Literature Search & Writing Review Paper

Literature Search &
Writing Review
Paper
Nader Ale Ebrahim, PhD
Visiting Research Fellow
Research Support Unit
Centre for Research Services
Research Management & Innovation Complex
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
aleebrahim@um.edu.my
@aleebrahim
www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2414-2009
http://scholar.google.com/citations
14th April 2016
All of my presentations are available online at:

https://figshare.com/authors/Nader_Ale_Ebrahim/100797
Link to this presentation: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3175603.v1
Literature Search
&
Writing Review Paper
=====================================
Read more: Ale Ebrahim, N., Salehi, H., Embi, M. A., Habibi Tanha, F., Gholizadeh, H., Motahar, S. M., & Ordi, A. (2013). Effective
Strategies for Increasing Citation Frequency. International Education Studies, 6(11), 93-99. doi: 10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Abstract
Abstract: This presentation is a summary of the following presentations on
Conducting a Literature Search & Writing Review Paper:
Part 1: Systematic Review

https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1100235.v1
Part 2: Finding proper articles
Part 3: Writing Literature Review
Part 4: Paper submission & dissemination
Keywords: H-index, Improve citations, Research tools, Bibliometrics,

Research Visibility, Research Impact, Literature review, ISI journal
Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Outline
NO.
Topic
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Systematic review
Introduce research tools box
Evaluate a paper quality
H-index and g-index
Evaluate a journal quality
Indexing desktop search tool
The paraphrasing & editing tool
Reference management tool
Writing a literature review
Integrating arguments in paragraph
11
A structured abstract
12
Paper submission procedure
13
Author self check
14
Acceptance procedure
15
Target suitable journal
16
Promote your publication to get more citation

Nader Ale Ebrahim
What is a literature review

Nader Ale Ebrahim
What is a literature review
Justify your
research
Nader Ale Ebrahim
The literature review

In your literature review, you should:
clarify your understanding of the field

explain the rationale for your research
place your research within a broader context
evaluate the results of previous research
define key concepts and ideas
identify research in related areas that are
generalisable or transferable to your topic
identify relevant methodological issues.
UNE. 2009. The literature review [Online]. University of New England. Available:
http://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.php [Accessed 25 January 2010].

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Systematic Review 1/2

A systematic literature review is a means
of identifying, evaluating and interpreting
all available research relevant to a
particular research question, or topic area,
or phenomenon of interest. Individual
studies contributing to a systematic review
are called primary studies; a systematic
review is a form a secondary study.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Systematic Review 2/2

A systematic review is a literature review
focused on a research question that tries
to identify, appraise, select and synthesize
all high quality research evidence relevant
to that question.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_review
A Guide to Writing the Dissertation

Literature Review
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Reasons for Performing Systematic Reviews

To summarise the existing evidence concerning a
treatment or technology e.g. to summarise the empirical
evidence of the benefits and limitations of a specific agile
method.
To identify any gaps in current research in order to
suggest areas for further investigation.
To provide a framework/background in order to
appropriately position new research activities.
However, systematic reviews can also be undertaken to examine the
extent to which empirical evidence supports/contradicts theoretical
hypotheses, or even to assist the generation of new hypotheses
Nader Ale Ebrahim
The Systematic Review Process

Planning
the review
Systematic
review
Conducting
the review
Reporting
the review
Source: Adapted from Systematic Review

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Planning the review

1. Identification of the need for a
review
2. Development of a review
protocol. (The most important activity during
protocol is to formulate the research question.)

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Conducting the review

1. Identification of research
2. Selection of primary studies
3. Study quality assessment
4. Data extraction & monitoring
5. Data synthesis.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Reporting the review
Reporting the review

is a single stage
phase.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic

Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
From: Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The

PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA
Statement. PLoS Med 6(7): e1000097.
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097
For more information, visit www.prisma-statement.org.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Introduce research tools box

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Evaluate a paper quality

Critically Analyzing Information Sources
1- Initial Appraisal:
Author
Date of Publication
Edition or Revision
Publisher
Title of Journal (Distinguishing Scholarly Journals from other Periodicals)
2- Content Analysis:
Intended Audience
Objective Reasoning
Coverage
Writing Style
Evaluative Reviews
Nader Ale Ebrahim
h-index (Jorge E. Hirsch)

A scientist has index h if h of [his/her]
Np papers have at least h citations each,
and the other (Np h) papers have at most
h citations each.
H-index from a plot of decreasing citations for numbered papers

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Number of Citations
30
25
H-index Example
20
Jorge E. Hirsch
H-index
15
Scholar A
Scholar A
10
10
9
8
7
6
6
Scholar B
10
0
1
2
Article Number

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/librarian68/overview-of-citation-metrics
56 citations
h-index=6
Scholar B
27
12
5
4
4
2
2
56 citations
h-index=4
Source: Rousseau, Ronald. "New developments related to the Hirsch index." (2006).

