Methods:

Part 1: Carbohydrates
Investigation 1: Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
1.
2.
3.
4.

Before the experiment, potato suspension was prepared by crushing using the mortar.
Six test tubes were prepared.
In a test tube, 1ml of a 1% glucose solution was added.
Step 2 was repeated by adding 1ml of water, juice, soft drink, potato suspension and

soy milk to each of the other five test tubes.

5. 5ml of Benedicts solution was added to each six tubes.
6. These six tubes were incubated in the water bath for 3minutes.
7. The colour changes of the solution were observed and whether a precipitate has
formed was noted.
8. The results were recorded in a table.
Investigation 2: Starch
1.

2 ml of starch solution, water, juice, soft drink, potato suspension and soy milk were

2.
3.

added to 6 test tubes respectively.

To each tube, 5 drops of iodine reagent were added and mixed well.
The observations were recorded.

Investigation 3: Hydrolysis of Carbohydrates

a) Hydrolysis
1. 6 ml of sucrose solution and water were added to test tube 1 and 2 respectively.
2. 6ml of the samples that showed the negative result in Investigation 1 were added to
3.
4.
b)
5.

test 3 and 4.
3 ml of hydrochloric acid was added to each tube and mixed well.
These tubes were put in the boiling water for 5 minutes.
Benedicts test
After 5 minutes of incubation, l ml of each sample were transferred to new test tubes

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

respectively and added with 4ml of Benedicts solution.

The observations were recorded.
The remaining test tubes were continuing incubated for 10 minutes.
After 10 minutes, step 5 was repeated by transferring the solutions
The observations were recorded.
5 drops of iodine reagent were added to test tubes in step 8.
The observations were recorded.

Part 2: Proteins
1.
2.
3.

2 test tubes were prepared.

3 ml of 1% egg albumin and distilled water were added to each test tube respectively.
3 ml of concentrated potassium hydroxide were added to both test tubes and mixed

4.
5.

well.
1 ml of 0.5% copper sulphate were added to these two tubes.
The observations were recorded.

Part 3: Lipids
1.
2.
3.

6 small squares of brown papers were prepared.

The papers were labelled.
A tiny drop of vegetable oil, distilled water, juice, soft drink, potato suspension and

4.
5.
6.

milk were put onto the papers.

The drops were rubbed gently with different fingertips.
The spots were allowed to dry.
The observations were recorded.

Result:
Part 1(Investigation 1)
Before incubation

Negative
control

Juice

After

incubation
Positive
control

Soft
drink

Potato
Milk
suspension

Positive control
Soft drink
Potato suspension
Milk
Negative
control

Juice

Investigation 2

Soft drink
Potato
suspension

Juice

Negative
control

Milk

Positive
Investigation 3
control

After 5 minutes incubation

After 5 minutes incubation (tested with Benedicts test)

Positive
control

Negative
control

Milk

Potato suspension

Milk

Potato suspension

After 10 minutes incubation (test with iodine reagent)

Soy milk

Potato suspension

Potato
suspension

Part 2

Albumin solution
Distilled water

Potato suspension

Milk
Soft drink

Juice

Part 3

Distilled water
Soy Milk
Potato suspension

Vegetable oil

Juice

Soft drink

Table 1: Investigation 1
Samples

Before incubation

After incubation

colour Clear

Positive/Negative

Result
colour -

Positive control

Orange

Negative control

solution formed
solution formed
Clear blue colour Clear blue colour -

Juice

solution formed
solution formed
Orange
colour Clear blue colour Positive

Soft drink

solution formed
solution formed
Orange
colour Clear blue colour Positive

Soy milk

solution formed
solution formed
Yellow
colour Cloudy blue solution Negative

Potato suspension

solution formed
formed
Cloudy violet colour Cloudy blue solution Negative
formed

blue

formed

Table 2: Investigation 2
Samples

Colour After incubation

Positive/Negative Result

Positive control

Yellow colour solution formed

Negative control

Yellow colour solution formed

Juice

The colour remain unchanged

Negative

Soft drink

The colour remain unchanged

Negative

Soy milk

The colour remain unchanged

Negative

Potato suspension

Dark blue solution formed

Positive

Table 3: Investigation 3
Samples

Benedicts test

Iodine test

5minutes

10minutes

5minutes

10minutes

Soy Milk

minutes
Negativ

Negative

Negative

minutes
-

Potato

e
Negativ

Negative

Negative

Negativ

Positive

Negative

suspension

Table 4: Part 2
Samples

Colour changes

Biurets test

Egg Albumin

A violet colour solution formed

Distilled water

A blue colour solution formed.

Milk

A light purple solution formed

Positive

Soft drink

A brown colour solution formed Negative

Juice

A light orange solution formed

Potato

A dark violet colour solution Positive

Negative

formed

Table 5: Part 3
Samples
Vegetable oil
Distilled water
Juice
Soft drink
Soy milk
Potato suspension

Observations
Formation of big translucent spot
No spot
No spot
No spot
No spot
No spot