby MUs of C5-12 (Kinarut
Beach), C5-15 (Meruntum Lagoon North) and C5-21 (Pulau Dinawan).

18.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 18.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 18.1

18.1.3

Features of MU C5-14 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Existing
reclamation

Unutilised
Poor water quality

Future potential for tourism

development

(potential) Tourists, regional

and local economy

Proposed
reclamation
cluster

Poor water quality in

nearshore areas from
land based sources

Future potential for tourism

development

(potential) Tourists, regional

and local economy

Coral reefs

Poor quality coral reef,

affected
by
high
turbidity.

Marine biodiversity
Habitat for fish and other
fauna

Local fishermen

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 18.2.
Table 18.2

18-4

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-14, Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase I, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Existing
reclamation

Promote
tourism
development;
integrated
within
proposed
tourism
cluster

Integrated tourism development in line with planned

Tourism Cluster
Design to incorporate water front/ beaches with
improved water quality
Ensure near shore water quality along the existing
coastline is not compromised
Unless detailed studies proved otherwise reclamation
not allowed

Proposed
reclamation
cluster

Promote
tourism
development;
integrated
within
proposed
tourism
cluster

Integrated tourism development in line with planned

Tourism Cluster
Design to incorporate water front/ beaches with
improved water quality
Ensure near shore water quality along the existing
coastline is not compromised
Unless detailed studies proved otherwise reclamation
not allowed

Coral reefs

3.a

Conserve live coral reefs

seaward of the proposed
tourism cluster

Rehabilitate

3.b

Permit loss of poor quality reef

within
proposed
tourism
cluster reclamation area

Not required

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-14

19

MU C5-15: Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase II

19.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the zone proposed for Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster plan of
Phase II, located north of Phase I, as shown in Figure 19.1.

Figure 19.1

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-15

MU C5-15 Overview map.

19-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Figure 19.2

Layout plan for Kinarut Tourism Development Cluster proposed under West Coast SMP.

19.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

19.1.1.1

Morphology
Near shore area consists of relatively flat sea bed and sand bar formed offshore of Tg. Dumpil.
Shelter is provided against Southwest monsoons by the cluster of islands and reefs surrounding
Pulau Dinawan and Mantukud. Whereas during Northeast monsoon, sand bars fronting Tg.
Dumpil provide the corresponding shelter effect for this area.

19.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal structure or protection structure is found as no shoreline is covered.

19.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found as no shoreline is covered.

Marine Habitats

Patches of coral reefs are still found in the near shore water but their condition are mostly of
poor quality.
19.1.1.4

19-2

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Major pollutants found are of suspended sediments reaching
from Sg. Petagas and Sg. Putatan.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-15

19.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

19.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

Kinarut Integrated Tourism Development Cluster encompassing island reclamations up till Tg.
Dumpil is proposed.
The proposed Kinarut Integrated Tourism Development Cluster (also known as Kinarut
Tourism Development Cluster) adopted under draft Putatan Local Plan of 1998 never
materialized see Figure 19.2, the cluster area is now demarcated into a number of individual
owners each has their own proposed development plan. Two separate tourism development
plans were launched on Cluster Phase I. Phase II of the development will be of reclaimed land
spawning from Tg. Dumpil offshore sand bar to north of cluster Phase I. Phase II should in
principle not be initiated till Phase I is completed, but if a strict phasing from north towards
south (due to the predominant wave and sediment transport and the associated potential
morphological impacts), a start of Phase II without Phase I completed is possible.

19.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Reclamations will compromise the coral reefs found within the near shore water.
Configuration of the reclamation is such that it has had negative effects on the near shore water
quality.

19.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density tourism development with limited impacts onto nearby MUs of C5-12 (Kinarut
Beach), C5-16 (Meruntum Lagoon North) and C5-22 (Pulau Dinawan).

19.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 19.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 19.1

19.1.3

Features of MU C5-15 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Existing
reclamation

Unutilised
Poor water quality

Future potential for tourism

development

(potential) Tourists, regional

and local economy

Proposed
reclamation
cluster

Poor water quality in

nearshore areas from
land based sources

Future potential for tourism

development

(potential) Tourists, regional

and local economy

Coral reefs

Poor quality coral reef,

affected
by
high
turbidity.

Marine biodiversity
Habitat for fish and other
fauna

Local fishermen

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 19.2.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-15

19-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 19.2

19-4

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-15, Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase II, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Existing
reclamation

Promote
tourism
development;
integrated
within proposed tourism
cluster

Integrated tourism development in line with planned

Tourism Cluster
Design to incorporate water front/ beaches with improved
water quality
Ensure near shore water quality along the existing coastline
is not compromised
Unless detailed studies proved otherwise reclamation not
allowed

Proposed
reclamation
cluster

Promote
tourism
development;
integrated
within proposed tourism
cluster

Integrated tourism development in line with planned

Tourism Cluster
Design to incorporate water front/ beaches with improved
water quality
Ensure near shore water quality along the existing coastline
is not compromised
Unless detailed studies proved otherwise reclamation not
allowed

Coral reefs

3.a

Conserve live coral reefs

seaward of the proposed
tourism cluster

Rehabilitate

3.b

Permit loss of poor quality

reef
within
proposed
tourism cluster reclamation
area

Not required

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-15

20

MU C5-16: Meruntum Lagoon North

20.1

Description
This management unit (MU) consists of the lagoon and sand spits at Meruntum, fronting the KK
Papar coastal highway.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-16

Figure 20.1

MU C5-16 overview map.

Photo 20.1

Meruntum Lagoon, with forested sand spit to the south and mangroves in the north. Oblique aerial photo
dated of 22nd August 2011.

20-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

20.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

20.1.1.1

Morphology
Nearshore area consists of relatively flat sea bed associated with relatively weak wave attacks
all year round. Shelter is provided against Southwest monsoons by the cluster of islands and
reefs surrounding Pulau Dinawan and Mantukud. Whereas during Northeast monsoons, sand
bars fronting Tg. Dumpil provide the corresponding shelter effect for this area. These sand spits
have been eroding over the last few decades and persist to date as evidenced by the large
number of fallen trees along the shoreline in the recent survey (see Photo 20.2). This is largely
due to sediment deficit caused by the reduction of sediment released from Sg. Putatan as well as
coastal protection features found in its adjacent MU of C5-14 and C5-17. Thus, coastlines within
this MU are classified as eroding of Class 2 (NCES 1985) with a yearly erosion rate of -8.5 m
(from year 2000 to 2011).
Sg. Meruntum is the major river flowing into the lagoon along with few other smaller drainage
outlets.

Photo 20.2

20.1.1.2

20-2

Eroding shoreline at sand spit of Meruntum lagoon resulted in fell tree (3 rd November 2011).

Coastal Structures / Protection

Coastal road along the landward boundary of the lagoon is fully protected by a rock revetment.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-16

Photo 20.3

20.1.1.3

Rock revetment layer protecting the KK Papar coastal highway (3rd November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Remaining mangroves (Avicennia sp.) can be found at the north of the lagoon but under threat
from erosion and pollutions. At the northern boundary of the mangroves, some encroachment
has occurred with mangrove conversion to bungalow housing.

Photo 20.4

Mangrove forests within Meruntum lagoon (3rd November 2011).

Marine Habitats

There are still seagrass beds within the lagoon but have since degraded owing to erosion and
pollutions. The seagrass beds are dominated by Enhalus acoroides and extend over 5 Ha.
Remaining seagrass areas are mainly in the north of the lagoon which are still healthy and serve
as important habitat for fishes and other marine fauna.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-16

20-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

20.1.1.4

Water Quality
Nearshore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Poor water quality, affected by discharges from Kg. Meruntum
and other drainage outlets. During low tide, the lagoon transforms into mudflats and the rubbish
from water villages are then exposed. Major pollutants found are of suspended sediments,
nutrients and faecal coliform.

20.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Kg. Meruntum is a water village located on the inner area between the sand spits and mainland,
with the houses lining the shoreline between 8-10 houses deep.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

The lagoon is frequented by local fishermen for fishing and shellfish collection along the
seagrass beds.
20.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

A reclamation and resort development within the southern part of the lagoon (Management unit
of Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster Phase) has been proposed by the Sabah Urban Development
Corporation (SUDC). The approved EIA for the proposal lapsed in 2003, thus any new
development would need a fresh EIA. Planning permission is however still valid and this
development has been incorporated in the Adopted Putatan Local Plan. As the resort is to be
located in the southern part of the lagoon, impacts to the mangrove and seagrass areas in the
north of the lagoon may be minimised. In the event the project is revived, particular attention
must be given to the mitigation of impacts during reclamation and construction to these habitats
within the lagoon, and the nearby coral reefs outside the lagoon, in particular the good quality
reefs at Pulau Dinawan. The lagoon has since been taken into account in the planned cluster
phases of Lok Kawi Tourism Cluster, which may restore and enhance the lagoon environment by
reclaiming seaward of the breached spit.

20.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Sea grass / lagoon habitat may be threatened by nearby tourism development cluster if
reclamation activity and development on reclaimed land is not properly controlled.
Restrict further expansion of water village. Relocate water village as a long term solution.

20.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to education or eco-tourism purpose, huts,
canopy walks, paths, benches.

20.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 20.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 20.1

20-4

Features of MU C5-16 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Seagrass

Threatened
by
sedimentation
and
water pollution; to a
lesser extent damage by
fishermen/
shellfish
harvesting.

Biodiversity
Sea grass stabilise sand and
mud banks
Sea grass beds provide nursery
and feeding grounds for a wide
variety of marine organisms

Fishermen
Biodiversity/ habitat value
for wider society (regional
scale).

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-16

20.1.3

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Lagoon

Active
morphology,
threatened by erosion.

Water
body
supporting
mangrove and sea grass areas,
fishing activities.

Local community

Mangroves

Loss of mangroves to
erosion.

Breeding ground for various

marine species
Trap sediments from being
released into the lagoon
Retain
and
recycle
nutrients/toxicants

Local community

Sg.
Meruntum

Water quality

Hinterland drainage

Inland land users

Water village

Water quality issues

due to release of
untreated sewage
Sanitation
and
cleanliness
issues
related
to
waste
disposal

Settlement for local village

community

Local villagers

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 20.2.
Table 20.2

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-16, Meruntum Lagoon North, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Seagrass

Conserve sea grass

No direct impacts (clearing) of sea grass area allowed

Improve water quality discharged from Sg. Meruntum and
nearby drainage outlets

Lagoon

Maintain / protect lagoon

integrity and flushing

Ensure tidal exchange is maintained

Mangrove

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Sg.
Meruntum

4.a

Improve
status

4.b

Maintain
flushing/
discharge capacity

Maintain river outlet area though dredging or training

5.a

Improve
status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

5.b

Relocation
transformation
village area

Water village

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-16

water

quality

water

quality

of

or
water

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Relocate water village

Allocate temporary measures to improve sanitation and
water quality conditions

20-5

21

MU C5-17: Sg. Putatan to Tg. Dumpil

21.1

Description
This management unit (MU) stretches from Sg. Putatan river mouth to Tg. Dumpil containing
features of jetty, Kuala Putatan, JKR Complex Putatan, small patch of mangroves and Bay View
Villa housing estate.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-17

Figure 21.1

MU C5-17 overview map.

Photo 21.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Putatan river mouth till Bay View Villa housing estate (22 nd August 2011).

21-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

21.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

21.1.1.1

Morphology
The majority of the coastline within this MU is protected by coastal structures that provide little
movement of shoreline. Consequently, sediment transport across this coastline is made difficult
which explains the on-going severe erosion occurring at Meruntum Lagoon North (MUC5-16).
Significant amounts of sediment are trapped by the abandoned jetty features south of Kuala
Putatan (see Photo 21.3). As the coastline is within a shelter area, limited wave activity is seen.
A narrow lagoon is seen between Bay View Villa housing estate and Tg. Dumpil but it has little
effect on the coastal morphology.
Erosion is also detected at the Sg. Putatan river mouth with failing of the river bank slopes and
revetment observed. This is induced by the reduction in sediment supply from Sg. Putatan over
the years upon its disconnection from Sg. Petagas some time ago which has since been
reconnected to Sg. Moyog (refer to Photo 21.2). Thus the coastline within this MU, around the
river mouth and fronting JKR complex, is classified as eroding of Class 1 (NCES 1985).

Photo 21.2

21.1.1.2

21-2

River bank slope failure at north of Sg. Putatan river mouth (3 rdNovember 2011).

Coastal Structures
The southern bank of the Putatan river mouth has an abandoned jetty which is protected by a
rock revetment while the rest of the shoreline is composed of a narrow beach formed from
sediment trapped by the protection structure. The northern bank is occupied by the JKR
complex, which is also protected by revetment. The entire seaward boundary of the Bay View
Villas is protected by a rock armour layer.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-17

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-17

Photo 21.3

Strip of narrow beach fronting the abandoned jetty rock revetment (3 rd November 2011).

Photo 21.4

Rock revetment layer backed by seawall along JKR Complex (3 rd November 2011).

Photo 21.5

Rock armour layer along Bay View Villa housing estate (3rd November 2011).

21-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

21.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

To the north of the JKR complex is a small stream with an associated mangrove swamp. The
mangrove swamp is now partially cleared paving way for access roads to the village and new
development sites.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
21.1.1.4

Water Quality
Nearshore water quality is exceeding both the standard of Class 2 and E (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) owing to sediments and wastes discharged from Sg.
Putatan. Additionally, a stream on the north of the JKR complex water is poor in quality and
produces a foul smell related to waste discharged from a nearby eatery stall (Photo 21.6).
Washed up rubbish is seen littering along the beach. Major pollutants found are of suspended
sediments, nutrients and faecal coliform.

Photo 21.6

21.1.1.5

Stream outlet north of JKR Complex discharging poor water quality into nearshore water (3 rd November
2011).

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Among the developments constructed within the MU are JKR Complex, Bay View Villa housing
estate, private residential and food stalls.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

No fishery or aquaculture activities exist within the MU for the time being.
21.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

21.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

21-4

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-17

21.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for reinforcement of existing coastal protection structures.
River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream flooding issues allowed,
but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land usage on the banks
of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent improvement work
structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

21.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 21.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 21.1

21.1.3

Features of MU C5-17 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Sg. Putatan
river mouth

Potential sedimentation
in river mouth
Erosion south of river
mouth

Outlet of drainage system

Regional users and local

community

Government
building

None

Community facility

Regional users and local

community

Mangroves

Encroachment from
development pressure

Breeding ground for various

marine species
Trap sediments from being
released into the lagoon
Retain and recycle
nutrients/toxicants

Local community

Reclamation/
housing

None

Meets housing needs for local

community

Local residents

Channel

Poor flushing
Poor water quality

Drainage system

Regional users and local

community

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 21.2.
Table 21.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-17

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-17, Sg. Putatan to Tg. Dumpil, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

River and
river mouth
(Sg. Putatan)

1.a

Preserve flushing capacity

Prohibit reclamations in the river to prevent reduction in

tidal prism

1.b

Preserve current condition

of river mouth

Development prohibited at the river mouth

1.c

Improve flood conveyance

River mouth improvement works (training and/or

dredging) to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream
flooding and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed
coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID

Government
building
(JKR)

Protection JKR complex

from coastline erosion

Protection by seawall or revetment recommended

Mangroves

Conserve mangroves

Protect mangrove area

Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

21-5

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

21-6

Reclamation/
housing

Protect against erosion

Ensure setback limit of minimum 60m from high water line

(HAT)
Ensure setback limit of minimum 20m if seawall is
constructed

Channel

Improve water quality

status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-17

22

MU C5-18: Tg. Dumpil

22.1

Description
This management unit (MU) is designated for the headland of Tg. Dumpil. The rocky headland of
Tg. Dumpil serves as delineation point for subcell of Tg. Aru and Kinarut.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-18

Figure 22.1

MU C5-18 overview map.

Photo 22.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Dumpil headland (22nd August 2011).

22-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

22.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

22.1.1.1

Morphology
Tg. Dumpil is a stable headland with a shallow sand bar formed near shore of the headland.
Sediments deposited here are mainly originated from Sg. Petagas notably during the Northeast
monsoon. No shoreline movement is seen at this rocky headland over the past years.

22.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

22.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

A belt of remaining forested vegetation lining the headland.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
22.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS), affected by high sediment loading from Sg. Petagas as shown in
Photo 22.1.

22.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

No settlement is found within the MU but a portion of the headland vegetation was cleared for
the development of an unknown feature.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

No fishery or aquaculture activities exist within the MU for the time being.
22.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

22.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

22.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development that may destroy headland stability or extensive forest clearing prohibited.

22.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 22.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

22-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-18

Table 22.1

22.1.3

Features of MU C5-18 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Headland

Loss of aesthetic value

due to clearing

Hardpoint feature

National and local community

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 22.2.
Table 22.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-18

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-18, Tg. Dumpil, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Headland

Preserve
headland
as
aesthetic landscape feature

Restrict any development which could destroy headland

stability and its vegetation/forest
The remaining spaces that are left within the area should be
turned into recreational space for the nearby communities
These open spaces as well as spaces at the corners of roads
and along the sea fronts should be landscaped with trees
and flowering plants in order to soften the otherwise
monotonous built environment

22-3

23

MU C5-19: Tg. Dumpil to Sg. Petagas

23.1

Description
This management unit (MU) stretches from Tg. Dumpil towards Kuala Petagas which is
characterised by built up areas of dense village houses and commercial shop lots further inland.

Figure 23.1

MU C5-19 overview map.

Photo 23.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Petagas river mouth and its south adjacent coastline (22 nd August 2011).

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-19

23-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

In general, the area is very unattractive for development purposes except at the southern end
towards the headland and requires initiatives for environmental improvement, both with
respect to reduced river pollution through improved catchment management and proper waste
disposal within the area itself.

23.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

23.1.1.1

Morphology
Construction of KKIA runway extension into Sg. Petagas river mouth in the last few years has led
to a drastic change in the local coastal environment. Shallow sand spits and bars are forming in
front of the river mouth affecting navigation accessibility in and out of the river. At the same
time the sea bed fronting the river mouth has become shallower. Shoreline further south of the
river mouth along Kg. Contoh is under critical erosion threat (Class 1 of NCES 1985). Most of the
houses are built directly on the shoreline with virtually no setback distance (Photo 23.2). A
narrow beach stretches from south of Kg. Contoh Petagas till Tg. Dumpil which is of moderate
quality, slightly eroding and polluted by rubbish. Coastline along this beach is classified as
eroding of Class 3 (NCES 1985). Erosion rate within this area between year 1997 and 2010 was
found at -1.3 m per year.

Photo 23.2

Failed seawall at Kg. Contoh Petagas (3rd November 2011).

23.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Temporary/interim protective structures were constructed at Kg. Contoh to manage the
erosion.

23.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline. Much of this area was
formerly coastal mangroves which has since been reclaimed and converted to housing.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.

23-2

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-19

23.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding both the standard of Class 2 and E (Malaysia Marine
Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to discharges from Sg. Petagas as well as
effluents and solid waste from the squatter housing locally and along the river bank (Photo
23.3). Major pollutants found are of suspended sediments, nutrients and faecal coliform.

Photo 23.3

23.1.1.5

Poor water quality at drain outlet within Kg. Contoh Petagas coastal houses (3 rd November 2011).

