Chemistry 1010 Assignment 8 The Behavior of Gases

1. Pretend that you are a small Oxygen Molecule in a room. Describe based on the
kinetic theory of gases what it is like to be a gas molecule. (4 pts)
The kinetic molecular theory states that all matter is composed of tiny particles that are
in constant, random, straight-line motion.I am a little oxygen molecule in the room, I
keep bumping into all these other molecules and get bumped into a lot more when it is
hot. That is why I like cold temperatures- because I dont get bumped into as much, but
if we get too cold, we will turn into a liquid which I dont like too much!

2. Describe the characteristics of a solid. (2 pts)

Solids like to hold their shape, and much like that, the
atoms inside of a solid are not allowed to move around
too much. They are not easily compressible, and they
dont flow easily. Molecular motions is reduced to
vibrating in place.

3. Describe the characteristics of a Liquid. (2 pts)

Liquids flow and fill up any shape of container and maintain their volume. Liquids are not
easily compressible, and they do flow easily. Molecules in a liquid touch each other but are
not held in a pattern. The liquid structure has holes in it, which allow molecules to pass
each other and change positions in the structure.

4. Describe the characteristics of a gas. (2 pts)

A gas assumes the shape and volume of its container, is compressible (lots of free space
between particles), and flows easily. The molecules are completely separated from each
other and move around independently. Most of the volume of a gas is empty space. They
take volume and shape from their container

5. How is a pressure created in a closed container of gas? (3 pts)

The pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of a closed container is caused
by continual bombardment of the walls by molecules of the gas. In
other words, when gas particles hit the walls of their container they cause
pressure. The more particles that hit the walls, the higher the pressure. This
is why the pressure in a tire or balloon goes up when more air is pumped
in.

6. Explain what is meant by the fact that there is a relationship between the
temperature and the kinetic energy (motion) of a gas molecule. (4 pts)
The thermometer reflects the temperature of the surrounding because the molecules of material surrounding the
thermometer will collide with the tube and transfer heat during the process. When you measure the temperature of a
group of molecules, what you are actually measuring is their average kinetic energy.When a substance is heated, the
average kinetic energy of the molecules increases. The mass does not increase, it is the velocity that increases (the
book says by a factor of 1.4). Because the velocity is squared in the formula for kinetic energy, the average kinetic
energy is doubled when the absolute temperature is doubled. It is saying that when temperatures get cold, the kinetic
energy will slow down, but when it is 0 degrees Celcius outside, molecules still have kinetic energy (until 0 K when
molecular motion stops). So when it is 0 degrees celcius, your tires wont automatically flatten or the balloon wont
deflate at that temperature because the molecules are still moving at a rapid enough speed to support the balloon or
tire.

7. Explain how a barometer works and include a diagram of a barometer. (4 pts)

The tube has an open end and a closed end and is filled with mercury. The dish is filled 2/3 way with mercury. The open end
of the tube was covered by a finger before being submerged inverted into the dish of mercury so no air could get in the tube.
When it was in the dish and the finger was removed, the mercury in the tube fell to a height such that the difference between
the surface of the mercury in the dish and the top of the mercury column was 760 millimeters (which is the cake under
standard condition at sea level). It makes sense that the mercury stays in the tube because air molecules were pounding on
the surface of the mercury in the dish, but at the top of the tube the empty space is a vacuum with no air molecules that could
exert a balancing pressure. The weight of the mercury in the tube divided by the area of the opening in the tube is exactly
equal to the atmospheric pressure. It doesnt matter what diameter of tube is used because if it is doubled, then you just
double the volume and weight of mercury and the area over which the force is exerted meaning the pressure will be the same
no matter the size of tube. When the weather conditions change or if it is moved to a different altitude, the atmospheric
pressure changes, and the barometer will reflect that change.

(picture shown on next page)

8. Explain how a manometer works and include diagrams showing one in use. (4
pts)
Manometers were created to handle higher gas pressures so that large and dangerous barometers didnt
have to be created. They have been created to measure gas pressure in flasks. The two kinds of
manometers used are open-end manometers and closed-end manometers.
In the open-end manometers, the open-end of the tube allows atmospheric pressure to push down on
the top of the column of mercury. In order to properly read an open-end manometer, you must know
the actual air pressure in the room because atmospheric pressure is not always 760 mm of Hg.

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9. Convert 0.75 atm to mm of Hg. (2 pts)

570 mm of Hg

10. What is STP? (3 pts)

Standard Temperature and Pressure which is most commonly used when
performing calculations on gases such as gas density. It is also commonly
used when standard state conditions are applied to calculations.

11. A sample of gas has its temperature increased from 43 C to 47 C at constant

pressure. If its volume at 43 C was 500. mL, what is its volume at 47 C? (4 pts)
-547 mL/K

12. A gas is confined in a rigid container and exerts a pressure of 250. mm of Hg at a

temperature of 17 C. To what temperature must this gas be cooled in order for
its pressure to become 216 mm of Hg? Express this temperature in C. (4 pts)
-22 degrees C

13. A sample of gas has a volume of 500. mL at standard conditions. Find its volume
at 47 C and 800. torr. (3 pts)

14. A sample of gas has a volume of 100. L at 17 C and 800. torr. To what
temperature must the gas be cooled in order for its volume to become 50.0 L at
a pressure of 600. torr? (4 pts)
109 K

15. What volume will 2.00 moles of hydrogen gas occupy at 2.62 atm of pressure
and 300. C? (3 pts)
17 Liters

16. How many moles of gas are required to fill a volume of 8.00 liters at 2.00 atm
and 273 K? (3 pts)
90 g/mol