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Publish or Perish
Publish or Perish is a free program that retrieves citations
from Google Scholar and allows users to calculate:
Total number of papers

Total number of citations
Average number of citations per paper
Average number of citations per author
Average number of papers per author
Average number of citations per year
Hirsch's h-index and related parameters
The contemporary h-index
The age-weighted citation rate
Two variations of individual h-indices
An analysis of the number of authors per paper
Source: http://guides.library.vu.edu.au/content.php?pid=251876&sid=2079929

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Evaluate a journal quality

Impact Factor
The most commonly used measure of
journal quality is Impact Factor. This is a
number which attempts to measure the
impact of a journal in terms of its influence
on the academic community. Impact
Factors are published by Thomson-ISI

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Impact Factor-Journal Ranking

Relative impact factors are often a better guide to the
importance of a journal than raw numbers. JCR allows you to
compare the impact factors of different journals in the same
subject area
The Economic History Review has an impact factor of 1.051.
At first glance, it would appear that this journal is relatively
unimportant. In fact, it is arguably the premier Englishlanguage journal in its field (its major competitor, the Journal
of Economic History Review, has an even lower impact factor:
a mere 0.529!). Far more illuminating is the journal's relatively
high impact factor compared to other journals in the history of
the social sciences. Economic History Review ranks first out
of 15 journals in the Thomson-ISI's list of journals in this subdiscipline.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Source: How to Write Great Papers From title to references From submission to acceptance (2012) By: Anthony Newman, Publisher, Elsevier, Amsterdam

Nader Ale Ebrahim
What are journal impact factors?

Impact factors are a measure of the "quality" of a journal - they identify
the most frequently cited journals in a field.
Impact factors can be used to:
identify journals in which to publish
identify journals relevant to your research
confirm the status of journals in which you have published
The Impact factor formula
The impact factor of a journal is based on the average number of times
that articles published in that journal in the two previous years (e.g.
2008 and 2009) were cited in the subsequent year (i.e. 2010). This is
calculated using the following formula:
=
Cites in 2010 to items published in 2008 and 2009
Number of items published in 2008 and 2009
If an impact factor is lower than 1.0 that means there were more articles
published in the journal than there were cites to those articles in any
given year.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Be aware that...
Many journals do not have an impact
factor (sources other than JCR need to be
consulted).
The impact factor cannot assess the
quality of individual articles.
Only research articles, technical notes and
reviews are citable items. Editorials,
letters, news items and meeting abstracts
are non-citable items.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Indexing desktop search tool
dtSearch
Google Desktop
Windows Search

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Search Request: Questionnaire design

Total files: 259
Total hits: 1,852
Front_Cover.PDF
Hits: 8
Location: D:\Nader\UM\UM\Useful articles\Other Information\Doctorate
SG\Methods\Front_Cover.PDF
Size: 242,702 Last modified: 7/9/2012
[Page 1 Paragraph 27]

a standard form on which facts, comments
and attitudes can be recorded, and facilitate data processing.
This new edition of Questionnaire Design explains the role of
questionnaires in market research,
and looks at different types of questionnaire and when and how they
Nader Ale Ebrahim
The paraphrasing & editing tool
WhiteSmoke Writer
Ginger Proofreader
Microsoft Word
Google Docs
Office Live
Adobe Acrobat Professional
DropBox

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Organize the references

(Reference management) tool
Writing a Tesis/Paper: Traditional way
Source: flickr/toennessen
Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Reference Management Tools

1. What is Reference Management Tool?
Reference Management Tools are software tools that can help you
organize your references and citation, create reference lists/ bibliographies,
collaborate with others online, and discover the latest research in your
subject areas.
2. General Features
Maintain huge number of references for your dissertations or research
projects
Manage, organize, cite and collaborate
Create and format references in various citation styles instantly
Import citations from databases, library catalogues, websites and more
Work on your references anytime, anywhere
Source: https://www.lib.polyu.edu.hk/research-support/tools/ref-management-tools
Nader Ale Ebrahim
EndNote
EndNote is an almost
indispensible tool for the
serious researcher. And best
of all, its free to all UM
postgraduates!