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Village houses along the coastline and river banks are built on stilts and there is extensive
housing outside the land parcels. There are some small-scale industries among the houses such
as those making roofing materials (tiles), railings and banisters, moulding materials etc. In
recent years, Balai Cerap Al-Biruni, an Islamic religious complex with the purpose of observing
astrology had been built south of Kg. Contoh Petagas (Photo 23.4).

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-19

23-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 23.4

Balai Cerap Al-Biruni, south of Kg. Contoh Petagas (3rd November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

23.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

There is a proposal to install approach lights for the Kota Kinabalu International Airport at the
southern end of runway extension.

23.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Construction of the approach lights within this area will constrain river mouth improvement
works.

23.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Village expansion restricted. Low or medium density housing or commercial development south
of Kg. Contoh. River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream flooding
issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land
usage on the banks of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent
improvement work structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

23.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 23.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

23-4

S1030-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc5-19

Table 23.1

23.1.3

Features of MU C5-19 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

River and
river mouth

Navigation for
fishermen
Sedimentation inside
river mouth
Poor water quality

Improve accessibility and

safety for boat navigation
Improve water quality status

Fishermen, local fishing

community

Village (Kg.
Contoh)

Severely threatened by
erosion

Protect against erosion

Fishermen, local fishing

community

Drainage

Waste management
Coastal flooding

Improve flushing capacity

Local communities

Open
coastline
(beach)

Mild erosion

Manage coastline retreat

Local communities

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 23.2.
In general, the direction of management strategies for the unit is to have Restricted Development.
Table 23.2

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-19, Tg. Dumpil to Sg. Petagas, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

River and
river mouth

1.a

Improve river mouth

navigability and flood
conveyance

River mouth improvement works (training and/or

dredging) to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream
flooding and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed
coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID

1.b

Improve water quality

status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Detailed study be carried out incorporated with the Tanjung Aru cell (Tg. Aru beautification project)

S1030-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC5-19

Village (Kg.
Contoh)

Protect against erosion

Ensure setback limit of minimum 125m from high water

line (HAT)
In the case of permanent seawall or revetment, a setback
limit of minimum 20m is required.

Drainage

Improve flushing capacity

Deepening of the channel by dredging or training to reduce

risk of flooding

Open
coastline
(beach)

Manage coastline retreat

Development along the coastline shall not interrupt the

existing coastal processes
Ensure setback limit of minimum 125 m from high water
line (HAT) is fulfilled
Allow natural erosion (sacrificial buffer) along
undeveloped coastline

23-5

24

MU C5-20: Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA)

24.1

Description
The management unit (MU) covers the entire land area of KKIA, inclusive of the reclaimed land
section north of Kuala Petagas (Figure 24.1).

Figure 24.1

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-20

MU C5-20 overview map.

24-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 24.1

Oblique aerial photo view of KKIA runway (22nd August 2011).

24.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

24.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology features or activities exist as the shoreline is fully protected with
revetment.

24.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

The entire shoreline within the management unit is protected with revetment. Majority of these
revetments are within sound condition.

24.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
24.1.1.4

Water Quality
Nearshore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Sediment plume and pollutants originating from Sg. Petagas
affects the nearshore water quality of the MU as indicated in Photo 24.1. Major pollutants found
are of suspended sediments, nutrients and faecal coliform.

24.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

KKIA is the only development that exists within the management unit. It is the second busiest
airport in Malaysia after KLIA. Air Asia has its hub in Terminal 2 of the KKIA, which was the
original and only terminal of the airport. Terminal upgrade and runway extension has been
performed in 2006 and has since been completed. This runway extension involves 36 Ha of

24-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-20

reclamation area and its impact on the coastal morphology of the surrounding environment has
been substantial.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

24.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

There is a proposal to install approach lights for Kota Kinabalu International Airport at the
southern end of runway extension.

24.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

24.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development restricted to reinforcement of existing coastal protection structures.

24.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 24.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 24.1

24.1.3

Features of MU C5-20 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Airport

None

Air transportation hub

International, regional
local communities
Tourists

Rank
and

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 24.2.
Table 24.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-20

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-20, Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA), in order of
priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Airport

Protect airport run way

Restricted development of existing revetment to be

maintained to ensure coastal sea defences and land
integrity.
Revetment also required once runway extension is erected
Permit Tg. Aru beach beautification / extension subject to
detailed technical requirement.

24-3

25

MU C5-20b: Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA)

Runway Extended

25.1

Description
This sub management unit (MU) covers the runway extended which was completed back in late
2000s (Figure 25.1).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-20b

Figure 25.1

MU C5-20b overview map.

Photo 25.1

Oblique aerial photo view of KKIA runway extension (22nd August 2011).

25-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

25.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

25.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology features or activities exist as the shoreline is fully protected with
revetment.

25.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

The entire shoreline within the sub management unit is protected with revetment. Majority of
these revetments are within sound condition.

25.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
25.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Sediment plume and pollutants originating from Sg. Petagas
affects the near shore water quality of the MU as indicated in Photo 25.1. Major pollutants found
are of suspended sediments, nutrients and faecal coliform.

25.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

KKIA is the only development that exists within the management unit. It is the second busiest
airport in Malaysia after KLIA. Air Asia has its hub in Terminal 2 of the KKIA, which was the
original and only terminal of the airport. Terminal upgrade and runway extension has been
performed in 2006 and has since been completed. This runway extension involves 36 Ha of
reclamation area and its impact on the coastal morphology of the surrounding environment has
been substantial.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

25.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

There is a proposal to install approach lights for Kota Kinabalu International Airport at the
southern end of runway extension.

25.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

25.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development restricted to reinforcement of existing coastal protection structures.

25.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 25.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

25-2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-20b

Table 25.1

25.1.3

Features of MU C5-20b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Airport
runway

None

Air transportation hub

International, regional
local communities
Tourists

Rank
and

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 25.2.
Table 25.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-20b

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-20b, Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) runway
extended, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Airport
runway

Protect airport run way

Restricted development of existing revetment to be

maintained to ensure coastal sea defences and land
integrity.
Revetment also required once runway extension is erected
Permit Tg. Aru beach beautification / extension subject to
detailed technical requirement.

25-3

26

MU C5-21: Tg. Aru Beach

26.1

Description
This management unit (MU) comprises the beaches of Tanjung Aru, popularly known as 1st, 2nd
and 3rd beaches (from Shangri-Las Tg. Aru Resort till KKIA reclaimed runway boundary).

Figure 26.1

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-21

MU C5-21 overview map.

26-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 26.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Aru Beach (22nd August 2011).

26.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

26.1.1.1

Morphology
Beach along the shoreline is relatively stable with minor erosion noticed at 3rd Beach, as seen by
its failing seawalls due to lack of sediment supply from the south (blocked by the runway
extension of KKIA, MU C5-20b). Northern beaches towards Tg. Aru (MU C6-01) are found to be
slowly accreting. Wave climate within the near shore water is relatively mild due to sheltering
provided by TARP islands to the north.
Thus the coastline along the 3rd Beach is classified as eroding of Class 2 (NCES 1985). Erosion
rate along this coastline between year 2004 and 2010 was found at -1.0 m per year.

26.1.1.2

26-2

Coastal Structures / Protection

There are several permanent and interim seawalls found at Tg. Aru 1st and 2nd beach as shown
in Photo 26.2. Most of them are in a degrading and dilapidated condition and need attention to
maintain or replace them with a coast protection system in line with the management plans.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-21

Photo 26.2

26.1.1.3

Failed seawall and sheet of piles at Tg. Aru 3 rd beach (4th November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Undeveloped coastline within this MU consists of Casuarina vegetation belt and other mature
and semi-mature trees.

Photo 26.3

Casuarina tree at Tg. Aru 1st beach (4th November 2011).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
26.1.1.4

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-21

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to numerous drains discharging polluted water directly into
the sea at both ends of the boulevard (as shown in Photo 26.4). Sediment plume discharged
from Sg. Petagas is also affecting the near shore water quality. All these had made water

26-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

recreational activities along the beach rather unpleasant. Major pollutants found are of nutrients
and faecal coliform.

Photo 26.4

26.1.1.5

Poor water quality discharged from food stalls drainage along Tg. Aru Beach (4th November 2011).

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Mixed land uses within the MU which includes Prince Philip Park, various restaurants, the
Kinabalu Golf Club, Kinabalu Yacht Club, hawker stalls (Anjung Perdana), open spaces (parking
lots) and a number of private residential. The Tanjung Aru beachfront, Anjung Perdana, has
been renovated and was reopened to the public in late May 2004. Its new look provides more
entertainment and food facilities. The existing cycling path towards the southern end of the park
needs repair and regular maintenance.

Photo 26.5

Food stalls centre at Tg. Aru Beach, Anjung Perdana (4 th November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

26-4

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-21

26.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

One of the recommendations in the Draft Kota Kinabalu Local Plan 2020 is the beautification of
Tg. Aru Beach that includes beach nourishment.

26.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Conflict of land use as residences converted to tourism or food and beverage outlets.

26.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism development.

26.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 26.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 26.1

26.1.3

Features of MU C5-21 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Drainage

Poor water quality

Blocked outlets

To discharge runoff from

hinterland

Local
communities
tourists

and

Open
coastline
(beach)

Mild
Erosion
(3rd
beach)
Poor water quality

The largest public beach in

Kota Kinabalu

Local
communities
tourists

and

Recreational
Areas, yacht
club,
golf
club

Cleanliness/
waste
management
(eatery/stall area in
particular)
Traffic
congestion
(accessibility)
Poor amenities

Public quality of life - access

to beach and recreational
amenity

Local
communities
tourists

and

Residences

Conflict of landuse
(converted to tourism
or food and beverage
outlet)
Waste
management
issues (grey water)

Residence
communities

Local residents

for

local

Rank

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 26.2.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-21

26-5

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 26.2

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-21, Tg.Aru Beach, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Drainage

1.a

Improve
status

1.b

Maintain discharge capacity

and
improve
drainage
system (divert outlets away
from beach area)

Relocate open drains to locations where they will not be

blocked due to sediment transport or consider discharge in
deeper water through pipe

2.a

Improve coastal protection

Ensure setback limit of minimum 110m from high water

line (HAT)

2.b

Improve
status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

3.a

Improve
amenity

recreational

The middle and southern areas could be developed for a

number of uses.

3.b

Improve protected areas/

seawalls,
which
are
degraded/ hazardous

Remove existing interim protection and replace by buried

protection (e.g. Flexi-Slab revetment combined with
nourishment).
Replace or repair seawall at First Beach creating
promenade feature

3.c

Improve
status

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

3.d

Traffic (master/ action plan

required)

Enlarge parking areas and ease access to beach and

restaurants.

4.a

Maintain private housing

areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

residents as well as aesthetically

4.b

Convert
/
encourage
tourism activities (tourism
belt)

Any development should be set back 60m. Full public access

should be maintained.

Open
coastline
(beach)

Recreational
Areas, yacht
club,
golf
club

Residences

26-6

Strategies
water

water

water

quality

quality

quality

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-21

27

MU C5-22: Pulau Dinawan

27.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the island of Pulau Dinawan, offshore of Kinarut
Beach.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-22

Figure 27.1

MU C5-22 overview map.

Photo 27.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Dinawan (2002).

27-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

27.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

27.1.1.1

Morphology
Pulau Dinawan consists of two islands a smaller island to the south and a larger island to the
north, both connected by a small sand and rocky spit. Rocky headlands with small pocket
beaches are found on the western shore. Larger beaches can be found on the sheltered eastern
shore with the formation of a spit at the southern tip. Various sand bars are seen towards the
northern and eastern sides of island. Two smaller islands exist south of Pulau Dinawan namely,
Pulau Mantukud and Pulau Ampak Ampak. These islands and sand bar provide shelter to the
shoreline at the mainland by dissipating incoming offshore waves.

27.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Jetty constitutes the only coastal structure within this management unit.

27.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Island is mostly covered with terrestrial vegetation except for the resort built-up area.
Marine Habitats

Coral reefs around Pulau Dinawan (eastern and southern sides) generally in good condition
(live coral percentage up to 75%). A small bed of sea grass is found on the south island of
Thalassia hemprichii species.
27.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 1 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) as the island is located at quite a distance from the
mainland. Thus, no major pollutants are found within near shore water.

27.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Borneo Dinawan Island Resort, a low density resort, is the sole resort and settlement on the
island providing chalets and restaurant to visitors. The tropical-style chalets are set within the
terrestrial vegetation hence limiting visual impacts.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

27.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

27.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflict issue arise based on the current condition.

27.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Restricted to low or medium density tourism development.

27.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 27.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

27-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc5-22

Table 27.1

27.1.3

Features of MU C5-22 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by
feature

Rank

Beach
and
foreshore

None

Important water recreational

feature
Tourist attraction owing to its
nice beach

Tourists and local tourism

industry

Resort

None

Attraction for international

and local tourists

Regional and local economies

as well as tourists

Coral reefs

Potential loss of natural

resources and breeding
ground

Act as marine habitats

Local fishermen, regional and

local economies as well as
tourists

Sea grass

Potential loss of natural

resources and breeding
ground

Marine habitats
Food source for
marine species
Biodiversity

Local fishing communities

Researchers
Conservationists

certain

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 27.2.
Table 27.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC5-22

Management objectives allocated for MU C5-22, Pulau Dinawan, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Beach
and
foreshore

Preserve
condition

Resort

Maintain
and
resort
as
destination

Coral reefs

Conserve live coral reefs

Prohibit / restrict activities that adversely impact corals

EIA for any development within this MU and in MU C6-08 to
C6-14 must specifically demonstrate no impacts to the reefs
(e.g. through sedimentation, sediment plumes or other
water quality impacts)

Seagrass

Conserve seagrass

No direct impacts (clearing) of sea grass area allowed

EIA for any development within this MU and in MU C6-08 to
C6-15 must specifically demonstrate no impacts to these
sea grass areas (e.g. through sedimentation, sediment
plumes or other water quality impacts)

current

beach
promote
tourism

No new development allowed

No new development allowed and maintenance of resort to
be ensured

27-3

28

MU C6-01: Shangri-Las Tanjung Aru Resort (STAR)

28.1

Description
This management unit (MU) comprises the hotel and grounds of the Shangri-Las Tanjung Aru
Resort (STAR) located at the headland of Tg. Aru (Figure 28.1).

Figure 28.1

MUC6-01 overview map.

Photo 28.1

Oblique aerial photo view of STAR at Tg. Aru headland (22nd August 2011).

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC6-01

28-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

28.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

28.1.1.1

Morphology
This MU is fully developed consisting of resort facilities together with small artificial pocket
beaches and shallow waters on the west side. At low tide, a wide sand bar is exposed just a few
hundred meters near shore.
No distinct morphology activities or shoreline movement exist as the shoreline is fully protected
with revetments and all of sound condition.

28.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

The coastline of this management unit is protected by revetments and seawalls which are
required in order to stabilise the coastline.

28.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
28.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) with discharges from several drains and water village in the
management units to the north of the Shangri-Las Tanjung Aru Resort (MU C6-02). Major
pollutants found are of nutrients and faecal coliform.

28.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

A 5 star international resort, Shangri-Las Tanjung Aru Resort is built within this MU and is the
sole development feature.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

28.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

28.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

28.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density tourism development.

28.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 28.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

28-2

62800515-Rpt-Vol-1b-Muc6-01

Table 28.1

Feature

Features of MU C6-01 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Shangri-Las
Potential loss of tourist Tourism is the backbone of the Feature is featured as an 1
Tanjung Aru and recreational sites local economic in this cell. Also international destination for
Resort
due to pollution
serves as a recreational spot tourism
and tourist attraction

28.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority).
Table 28.2

Feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-01, Shangri-Las Tanjung Aru Resort, in order
of priority rank.

Rank

Shangri-Las
1.a
Tanjung Aru
Resort
1.b

Objectives

Strategies

Maintain beach quality for Stormwater system from upstream areas and roads to
recreation
incorporate pollution control (e.g. gross pollutants traps,
retention ponds, etc.)
Maintain resort facilities

Maintain and provide infrastructure facilities and public

amenities of international standards
Zoned as high density tourism

Any development at adjacent management units to complement the resort feature/ tourism amenity of this
management unit

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC6-01

28-3

29

MU C6-02: Kg. Tanjung Aru to Sutera Harbour

29.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the coastline stretching from Kg. Tanjung Aru till Sutera
Harbour Resort which consists of the water village and an embayed coast (see Photo 29.1).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-02

Figure 29.1

MU C6-02 overview map.

Photo 29.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kg. Tanjung Aru, north of STAR (MUC6-01). Photo dated 22nd August 2011.

29-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

29.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

29.1.1.1

Morphology
This MU is located within a shallow and muddy embayed coast positioned between Tg. Aru
headland and Sutera Harbour Resort reclamation. Limited wave action is seen in this MU as a
result of protection provided by the near shore TARP islands. Thus good water flushing with the
deeper water is limited. At the same time, the shoreline within the MU is relatively stable over
the past years.

29.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

29.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
29.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to wastes disposed from the village, This is exacerbated
further by the low flushing or water exchange owing to the shallow waters (muddy flat) and the
sheltered area between the Tg. Aru headland and the Sutera Harbour reclamation. Major
pollutants found are of nutrients and faecal coliform.

29.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Water village of Kg. Tanjung Aru, previously a traditional fishing village, is settling along the
coastline and extends into the near shore water. The village is reported to be upgraded with
connection to a standard sewage system.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

29.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

29.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
The major issue raised was with regards to the status of the water village and whether to
maintain or relocate it. During high tide events, coastal water was reported to be on the same
level as the houses floor level.

29.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism development with relocation of water village. Housing and
commercial development at hinterland restricted.

29.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 29.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

29-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-02

Table 29.1

Feature

Features of MU C6-02 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Water Village Water management

Traditional fishing village with Feature could be adopted into a 1
(Kg. Aru)
Fire and safety hazard
historical value to the city
tourism venue as it is one of the
Housing
not
build
locations that tourists pass on
according
to
lots
the way into Kota Kinabalu city
(haphazard)
center
Eyesore during low tide
(rubbish trap)
Embayed
Coast

29.1.3

Rubbish trap/ low water No particular importance

quality
Poor flushing

No benefits provided

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 29.2.
Table 29.2

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-02

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-02, Kg. Tanjung Aru to Sutera Harbour, in
order of priority rank.

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Water Village 1
(Kg. Aru)

Improve aesthetic
waste management

value/ Relocate water village.

Allocate temporary measures to improve sanitation and
water quality conditions. Nonetheless, embayment between
Kg. Tg. Aru and Sutera Harbour Resort will continue act as
rubbish trap.

Embayed
Coast

2.a

Improve water quality

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

2.b

Beautify coastline

In the event that village is relocated, the area should be

developed for tourism (tourism belt) to complement the
resort feature/ tourism amenity of adjacent management
units (STAR and Sutera Harbour)
Streamline coastline through reclamation and enhance value
of area

29-3

30

MU C6-03: Sutera Harbour/Sembulan

30.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the reclamation area of Sutera Harbour Resort
located in the heart of Kota Kinabalu city (Photo 30.1).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-03

Figure 30.1

MU C6-03 overview map.

Photo 30.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sutera Harbour Resort and KK Time Square (22nd August 2011).

30-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

30.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

30.1.1.1

Morphology
Sutera Habour Resort was built entirely on reclaimed land and fully protected by coastal
protection structures. Thus, no distinct morphology activities exist. Four small artificial beaches
were constructed within the resort to cater for tourism.
No distinct morphology activities or shoreline movement exist as the shoreline is fully protected
with revetments.

30.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

The entire coastline is protected by a rock revetment layer and seawall which are generally in a
sound condition. A marina was built within the resort and is protected by breakwater.

30.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
30.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) except at Sg. Sembulan river mouth, which is highly polluted.
Water quality is also relatively poor within the waterways and drainage interceptors (between
the reclaimed land and coastal highway) due to limited water exchange with near shore water.
Major pollutants found are of nutrients and faecal coliform.

30.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

The largest feature within this MU is Sutera Harbour, 5-star resort comprising of Magellan
Sutera, Pacific Sutera and Sutera Harbour Marina, Golf and Country Club, residential housing.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

30.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

30.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

30.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land reclamation.

30.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 30.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

30-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-03

Table 30.1

30.1.3

Features of MU C6-03 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Reclamation

Lack of public access to Important tourism feature for Featured as an international 1

shoreline
the management
destination for tourism
Largest reclamation carried out
along the west coast of Sabah

Sutera
Harbour
Resort

No issue

Attraction for international and Local and regional

local investors or residents
industry

Residential
Housing

No issue

Direct waste water or runoff Local and foreign residents

into sea

Waterways
and
interceptor
drains

Bad water quality

Poor flushing

Local and international boat No particular importance

owners for docking
and
storage of boats

Marina

No issue

Docking zone for various yachts International

marina
and 5
and boats
recreational centre offering
basic water sport activities and
boat docking

tourism 2

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 30.2.
Table 30.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-03

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-03, Sutera Harbour/Sembulan, in order of
priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Reclamation

Provide public
shoreline

Strategies

Sutera
Harbour
Resort

Maintain resort facilities

Residential
Housing

Maintain/ promote high-end Maintain and provide infrastructure facilities and public
residential development
amenities of international standards

Waterways
and
interceptor
drains

Maintain cleanliness of drains Clean up drains (removal of polluted sediments and rubbish)
and improve water quality
Storm water system from upstream and roads to incorporate
pollution control (e.g. gross pollutant traps, retention ponds,
etc.)

Marina

Maintain navigability

access

to Construction of walk and bicycle paths

Maintain and provide infrastructure facilities and public
amenities of international standards
Zoned as high density tourism

Monitor depth of channel

30-3

31

MU C6-04: KK Times Square

31.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the reclamation area of KK Times Square, located
between Sutera Harbour Resort and Sg. Sembulan (Photo 31.1).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-04

Figure 31.1

MU C6-04 overview map.

Photo 31.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sutera Harbour Resort and KK Time Square (22nd August 2011).

31-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

31.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

31.1.1.1

Morphology
KK Time Square was built entirely on reclaimed land and fully protected by coastal protection
structures. Thus, no distinct morphology activities exist.
No distinct morphology activities or shoreline movement exist as the shoreline is fully protected
with revetments.
Sg. Sembulan is the major river flowing into the citys near shore water, located in between this
MU (north adjacent of KK Times Square) and MUC6-05.

31.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

The entire coastline is protected by a rock revetment layer and seawall which are generally in a
sound condition. A marina was built within the resort and is protected by breakwater.

31.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
31.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is not within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to close proximity to Sg. Sembulan river mouth, which is
highly polluted. Water quality is also relatively poor within the waterways and drainage
interceptors (between the reclaimed land and coastal highway) due to limited water exchange
with near shore water. Major pollutants found are of nutrients and faecal coliform.

31.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

KK Time Square is sole development feature exist in this MU.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

31.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed. For the time being, KK Times Square Phase II is within
the midst of construction.

31.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

31.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land reclamation.

31.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 31.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

31-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-04

Table 31.1

31.1.3

Features of MU C6-04 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Commercial
lots

No issue

Business
hub

Reclamation

None

Important tourism feature for Featured as an business and 2

the management
entertainment hub

Waterways
and
interceptor
drains

Bad water quality

Poor flushing

Local and international boat No particular importance

owners for docking
and
storage of boats

and

Benefits provided by feature

entertainment Local and foreign residents

Rank
1

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 31.2.
Table 31.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-04

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-04, KK Times Square, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Commercial
lots

Maintain/
promote Maintain and provide infrastructure facilities and public
commercial development
amenities of international standards

Strategies

Reclamation

Protect from erosion

Waterways
and
interceptor
drains

Maintain cleanliness of drains Clean up drains (removal of polluted sediments and rubbish)
and improve water quality
Storm water system from upstream and roads to incorporate
pollution control (e.g. gross pollutant traps, retention ponds,
etc.)

Ensure that coastal protection is adequate

31-3

32

MU C6-05: Central Bus Station

32.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the portion of reclaimed land north of Sg. Sembulan which
currently serves as central bus station for city buses (Figure 32.1).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-05

Figure 32.1

MU C6-05 overview map.

Photo 32.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Central Bus Station (22nd August 2011).

32-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

32.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

32.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology activities or shoreline movement exist as the shoreline is fully protected
with coastal protection structures.

32.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

The entire coastline is protected by revetments and they are currently sound overall.

32.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found within the near shore water.

32.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to effluent and solid wastes are being discharged from the
densely populated city centre through various drain outlets as well as Sg. Sembulan.

32.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Central bus station is the sole development feature within the MU.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

32.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

32.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

32.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land reclamation.

32.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 32.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 32.1

Feature

Features of MU C6-05 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Reclamation
Coastal
landuse
and
existing properly utilised
bus station
Reclamation

32-2

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

not Important
for
public Transport centre for locals
transportation to and from Kota
Kinabalu

Potential
loss
of Provide
additional Extend land
reclaimed area due to development land for the city
development
erosion

coverage

Rank
1

for 2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-05

32.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 32.2.
Table 32.2

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-05

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-05, Central Bus Station, in order of priority
rank.

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Reclamation
1
and
existing
bus station

Optimise land utilisation in Promote low density development related to commercial,

line with coastal location
financial and administrative functions of the KK central
business district

Reclamation

2.a

Protect from erosion

2.b

Consider
streamlining Allow for coastal reclamation within this area to avoid
frontage in Suria/ Jesselton rubbish trap and water quality issues
residences area

Ensure that coastal protection is adequate

32-3

33

MU C6-06: Kota Kinabalu Waterfront

33.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the entire stretch of the city waterfront centre from Central
Bus Station towards Jesselton Point jetty, next to Kota Kinabalu Port (Figure 33.1).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-06

Figure 33.1

MU C6-06 overview map.

Photo 33.1

Oblique aerial photo view of KK City Waterfront (22nd August 2011).

33-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

33.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

33.1.1.1

Morphology
The coastline along this MU, except for some narrow channels of deeper water leading to Sabah
Ports, is very shallow with reef outcrops. Near shore water is protected by the islands of the
TARP and thus is not subject to strong waves attack.
No distinct morphology activities or shoreline movement exist as the shoreline is fully protected
with coastal protection structures and quay wall structures that are in reasonable condition.

33.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

The entire coastline is protected by seawalls and they are currently sound overall. Few jetties
are in operations at Jesselton Point, fronting Wisma Merdeka mall (owned by Sabah Park) and
fronting Central Market (see Photo 33.2).

Photo 33.2

33-2

Top image; Sabah Park owned jetty fronting Wisma Merdeka mall. Bottom image; Jetty fronting KK Central
Market (Both photos dated 6th September 2012).

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-06

33.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

Patches of dead coral reefs are found between the near shore water and nearby Pulau Gaya.
33.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to effluent and solid wastes are being discharged from the
densely populated city centre through various drain outlets.

33.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Highly dense developments are found within this MU and include commercial, residential,
financial, administrative services, tourist facilities and accommodation. Recent developments
include Anjung Senja (fronting Wawasan plaza), the KK Waterfront, Suria Sabah Mall and
Jesselton Residence.

Photo 33.3

The newly refurbished Anjung Selera (6th September 2012).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Landing sites for small to medium sized fishing vessels are located near the Central Market.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-06

33-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 33.4

Fishing boats docking in front of KK Central Market (6th September 2012).

33.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

Current proposed development included Kota Kinabalu City Waterfront Development which will
involve construction of a retail mall, designer suites, hotel and boardwalk.

33.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

33.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land reclamation.

33.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 33.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 33.1

Features of MU C6-06 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Reclamation

Potential
loss
of Provide
additional Extend land
reclaimed area due to development land for the city
development
erosion

Fish market

Drains and waterways Landing point for fishing boats Grocery and fresh food market 2
clogged
and wholesale area for locals
for locals
Waste management

Jetty/
fish Potential loss of access Fish landing areas are crucial
landing site
due
to
uncontrolled for local fishermen and docking
development
of smaller boats
Potential loss of facilities
due to degradation

33-4

Benefits provided by feature

coverage

Rank

for 1

Providing income for fishing 3

communities and fishery food
resource for local and export
market

Recreation

Poor water quality

Tourism is the backbone of the Enhancing tourism industry 4
Rubbish
local economic in this cell.
and recreational centres for
Disconnected
coastal
visitors
access (walkways)

Commercial/
Residential

No issue

Business centre and residence Improving local economy

for locals and tourists

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-06

33.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 33.2.
Table 33.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-06, Kota Kinabalu Waterfront, in order of
priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Reclamation

1.a

Protect from erosion

Ensure that coastal protection is adequate

1.b

Consider
streamlining Allow for coastal reclamation within this area to avoid
frontage in Suria/ Jesselton rubbish trap and water quality issues
residences area

Improve waste management, To be relocated under the city and corridor development plan
aesthetic value, access
(SEDIA)

Fish market

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-06

Jetty/
fish 3
landing site

Improve jetty/ landing access Structural upgrade of jetties

points

Recreation

Improve
amenities, Renovate/ construct walkways for public access along the
accessibility
for
public entire water front water front
connectivity and coherence

Commercial/
Residential

Maintain
commercial/ Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment/
residential areas
liquid waste treatment system
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres to dispose
their solid wastes

33-5

34

MU C6-07: Kota Kinabalu Port

34.1

Description
This management unit (MU) refers specifically to the existing Kota Kinabalu Port at Tg. Lipat.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-07

Figure 34.1

MU C6-07 overview map.

Figure 34.2

Oblique aerial photo view of Kota Kinabalu Port (22nd August 2011).

34-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

34.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

34.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology activities or shoreline movement exist as the shoreline is fully protected
with coastal protection structures and quay structures and are in sound condition.

34.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Coastal protection structures consist of seawalls, quay walls and three jetties utilized for vessels
docking.

34.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
34.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

34.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

This port and its container yard have reached its maximum capacity, thus the majority of
containers handling operations are now performed at the newly completed Sapangar Bay
Container Terminal. The current port is only used as ship berth for various middle sized cruises.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

34.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

Suria Holdings proposes to redevelop the port into an International Cruise Centre and
Integrated Tourism & Commercial Development with a proposed extension to the east. Another
development proposed is Jesselton Waterfront Development, KK, which comprises of high end
residential, retailers, office, hotel, cruise terminal and a marina.

34.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

34.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density tourism or commercial development with no further land reclamation.

34.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 34.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

34-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-07

Table 34.1

Feature

34.1.3

Features of MU C6-07 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Future
No issue
convention
centre,
International
Cruise
Terminals,
Hotels,
residential and
Entertainment
centre (Mixed
use)

New exciting development to Improve local economy and 1

further raise the city status as a tourism industry
premier tourist destination

Port
and No issue
Shipping
Terminal

Berth spot for international Enhancing tourism industry

cruises

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 34.2.
Table 34.2

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-07

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-07, Kota Kinabalu Port, in order of priority
rank.

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Future
1
convention
centre,
International
Cruise
Terminals,
Hotels,
residential and
Entertainment
centre (Mixed
use)

Optimise land utilisation in High density commercial development may include mixed
line with coastal location
uses such as commercial, financial administrative and
tourism.

Port
and 2.a
Shipping
Terminal
2.b

Maintain navigability for To be monitored and handled by Sabah Port or relevant

boat/ shipping operations
authority
Public access to shoreline to Development which allows public access to the waterfront is
be maintained/ connectivity encouraged
to KK city centre/ Likas
Beach

34-3

35

MU C6-08: Tg.Lipat to Likas Beach

35.1

Description
This management unit (MU) refers to the stretch of coastline from the end of KK Port to Likas
Bay Beach (refer Figure 35.1) covering the headland of Tg. Lipat.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-08

Figure 35.1

MU C6-08 overview map.

Figure 35.2

Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Lipat headland (22nd August 2011).

35-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

35.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

35.1.1.1

Morphology
Headland of Tg. Lipat, a hard point feature, separates the city centre from Likas Bay. Weak wave
conditions are seen here as a consequence of a near shore shallow reef area and the TARP
islands.
No distinct morphology activities or shoreline movement exist as the shoreline is fully protected
with coastal protection structures and are in reasonable (sound) condition.

35.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Coastline fronting the coastal highway is fully protected by a rock revetment with seawall
installed at the rear of the revetment.

35.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Small stretch of mangroves lies on the hinterland adjacent to the coastal highway.
Marine Habitats

Coral reefs found off Tg. Lipat have very low live coral coverage thus its status is considered to
be of poor level. Coral rubble dominates the reef with a silt layer on top of the rubble owing to
the high concentration of fine sediment in the Bay.
35.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) owing to fine sediments discharged from Sg. Inanam and nearby
monsoon drain outlets. Thus, major pollutants found are of suspended sediments and nutrients.

35.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Various residential developments are constructed across the headland consisting of Signal Hill,
the Peak Condominium and Bayshore Condominium. There is a weekly Sunday Tamu (market)
on the ground beneath Signal Hill, which is also used for related functions such as the Annual
Agricultural Show.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

35.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

New shopping centre is being proposed next to MAKSAK Hall. Proposal was made to reclaim the
part of Likas Bay for commercial development.

35.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

35.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited and allows only for reinforcement of existing coastal protection
structures, construction of jogging or cycle path.

35-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-08

35.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 35.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 35.1

35.1.3

Features of MU C6-08 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Coastal road

No issue

Linking city centre to northern Ease traffic congestion and 1

districts e.g. Tuaran
connect residents along the
West Coast

Mangroves

Clearing for various Habitat

development purposes
species
Not gazetted

Recreation
area

No issue

for

various

Benefits provided by feature

marine National natural heritage

Recreational spot for locals and Public interest

tourists

Rank

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 35.2.
Table 35.2

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Coastal Road

Protect coastal road

Maintenance of coastal protection

Mangroves

2.a

Maintain tidal flushing

No reclamation allowed

2.b

Conserve mangroves

Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Improve
accessibility
to Construction of jogging and cycle path is recommended along
public and connectivity to KK seawall
city centre and Likas beach

Recreation
area

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-08

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-08, Tg. Lipat to Likas Beach, in order of priority
rank.

35-3

36

MU C6-09: Likas Beach to Anjung Selera

36.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the coastline of Likas Beach up until Kuala Inanam (Figure
36.1).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-09

Figure 36.1

MU C6-09 overview map.

Photo 36.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Likas Beach within Likas Bay (22nd August 2011).

36-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

36.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

36.1.1.1

Morphology
From Tg. Lipat towards Kuala Inanam, the coastline is in the shape of a crest. Beach within Likas
Bay is generally stable (limited shoreline movement) with low littoral transport due to weak
wave exposure. However, the bay is becoming shallower due to sedimentation of excessive fine
sediments discharged from Sg. Inanam. The near shore zone is of a tidal flat area exposed during
low tide events.

36.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Three rock groynes each of a length around 50 meters are built at the northern head of the bay,
these were constructed to hold the shoreline to help protect the highway and the bridge link
over Sg. Inanam.

Photo 36.2

36.1.1.3

Rock groynes, highlighted in red circles, built at the northern end of Likas Bay (22 nd August 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Thin belt of terrestrial vegetation exists behind the beach line enhancing the aesthetic view.

36-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-09

Photo 36.3

Belt of Casuarina trees along Likas Beach (4th November 2011).

Marine Habitats

Near shore tidal zone (tidal flat) is inhabited by sub-tidal soft bottom benthos and algae.
36.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to discharge of fine sediments from Sg. Inanam. Major
pollutants found are of suspended sediments and nutrients.
Beach fronting Anjung Selera is heavily polluted with solid wastes washed onshore.

Photo 36.4

36.1.1.5

Solid wastes pollution along beach fronting Anjung Selera (4 th November 2011).

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Anjung Selera and Likas beach are both popular gateway for locals and international tourists to
perform recreational activities and to view the sunset.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-09

36-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Near shore water still supports fisheries resources for local subsistence fishermen.
36.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

36.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

36.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism development and public recreational facilities or amenities.

36.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 36.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 36.1

Features of MU C6-09 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Likas Beach

Potential deterioration in Recreational value

condition
and
appearance of beach due
to rubbish and water
quality

Recreation
Need to be
area
and maintained
facilities
Anjung Selera

36.1.3

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Second most popular public 1

beach in Kota Kinabalu

regularly Utilized by public for various Public interests

recreational
and
comfort
purposes

Potential deterioration of Restaurants and food stalls to Local economy enhancement

water quality from direct cater for locals and tourists
discharge of gray water
from food stalls
Unsatisfactory
waste
management

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 36.2.

36-4

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-09

Table 36.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-09

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-09, Likas Beach to Anjung Selera, in order of
priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Likas Beach

1.a

Maintain and improve beach Ensure setback limit of minimum 60m from high water line
and coastline
(HAT) is fulfilled for any development along the coastline

Strategies

1.b

Maintain coastal protection

1.c

Improve water and beach Beach beautification and restoration with wider beach to be
quality
considered for increased wave exposure (preventing/
reducing sedimentation on the beach) and diversion of
pollutants

Maintenance of seawall/ groynes

Recreation
2
area
and
facilities

Improve
amenities

Anjung Selera

Improve
waste
and Enforce and provide proper waste management (rubbish and
wastewater management
sewerage)

recreational Provision of open space/ recreational areas for the local

population with improvement of facilities (picnic shelters,
barbeque pits and public toilets) is recommended, also to
serve bird watchers and other visitors to the Likas Lagoon
across the road

36-5

37

MU C6-09b: Likas Lagoon

37.1

Description
This management unit (MU) refers to the immediate hinterland behind the coastal road of MU
C6-09. The gazetted Likas Lagoon serves as bird habitat and a flood retention pond.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-09b

Figure 37.1

MU C6-09b overview map.

Photo 37.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Likas Lagoon, highlighted by red circle (22 nd August 2011).

37-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

37.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

37.1.1.1

Morphology
The lagoon is largely untouched since it is disconnected from Sg. Likas lagoon by the road
construction fronting the State mosque.

Photo 37.2

Likas Lagoon within MU C6-07b (6th September 2012).

37.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed within the sub MU.

37.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

The vegetation in the drier areas of the lagoon is dominated primarily by Acrostichum aureum,
while the inundated areas are seasonally infested with the water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes
and the duckweed, Wolffia globosa, which chokes up the lagoon and requires manual removal.
Management of the wetland is a joint effort between the Wildlife Department and WWF
Malaysia. It is one of the few officially designated wetlands in Sabah and as such should be
protected as a haven for local and migratory bird species.
Fauna

Vast species of migratory birds are habituating within the lagoon.

37.1.1.4

Water Quality
Water quality within the lagoon is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to limited flushing and water exchange with near
shore waters.

37.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

This sub Mu acts as tourism site for bird watching and mangrove viewing as well as a flood
mitigation facility.