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Why use EndNote?

EndNote allows you to create your own
reference library. This library can be used
to store the bibliographical details relating
to the articles and books that you use.
When it comes time to write your thesis,
you can employ the library to insert
references into your text and produce your
bibliography. EndNote will save you
hundreds of hours over the course of your
research.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
With EndNote you can:

Access your research from anywhere. Online or off.
On your desktop, online, or iPad.
Search hundreds of online databases to find the
most cutting-edge research.
Save valuable time finding full-text articles and
reference updates, creating bibliographies, and
organizing your references.
Store your research and related files all in one place.
Add searchable keywords, notes and comments to
your PDFs.
Share your references and research with colleagues.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Writing a literature review

Writing your literature review takes time. You may need to
complete several drafts before your final copy. It is
important to have a good introduction that clearly tells
the reader what the literature will be about.
An introduction must tell the reader the following:
what you are going to cover in the review
the scope of your research
how the review ties in with your own research topic.
Source: https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/2_AssessmentTasks/assess_tuts/lit_review_LL/writing.html

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic

Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
From: Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses:
The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 6(7): e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097
For more information, visit www.prisma-statement.org.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Paper Structure
Title
Affiliation
Abstract
Keywords
Nomenclatures
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and Discussions
Conclusions
References
Nader Ale Ebrahim
We often write in the following order:

Figures and Tables
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Introduction
Abstract and Title
Source: How to Write a World Class Paper, From title to references, From submission to revision Forum Scientum Workshop ,2011-8-22
Presented By: Anthony P F Turner and Alice Tang Turner Editor-In-Chief and Managing Editor, Biosensors & Bioelectronics

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Introduction
This is a good example of an introduction because it has a
topic sentence which indicates what will be covered and
also tells the reader the specific focus of the literature
review in the concluding sentence.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Paragraphs
A paragraph is a group of connected sentences that develop a single
point, argument or idea. Paragraphs need to link to other
paragraphs so that the themes, arguments or ideas developed are
part of a coherent whole rather than separate bits.
A paragraph should include:
a main statement / idea that you are putting forward, ie topic
sentence
evidence from research to support / argue your idea, showing
where the writers agree and / or disagree
student analysis of the research literature where appropriate
summing up and linking to the next idea (paragraph).
In the literature review, you will need to show evidence of integrating

your readings into each paragraph and analysis of the readings
where necessary.
Source: https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/2_AssessmentTasks/assess_tuts/lit_review_LL/writing.html

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Integrating arguments in paragraphs

Integration of multiple sources
To develop an integrated argument from multiple sources, you need to
link your arguments together. The model below is a guide.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Integrating arguments in paragraphs

Integration of student analysis
It is important to integrate your analysis and interpretation of the literature in your
literature review. Read the following paragraph and see how the arguments have
been integrated into the paragraph along with student analysis. Analysis is not just
student opinion, it needs to be supported by the literature.

Source: https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/2_AssessmentTasks/assess_tuts/lit_review_LL/integration.html
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Verbs for referencing

To incorporate quotations / references into a literature
review, you can use a variety of verbs. These verbs are
often used with prepositions, eg that, by, on. It is poor
writing to use the same ones all the time, eg says that,
states that. Verbs also allow the writer to indicate the
degree to which they support the author of the research,
eg claims that versus argues that. The following verbs
(and prepositions) can be used to introduce references
into your literature review. Please note that they can be
used in different tenses.

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim
How to... write an abstract

What is an abstract?
A definition
An abstract is a succinct summary of a longer piece of work, usually academic
in nature, which is published in isolation from the main text and should
therefore stand on its own and be understandable without reference to the
longer piece. It should report the latter's essential facts, and should not
exaggerate or contain material that is not there.
Its purpose is to act as a reference tool (for example in a library abstracting
service), enabling the reader to decide whether or not to read the full text.
Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/write/abstracts.htm?part=1#2

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Abstract
Abstract should not exceed 300 words (without reference).
Abstract must include following sections:

Problem Statement: This section should include answers of the questions:
Why was research needed?.
What was the context of the work?.
Introduce the problem or provide background for what you will address.
Approach:
What did you do and how did you go about solving or making progress on the problem.
Describe the method of research, study, or analysis applied to the problem.
Results:
What results did you get?
State what you found and relate it to the problem.
Summarize the major results in numbers, avoid vague, hand waving results such as very
small or significant.
Conclusions/Recommendations:
What are the implications of your answer?
State the relevance, implications, or significance of the results or conclusions, to the
business.
Significance of work is often implied by the recommendations or implications for future
work.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
A Structured Abstract
Purpose of this paper
What are the reason(s) for writing the paper or the aims of the research?
How are the objectives achieved? Include the main method(s) used for the
research. What is the approach to the topic and what is the theoretical or
subject scope of the paper?
What was found in the course of the work? This will refer to analysis,
Findings
discussion, or results.
Research
If research is reported on in the paper this section must be completed and
limitations/implications (if should include suggestions for future research and any identified
applicable)
limitations in the research process.
What outcomes and implications for practice, applications and
Practical implications
consequences are identified? Not all papers will have practical implications
(if applicable)
but most will. What changes to practice should be made as a result of this
research/paper?
Design/methodology/
approach
Social Implications (if

applicable)
What is original/value of
paper
What will be the impact on society of this research? How will it influence
public attitudes? How will it influence (corporate) social responsibility or
environmental issues? How could it inform public or industry policy? How
might it affect quality of life?
What
is new in the paper? State the value of the paper and to whom.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Before submission, follow EASE

Guidelines for Authors and Translators,
freely available in many
languages at www.ease.org.uk/publicatio
ns/author-guidelines. Adherence should
increase the chances of acceptance of
submitted manuscripts.
Guidelines translations:
Arabic
Bangla
Bosnian
Chinese
Croatian
Czech
Estonian
French
Hungarian
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Persian
Polish
Portuguese-Brazilian
Romanian
Russian
Spanish
Turkish

Nader Ale Ebrahim
International Committee of Medical

Journal Editors

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Paper submission procedure
Source: http://rmimr.wordpress.com/category/quality-measures/citation-impact/

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Source: How to Write Great Papers. From title to references. From submission to acceptance. Presented by: Anthony Newman. Publisher,. Elsevier,
Amsterdam
Nader Ale Ebrahim
The following graphic illustrates the stages illustrates the process, together with
some statistics, for Emerald's journal International Journal of Service Industry
Management (kindly supplied by the editor, Robert Johnston).
Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/promote/review.htm

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Gholizadeh, Hossein, Noor Azuan Abu Osman, Arezoo Eshraghi, Sadeeq Ali, and Elham Sadat Yahyavi. "Satisfaction and problems experienced with transfemoral suspension systems: a comparison
between common suction socket and Seal-In liner." Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation (2012).

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Peer review process

flowchart
Source: http://www.elsevier.com/reviewers/reviewer-guidelines

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Acceptance Procedure
Editor-in-Chief tests the manuscript according to the several criteria
of subject scope, style, apparent technical validity, topical
importance, relationship to prior publication, conciseness,
appropriate references, and length. Papers that vary widely from the
prescribed archival style (those written as speeches, ill-defined
manuscripts, progress reports or news releases, or those strongly
flavoured with advertising) will not be considered for publication.
Associate Editor (Editor) evaluates the paper according to the
same criteria and, in most cases, has the paper sent to one or more
reviewers in the field (usually two) for confidential review. The
Associate Editor may, however, at his or her discretion, accept the
paper without review, reject it giving explicit reason, or request that
the author prepare it in a different format.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Example (Source: Industrial Management & Data Systems)

The reviewing process
Each paper is reviewed by the editor and, if it is judged suitable for the publication, it is then sent to
two referees for double blind peer review. Based on their recommendations, the Editor then
decides whether the paper should be accepted as is, revised or rejected. The Editor may,
however, vary this process in some circumstances.
Copyright
Articles submitted to the journal should not have been published before in their current or substantially
similar form, or be under consideration for publication with another journal. Please see Emerald's
originality guidelines for details. Use this in conjunction with the points below about references,
before submission i.e. always attribute clearly using either indented text or quote marks as well as
making use of the preferred Harvard style of formatting. Authors submitting articles for publication
warrant that the work is not an infringement of any existing copyright and will indemnify the
publisher against any breach of such warranty. For ease of dissemination and to ensure proper
policing of use, papers and contributions become the legal copyright of the publisher unless
otherwise agreed.
The editor may make use of iThenticate software for checking the originality of submissions received.
Please see our press release for further details.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Retraction Watch
Two cancer papers retracted because
authors are unable to guarantee the
accuracy of some of the figures
UK researcher who faked data gets
three months in jail
Retraction 12 appears for Alirio
Melendez, this one for plagiarism
Similarity score
The similarity score indicates how similar
this paper is to other papers, with values
ranging from 0 (no similarities) to 100
(completely the same). High scores, e.g.,
above 30, may indicate that parts of the
paper have been copied from elsewhere.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
What are the criteria by which the