37-2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-09b

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

37.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

37.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

37.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways.

37.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 37.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 37.1

37.1.3

Features of MU C6-09b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Wetland

Water quality

Important breeding and feeding National

Natural
Heritage 1
grounds for resident and (State Cultural Heritage Site
migratory birds.
since 1998)

Flood
mitigation
facilities

No issues

To prevent disruption and Not applicable

damages and loss of property
due to flooding

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 37.2.
Table 37.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-09b

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-09b, Likas Lagoon, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Wetland

Protect wetland

Replenish mangrove through planting programmes

Flood
mitigation
facilities

2.a

Maintain
function

2.b

Potential
for
recreational use

flood

retention Ensure regular clean-up of retention basins

public Develop wetland into water recreational or park centre (e.g.
kayak/ bird watching)

37-3

38

MU C6-10: Sg. Inanam Mangroves

38.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the river and river mouth of Sg. Inanam which is associated
with the Unggun Mangrove Swamp.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-10

Figure 38.1

MU C6-10 overview map.

Photo 38.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sg. Inanam river mouth and its associated tributary (22nd August 2011).

38-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

38.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

38.1.1.1

Morphology
The river mouth of Sg. Inanam, which is relatively large in width, is connected to Sg. Likas (to the
south). Due to limited wave action within Likas Bay owing to protection by nearby islands and
reefs, the river mouth is morphologically stable.

38.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

38.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

The riverine mangroves swamp associated with Sg. Inanam are dominated by Rhizophora
apiculata and R. mucronata, although other species, such as Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba,
Aegiceras corniculatum, Ceriops tagal, Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae and Lumnitzera littorea are
also present.
The mangroves swamp was designated as a Swamp Conservation Area in the Kota Kinabalu
Comprehensive Development Plan implemented in 1990.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water or river system.
38.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class E (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Sg. Inanam itself (classified as slightly polluted, Class II under
Interim National Water Quality Standard for Malaysia) is a highly turbid river system which is
responsible for discharging significant amounts of fine sediment into the near shore water.
Major pollutants found are of suspended sediments and nutrients.

38.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Mangroves within the river have been cleared for various development purposes such as
residential, commercial and public complexes.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

38.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

38.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Sg. Inanam mangroves suffered a loss of about 150 Ha to reclamation for the constructions of
Sabah Medical Centre (now Hospital Likas) and Kingfisher Park housing estate.

38.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways. River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID.
Land usage on the banks of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent
improvement work structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

38-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-10

38.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 38.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 38.1

Features of MU C6-10 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Mangroves

Potential loss due to

clearing
for
various
developments
(more
than 150 ha already lost)
Not gazetted

Breeding ground for various These mangrove forests are 1

marine species
among one of the largest within
Retain
and
recycle the studied area
nutrients/toxicants

River and river No issue

Mouth

38.1.3

Benefits provided by feature

Serve as navigation route for Not applicable

small boats.

Rank

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 38.2.
Table 38.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-10, Sg. Inanam Mangroves, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20m from high water line (HAT)

2.a
River and river
mouth
2.b

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-10

Preserve current condition of Development prohibited at the river mouth

river mouth
Improve
navigability
conveyance

river
and

mouth Prohibit reclamations in the river to prevent reduction in

flood tidal prism
River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)
to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

38-3

39

MU C6-11: Sg. Inanam to Kg. Layang-Layang

39.1

Description
This management unit (MU) stretches from Sg. Inanam river mouth till Kg. Layang, south of Tg.
Tarak Tarak (Figure 39.1).

Figure 39.1

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-11

MU C6-11 overview map.

39-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 39.1

Oblique aerial photo view of coastline from Kuala Inanam towards Tg. Lita (22nd August 2011).

Photo 39.2

Oblique aerial photo view of coastline from Tg. Lita towards UMS Jetty (22nd August 2011).

39.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

39.1.1.1

Morphology
The coastline within the MU is north south aligned and characterized by pocket beaches,
ridges and headlands. Pocket beaches found along the coastline are narrow, morphologically
stable and of fair sand quality which is stabilized by hard rock headlands such as Tg. Lita and Tg.
Tarak Tarak (Photo 39.1 and Photo 39.2), formed under Gantian Ridge.

39-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-11

Photo 39.3

39.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Coastline immediately north of Sg. Inanam (fronting Menara Tun Mustapha) is armoured with a
concrete slab type revetment and a small seawall, see Photo 39.4. A concrete piled jetty is built
close to the UMS complex meant for research vessel docking (see Photo 39.5).

Photo 39.4

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-11

Pocket beach located north of UMS Jetty (4th November 2011).

Sloped concrete slab revetment (seawall)l fronting the coastline of Menara Tun Mustapha (4th November
2011).

39-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 39.5

39.1.1.3

UMS Jetty of concrete piled type (4th November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Coastal habitats consist of terrestrial vegetation are located along the beach, the hills and ridge.
Marine Habitats

Patches of coral reef, in a degrading condition is found near shore fronting Menara Tun
Mustapha.
39.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) immediately north of Sg. Inanam river mouth. Major pollutants
found are of suspended sediments and nutrients. Further northward, the water quality is
generally fine within the standard of Class 2.

39.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Few small villages are settling within the MU, such as Kg. Layang-Layang, Kg. Inanam Baru and
Kg. Layan. The remaining coastline remains largely untouched.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

39.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

39.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

39.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Extensive forest clearing and developments that may affect ridge stability prohibited. Small
scale developments of public recreation facilities or amenities allowed inside buffer zones. Low
or medium density tourism development allowed outside coastal forest buffer zones.

39-4

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-11

39.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 39.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 39.1

Features of MU C6-11 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Village
Water quality issues due Settlements
(Kg. Layang- to
sanitation
and communities
Layang)
cleanliness issues related
to waste disposal
Uncontrolled village area
expansion

Rank

local Traditional settlement for local 1

villagers

Pocket Beach

Potential deterioration in Recreation

condition
and
appearance of beach due
to
pollution
and
development

Jetty

No issues

For fish landing and docking of Landing and docking

small boats

Coral Reefs

Poor quality reefs

Marine habitat

Natural resources

Aesthetic feature

Natural resources

Rocky
No issues
Coastline/Hills

39.1.3

for

Benefits provided by feature

Tourism

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 39.2.
Table 39.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-11, Sg. Inanam to Kg. Layang-Layang, in
order of priority rank.

Feature

Objectives

Strategies

Maintain village area

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers
Restrict further expansion

1.c

Improve water quality status

Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

2.a

Low density development

Promote low density development behind pocket beach (hill

area) (e.g. around existing kampung area)

2.b

Restrict/ optimise land use to Promote low density tourism or recreational development
that which requires or Ensure setback limit of minimum 60 m from high water line
optimizes coastal location/ (HAT) is fulfilled
natural landscape

Jetty

Maintain jetty accessibility

Maintain/ improve boat landing facility

Coral reefs

Conserve live corals

Control sediment run-off and discharges

development.
Enforce restrictions on point source pollution

Maintain landscape feature

Restrict any further development which could destroy

headland stability and its vegetation/ forest

Village
LayangLayang)

Rank
(Kg. 1.a

Pocket beach

Rocky
5
coastline/ Hills

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-11

from

any

39-5

40

MU C6-12: Kg. Tarak-Tarak to Sg. Menggatal

40.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the shoreline from Tg. Tarak Tarak towards the
Menggatal Estuary, with the Gantian Ridge in the hinterland.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-12

Figure 40.1

MU C6-12 overview map.

Photo 40.1

Oblique aerial photo view from Tg. Tarak Tarak to Sg. Menggatal river mouth (22nd August 2011).

40-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

40.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

40.1.1.1

Morphology
The shoreline north of Tg. Tarak Tarak is very shallow consisting of reef outcrops. Narrow
sandy beaches of moderate texture quality are formed along the coastline. For the time being,
the beach is relatively stable with neither erosion nor accretion observed .

Photo 40.2

Narrow beach along Kg. Kabagu (4 th November 2011).

40.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

40.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation is occupying the hills and ridge located at the hinterland zone.
Marine Habitats

Fringing and patch reefs remain at the near shore waters but they are severely degraded as a
result of sedimentation arising from extensive developments within the catchment areas of Sg.
Menggatal (such as University Malaysia Sabah and the Universiti Teknologi Mara campus
developments, road construction and various housing projects).
Sea grass beds are established on the near shore shallow substrate. Monitoring of these sea
grass beds have revealed that they are under considerable stress from sedimentation, which
may be attributed to the increased suspended sediment load of Sg. Menggatal.
Marine Megafauna

A dugong was also sighted in this area several years back, although no repeat sightings have
ever been recorded.
40.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water.
Rubbish and other forms of solid wastes are found lingering most of the time along the beach
(refer Photo 40.3).

40-2

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Photo 40.3

40.1.1.5

Solid waste contaminated the narrow beach fronting Kg. Kabagu (4 th November 2011).

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Coastlines along this MU remain largely undeveloped except for the settlements consisting of Kg.
Kabagu, Kg. Numbak and Kg. Selembangan as well as the new water village which was
constructed to relocate the villagers whose houses were taken over by the Naval Base
development across Sapangar Bay.

Photo 40.4

Water village located at the southern bank of Kuala Menggatal (4 th November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

40.1.1.6

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-12

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

40-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

40.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

40.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Extensive forest clearing and other development that may affect ridge stability prohibited.
Landward small scale village housing allowed.

40.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 40.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 40.1

40.1.3

Features of MU C6-12 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Forested
headland/
ridges

No issues

None

Natural resources

Settlement

To conclude whether it is Residential areas

legal
or
illegal communities
settlements
Waste management
Non-regulated structures

Pocket Beach

No issues

Access to the beach by local Tourism

communities
should
be
ensured.

Sea grass

Poor water quality

Food for marine mega faunas

for

local Residential area

Yes, sea grass beds rare along 4

west coast.

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 40.2.
Table 40.2

40-4

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-12, Kg. Tarak-Tarak to Sg. Menggatal, in order
of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Forested
headland/
ridges

Maintain aesthetic landscape Restrict any development which could destroy headland
value
stability and its vegetation/ forest

Settlement

2.a

Maintain village area

2.b

Maintain access to village Maintain or improve road condition

area

2.c

Improve sanitation and waste Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
management
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Pocket Beach

Maintain natural shoreline Ensure setback limit of minimum 60m from high water line
processes
(HAT) is fulfilled for any new development along the
coastline
Reclamations and other closed coastal structures not allowed

Sea grass

Conserve sea grass

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers
Regulate and restrict building and village expansion

No direct impacts (clearing) of sea grass area allowed.

EIA for any development in this or adjacent units must
demonstrate no impacts to sea grass including direct impacts
and reducing sediment and pollutant runoffs and discharges.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-12

41

MU C6-13: Sg. Menggatal Estuary

41.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the Sg. Menggatal inlet and its associated estuary covered in
mangroves.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-13

Figure 41.1

MU C6-13 overview map.

Photo 41.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Menggatal and its downstream catchment (22nd August 2011).

41-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

41.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

41.1.1.1

Morphology
The river mouth of Sg. Menggatal is morphologically stable owing to weak wave exposure.
However, human intervention has changed the river landscape, both at river mouth and the
estuary. These developments included 1Borneo mall, UiTM campus, road construction and
residential.

41.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline and river banks.

41.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

The Sg. Menggatal swamps are dominated by Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata, although
other species, such as Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, Aegiceras corniculatum, Ceriops tagal,
Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae and Lumnitzera littorea are also present. There are remaining
mangroves in the hinterland areas although most of this forest has been cleared or depleted due
to development. Between 1999 and 2004, around 53 Ha, or 24 % of the Menggatal estuary
mangroves were lost.

Photo 41.2

Mangrove clearing for road development in the Menggatal mangrove swamp (2003).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water and river.
41.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality at the estuary inlet is exceeding the standard of Class E (Malaysia
Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Major pollutants found are of nutrients.

41.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Road construction and housing developments are located at certain areas of the estuary bank.

41-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-13

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Small scale fishing activities are performed by local villagers.

41.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

41.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

41.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways. River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream
flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID.
Land usage on the banks of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent
improvement work structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

41.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 41.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 41.1

41.1.3

Features of MU C6-13 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Mangrove

Potential loss of natural Breeding ground for various Common mangroves found in 1
resources
due
to marine species
the studied area
development
Trap sediments from being
released into estuary water
Retain
and
recycle
nutrients/toxicants

Village

Waste management

Settlement
communities

River mouth

Navigation for fishermen

Water quality

Sediment supply to near shore Typical river mouth found in 3

sediment cell
the studied area
Serve as navigation route for
small boats.

for

Benefits provided by feature

local Typical traditional villages

Rank

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 41.2.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-13

41-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 41.2

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

1.a

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20m from high water line (HAT)

Village

2.a

Maintain village areas

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers
Regulate and restrict building and village expansion

2.b

Maintain navigation access/ Maintain and improve fish landing facilities

fish landing

2.c

Improve sanitation and waste Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
management
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

3.a

Preserve current condition of Development prohibited at the river mouth

river mouth

3.b

Preserve drainage/ flushing Prohibit reclamations in the river to prevent reduction in

capacity
tidal prism
Ensure compliance with minimum river requirements as per
DID guideline

3.c

Improve
river
navigability

River mouth

41-4

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-13, Sg. Menggatal Estuary, in order of priority
rank.

mouth River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)

to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-13

42

MU C6-14: UiTM Campus

42.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the campus of UiTM located on Gentisan Ridge.

Figure 42.1

MU C6-14 overview map.

42.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

42.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology activities exist as this MU only covers the land portion of the campus.

42.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal structure or protection feature is laid along the estuary bank.

42.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Vegetation within this MU is mainly identified as forested coastal ridge. This vegetation along
the hill and ridge can act as buffer zone while clearance of it will lead to great amount of
sediment runoff into Sg. Menggatal and the bay.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found within the near shore water.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-14

42-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

42.1.1.4

Water Quality
As this MU does not covers coastal or river water body, thus no water quality classification
required.

42.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

UiTM campus is the sole development found in this MU.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

42.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

42.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

42.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density commercial (Education usage of campus).

42.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 42.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 42.1

Features of MU C6-14 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

UiTM campus

None

Public education hub

Tertiary education

Landscape/aesthetic value

Local communities

Vegetated hills None

42.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 42.2.
Table 42.2

42-2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-14, UiTM Campus, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

UiTM campus

Maintain
and
tertiary education

Strategies

Vegetated hills

Preserve ridge as aesthetic Restrict any development which could destroy ridge stability
landscape feature and buffer and its vegetation/forest
zone

promote Preserve and enhance facilities and infrastructures of campus

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-14

43

MU C6-15: Sapangar Bay Industrial Area

43.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the industrial zone and container terminal found within the
southern end of Sapangar Bay.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-15

Figure 43.1

MU C6-15 overview map.

Photo 43.1

Oblique aerial photo view of southern end of Sapangar Bay (22ndAugust 2011).

43-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

43.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

43.1.1.1

Morphology
Coupled with weak wave exposure due to sheltering of Pulau Sapangar and its surrounding
smaller islands as well as near shore reefs, limited littoral transport is found within the bay.
Majority of the coastline within the MU is protected with coastal structures, virtually no
morphological activities exist.

43.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Majority of its shoreline is layered with a rock revetment as a result of large scale development
and reclamation in recent times. Jetties were built at the container terminal and gas plant to
accommodate loading vessels.

43.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline.

Marine Habitats

Small coverage of fringing and patch reefs still exist along the water in front of Sapangar Bay
Container Terminal which is of poor quality status. Sea grass beds are seen surviving fronting
Petronas Oil Terminal covering an area of approximately 6 Ha. However, these sea grass areas
are stressed from sediment and pollutant runoff originating from various developments within
the estuaries (aquaculture) and hinterland activities (land or mangroves clearing).
43.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 3 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

43.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Among the industry operating within the MU are; Sapangar Bay Container Port, Wangsa
Timbers Industries or Wangsa Plantations, Sapangar Chemical Industries, Solid Gleam and
Sabah Lighterage Company, ExxonMobile, Cement Industries, Esso, Shell Gas and Petronas Oil
Terminal.
Settlement of villages include Kg. Gentisan (positioned between the access road to the naval
base (MU C6-16) and the hills) and Kg. Pengasawan,
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

43.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

43.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

43.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Heavy industry development.

43-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-15

43.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 43.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 43.1

43.1.3

Features of MU C6-15 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Industries/
Port

Navigation
Water quality

Industrial area and port

Major heavy industrial zone 1

and largest port on the West
Coast of Sabah

Sea grass

Stressed from siltation Marine habitats

Yes, sea grass beds are along 2
and water pollution from Food source for certain marine west coast.
various
inland species
development
and
industries

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 43.2.
Table 43.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-15

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-15, Sapangar Bay Industrial Area, in order of
priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Industries/
Port

Maintain navigability

Ensure safe ship navigation and accessibility

Maintain water quality

Stringent control on discharges from industries and ballast

water
Regular water quality monitoring

Sea grass

Conserve sea grass

No direct impacts (clearing) of sea grass area allowed

Prevent impacts from developments within the bay by
reduction of sediments and pollutant runoffs and discharges
Sea grass is in industrial zone probably will have to be
sacrificed

43-3

44

MU C6-16: Sapangar Fish Factory

44.1

Description
This management unit (MU) is located in between Sapangar Industrial area and Sapangar Naval
Base (Figure 44.1).

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-16

Figure 44.1

MU C6-16 overview map.

Figure 44.2

Satellite image (2011) showing important features found within MU C6-16.

44-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

44.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

44.1.1.1

Morphology
Similar to MU C6-15, the coastline of this MU is also within a sheltered area thus experiencing
limited wave activity. The entire coastline is protected with rock a revetment layer thus
preventing any morphological activities.

44.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

The entire coastline is protected by a rock revetment and a jetty was built at the shipyard
factory.

Photo 44.1

44.1.1.3

Rock revetment layer built next to the shipyard terminal (4th November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level occupies the undeveloped hinterland zone.
Marine Habitats

Patches of dead coral reefs are found fronting the shoreline which proves of little rehabilitation
value.
44.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore
waters.

44.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

The shoreline land uses here include two water villages, a fish processing factory and a ship
repair yard. Village of Kg. Gantisan is located behind the coastal road linking the naval base to
nearby highway.

44-2

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Photo 44.2

Shipyard terminal located adjacent to Sapangar Naval Base (4 th November 2011).

Photo 44.3

Water village of Kg. Gantian located behind the coastal road (4th November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

No aquaculture activities exist but a fish processing factory is in operation.

44.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

44.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition except for poor water condition found
at Kg. Gantisan.

44.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Light industry development.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-16

44-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

44.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 44.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 44.1

Features of MU C6-16 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Shipyard/ Fish Navigation

Factory
Water quality

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Industrial area and port

None

Coastal road

Access to the beach by Access to the beach by local Access of transportation

local communities cut off communities
by coastal road

Villages

None

Settlement
communities

Vegetated
Ridges

None

None

Reefs,
Corals

44.1.3

Importance of feature

for

Dead Dead
corals; Natural marine resources
regeneration unlikely

local Typical traditional villages

None

Not applicable

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 44.2.
Table 44.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-16, Sapangar Fish Factory, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Objectives

Strategies

Shipyard/ fish 1.a

factory
1.b

Maintain navigability

Ensure safe ship navigation and accessibility

Maintain water quality

Regular water quality monitoring

Stringent control from industries and ballast water

Coastal road

Protect coastal road

Protect coastal road from erosion

Villages

Maintain village area

Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of

villagers
Restrict further expansion
Improve water quality due to entrapment caused by coastal
road construction

Vegetated
ridges

Maintain aesthetic landscape Maintain and improve current condition of vegetated ridges
value of vegetated hills
and restrict further development for clearing of vegetation

Reefs,
corals

44-4

Rank

Dead 5

Do nothing

Not required

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45

MU C6-17: Sapangar Naval Base

45.1

Description
This management unit (MU) is designated specially for the Sapangar Naval Base located at Tg.
Melanim.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-17

Figure 45-1

MU C6-17 overview map.

Photo 45.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sapangar Naval Base and the nearby Pulau Udar Kecil (22 nd August 2011).

45-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

45.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

45.1.1.1

Morphology
The naval base was constructed at Tg. Melanim headland which upon completion fully protected
the entire coastline. Thus, no morphological activity or shoreline movement exists.

45.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Jetties and breakwaters had been built to accommodate naval vessels which include
submarines. A causeway was also built to link the northern section of the naval base to the
nearby Pulau Udar Kecil. A huge perimeter of the island was reclaimed and currently protected
with a revetment and breakwater.

Photo 45.2

45.1.1.3

Aerial photo view of Pulau Udar Kecil, which is connected to mainland by a causeway link (22 nd August
2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying the hills and in some places is
largely denuded of their green vegetation.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water. Coral reefs which
used to inhabit the surrounding islands were cleared during the related reclamation works.
45.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 3 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

45.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Sapangar Naval base is the sole development exists.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

45-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-17

45.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

45.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

45.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited.

45.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 45.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 45.1

45.1.3

Features of MU C6-17 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Naval base

None

National security

Only naval base in Sabah

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 45.2.
Table 45.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-17

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-17, Sapangar Naval Base, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Naval base

1.a

Maintain security area and Responsibility held by Ministry of Defense

buffer zone

1.b

Maintain water quality

Stringent control on discharges/ ballast water

45-3

46

MU C6-18: Ocean Quarry

46.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the Ocean Quarry site or previously known as Abassa
Quarry.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-18

Figure 46.1

MU C6-18 overview map.

Photo 46.1

Oblique aerial photo view of the quarry, located between Sapangar Naval Base and Tg. Saban (22nd
August 2011).

46-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

46.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

46.1.1.1

Morphology
No beach is found within the MU partly due to quarry site development which seen its shoreline
being covered with low lying rock revetment. Thus, coastal morphology activity is non-existing.

46.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Weak and low lying rock revetment layers are laid along the MUs shoreline.

46.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No distinct coastal habitats are found occupying within the MU due to clearance made for
quarry exploration.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
46.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 3 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

46.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

The quarry is left abandoned at the time of this report being written. Previously known as
Abassa Quarry but has since renamed to Ocean Quarry.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

46.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

46.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Quarry is left abandoned without supervision.

46.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Restrict to light industry development with no expansion of quarry activities allowed.

46.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 46.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 46.1

46-2

Features of MU C6-18 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Quarry

Abandoned

Source
materials

of

Benefits provided by feature

construction Provide
materials
construction industry

Rank

for 1

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-18

46.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 46.2.
Table 46.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-18

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-18, Ocean Quarry, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Naval base

Maintain quarry site

Restrict expansion of quarry activities if its operation is

reignited

46-3

47

MU C6-19: Tg. Gaya to Tg. Kaitan

47.1

Description
The management unit (MU) consists of Tg. Saban, Tg. Gaya and Tg. Kaitan headlands as well as
the Kabakasan Ridge.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-19

Figure 47.1

MU C6-19 overview map.

Figure 47.2

Oblique aerial photo view of Tg. Saban, Tg. Gaya and Tg. Kaitan (22ndAugust 2011).

47-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

47.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

47.1.1.1

Morphology
Shoreline beyond Tg. Saban to Tg. Gaya is exposed to strong wave attack and consists of a rocky
shoreline with a few isolated narrow pocket beaches. The Kabakasan Ridge rises fairly steeply
from the shoreline in this unit, which is characterised by the forested rocky headlands. Virtually
no shoreline movement is seen within this MU owing to the headlands existence which also
assists in stabilizing the pocket beaches.

47.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

47.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Headlands and ridge are covered by pristine terrestrial vegetation of moderate to high thickness
level.
Marine Habitats

A stretch of fringing reefs is found fronting Tg. Gaya to Tg. Kaitan but they are of poor quality
condition.
47.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

47.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

47.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

Under the governments Economic Transformation Plan (ETP), Karambunai Integrated Resort
City (KIRC) was launched to transform the Karambunai Peninsula (inclusive of this MU area)
into an eco-tourism integrated city which consist of various facilities such as water theme park,
harbour cruise etc. Gross invested value of this resort city stood at RM9.6 billion and expected to
be completed by the end of this decade.

47.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
This MU shall be preserved and should not be developed.

47.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Environmental conservation and protection. Any development is subject to state cabinet
approval follow completion of detailed EIA study. Any development proposed must be low
density (limited disturbance of vegetation) with structures within the canopy and not destroy
the aesthetic value of the headlands.

47-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-19

47.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 47.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 47.1

Features of MU C6-19 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

47.1.3

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Headland/
No issues
Vegetated hills

Maintain
stability

Pocket beach

Potential as tourism attraction

No issues

adjacent

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

coastline Common
rocky
headlands 1
found within the studied area
Typical narrow pocket beaches

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 47.2.
Table 47.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-19, Tg. Gaya to Tg. Kaitan, in order of priority
rank.

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-19

Objectives

Strategies

Headland/
1
Vegetated hills

Rank

Maintain aesthetic value

Development is restricted to conserve and protect the

environment. The forested ridges should be maintained
owing to their relatively steep slopes and to preserve the
water quality along this stretch of shoreline
Development is allowed only through state cabinet approvalal upon completion of detailed EIA study
Type of development allowed for must be limited to small
scale structures which would not destroy the aesthetic value
of the headlands. Buildings must be within canopy height and
no extensive forest clearing is allowed

Pocket beach

2.a

Maintain natural shoreline Prohibit any coastal structures

processes

2.b

Prohibit development

Development is prohibited within the pocket beaches

47-3

48

MU C6-20: Sapangar Island

48.1

Description
This management unit (MU) lies to the south west of Sapangar Bay which consists of Pulau
Sapangar and Pulau Udar Besar. Only Pulau Sapangar is designated as a MU.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-20

Figure 48.1

MU C6-20 overview map.

Figure 48.2

Oblique aerial photo view of Sapangar Island, taken in May 2012.

48-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

48.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

48.1.1.1

Morphology
Pulau Sapangar is the larger island within this area. Multiple pocket beaches surround the island
on all four sides, separated by rocky headlands. The western side of the island receives greater
wave attacks as compared to the sheltered eastern side. Fairly steep hills rise from the island
shoreline creating a ridge like feature at the middle of the island.
Pulau Udar Besar is a smaller uninhabited island located north of Pulau Sapangar.

48.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Few small wooden jetties were built on the eastern side of the island where the villagers reside.
No coastal protection structure is built along the shoreline.

48.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying a large portion of the island.
Marine Habitats

The island is fringed by generally poor quality coral reefs which were degraded due to heavy
fishing pressure in the past, especially blast fishing activities. Live coral percentage in this
management unit ranges from poor (0-24%) to fair (25-49%). A small sea grass bed was also
reported at the eastern side of Pulau Sapangar.
48.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

48.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Coastlines along this MU remain undeveloped except for Kg. Pulau Sapangar. This traditional
water village is located on the eastern side of Pulau Sapangar.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Fishing and small scale fish cage farming activities are performed around the islands providing
livelihood incomes for villagers.
48.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

48.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

48.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Village expansion restricted. Regulated aquaculture (fish cage culture) activities allowed.

48.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 48.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

48-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-20

Table 48.1

48.1.3

Features of MU C6-20 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Coral reefs

Potential for proposed High

coastal
development value
works to impact on the
corals
Sedimentation
from
Menggatal river

priority

Benefits provided by feature

conservation Marine habitat

local Traditional water village

Water village Water quality

(Kg.
Pulau Waste management
Sapangar)

Settlement
communities

Aquaculture

Additional source of fish Fish cage culture to be 3

livestock for local and export encouraged as an alternative
market
livelihood for the villagers

Fish bombing
Water quality

for

Rank

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 48.2.
Table 48.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-20

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-20, Sapangar Island, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Coral reefs

Conserve live corals

Prohibit/ restrict activities that adversely impacts corals

Ensure/ improve water quality by treatment of sewage from
the village

Water village 2
(Kg.
Pulau
Sapangar)

Provision
of
sanitation/ Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
waste management
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers

Aquaculture

Preserve/
improve water Ensure farms receive recommendations from Fishery
quality status around the Department
farms
Prescribe fulfilment of Good Aquaculture Practice (GAqP)
guidelines for existing and new farms
Monitor farms activities and water quality

48-3

49

MU C6-21: Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park (TARP)

49.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park (TARP) located
around 3 km from Kota Kinabalu city centre. The five islands, Sapi, Manukan, Sulug, Mamutik
and Gaya are gazetted as protected area.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-21

Figure 49.1

MU C6-21 overview map.

Photo 49.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Manukan, Mamutik and Sulug (22nd August 2011).

49-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

49.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

49.1.1.1

Morphology
Pulau Gaya is the largest island among the five islands incorporated within the marine park.
This island is characterized by pocket beaches, headlands and ridges creating a stunning
aesthetic view. The smaller islands of Manukan, Sulug and Mamutik possess pocket beaches and
shallow reefs as well as sand bars across their near shore water. The western and northern
sides of the islands are exposed to moderate to strong wave attacks and consist of rocky
shorelines. Whereas the eastern sides of the islands or the shoreline in between the headlands
are occupied by narrow sandy beaches.

49.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection structures are constructed along the shoreline. Few wooden piled jetties
are built at the islands to accommodate small boats transporting tourists and visitors from the
mainland.

49.1.1.3

Natural Environment
Coastal Habitats

The islands are covered with lowland forests and mangroves, which forms a sanctuary for a
variety of birds, insects, reptiles and small mammals. Mangroves are also occurring in these
islands, comprising of rhizophora and avicennia sp.
Marine Habitats

There is about 12 to 14 km of fringing reefs, occasional outcrops and small patch reefs
surrounding an area of almost 5000 hectares around these islands. The reefs lie in shallow
water with little current, ideal for training novice divers.
Marine Megafauna

There are occasional whale sharks, dolphins, dugong and marine turtle sightings. In year 2006,
Brydes whale was reported found dead in Lok Arai, Gaya Bay.
Fauna

Hornbills, monkeys and monitor lizards can be found in the vicinity of the forested area across
the islands.
49.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). However, diluted sewage from the water villages at the
eastern tip of Gaya Island and Kota Kinabalu may reach these islands during unfavourable tide
and current conditions.

49.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Tourism accommodation and facilities (Bunga Raya Island Resort and Spa, Gayana Eco Resort,
Sutera Sanctuary Lodges) as well as tour operators are found on all islands except Pulau Sulug.
Under the Parks Enactment, both sea and land areas within the park are protected and are
administered by the Sabah Parks Board.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Area between the islands of Gaya and Manukan is an important fishing ground for subsistence
fisherman using the hook and line method and a cage system aquaculture can be observed in
waters surrounding Pulau Gaya.

49-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-21

Tourism

The marine park is a renowned tourism destination for local and international tourists.
49.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

49.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

49.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Restricted to low or medium density tourism development.

49.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 49.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 49.1

49.1.3

Features of MU C6-21 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Coral reefs

Potential for proposed High

coastal
development value
works to impact on the
corals
Sedimentation from river

priority

Benefits provided by feature

conservation Natural resources

Rank
1

Recreation and None

tourist
facilities

Major
attraction
for Tourism
international and local tourists

Islands

Major
attraction
for Tourism
international and local tourists

None

Resorts
None
(Bunga Raya
Island Resort,
Gayana,
Sutera)

Major
attraction
for Major hospitality
international and local tourists player in the state

industry 4

Beach
and None
foreshore

Tourist attraction owing to its One of the best stretch of sandy 5

nice beach
beach in the studied area

Mangroves

None

Breeding ground for various Natural resources

marine species
Retain
and
recycle
nutrients/toxicants

Sea grass beds

None

Marine habitats
One of the few remaining sea 7
Food source for certain marine grass zone within the studied
species
area

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 49.2.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-21

49-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 49.2

49-4

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-21, Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park (TARP),
in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Coral reefs

Conserve life corals

Prohibit/ restrict activities that adversely impact corals

Control of discharges from resorts and public facilities within
the park
Ensure/ improve water quality by treatment of sewage from
the village (MU C6-19)

Recreation and 2
tourist
facilities

Maintain tourism facilities

Ensure sustainability of facilities/ activities and environment

Islands

Maintain island status

Retain marine park status

Resorts
4
(Bunga Raya
Island Resort,
Gayana,
Sutera)

Maintain resort facilities

Ensure that resorts are maintained

Ensure sustainability of facilities/ activities and environment

Beach
and 5a
foreshore

Ensure aesthetic
beach

value of Prevent accumulation of floatable wastes by proper disposal

of non-degradable garbage

5b

Maintain water quality

Ensure that all sewage systems on the islands are in good

condition and no untreated water is released to the sea

Mangroves

Conserve mangroves

Protect mangroves area

Sea grass beds

Conserve sea grass

No direct impacts (clearing) of sea grass area allowed

Ensure that waste water is treated

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-21

50

MU C6-22: Gaya Island

50.1

Description
This management unit (MU) comprises of the south-eastern tip of P. Gaya, facing Kota Kinabalu,
which is located outside of Tunku Abdul Rahman Park (TARP) as shown in Figure 50.1.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-22

Figure 50.1

MU C6-22 overview map.

Photo 50.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Gaya and KK City (22nd August 2011).

50-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

50.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

50.1.1.1

Morphology
This MU covers the south eastern tip of Pulau Gaya which is characterized by headlands such
as Tg. Logong and Tg. Sindian, pocket beaches and embayed coast (Teluk Malohom and Teluk
Karei). Shoreline within this MU is largely protected from offshore waves thus resulting in a
rather calm environment.

50.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection structure is constructed along the shoreline. Only a few wooden jetties
exist as a docking point for small boats.

50.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Extensive coverage of forest vegetation is occupying the island ridges.

Marine Habitats

Poor quality reefs and live coral coverage are found abundantly within the near shore water.
50.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) primarily due to solid wastes and sewages disposed from the
water villages on the island.

50.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

The land and water villages of Kg. Gaya are old traditional villages and home to local people
normally associated with fishing.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Fishing and minor aquaculture activities are performed by villagers.

50.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

Under the Sabah Development Corridor (SDC), a proposed relocation and redevelopment of
Pulau Gaya has been considered to relocate all Gaya Island residents to make way for tourism
development.

50.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Most of the houses in this part of Gaya Island are on water and until recently were subject to
large-scale demolition as many of the houses apparently were part of illegal squatters
settlements.

50.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Restrict water village expansion. Low or medium density tourism development with relocation
of illegal or unregistered settlement.

50.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 50.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

50-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc6-22

Table 50.1

50.1.3

Features of MU C6-22 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Village area

Sanitation of village area

Water quality

Settlement for local villagers

Traditional local settlement

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 50.2.
Table 50.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-22

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-22, Gaya Island, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Village area

To improve water quality and Relocate water village

ensure no impacts to Tunku Allocate temporary measures to improve sanitation and
Abdul Rahman Marine Park sewage from the village
(TARP)

Strategies

50-3

51

MU C6-22b: Tg. Logong

51.1

Description
This sub management unit (MU) is designated for the stunning headland of Tg. Logong, located
north of the water village.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-22b

Figure 51.1

MU C6-22b overview map.

Photo 51.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Gaya and KK City (22nd August 2011).

51-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

51.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

51.1.1.1

Morphology
The headland of Tg. Logong is a stunning feature within the Gaya Island which is responsible in
creating the pocket beaches besides it.

51.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection structure is constructed around the headlands shoreline.

51.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

The forested headland of Tg. Logong has dense natural vegetation where it is retained to
provide a buffer between the water villages and the tourism development behind the headland.
Marine Habitats

Poor quality reefs and live coral coverage are found across the coastal water fronting the
headland.
51.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) primarily due to solid wastes and sewages disposed from the
water villages on the island.

51.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

51.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

51.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

51.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for buildings related to eco tourism and education purposes.

51.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 51.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 51.1

51-2

Features of MU C6-22b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Forested
headland

None

Buffer zone between water Stunning aesthetic view

village and resort

Rank
1

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-22b

51.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 51.2.
Table 51.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-22b

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-22b, Tg. Logong, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Forested
headland

Preserve current unspoiled Development prohibited

condition of headland

51-3

52

MU C6-22c: Gayana Island Resort

52.1

Description
This sub management unit (MU) comprises the Gayana Island Resort, located west adjacent of
Tg. Logong.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-22c

Figure 52.1

MU C6-22c overview map.

Photo 52.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Pulau Gaya and KK City (22nd August 2011).

52-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

52.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

52.1.1.1

Morphology
Shoreline along this sub MU is within the embayment which possesses good quality of sandy
pocket beach. Thus, limited wave action is found across its coastal water.

52.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection structure is constructed except for few wooden jetties exist as a docking
point for small boats.

52.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Moderate to thick level of vegetation coverage is found behind the resort and remains relatively
untouched for the time being.
Marine Habitats

Poor quality reefs and live coral coverage are found within the near shore water.
52.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Solid wastes and sewages originating from the water villages
on the island (MU C6-19) are contaminating the near shore water occasionally.

52.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Gayang Island Resort is the sole settlement within this sub MU; consist of floating chalets built
on wooden piles.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

52.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

52.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

52.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism development.

52.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 52.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 52.1

Feature

Features of MU C6-22c and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Gayang Island None

Resort

52-2

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Favourite gateway for local and Enhancing

international tourists
industry

local

Rank

tourism 1

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-22c

52.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management objectives and strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top
ranked objectives (in order of priority) as outlined in Table 52.2.
Table 52.2

Feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C6-22c, Gayana Island Resort, in order of priority
rank.

Rank

Gayana Island 1
Resort

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC6-22c

Objectives

Strategies

Maintain aesthetic value and Enhance amenities and facilities of resort

amenities of resort

52-3

53

MU C7-01: Nexus Karambunai

53.1

Description
This management unit (MU) stretches from Tg. Kaitan and passes the Nexus Residence towards
the north of Karambunai Peninsula. The Nexus Karambunai Resort is located at the Southern
end within this MU.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-01

Figure 53.1

MU C7-01 overview map.

Photo 53.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Nexus Karambunai Resort, north of Tg. Kaitan (22nd August 2011).

53-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 53.2

Oblique aerial photo view of Nexus Residence Karambunai, north of Nexus Karambunai Resort (22 nd
August 2011).