paper will be judged?
Is the subject appropriate to the editorial aims and scope of the journal?
Originality: does the article say something original, does it add to the body of knowledge, etc.? If a case study, is
this its first use?
Research methodology: most journals are concerned about this, as would be expected for an academic publisher.
Is the research design, methodology, theoretical approach, critical review, etc. sound? Are the results well
presented, do they correlate to the theory, and have they been correctly interpreted? Is the analysis sufficiently
rigourous?
Is the paper set in the context of the wider literature, are there sufficient relevant citings, are these well referenced
and are other people's views credited?
Is the paper accurate, is any information missing or wrong?
Is the structure logical, is the sequence of the material appropriate, is there a good introduction and are the
summary and conclusions adequate?
Does the title of the article accurately reflect its content?
How useful would the article be to a practitioner, is it a useful example of "good practice"? Could the study be
replicated in other situations?
Is the material clearly presented, readable? Are graphs and tables used to good effect? Is the level of detail
appropriate? Is the use of terminology appropriate to the readership?
Is the perspective appropriate for an international audience?
Questions of format: are the abstract, keywords etc. appropriate?
Is it an appropriate length (note: many journals will stipulate length requirements in their author guidelines)?
Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/promote/review.htm
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Reviewer
Compatibility with the journal
topics
Scientific level
The clear answers to the
questions:
- What is the problem?
- What is done by other people?
- What the author did?
- What is new?
- What is the author
contribution?
Organization of the paper:

- problem statements,
- application area,
- research course,
- methods used,
- results,
- further research,
- interest in cooperation,
- acknowledgements,
- references
Language:
- spelling,
- style,
- grammar

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Example - Proofing Instructions

The proofreading stage is intended to catch any errors in the galley's spelling, grammar, and formatting. More substantial changes cannot be
made at this stage, unless discussed with the Section Editor. In Layout, click on VIEW PROOF to see the HTML, PDF and other available
file formats used in publishing this item.
For Spelling and Grammar Errors
Copy the problem word or groups of words and paste them into the Proofreading Corrections box with "CHANGE-TO" instructions to the
editor as follows...
1. CHANGE...
then the others
TO...
than the others
2. CHANGE...
Malinowsky
TO...
Malinowski
For Formatting Errors
Describe the location and nature of the problem in the Proofreading Corrections box after typing in the title "FORMATTING" as follows...
3. FORMATTING
The numbers in Table 3 are not aligned in the third column.
4. FORMATTING
The paragraph that begins "This last topic..." is not indented.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Author Self Check

Is the title of the paper well described clearly and shortly?
Is the abstract addressed the summary of the manuscript?
Are the keywords selected wisely?
Is the content of the paper treated original and innovating?
Is the methodology well discussed (clear and accurate)?
Are the paper structure and all figures well designed?
Are all tables and figures in the paper useful and commented in
the text?
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Author Self Check- Con.

Are the parameters, legends and units well described in the
figures and its axis?
Is the nomenclature in the paper well described in the equations
and the text?
Is the introduction of the paper dealt the relevant topics?
Are the experimental apparatus and procedure clearly described?
Are the conclusions supported by derived results of this work?
Are the references used latest and appropriate?
Is the standard language
used?
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Cover Letter Development

Highlight the importance of your research
and its interest to readers
Writes the cover letter for submission to your target journal:
Explains the novelty and significance of your research
Identifies why the research is important to the readers of the journal

Conforms to the guidelines of the target journal
Includes necessary acknowledgments, statements and declarations
Incorporates authors recommended reviewers
Source: http://www.edanzediting.com/services/cover_letter
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Cover letter
Research background,
Innovation and significance of the
research,
Latest publications
Relationship to prior publication