53.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

53.1.1.1

Morphology
Coastline along this MU is characterized by good the quality of sandy beaches exposed to
moderate to strong wave attacks all year long. Consequently, higher long shore transport rate is
occurring in this MU notably during the rougher Northeast monsoon (November to March).
From Tg. Kaitan to Nexus Karambunai Resort, the coastline is of an embayment shape (see
Photo 53.1), a feature formed due to the existence of Tg. Kaitan hard point feature.
Significant long shore transport, low sediment supply and with a small setback limit has caused
erosion along the seawalls built at Nexus Karambunai Resort and Nexus Residence Karambunai
villa complex (refer Photo 53.3 and Photo 53.4). Historical satellite images, from 2004 to 2011,
revealed the coastline within this MU was eroding at a rate of -1.8 m per year with exception to
the beach south of Nexus Karambunai resort (close to Tg. Kaitan) which is relatively stable.
However, this erosion rate could be accelerated during storm events and increased with respect
to corresponding changes seen at Tg. Karambunai sand spit. Thus the coastline within this MU is
classified as eroding of Class 2 (NCES 1985) for the shoreline fronting the Nexus Resort, and
Class 1 for the shoreline fronting the villas.

53-2

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53.1.1.2

Photo 53.3

Temporary and solid large seawall structures built along several stretches of the villa beach front with
observed significant lee-side erosion, back scouring of structures and structural damage (17 th January
2011).

Photo 53.4

Smaller seawall structures built along two stretches in front of Nexus Karambunai resort with observed leeside erosion and back scouring of structures (17th January 2011).

Coastal Structures / Protection

Coastal protection structures were constructed both at Nexus Karambunai Resort and Nexus
Residence Karambunai villa complex.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-01

Nexus Karambunai Resort : Two stretches of masonry seawall, 50m and 100m respectively
Nexus Residence Karambunai : Approximately 800m of seawall (masonry and wooden)

53-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

53.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying the remaining undeveloped

shoreline in this MU as shown in Photo 53.5.

Photo 53.5

Beach forest along shoreline between Nexus Karambunai Resort and Nexus Residence Karambunai (17 th
January 2012).

Marine Habitats

Small patch of coral reef is found off of the seafront of Nexus Residence Karambunai, which is
categorized as poor quality of limited live coral percentage (9%). The entire stretch of coastline
along Karambunai beach up to Rasa Ria Resort is also a seasonal whale shark feeding ground.
The migratory whale sharks visit this area due to the abundant supply of krill from the Salut and
Mengkabung estuaries.
53.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to its open coastline promoting good water flushing
conditions. No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

53.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Two major property developments were built within this MU Nexus Karambunai Resort and
Nexus Residence Villa.
Both developments cater for local and international tourists and are regarded as among the best
in this region.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

53.1.1.6

53-4

Proposed Coastal Development

Under the governments Economic Transformation Plan (ETP), Karambunai Integrated Resort
City (KIRC) was launched to transform the Karambunai Peninsula into an eco-tourism
integrated city which consist of various facilities such as water theme park, harbour cruise etc

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-01

(see Figure 53.2). Gross invested value of this resort city stood at RM9.6 billion and expected to
be completed by the end of this decade. A pilot phase of KIRC development known as
Karambunai Beachfront Mixed Development (KBMD) will serve as the kick start project.

Figure 53.2

Illustration of Karambunai Integrated Resort City (KRIC) courtesy of Karambunai Corp.

53.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Issues concerning the stakeholders are mainly to do with the insufficient setback of the Nexus
Residence Karambunai residential Complex. And the complexes corresponding coastal
protection structures (seawall) which would likely affect the long shore sediment transport
along this MUs shoreline.

53.1.1.8

Future Land Use

High density tourism development.

53.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 53.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 53.1

Feature

Features of MU C7-01 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Open coastline Mild

to
moderate Important water recreational Tourists and
(sandy beach) coastline erosion
feature
industry
Tourist attraction owing to its
nice beach
Nexus
Resorts/
Nexus
Residence
Karambunai

tourism 1

Erosion
threatening Major
attraction
for Regional and local economies as 2
properties.
Erosion international and local tourists well as tourists
locally
arrested
by
seawalls.
Unmanaged erosion will
affect
the
tourism
potential

Fringing coral Poor

quality
reefs
degraded condition

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-01

local

Rank

and Act as marine habitats

Local fishermen

53-5

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

53.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 53.2.
Table 53.2

Feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-01, Nexus Karambunai, in order of priority
rank.

Objectives

Strategies

Open coastline 1
(sandy beach)

Rank

Manage coastline retreat

Development along the coastline shall not interrupt the

existing coastal processes
Ensure setback limit of minimum 150 m from high water line
(HAT) is fulfilled
Allow natural erosion (sacrificial buffer) along undeveloped
coastline

Nexus
Resorts/
Nexus
Residence
Karambunai

2.a

Protect resort
against erosion

2.b

Maintain and promote as High Density Tourism Development

tourism destination
Ensure developments comply with local authority plan and
guidelines requirements.

Fringing coral 3
reefs

53-6

and

villas Beach nourishment is encouraged to maintain the natural

asset (beach). Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to
demonstrate the applicability of a beach nourishment
schemed and assess impacts on adjacent coastline (within
subcell)
Hard protection structure is discouraged along the beach.
Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to demonstrate the
impacts of hard protection structures on adjacent coastline
(within the subcell)

Potential for rehabilitation

Installation of artificial reefs or other rehabilitation measures

Rehabilitation and protection by resort or KIRC

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-01

54

MU C7-02: Kuala Karambunai

54.1

Description
This management unit (MU) stretches from the northern boundary of MU C7-01 (Nexus
Residence) until the beach just south of the Rasa Ria Resort. It covers the northern section of
Karambunai Beach and Kuala Karambunai, which contains Tg. Karambunai and Tg. Badak as
well as tidal inlet of Salut Mengkabung estuaries.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02

Figure 54.1

MU C7-02 overview map.

Photo 54.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Karambunai (22nd August 2011) and the important features found
within the MU.

54-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

54.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

54.1.1.1

Morphology
Salut Mengkabung estuaries located behind the MU are a combination of two large estuaries
within the studied area (refer to Photo 54.1).
Tidal flow across the inlet is significant thus forming ebb and flood shoals between them. Sand
spits on both side of the inlet at Tg. Karambunai and Tg. Badak are morphologically active.
Whereas the evolution from year to year shows some variation, there has been a very clear
trend that for the time being the sand spit at Tg. Badak (northern bank) is accreting while sand
spit at Tg. Karambunai (southern bank) is growing into the inlet. This accretion rate was
approximately in the order of +5 m per year between years 1965 to 2011. Beach immediately
south of Tg. Karambunai is experiencing severe erosion as a result of morphological activity
occurring at the sand spit of Tg. Karambunai coupled with strong wave attacks (see Photo 54.2).
Historical satellite images along this coastline, from 1965 to 2011, revealed that the beach was
eroding at a rate of an average -3.3 m per year. Since 1998 onward, the average erosion rate
stood at around -3.1 m per year. It should be noted that during severe storm events, more beach
loss would occur (as witnessed in Greg Storm, 1996). Any changes occurring at Tg. Karambunai
and Tg. Badak sand spits could cause a chain effect to the adjacent beaches. Severe wave
conditions along this beach also lead to wave run-up events which breach the beach forest and
erode them (refer to Photo 54.3).
Coastline within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 3 (NCES 1985).

Photo 54.2

54-2

Alongshore view at northern Karambunai Beach, falling vegetation indicating significant erosion (17th
January 2012).

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-02

Photo 54.3

Sand washed over a weak section of the spit by severe run-up events indicating potential for breach. Left:
aerial photo from April 2011 before run-up event. Right and lower: Photo from site visit on 17th January
2011, after run-up event.

54.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Petronas Gas Pipeline which transports natural gas from offshore to the receiving facility at
Petronas Gas Terminal at Gayang, is located within this MUs coastal water zone. The pipeline is
buried beneath the seabed running through the river mouth (north-westerly direction). Pipeline
was retrenched in year 2010.

54.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying the inner sand spit and landward
beaches, shown in Photo 54.4.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02

54-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 54.4

Beach forests found at Tg. Karambunai (top image) and northern Karambunai Beach (bottom image).
Photos were taken on 17th January 2012.

Marine Habitats

Sea grass beds are populating within the Karambunai Peninsula lagoon or cheniers located
inside the Salut estuary. These sea grass are stressed from sediment and pollutant runoffs
originating from various developments within the estuaries (aquaculture) and hinterland
activities (land or mangroves clearing).
54.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality at the estuaries inlet is classified within the standard of Class E
(Malaysia Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found
within near shore water or river mouth although it is slightly turbid.

54.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Coastlines along this MU remain largely undeveloped except for a small recreational centre
located at Tg. Karambunai on the inland side which is owned by Nexus Resort.

54-4

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-02

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

54.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

Under the governments Economic Transformation Plan (ETP), Karambunai Integrated Resort
City (KIRC) was launched to transform the Karambunai Peninsula into an eco-tourism
integrated city which consist of various facilities such as water theme park, harbour cruise etc
(see Figure 54.2). Gross invested value of this resort city stood at RM9.6 billion and expected to
be completed by the end of this decade. A pilot phase of KIRC development known as
Karambunai Beachfront Mixed Development (KBMD) will serve as the kick start project.

Figure 54.2

Illustration of Karambunai Integrated Resort City (KRIC) courtesy of Karambunai Corp.

At the time of this report being written, two medium sized coastal resorts developments are
proposed namely Alila Resort and Lagoon Resort, according to Sabah Development Corridor
Entry Point Projects. They are located east of Tg. Badak within the Sg. Mengkabung estuary.
These resorts also consist of villas to cater for local and international tourists.
54.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Neighbouring development of KIRC could influence the erosion for the existing condition at this
MU.

54.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent public recreational facilities or
amenities. River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream flooding
issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land
usage on the banks of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent
improvement work structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

54.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 54.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02

54-5

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 54.1

Features of MU C7-02 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Sand
Spit/Chenier

Morphologically active

Maintain tidal flow between the

estuary and open coastal water
Tourist attraction
Supply sediments to the
southern MU (MUC7-01)

Tourists
1
Local communities
Nexus Karambunai Resort/
Nexus Residence Karambunai

River and river Morphologically active

mouth
Small boat navigation

Sediment supply to nearshore

sediment cell of adjacent MU
Serve as navigation route for
small boats

Local communities who utilize 2

the river mouth as a navigation
route
Jabatan Laut Sabah
Tour operators/ Tourists

Terrestrial
Vegetation
Petronas
Pipeline

Threatened by coastline Buffer zone against coastline Resorts and properties located 3
erosion
erosion
behind the vegetation
Gas Safety and environmental Transfer gas from offshore to Regional users
risks pose by pipeline
receiving facility at Petronas industries
Gas Terminal

Sea
grass Stressed
from
(within lagoon sediments/pollutants
of Salut)
discharged
from
aquaculture,
inland
development
and
industries

and

Marine habitats
Local fishing communities
Food source for certain marine Researchers
species
Conservationists
Biodiversity

Recreational
Slight erosion at river Serve as recreational spot and Tourists and
Centre (Nexus) bank
tourist attraction
industry

54.1.3

Rank

local

local 4

tourism 6

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 54.2.
Table 54.2

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Sand
Spit/Chenier

Allow for
fluctuations

Strategies
morphological Development prohibited at both the Tg. Karambunai spit and
Tg. Badak side

2.a
River and river
mouth
2.b

Preserve current condition of Development prohibited at the river mouth

river mouth

Terrestrial
vegetation

Preserve forest as buffer zone Incorporate coastal vegetation belt plan

Petronas
Pipeline

54-6

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-02, Kuala Karambunai, in order of priority
rank.

3
Gas 4

Improve
river
navigability

mouth River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)

to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

Protect gas pipeline against Monitoring of pipeline burial by Petronas

erosion or scour

Seagrass
5
(within lagoon
of Salut)

Conserve seagrass

No direct impacts (clearing) of sea grass area allowed

EIA for any development in this or adjacent units must
demonstrate no impacts to sea grass including direct impacts
and reducing sediment and pollutant runoffs and discharges

Recreational
6
Centre (Nexus)

Maintain
and
protect Planting of vegetation along river bank
recreational centre against Soft protection measurements
river bank erosion

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-02

55

MU C7-02b: Petronas Gas Terminal

55.1

Description
This sub management unit (MU) is designated for Petronas Gas Terminal complex, which is
located south of Gayang village on the Mengkabung estuary.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02b

Figure 55.1

MU C7-02b overview map.

Photo 55.1

Oblique aerial photo view showing location of Petronas Gas Terminal (22nd August 2011).

55-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

55.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

55.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct coastal morphology features or activities exist in this sub MU as its boundary covers
only the gas terminal complex land section. Shoreline of this sub MU refers to river bank of Sg.
Mengkabung fronting the complex which is relatively stable for the time being.

55.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Seaward boundary of this sub MU (facing the estuary water) is not protected with a coastal
protection structure. The only coastal structure that exists is the Petronas Gas Pipeline which
transports natural gas from offshore to the receiving facility at this complex. The pipeline is
buried beneath the seabed running through the river mouth (north-westerly direction). Pipeline
was retrenched in year 2010.

55.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

No valuable coastal habitat is found occupying along the shoreline due to the land being cleared
for the gas terminal complex development.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found as its boundary covers only the gas terminal complex land
section.
55.1.1.4

Water Quality
No water quality observation needed as this sub MU boundary covers only the gas terminal
complex land section.

55.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

This gas terminal complex serves as storage point for natural gas transferred from offshore
through the subsea pipeline. Gas is then delivered to customers within the KKIP zone.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

55.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

55.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
This sub MU was separated from the sub MU of Gayang (MU C7-02d) to avoid conflict in terms of
land use purposes (between heavy industries and villages/aquaculture activities of this sub MU
and Gayang MU respectively).

55.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Restricted to light industry development. Further development of industry in this area should be
prohibited along the estuary shoreline.

55.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the sub MU are identified and their related issues, importance
and benefits are listed as shown in Table 55.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

55-2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02b

Table 55.1

Feature
Petronas
Terminal

55.1.3

Features of MU C7-02b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature
Gas Environmental risk

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Storage
for
natural
gas Regional and local industries 1
transferred from offshore point players

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 55.2.
Table 55.2

Feature
Petronas
Terminal

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02b

Management objective and strategy allocated for MU C7-02b, Petronas Gas Terminal, in order of priority
rank.

Rank
Gas 1

Objectives
Control
development

Strategies
industrial Any future industry development shall not affect water
quality and surrounding environment

55-3

56

MU C7-02c: Salut Mengkabung Estuaries

56.1

Description
This sub management unit (MU) encompasses both the estuaries of Sg. Salut and Sg.
Mengkabung which are among the largest estuaries found in the studied area.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02c

Figure 56.1

MU C7-02c overview map.

Photo 56.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Salut Mengkabung estuaries taken on 22nd August 2011.

56-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

56.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

56.1.1.1

Morphology
Salut Mengkabung estuaries are located behind MU C7-02 of Kuala Karambunai (refer to Photo
56.1). Waves reaching the estuaries inlet are forced to break over the ebb shoals, thus, limited
waves are seen propagating into the estuaries. Few small islands, sand bars or flood shoals are
formed behind the inlet.
Both Sg. Salut and Sg. Mengkabung discharge significant amount of runoffs into the estuaries
due to their large catchment sizes as well as land cleared for various development purposes.

56.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection structure is being built within the estuaries for the time being. Only a few
wooden jetties scattered around the estuaries functioning mainly as docking points for local
fishermen and aquaculture industries.
Other than the Petronas Gas Pipeline, a distribution gas pipeline from Petronas Gas Terminal to
IPP Powertron (at KKIP Industrial zone) crosses Sg. Salut immediately west of the Marine
Department Headquarters. Near Kg. Baharu, a water pipeline and a telecom cable cross Sg. Salut
in a straight line in a north-westerly direction.

56.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Mangroves are found densely populating within these estuaries and dominated by species of
Rhizophora apiculata, generally in a healthy condition. The Mengkabung estuary mangroves are
relatively intact; although some areas have been lost to road construction and smaller scale
reclamation and the area seems to be under increasing development pressure along all fringes.
Mangrove areas in Salut estuary consist of small fringes around the estuary. Clearing has
previously taken place to give way to e.g. the KK-Sulaman highway construction and the
development of Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park (KKIP).
Existing mangrove coverage within the estuaries (within the management units boundary)
currently stands at approximately of 426 Ha, whereas the corresponding area of mangrove
conservation presented in KKIP Masterplan 2011 is only of approximately 302 Ha. This showed
a deficit area size of 124 Ha which would be cleared and developed.
Marine Habitats

The estuaries also support scattered sea grass beds. The largest sea grass bed is found within
the Mengkabung estuary located next to Kg. Lantuang.
56.1.1.4

Water Quality
Water quality status within the estuaries is unknown. Visual inspection revealed it is of turbid
and slight brackish. Suspended sediment loads from the Salut and Mengkabung rivers are
increasing due to the extensive development in the hinterland areas surrounding the estuaries.

56.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Villages, government complex (Jabatan Laut Sabah) and few private buildings are settling along
the banks of the estuaries.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Fish cage culture and prawn aquaculture ponds are scattered around the two estuaries.

56-2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02c

56.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed. Future land use of KKIP owned land (or KKIP
development plan) should be clarified.

56.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Issues concerning stakeholders are of clearing of mangroves for various development activities
such as road construction, aquaculture and building construction.

56.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for fish cage culture which does not involve mangroves clearing,
building related to educational or eco-tourism and mangrove walk ways.

56.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 56.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 56.1

56.1.3

Features of MU C7-02c and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Mangroves

Clearing for various Breeding ground for various Local fishing communities
development purposes
marine species
Villagers settling along
Not gazetted
Trap sediments from being estuaries
released into estuary water
Retain
and
recycle
nutrients/toxicants
in Supports marine habitats
Local fishing communities
to Fishing and aquaculture
Tourism/ tour operators
Navigation
Flushing of river mouth (MUC702)

Rank
1

the

Estuary

Potential reduction
tidal prism due
reclamation
Water quality issues

Sea grass

Stressed
from
sediments/pollutants
discharged
from
aquaculture,
inland
development
and
industries

Aquaculture

Water quality issues as a Additional source of fish and Food industry of both local and 4
result of discharged prawn livestock for local and international level
effluent
export market
Job opportunities for nearby
communities

Villages (Kg.
Lantuang,, Kg.
Trayong, Kg.
Karambunai,
etc.)

Water quality issues due Settlement

to release of untreated communities
sewage
Sanitation
and
cleanliness issues related
to waste disposal

Marine habitats
Local fishing communities
Food source for certain marine Researchers
species
Conservationists
Biodiversity

for

local Local villagers

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 56.2.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02c

56-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 56.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-02c, Salut Mengkabung Estuaries, in order
of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

Conserve mangroves

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Estuary

2.a

Maintain tidal prism

2.b

Maintain/ improve
quality status

Sea grass

Conserve sea grass

Aquaculture

Maintain/ improve
quality status

Villages (Kg. 5.a

Lantuang,, Kg.
Trayong, Kg.
Karambunai,
5.b
etc.)

56-4

No reclamation allowed
water Carry out master plan study on effluent discharges from
future industrial development
Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for wastes
disposal
No direct impacts (clearing) of sea grass area allowed
EIA for any development in this or adjacent units must
demonstrate no impacts to sea grass including direct impacts
and reducing sediment and pollutant runoffs and discharges
water Ensure that aquaculture activities do not impact water
quality within river system (carrying capacity study
required)
Ensure farms receive recommendations from Fishery
Department
Prescribe fulfillment of Good Aquaculture Practice (GAqP)
guidelines for existing and new farms
Monitor farm activities and water quality

Maintain villages sanitation Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

and cleanliness
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers to
dispose their solid wastes
Maintain and improve village Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of
areas
villagers
Promote cultural tourism e.g, homestay

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02c

57

MU C7-02d: Gayang

57.1

Description
This sub management unit (MU) stretches from Gayang village in the north of the unit along the
Mengkabung estuary until the KKIP land zone located at the Salut Estuary.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02d

Figure 57.1

MU C7-02d overview map.

Photo 57.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Karambunai taken on 22nd August 2011 and location of Gayang sub
MU behind the estuary inlet.

57-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

57.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

57.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology features or activities exist in this sub MU as its boundary covers only the
land section. Shoreline of this sub MU refers to river banks of Sg. Salut and Sg. Mengkabung.

57.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection structures are built.
Few wooden jetties serving as docking points for small boats exist, such as those located at Kg.
Gayang.

57.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of bushes and light densely populated forest covers the undeveloped land
portion which is of limited biological value.
Mangrove forest lie within this sub MU will be covered and included in sub MU C7-02c.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found as this sub MU boundary covers only the land section.
57.1.1.4

Water Quality
No water quality observation is needed as this sub MU boundary covers only the land section.
Water within the estuary will be covered under sub MU C7-02c.

57.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Few traditional villages are settling within this sub MU Kg. Gayang (largest), Kg. Baharu, Kg.
Betangan, Kg. Santing and Kg. Malawa.
Large section of undeveloped land bank belongs to KKIP can be developed for either industrial
or tourism purposes.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Small sized aquaculture ponds are found and are involved mostly in prawn farming.
57.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed. Future land use of KKIP land bank (or KKIP
development plan) should be clarified.

57.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

57.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism, housing or commercial development.

57.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the sub MU are identified and their related issues, importance
and benefits are listed as shown in Table 57.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

57-2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02d

Table 57.1

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Aquaculture

Water quality issues as a Additional source of fish and Food industry of both local and 1
result of discharged prawn livestock for local and international level
effluent
export market
Job opportunities for nearby
communities

Villages
Gayang,,
Baharu,
Betangan,
Santing,
Malawa)

Water quality issues due Settlement

to release of untreated communities
sewage
Sanitation
and
cleanliness issues related
to waste disposal

KKIP
Zone

57.1.3

Features of MU C7-02d and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

(Kg.
Kg.
Kg.
Kg.
Kg.

Importance of feature

for

Benefits provided by feature

local Local villagers

Rank

Land Existing and future land Land bank for future industrial Regional and local economies 3
use allocated of this zone development
/industries

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 57.2.
Table 57.2

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Aquaculture

Preserve /
status

Villages
Gayang,,
Baharu,
Betangan,
Santing,
Malawa)
KKIP
Zone

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-02d

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-02d, Gayang, in order of priority rank.

(Kg. 2.a
Kg.
Kg.
Kg. 2.b
Kg.
Land 3

Strategies
improve water Ensure farms receive recommendations from Fishery
Department
Prescribe fulfillment of Good Aquaculture Practice (GAqP)
guidelines for existing farms
Monitor farm activities and water quality
Prohibit development of new ponds

Maintain and improve village Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of
areas
villagers
Promote cultural tourism e.g, homestay
Maintain villages sanitation Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
and cleanliness
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers to
dispose their solid wastes
Promote low to middle sized Through local or state development plan
industry activities

57-3

58

MU C7-03: Shangri La Rasa Ria Resort

58.1

Description
This management unit (MU) stretches from the northern boundary of MU C7-02 (Kuala
Karambunai) until the headland of Tg. Dalit. It encompasses the renowned Shangri La Rasa Ria
Resort (5 stars), noted as one of the best in the region.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-03

Figure 58.1

MU C7-03 overview map.

Photo 58.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Shangri La Rasa Ria Resort and Tg. Dalit taken on 22nd August 2011.

58-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

58.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

58.1.1.1

Morphology
The coastline in this MU is characterized by wide, embayed and high quality sandy beaches
fronting the Rasa Ria Resort. Similar to Karambunai Beach the wave conditions reaching the
shore in this MU is of moderate to strong level. Headland of Tg. Dalit provides a shelter for the
beach from the Northeast monsoon wave attack.
Sand bypass is expected at the Tg. Dalit headland especially during the rough north-east
monsoon conditions where sand is transported from the Sabandar cell and into the Karambunai
cell. Once the sediment has bypassed Tg. Dalit, it does not return to the Sabandar cell.
Beach within this MU is stable at the time being with no erosion occurring.

58.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

58.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying along the MUs shoreline, as
shown in Photo 58.2.

Photo 58.2

Low lying beach forest backing the beach south of Rasa Ria Resort (5 th November 2011).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
58.1.1.4

58-2

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore
waters.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-03

58.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Shangri La Rasa Ria Resort is the only development constructed in this MU, which has adopted
a sensible setback limit of more than 100m. Towards Tg. Dalit is an orang utan sanctuary
managed by the resort.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

58.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

58.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

58.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism development.

58.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 58.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 58.1

Feature

58.1.3

Features of MU C7-03 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

local

Rank

Open Coastline None

(Sandy beach)

Important water recreational Tourists and

feature
industry
Tourist attraction owing to its
nice beach

tourism 1

Shangri-La
None
Rasa
Ria
Resort

Major
attraction
for Regional and local economies as 2
international and local tourists well as tourists

Tg.
Dalit None
headland

Maintain stability of coastline Resorts and settlement along 3

as a hardpoint feature
the beach till Tg. Badak
Allow for sediment bypass from
northern subcell of Sabandar

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 58.2.
Table 58.2

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-03

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-03, Shangri La Rasa Ria Resort, in order of
priority rank.

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Open Coastline 1
(Sandy beach)

Preserve
condition

current

beach Ensure setback limit of minimum 60m from high water line
(HAT)

Shangri-La
2
Rasa
Ria
Resort

Maintain / promote tourism Promote low to medium density tourism development south
destination
of Rasa Ria Resort
Ensure developments comply with local authority plan and
guidelines requirements

Tg.
Dalit 3
headland
/
vegetated hill

Preserve
headland
as Restrict any development which could destroy headland
aesthetic landscape feature
stability and its vegetation/forest

58-3

59

MU C7-03b: Estuary between Tg. Badak and Kg. Trayong

59.1

Description
This sub management unit (MU) covers the short stretch of coastal land located in between Tg.
Badak and Kg. Trayong as highlighted in Figure 59.1.

Figure 59.1

MU C7-03b overview map.

Photo 59.1

Oblique aerial photo view of MU C7-03b (taken on 22nd August 2011) located between Tg. Badak and Kg.
Trayong along Sg. Mengkabung estuary.

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC7-03b

59-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

59.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

59.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology features or activities exist in this sub MU as its boundary covers only the
land section. Shoreline of this sub MU refers to river banks of Sg. Mengkabung.

59.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal structure or protection structure is built.

59.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of bushes and light densely populated forest covers the undeveloped land
portion.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found as this sub MU boundary covers only the land section.
59.1.1.4

Water Quality
No water quality observation is needed as this sub MU boundary covers only the land section.
Water within the estuary will be covered under sub MU C7-02c.

59.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Few village houses are scattering around the sub MU.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

59.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

Under Sabah Development Corridor Entry Point Projects, two medium sized resorts are
proposed within the sub MU; Alila Resort and Lagoon Resort. These include coastal resort and
villa construction.

59.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

59.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism developments.

59.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the sub MU are identified and their related issues, importance
and benefits are listed as shown in Table 59.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

59-2

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC7-03b

Table 59.1

Features of MU C7-03b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Few
traditional
village houses

Water quality issues due Settlement

to release of untreated communities
sewage
Sanitation
and
cleanliness issues related
to waste disposal

Light forest / None

bushes

59.1.3

Importance of feature
for

Benefits provided by feature

local Local villagers

Rank
1

Habitat for various flora and Breeding ground for fauna and 2
fauna
as buffer zone

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 59.2.
Table 59.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-03b, Estuary between Tg. Badak and Kg.
Trayong, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Few
traditional
village houses

1.a

Maintain and improve village Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of
areas
villagers

1.b

Maintain villages sanitation Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

and cleanliness
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers to
dispose their solid wastes

Light forest / 2
bushes

62800515-RPT-Vol-1B-MUC7-03b

Strategies

Preserve aesthetic value of Restrict development which involves extensive forest

forest / vegetation
clearing
Ensure development to be eco-friendly sitting in between the
forests

59-3

60

MU C7-03c: Kg. Trayong

60.1

Description
This sub management unit (MU) refers to the settlement of Kg. Trayong, located north of Sg.
Mengkabung.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-03c

Figure 60.1

MU C7-03c overview map.

Photo 60.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kg. Trayong (taken on 22nd August 2011) located along Sg. Mengkabung
estuary.

60-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

60.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

60.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology features or activities exist in this sub MU as its boundary covers only the
land section. Shoreline of this sub MU refers to river banks of Sg. Mengkabung.

60.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Few wooden jetties serving as docking points for small boats exist.

60.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of bushes and light densely populated forest covers the undeveloped land
portion which is of limited biological value.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found as this sub MU boundary covers only the land section.
60.1.1.4

Water Quality
No water quality observation is needed as this sub MU boundary covers only the land section.
Water within the estuary will be covered under sub MU C7-02c.

60.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Kg. Trayong, a medium sized traditional village is the sole settlement within the sub MU.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed (fish cages found within the estuary
water will be covered under MU C7-02c).
60.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plan is proposed.

60.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

60.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Village expansion restricted.

60.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the sub MU are identified and their related issues, importance
and benefits are listed as shown in Table 60.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

60-2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-03c

Table 60.1

Feature

Features of MU C7-03c and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Village
(Kg. Water quality issues due Settlement
Trayong)
to release of untreated communities
sewage
Sanitation
and
cleanliness issues related
to waste disposal

60.1.3

for

Benefits provided by feature

local Local villagers

Rank
1

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 60.2.
Table 60.2

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-03c

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-03c, Kg. Trayong, in order of priority rank.

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Village
(Kg. 1.a
Trayong)

Maintain and improve village Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of
areas
villagers
Promote cultural tourism e.g, homestay

1.b

Maintain villages sanitation Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

and cleanliness
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers to
dispose their solid wastes

60-3

61

MU C7-04: Kuala Tambalang

61.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the small section of Sg. Tambalang river mouth, Kuala
Tambalang which is located immediate north of Tg. Dalit.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-04

Figure 61.1

MU C7-04 overview map.

Photo 61.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Tambalang taken on 22nd August 2011.

61-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

61.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

61.1.1.1

Morphology
The river mouth of Sg. Tambalang is approximately 100m in width and its downstream part of
the river runs parallel to the coastline for almost 2 km. Sand spit at the northern bank of the
river mouth is morphologically active, but considered to be low as compared to other larger
river mouth, e.g. Sg. Papar. Slight erosion is seen at the sand spit for the time being.
Limited waves are propagating into the river mouth due to the existence of shallow sand bars in
front of the river mouth, where the waves break and dissipate.
Sediments discharged from Sg. Tambalang feed its adjacent coastal cells along MU C7-03 and C705.

61.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No major coastal protection or structure is constructed within the river mouth except a 120m
stretch of single layer (height less than 1.5m) rock revetment fronting Dalit Bay Golf Club (see
Photo 61.2). Its impact onto the river morphology can be neglected.

Photo 61.2

61.1.1.3

Rock revetment (single layer) fronting Dalit Bay Golf Club at Kuala Tambalang (5 th November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying the sand spit, refer to Photo 61.3.

61-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-04

Photo 61.3

Beach forest along the sand spit of Kuala Tambalang (5th November 2011).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
61.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class E (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore water
although slight turbidity is observed owing to sediments discharged from Sg. Tambalang.

61.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented within the river mouth. Dalit Bay Golf Club
is located behind the river mouth.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

61.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

61.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

61.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent public recreational facilities or
amenities. River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream flooding
issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land
usage on the banks of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent
improvement work structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-04

61-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

61.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 61.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 61.1

Feature

Features of MU C7-04 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

River and river Morphologically active

mouth
Small boat navigation

Sediment supply to near shore

sediment cell
Serve as navigation route for
small boats

Local communities who utilize 1

the river mouth as a navigation
route
Tour operators/ Tourists

Sand Spit

Maintain tidal flow between the

estuary and open coastal water
Tourist attraction
Supply sediments to the
adjacent management unit
(MUC7-03 and MUC7-05)

Tourists
Local communities
Rasa Ria Resort
Properties along
Beach

Morphologically active

Dalit Bay Golf None

Club

61.1.3

Rank

Sabandar

Tourist destination for local and Regional and local economies as 3

international visitors
well as tourists

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 61.2.
Table 61.2

Feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-04, Kuala Tambalang, in order of priority rank.

Rank

River and river 1.a

mouth

Sand Spit

Strategies

Preserve present condition of Development prohibited at river mouth

river mouth

1.b

Improve
river
navigability
and
conveyance

Allow for
fluctuations

Dalit Bay Golf 3

Club

61-4

Objectives

Maintain
destination

mouth River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)

flood to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

morphological 500m setback on sand spit (coastal and river mouth sides)
as

tourism Preserve existing facilities and

development around river mouth

prevent

any

future

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-04

62

MU C7-05: Sabandar Beach

62.1

Description
This management unit (MU) stretches from Kuala Tambalang (MU C7-04) northward to Kuala
Tuaran (MU C7-06) covering around 7.0 km of shoreline. A sub management unit was created
and separated from this main MU, MU C7-05b of Tambalang Estuary Mangroves.

Figure 62.1

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-05

MU C7-05 overview map.

62-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 62.1

62-2

Oblique aerial photo view of Sabandar Beach taken on 22nd August 2011.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-05

62.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

62.1.1.1

Morphology
Sandy beach along this MUs shoreline is the longest to be found within the studied area. Wave
climate within this MU is similar to the rest of the subcell, of moderate to strong wave attacks all
year round (strongest during Northeast Monsoon).
The beach appears to be relatively stable at the moment with exception to certain stretches.
Beach immediate south of Kuala Tuaran is suffering from severe erosion as witnessed by
extensive amounts of falling trees. This is mainly caused by sand mining activities within Sg.
Tuaran which has since reduced the sediment supply discharged into the near shore water. If
this scenario persists, the entire coastline of Sabandar Beach and adjacent MUC7-07 will be
affected. Erosion rates within this area between years 2005 to 2011, was in the order of -3.1 m
per year. Minor erosion is occurring towards the southern end of the MU, close to Kuala
Tambalang (erosion rate of -0.8 m per year, from years 2005 to 2011).
The beach is currently rated within Category 2 for a majority of the section except for the
shoreline fronting protection structures and facilities at Tuaran Beach Resort and private
residential (see Photo 62.2 and Photo 62.3).

62.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

Seawalls (of around 400m length fronting Tuaran Beach Resort), in Photo 62.2, and a layer of
rock revetment fronting a private house (700m north of Tuaran Beach Resort),in Photo 62.3, are
built along the shoreline with no sensible setback distance. These structures are expected to
cause small to moderate impact onto the long shore sediment transport rate along this MU.

Photo 62.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-05

Seawalls fronting Tuaran Beach Resort, remain in sound condition (5th November 2011).

62-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 62.3

62.1.1.3

Rock revetment fronting a private house, in failing mode (5 th November 2011).

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level populating along the undeveloped shoreline,
refer to Photo 62.4.

Photo 62.4

Beach forest located south adjacent to Tuaran Beach Resort (5th November 2011).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
62.1.1.4

62-4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) as no major pollutants are found. However, the standard
of Class 2 is exceeded at near shore immediately south of Kuala Tuaran which is contaminated
by suspended sediments, nutrients and faecal coliform originating from Sg. Tuaran.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-05

62.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Medium sized resorts are being developed along the coastline namely Tuaran Beach resort or
formerly known as Sabandar Bay Resort. Several private houses are also seen behind the beach.

Photo 62.5

Tuaran Beach Resort in its present state (5th November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

62.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed. The area is zoned for no development under the
Tuaran Local Plan.

62.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

62.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Within buffer zones, only allow for small scale developments of public recreation facilities or
amenities. Low or medium density tourism development outside coastal forest buffer zones.

62.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 62.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-05

62-5

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Table 62.1

Feature

Features of MU C7-05 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Open coastline Mild

to
moderate Tourist attraction owing to its Tourists and
(sandy beach) coastline erosion
nice beach
industry

local

Rank

tourism 1

Medium sized Moderate

erosion Attraction for international and Regional and local economies as 2
resort (Tuaran threatening
properties local tourists
well as tourists
Beach Resort) due
to
insufficient
setback. Erosion locally
arrested by seawalls.
Unmanaged erosion will
affect
the
tourism
potential

62.1.3

Residential
areas

Severe
erosion Settlement
threatening
properties communities
due
to
insufficient
setback. Erosion locally
arrested by revetment

for

local Local communities

Terrestrial
Vegetation

Threatened by coastline Buffer zone against coastline Resorts and properties located 4
erosion
erosion
behind the vegetation

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 62.2.
Table 62.2

Feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-05, Sabandar Beach, in order of priority rank.

Rank

Open coastline 1.a

(sandy beach)

1.b

62-6

Objectives

Strategies

Manage coastline retreat

Development along the coastline shall not interrupt the

existing coastal processes
Ensure setback limit of minimum 100m from high water line
(HAT) along most of the southern frontage, however this
should be increased to 215m north of the Tuaran beach
resort extending to MU C7-06 south of theriver mouth.
Allow for natural (sacrificial buffer) along undeveloped
coastline

Maintain
and
promote Promote low to medium density tourism development
tourism development
Ensure developments comply with local authority plan and
guidelines requirements.

Medium sized 2
resort (Tuaran
Beach Resort)

Protect against erosion

Beach nourishment is encouraged to maintain the natural

asset (beach). Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to
demonstrate the applicability of a beach nourishment
schemed and assess impacts on adjacent coastline (within
sub-cell)
Hard protection structure is discouraged along the beach.
Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to demonstrate the
impacts of hard protection structures on adjacent coastline
(within the subcell)

Residential
areas

Protect against erosion

Beach nourishment is encouraged to maintain the natural

asset (beach). Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to
demonstrate the applicability of a beach nourishment
schemed and assess impacts on adjacent coastline (within
sub-cell)
Hard protection structure is discouraged along the beach.
Coastal hydraulic study to be carried out to demonstrate the
impacts of hard protection structures on adjacent coastline
(within the MU)

Terrestrial
Vegetation

Preserve forest as buffer zone Incorporate coastal vegetation belt

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-05

63

MU C7-05b: Tambalang Estuary Mangrove

63.1

Description
This sub management unit covers the mangroves found along Sg. Tambalang and a portion of
the Sg. Tuaran southern tributary which is in contact with Tambalang estuary.

Figure 63.1

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-05b

MU C7-05b overview map.

63-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

Photo 63.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Tambalang Estuary Mangrove, located behind Sabandar Beach, taken on
22nd August 2011.

63.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

63.1.1.1

Morphology
No distinct morphology features or activities exist in this sub MU as it encompasses the river
channel of Sg. Tambalang, which is a moderate size river.

63.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

63.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Mangrove forests fringing Sg. Tambalang and Sg. Tuaran (southern tributary) estuaries are
relatively pristine and dense with little encroachment or clearing performed to date.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the river water.