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Cover letter
Dear Professor Katsuhiko Ariga,
Good Day!
Enclosed is a paper, entitled " Small and Medium Enterprises; Virtual R&D (Research and Development) Teams and
New Product Development: A Literature Review." Please accept it as a candidate for publication in the Advanced
Science Letters Journal.
Below are our responses to your submission requirements.
1. Title and the central theme of the article.
Paper title: " Small and Medium Enterprises; Virtual R&D Teams and New Product Development: A Literature Review." This
study reviews the concepts of new product development and distributed teams in small and medium enterprises. It
proposes the state-of-the-art literature review in order to provide an overview on the structure and dynamics of R&D collaboration
in SMEs.
2. Why the material is important in its field and why the material should be published in the Advanced Science Letters
Journal?
The necessity of having an effective virtual team network is rapidly growing alongside the implementation of information technology.
Finding an appropriate virtual teams management has become increasingly important today's distributed environment. However,
the conventional centralized architecture, which routinely requests the information by face to face meeting, is not sufficient to
manage the growing requests for new product, especially in small and medium enterprises.
Recently, a new phenomenon that uses virtual teams to assist the distributed R&D teams has emerged. The virtual teams reduce timeto-market, distribute SMEs risk in new product development, and improve SMEs operational performance. Given today's virtual
teams demand over the SMEs, it is important for the Advanced Science Letters Journal readers to understand this new
phenomenon and its benefits. This study gives a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R&D teams
collected from the reputed publications. It is the first in the literature that reports the analysis of proceeding about the topic. We
strongly believe the contribution of this study warrant its publication in the Advanced Science Letters Journal.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Cover letter Con.

3. List of FIVE (5) potential referees
12345Finally, this paper is our (I, Prof. Zahari Taha and Associate Professor Dr. Shamsuddin Ahmed) original unpublished work and it has not
been submitted to any other journal for reviews.
Best Regards,
N. Ale Ebrahim
PhD Candidate
Department of Engineering Design & Manufacture
Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)
Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2414-2009

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Target suitable journal
Open-Access Journals
Image: iStockPhoto

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Special Issues

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Where should I submit my publication?
Springer Journal Selector eta

Journal Selector
Journal Selector is the industry's leading
database to all of the best peer-reviewed
biomedical journals.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Find the perfect journal for your

article

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Perfect Match: EndNotes latest feature matches

article drafts with publications

Nader Ale Ebrahim


Nader Ale Ebrahim


Nader Ale Ebrahim
Scholarly Open Access

Potential, possible, or
probable predatory scholarly
open-access publishers
By: Jeffrey Beall
Source: http://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/
Promote your publication to get

more citation
1-Use a unique name consistently

throughout academic careers
The preferred form of an author's name is
first name and last name; this form
reduces the likelihood of mistaken identity.
Use the same name for publication

throughout your career; that is, do not
use initials on one manuscript and your full name
on another one. Determining whether Juanita A.
Smith is the same person as J. A. Smith, J.
Smith, or A. Smith can be difficult, particularly
when citations span several years.
Nader Ale Ebrahim
2- Use a standardized institutional

affiliation and address
Source: https://becker.wustl.edu/impact-assessment/strategies

Nader Ale Ebrahim
3- Repeat key phrases in the

abstract while writing naturally
The abstract is the main place that a search engine will take the data from which
determine where your article should place in its results:
Including the keywords and key phrases in your abstract is one of the best ways to optimize your article on
search engines. It allows Google to assess your article for its relevance to certain search terms
After youve ensured you have chosen the best keywords and you have deployed them in
the right ways in your abstract and title, make sure you use them throughout your article:
consider using them in subheadings, within the titles of figures and tables, as well as in
the main body of the text. Search engines can also look at these places
Consider the first sentence of your abstract this is visible within the Google search
results, therefore your first sentence should get straight to the points and include strong
keywords. See the example below:
Source: http://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/authors/guides/promote/optimize1.htm?PHPSESSID=ric7dfpvo045ciuafbolminpc4
Nader Ale Ebrahim
4-Select a proper title

As an author, you can dramatically improve the
chances of your article being downloaded once
its online, before you even submit it!
There are three easy steps you can take to ensure
it enjoys high usage:
Choose a descriptive title
Use appropriate keywords
Write an informative abstract
Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/promote/optimize1.htm

Nader Ale Ebrahim
5-Select/Make a brand name

Make a unique phrase that reflects
author's research interest and use it
throughout academic life.
Add the name of study in the title of all
publications and use the same title/name
consistently.
Read more: Ale Ebrahim, N., Salehi, H., Embi, M. A., Habibi Tanha, F., Gholizadeh, H., Motahar, S. M., & Ordi, A. (2013).
Effective Strategies for Increasing Citation Frequency. International Education Studies, 6(11), 93-99. doi:
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
6- Assign keyword terms to the

manuscript
Selecting keywords lead to get more
citation.
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)

Nader Ale Ebrahim
7- Use more references

Nader Ale Ebrahim
8- Write a longer paper

Nader Ale Ebrahim
9- Write a review paper

Nader Ale Ebrahim
10-Present a working paper

Working papers are freely available before
and after the articles are published.
Researchers may upload their working
papers into open access repositories
including the personal websites or more
formal repositories such as arXiv and SSRN.
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
11-To be the best, cite the best

Published online 13 October 2010 | Nature | doi:10.1038/news.2010.539
News
To be the best, cite the best

Citation analysis picks out new truth in Newton's aphorism that science 'stands on the shoulders of giants'.
The mass of medium-level

research is less important for
inspiring influential
breakthroughs than the most
highly-cited papers, a citation
study argues.
Source: Corbyn, Z. (2010). To be the best, cite the best. Nature
539. doi: doi:10.1038/news.2010.539
Nader Ale Ebrahim
12-Self Citation
Self-citation refers to a paper being submitted to a specific
journal in which papers that have been published during
the previous 2 years in that same journal are cited in the
reference list. While self-citation of relevant papers is
legitimate, excessive self-citation can indicate a
manipulation.
Thomson Reuters resource known as Web of Science, the
company which now lists journal impact factors,
considers self-citation to be acceptable up to a rate of
20%, anything over that is considered suspect (Diana
Epstein, 2007).
Source: Diana Epstein, Impact factor manipulation, The Journal of the European Medical Writers
Association, Vol. 16, No. 3,Literature
2007 Search & Writing Review Paper 2016
Nader Ale Ebrahim
13-Co-authorship internationally
Citation analysis shows that papers
with international co-authors are cited
up to four times more often than
those without international coauthors.
Source: http://www.bath.ac.uk/library/services/eprints/improve-citations.pdf

Nader Ale Ebrahim
14- Publish papers with a Nobel

laureates
Some landmark papers of Nobel
laureates quite quickly give their
authors a sudden boost in citation
rate and this boost extends to the
author's earlier papers too, even if
they were in unrelated areas (Ball
2011).
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
15-Publish your article in one of the journals

everyone in your discipline reads
Choosing a journal that matches with

a researchers field of study is thus
very important because it makes it
more likely that the article receives
more citation. A journal which covers
a broad range of disciplines may be
the best.
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
16-Publish your work in a journal

with the highest number of indexing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
ABI/INFORM
Association of Business Schools' (ABI) Academic Journal Quality Guide (www.the-abs.org.uk)
Australian Business Deans' Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List
Australian Research Council ERA Ranked Journal List
Compendex
Computer Abstracts International Database
Current Contents / Engineering, Computing & Technology
Current Contents / Social & Behavioural Sciences
Emerald Management Reviews (EMR)
INSPEC Abstracts
International Abstracts in Operations Research
OR/MS Index and Annual Comprehensive Index
Science Citation Index
Social Science Citation Index
SCOPUS
Zentralblatt MATH
Source: Journal of the Operational Research Society

Nader Ale Ebrahim
17- Publish in an Open Access

(OA) journal
One key request of researchers across the world
is unrestricted access to research publications.
Open access gives a worldwide audience larger
than that of any subscription-based journal and
thus increases the visibility and impact of
published works. It also enhances indexing,
retrieval power and eliminates the need for
permissions to reproduce and distribute content.

Nader Ale Ebrahim
18-Publish in a journal with high

impact factor
The most effective strategy to increase
citation rates is publishing in a journal with
higher impact factor (Vanclay 2013).
Dhawan and Gupta (2005) studied 1101
papers and found that articles published in
high impact factor journals increase the
probability of getting cited.
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
19-Team-authored articles get cited

more
Wuchty et al. (2007) have used 19.9 million
papers over 50 years and demonstrated that
team-authored articles typically produce more
frequently cited research than individuals.
A recent study by Cotropia and Petherbridge
(2013) in law review articles which were published
within two decades also demonstrated that team
research is on average more frequently cited than
individual research.
Typically high cited articles are authored by a
large number of scientists (Aksnes 2003).
Nader Ale Ebrahim
20-Use a larger number of

callouts
A callout is a phrase or sentence from the
paper that is displayed in a different font,
somewhere in the paper.
Papers with a larger number of callouts be
likely to receive a higher number of citations
(Hamrick et al. 2010).
Generally, callouts are inserted by the editorial
staff to call attention to potentially interesting
aspects of a paper (Hamrick et al. 2010).
Nader Ale Ebrahim
21- Publish across disciplines

Publishing across disciplines has
been found to increase citation e.g.
chemistry, biological science and
physics (Ortega and Antell 2006).
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
22- Publish tutorials papers