63.1.1.4

Water Quality
Water quality status within Sg. Tambalang is unknown. Visual inspection revealed it is turbid
and slight brackish.

63.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

A fish farm complex facility is located north of Dalit Bay Golf Club. Kelly Bear recreational centre
is operating along the river bank close to the river mouth.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Few aquaculture cages and ponds are seen operating along the downstream of Sg. Tambalang,
with some of them possibly involved in minor mangrove clearing.

63-2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-05b

63.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

63.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

63.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for building related to educational or eco-tourism and
mangrove walk ways.

63.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 63.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 63.1

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Mangroves

Clearing for various Breeding ground for various Local fishing communities
development purposes
marine species
Villagers settling along
Not gazetted
Trap sediments from being estuaries
released into estuary water
Retain
and
recycle
nutrients/toxicants

Aquaculture

63.1.3

Features of sub MU C7-05b and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank
1

the

Water quality issues as a Additional source of fish and Food industry of both local and 2
result of discharged prawn livestock for local and international level
effluent
export market
Job opportunities for nearby
communities

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 63.2.
Table 63.2

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-05b

Management objectives and strategies allocated for sub MU C7-05b, Tambalang Estuary Mangrove, in
order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

Conserve mangrove

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Aquaculture

Preserve / improve water Ensure that aquaculture activities do not impact water
quality status
quality within river system (carrying capacity study
required)
Ensure farms receive recommendations from Fishery
Department
Prescribe fulfillment of Good Aquaculture Practice (GAqP)
guidelines for existing farms
Monitor farm activities and water quality
Prohibit development of new ponds and cage culture farms

63-3

64

MU C7-06: Kuala Tuaran

64.1

Description
This management unit (MU) encompasses the river mouth of Sg. Tuaran, Kuala Tuaran.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-06

Figure 64.1

MU C7-06 overview map.

Photo 64.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Kuala Tuaran taken on 22nd August 2011.

64-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

64.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

64.1.1.1

Morphology
As with other major river mouths, Kuala Tuaran is highly morphological active and possesses
significant amounts of discharge and sediment outflow.
Historically, Kuala Tuaran and its associated sand spit at its southern bank have been
morphologically active. This sand spit is currently accreting across the river mouth causing the
northern river bank to gradually erode and being pushed northward in order to maintain the
river outflow.
Sediments discharged from this river are the main source of feed to its adjacent beaches (MUC705 and MUC7-07). Any disruption to this sediment supply could create significant impact on the
existing coastline orientation in the adjacent management unit mentioned. The on-going
intensive sand mining operations along this river has led to a reduction of sediment supply to its
surrounding near shore areas thus causing erosion, for instance, the beach immediately south of
Kuala Tuaran (refer to Photo 64.2).
Thus, the coastline within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 2 (NCES 1985).

Photo 64.2

Erosion indication by falling vegetation along Sg. Tuaran river bank (left) and beach immediate south of
Kuala Tuaran (right). Both pictures were taken on 5th November 2011.

64.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

64.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

There are extensive nipah mangroves along the river especially on the southern tributaries of
Sg. Tuaran. Although much of the swamp has already been alienated, no clearing of the swamp
vegetation should be permitted.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
64.1.1.4

64-2

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class E (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). Significant amounts of sediment plume and debris was
observed at the near shore water of this MU as seen in Photo 64.3. Other major pollutants found
are of nutrients and faecal coliform.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-06

Photo 64.3

64.1.1.5

Enormous amount of debris washed up to the sand spit of Kuala Tuaran.

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

No settlement exists within the river mouth at the moment. However, a sand mining operator
was located at a distance of less than 400m from the river mouth during the survey trip
performed in November 2011 (see Photo 64.4).

Photo 64.4

Sand mining operation at a distance of around 400m from Sg. Tuaran river mouth.

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

64.1.1.6

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-06

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

64-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

64.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
Excessive sand mining activities along Sg. Tuaran have concerned the stakeholders and it should
be controlled, in particular with regards to illegal sand mining.

64.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited except for small scale non permanent public recreational facilities or
amenities. River mouth improvement works to address navigational and upstream flooding
issues allowed, but subjected to detailed coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land
usage on the banks of river mouth may be revised following the construction of permanent
improvement work structures but only subject to state cabinet approval.

64.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 64.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 64.1

Feature

Issues associated with Importance of feature

feature

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

River and river Sand mining

mouth
Morphologically active
Small boat navigation

Sediment supply to near shore Local communities who utilize 1

sediment cell
the river mouth as a navigation
Serve as navigation route for route
small boats

Sand Spit

Maintain tidal flow between the

estuary and open coastal water
Tourist attraction
Sediment supply to adjacent
management units (MUC7-05 and
MUC7-07)

Mangroves

64.1.3

Features of MU C7-06 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Morphologically active

Tourists
Local communities
Properties along
Beach

2
Sabandar

Clearing for various Breeding ground for various Local fishing communities
3
development purposes marine species
Villagers settling along the
Not gazetted
Trap sediments from being estuaries
released into estuary water
Retain
and
recycle
nutrients/toxicants

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 64.2.
Table 64.2

Feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-06, Kuala Tuaran, in order of priority rank.

Rank

River and river 1.a

mouth

Sand Spit

64-4

Objectives

Strategies

Preserve current condition of Development prohibited at the river mouth

river mouth

1.b

Preserve
or
increase Ensure that the total allowed amount of sand to be extracted
sediment supply to prevent is limited by the overall annual sediment budget of the river
further coastal erosion
system
Monitor amount of sand being extracted

1.c

Improve accessibility and River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)
safety for boat navigation
to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

Allow for morphological Development prohibited at the sand spits (coastal and river
fluctuations at river sand mouth sides)
spits

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-06

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-06

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Mangroves

Conserve mangrove

Gazette as protected area under local plan or forestry

enactment if state land
Replenish degraded areas through replanting
Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

64-5

65

MU C7-07: Mimpian Jadi Resort

65.1

Description
This management unit covers the shoreline between Kuala Tuaran and Sulaman Estuary tidal
inlet of approximately 1.8km length.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-07

Figure 65.1

MU C7-07 overview map.

Photo 65.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Mimpian Jadi Resort and its adjacent southern beach (22nd August 2011).

65-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

65.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

65.1.1.1

Morphology
This stretch of sandy beach is presently stable, wide and of good sand quality. The beach south
of Mimpian Jadi Resort remains undeveloped and is seen accreting seaward. Located in between
two of the largest rivers in the cell, the shoreline within this MU is very much affected by the
dynamic conditions at Kuala Tuaran and Sulaman Estuary tidal inlet. This is shown through the
shoreline evolution from 1964 to 2011 which covered mixed accretion and erosion stages.
Sediments deposited onto the beach are mainly originated from these two rivers. Historical
satellite images within this period revealed an average erosion rate in the order of -1.6 m per
year (considering the erosion activity during the 1964 to 1970 period which was in the order of
-3 m per year). Thus, the shoreline within this MU is classified as eroding of Category 2 (NCES
1985).

65.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

65.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying along the MUs shoreline, as
shown in Photo 65.2.

Photo 65.2

Low lying beach forest backing the beach north of Mimpian Jadi Resort (5th November 2011).

Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
65.1.1.4

65-2

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is exceeding the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water Quality
Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) owing to suspended sediment plume, nutrients and faecal
coliform originating from Sg. Tuaran.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-07

65.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Mimpian Jadi Resort, a 3 star resort, is the only development performed in this MU, which has
adopted a sensible setback limit of more than 120m.

Photo 65.3

Mimpian Jadi Resort at its present state (5th November 2011).

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

65.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

No future development plans are proposed.

65.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No future development plans are proposed.

65.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism developments outside coastal forest buffer zones.
Within buffer zones, only allow for small scale developments of public recreation facilities or
amenities.

65.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 65.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 65.1

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-07

Features of MU C7-07 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Open coastline Mild coastline erosion

(Sandy beach)

Tourist attraction owing to its Tourists and

nice beach
industry

Mimpian
Resort

Attraction for international and Regional and local economies as 2

local tourists
well as tourists

Jadi None

local

Rank

tourism 1

65-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

65.1.3

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 65.2.
Table 65.2

Feature

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-07, Mimpian Jadi Resort, in order of priority
rank.

Rank

Open coastline 1.a

(Sandy beach)
1.b

Mimpian
Resort

65-4

Jadi 2

Objectives
Preserve
condition

Strategies
current

beach Ensure setback limit of minimum 140m from high water line
(HAT)

Maintain and promote as Promote low to medium density tourism development

tourism destination
Ensure developments comply with local authority plan and
guidelines requirements
Maintain aesthetic value and Maintain and improve current condition of resort to attract
amenities of resort
more visitors

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-07

66

MU C7-08: Sulaman Estuary

66.1

Description
This management unit (MU) extends from the tidal inlet of Sg. Sulaman to cover the entire
estuary (mangroves boundary) within the river.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-08

Figure 66.1

MU C7-08 overview map.

Photo 66.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sulaman Estuary and Sulaman Peninsula (22nd August 2011).

66-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

66.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

66.1.1.1

Morphology
The mouth/inlet of the Sulaman Estuary is highly morphological active with sediment deposited
forming two distinct sand bars at the river mouth which undergoes seasonal variations (see
Photo 66.1). Northern bank spit is accreting southwest for the time being, whereas southern
bank spit is accreting eastward into the river mouth, a consequence of littoral transport driven
by wave. Sg. Papat is the other smaller river flowing into the estuary inlet.
Sg. Sulaman discharges a significant amount of flow and sediments owing to its large catchment
zone. Within the estuary, few small bays are formed similar to those seen in MU C7-02c (Salut
Mengkabung Estuaries).

66.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection structures are built within the estuaries and inlet. Few wooden jetties are
found at Kg. Serusup and Kg. Panimbawan, utilized by villagers small boats.

66.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Mangrove forests occupy a large portion of the estuary which are dominated by the species of
Rhizophora apiculata, and are generally healthy, dense mangroves. The estuary is used
extensively by the local villagers for fishing, and some mangrove wood collection is carried out,
for firewood and fishing poles.

Photo 66.2

Mangrove fringe within Sulaman Estuary (image taken in 2004).

Marine Habitats

Sea grass beds dominated by Thalassia hemprichii are found extensively throughout the estuary.
This, together with the mangrove habitat, support an important fishing ground for the local
community. The locals also report eating the fruit of the sea grass during specific seasons.
66.1.1.4

66-2

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class E (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS). No major pollutants are found within near shore waters
or river mouth largely attributed by the largely undeveloped catchment zone of Sg. Sulaman.

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-08

66.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

There are a number of water villages around the fringes of the estuary. The largest is Kg.
Serusup, which lies along the inlet channel and is accessible by road. The village has actually
extended into the Class V mangrove forest reserve. A jetty at Serusop forms an important link to
villages within the estuary, the largest of which is Kg Penambawan, a Bajau / Malay community
of some several thousand people. This village is accessible via a narrow road from the Kota
Belud side.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Fish farm cages and ponds are also being developed along the river notably within its
downstream areas (3.0 to 5.0 km from estuary tidal inlet), see Photo 66.3. Oyster farming is also
reported to be carried out within the estuary.

Photo 66.3

66.1.1.6

Aquaculture cage farming at approximately 3.0 km from estuary tidal inlet (Satellite Image 2011).

Proposed Coastal Development

A resort and serviced apartment development has been proposed within the estuary at the time
of this report writing, known as Sulamanga Resorts, as mentioned within the Sabah
Development Corridor Entry Point Projects.
Part of this estuary is also included within the Coastal Tourism Development Cluster 1: Sulaman
Lemaas, which consists of new town centre, resorts, residential, golf course, lagoon and
mangrove park.

66.1.1.7

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-08

Conflicting Issues
Development of village areas has encroached into the landward fringes of the mangrove forest
reserve in many areas. Since 2005, mangroves behind Kg. Panimbawan water village (of
approximately 10 Ha) were cleared for housing development even though it is gazetted as forest
reserve.

66-3

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

66.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Development prohibited at tidal inlets and its associated sand spits. River mouth improvement
works to address navigational and upstream flooding issues allowed, but subjected to detailed
coastal hydraulic study and approval by DID. Land usage on the banks of river mouth may be
revised following the construction of permanent improvement work structures but only subject
to state cabinet approval. Within estuary, restrict to low or medium density tourism
developments as well as aquaculture (fish cage culture) which does not involve mangroves
clearing, building related to education or eco-tourism and mangrove walk ways.

66.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 66.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 66.1

66.1.3

Features of MU C7-08 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Feature

Issues associated with

feature

Estuary

Water quality issues

Potential reduction
tidal prism due
reclamation

Importance of feature

Supports marine habitats

in Fishing and aquaculture
to Navigation
Flushing of river mouth

Benefits provided by feature

Rank

Local fishing communities

Tourism/ tour operators

River and river Morphologically active

mouth

Sediment supply to nearshore Local communities who utilize 2

sediment cell
the river mouth as a navigation
Serve as navigation route for route
small boats

Sand Spit

Morphologically active

Maintain tidal flow between the Tourists

estuary and open coastal water Local communities
Tourist attraction
Mimpian Jadi Resort
Supply sediments to the
adjacent management unit
(MUC7-07 and MUC7-09)

Mangroves

Clearing for various Breeding ground for various Local fishing communities
4
development purposes
marine species
Villagers settling along the
Trap sediments from being estuaries
released into estuary water
Retain
and
recycle
nutrients/toxicants

Sea grass

Stressed
from
sediments/pollutants
discharged
from
aquaculture,
inland
development
and
industries

5
Marine habitats
Local fishing communities
Food source for certain marine
Researchers
species
Conservationists
Biodiversity

Aquaculture

Water quality issues as a Additional source of fish and Food industry of both local and 6
result of discharged prawn livestock for local and international level
effluent
export market
Job opportunities for nearby
communities

Water
villages/Villag
es
(Kg.
Serusup, Kg.
Surusup, Kg.
Panimbawan)

Water quality issues due Settlement

to release of untreated communities
sewage
Sanitation
and
cleanliness issues related
to waste disposal

for

local Villagers

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 66.2.

66-4

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-08

Table 66.2

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-08, Sulaman Estuary, in order of priority rank.

Feature

Rank

Objectives

Estuary

1.a

Maintain tidal prism

1.b

Preserve/improve
quality status

River and river 2.a

mouth

No reclamations allowed
water Carry out master plan study on effluent discharges from
future industrial development
Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for wastes
disposal

Preserve present condition of Development prohibited at the river mouth

river mouth

2.b

Improve
river
navigability
and
conveyance

Sand spit

Allow for
fluctuations

Mangroves

Conserve mangrove

Replenish degraded areas through replanting

Prohibit development within mangroves
Setback limit of 20 m from high water line (HAT)

Sea grass

Conserve sea grass

No direct impacts (clearing) of sea grass area allowed

EIA for any development in this or adjacent units must
demonstrate no impacts to sea grass including direct impacts
and reducing sediment and pollutant runoffs and discharges

Aquaculture

Preserve/improve
quality status

water Ensure that aquaculture activities do not impact water

quality within river system (carrying capacity study
required)
Ensure farms receive recommendations from Fishery
Department
Prescribe fulfillment of Good Aquaculture Practice (GAqP)
guidelines for existing and new farms
Monitor farm activities and water quality

Water
7.a
villages/Villag
es
(Kg.
Serusup, Kg. 7.b
Surusup, Kg.
Panimbawan)

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-08

Strategies

mouth River mouth improvement works (training and/or dredging)

flood to be carried out if necessary to resolve upstream flooding
and navigation issue, on the basis of detailed coastal
hydraulic study and approval by DID

morphological Development prohibited at the sand spits

Maintain villages sanitation Installation and maintenance of proper sewage treatment

and cleanliness
Provide sufficient solid waste disposal centres for villagers to
dispose their solid wastes
Maintain and improve village Improve existing amenities to enhance living quality of
areas
villagers

66-5

67

MU C7-09: Sulaman Peninsula

67.1

Description
This management unit (MU) covers the coastline of Sulaman Peninsula until Tg. Luok Pisok
headland in the northern end of the study area.

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-09

Figure 67.1

MU C7-09 overview map.

Photo 67.1

Oblique aerial photo view of Sulaman Peninsula (22nd August 2011).

67-1

Pelan Pengurusan Persisiran Pantai Bersepadu (ISMP)

bagi Pantai Barat Negeri Sabah (Papar-Tuaran)

67.1.1

Key Facts and Issues

67.1.1.1

Morphology
The sandy beach along the shoreline is narrow of width less than 40 m. Orientation of the
shoreline is in a bay shape partly due to the existence of Tg. Luok Pisok. Little to minor erosion
activities are observed along the beach, however a rate of -1.6 m per year (from year 2003 to
2011) has been identified from satellite imagery. Waves reaching the nearshore area are of
moderate to strong condition.
Coastline within this MU is classified as eroding of Class 3 (NCES 1985).

67.1.1.2

Coastal Structures / Protection

No coastal protection or structure is constructed along the shoreline.

67.1.1.3

Natural Environmental
Coastal Habitats

Terrestrial vegetation of moderate thickness level is occupying along the shoreline and is
gazetted as forest reserve of Class III category.
Marine Habitats

No valuable marine habitat is found populating within the near shore water.
67.1.1.4

Water Quality
Near shore water quality is classified within the standard of Class 2 (Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard, MWQCS) due to good water exchange provided by open coastline.
No major pollutants are found within near shore water.

67.1.1.5

Human Environment
Socio-Economics

Neither settlement nor development is implemented.

In addition, there is no road access to the peninsula and the only access would be by boat, from
Kg. Serusup within the Sulaman Estuary.
Fisheries and Aquaculture

Neither fishery nor aquaculture activities are performed.

67.1.1.6

Proposed Coastal Development

At the time of this report being written, this management unit is proposed to be included into
the Coastal Tourism Development Cluster 1: Sulaman Lemaas (under Sabah Development
Corridor Entry Point Projects). It includes construction of new town centre, resorts, residential,
golf course, lagoon and mangrove park.

67.1.1.7

Conflicting Issues
No conflicting issues arise based on the current condition.

67.1.1.8

Future Land Use

Low or medium density tourism development.

67-2

S1030-Vol-1b-Muc7-09

67.1.2

Features and Related Issues

Essential features found within the MU are identified and their related issues, importance and
benefits are listed as shown in Table 67.1. These features are then ranked such that the
management strategy will be based on the highest ranking objective.
Table 67.1

Feature

Features of MU C7-09 and their related issues, importance, benefits as well as ranking.

Issues associated with

feature

Importance of feature

Benefits provided by feature

Open coastline Remote

beach
only Tourist attraction owing to its Tourists and
(Sandy beach) accessible by boat from nice beach
industry
Kg. Serusup
Terrestrial
Vegetation

67.1.3

None

local

Rank

tourism 1

Buffer zone against coastline Aesthetic view and slowing 2

erosion
erosion process

Management Objectives and Strategies

Management strategies allocated for the MU are listed according to the top ranked objectives (in
order of priority) as outlined in Table 67.2.
Table 67.2

Feature

S1030-Vol-1B-MUC7-09

Management objectives and strategies allocated for MU C7-09, Sulaman Peninsula, in order of priority
rank.

Rank

Objectives

Strategies

Open coastline 1
(Sandy beach)

Preserve
condition

Terrestrial
Vegetation

Preserve forest as buffer zone Incorporate coastal vegetation belt

current

beach Ensure setback limit of minimum 140m from high water line
(HAT)

67-3