Tutorial paper is a paper that organizes
and introduces work in the field.
A tutorial paper assumes its audience is
inexpert; it emphasizes the basic concepts
of the field and provides concrete
examples that embody these concepts
(ACM 2013).
Tutorials papers tend to have a higher
number of citations (Hamrick et al. 2010).
Nader Ale Ebrahim
23-Self-archive articles
Free online availability increases a paper's
impact (Lawrence 2001);
Freely accessible articles increase
citations by 50% or more (Harnad 2006).
Gargouri et al. (2010) have made a strong
and a declarative link between selfarchiving and increased citation
performance.
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
24-Keep your professional web pages

and published lists up to date
Literature
Search
& Writing
Review Paper
2016
Source: "Scientific Writing for
Impact
Factor
Journals
By:
Eric Lichtfouse
Nader Ale Ebrahim
25-Deposit paper in Open Access

repository
Size of OA citation advantage when found
(and where explicitly stated by discipline)
% increase in citations with

Open Access
Physics/astronomy
Mathematics
Biology
Electrical engineering
Computer science
Political science
Philosophy
Medicine
Communication studies (IT)
Agricultural sciences
Effect of Open Access (OA) to increase the level of citations (Swan 2010).
Nader Ale Ebrahim
170 to 580
35 to 91
-5 to 36
51
157
86
45
300 to 450
200
200 to 600
26-Join academic social networking

Increasing the availability of articles through social
networking sites broadens dissemination, increases use,
and enhances professional visibility.
Academica is an online social reference tool that allows
reference sharing among academics and researchers.
Alternatively, researchers may use Citeulike to share
their interests in research publications (Wong 2008).
Academica, Citeulike, ResearchGate and Linkedin are
just a few examples of knowledge sharing tools to make
others aware of research articles that may be of
relevance to authors and hence get cited.
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
27-Start blogging
Use blogs and podcasts to leverage ongoing researcher discussion on the
Internet (Taylor & Francis Group 2012a).
Web 2.0 tools such as wikis and blogs can
be created to inform, describe and link
peoples research interests and
publications (Wong 2008).
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
http://johnrturnerhptresource.blogspot.com/2013/06/new-article-acceptance-multiagent.html

Nader Ale Ebrahim
Why should you share links to your published work online?
According to Dr Melissa Terras

from the University College
London Centre for Digital
Humanities, If you tell people
about your research, they look
at it. Your research will get
looked at more than papers
which are not promoted via
social media (2012).

Nader Ale Ebrahim
28- Create an online CV

Online CV makes a link between the
list of published papers and open
access versions of relevant articles
(Sahu 2005). Online CV increases
researchers output visibility to the
academic community.
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
29-Contribute to Wikipedia

Nader Ale Ebrahim
30-Create a podcast describing the research project and

submit the podcast to YouTube or Vimeo
Research is not just text and figures.

Create a podcast describing the research
project and submit the podcast to YouTube
or Vimeo (Sarli and Holmes 2011).
Video is an increasingly important way for
researchers to communicate their results
(Sarli and Holmes 2011).
10.5539/ies.v6n11p93
Nader Ale Ebrahim
31-link your latest published article

to your email signature
A great way to spread researchers outputs
and get extra attention of email recipient is
to add a link to the latest publication. This
little section of contact information that
most people ignore, provides a good
platform for publication marketing.
Example:
==============================
Visiting Research Fellow
Centre of Research Services
http://ssrn.com/author=1379350
http://works.bepress.com/aleebrahim/

Nader Ale Ebrahim
32-Make your research easy to

find, especially for online searchers
Search engines estimate the content's relevancy
and popularity as measured by links to the
content from other websites. Most search
engines attempt to identify the topic of the piece
of content. To do this, some search engines still
use metadata tags (invisible to the user) to
assess relevant content, but most now scan a
page for keyword phrases, giving extra weight
to phrases in headings and to repeated phrases.
Source: http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/seo.asp

Nader Ale Ebrahim
33-Use all Enhancing Visibility

and Impact tools
2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim
My recent publications

Nader Ale Ebrahim
RESEARCH SUPPORT UNIT (RSU)

CENTRE FOR RESEARCH SERVICES
RESEARCH MANAGEMENT & INNOVATION COMPLEX (IPPP)
UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA
Questions?
E-mail: aleebrahim@um.edu.my
Twitter: @aleebrahim
=====================================
Nader Ale Ebrahim
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Akhavan, P., Ale Ebrahim, N., Fetrati, M. A., & Pezeshkan, A. (2016). Major trends in knowledge management research: a bibliometric study. Scientometrics 1-16.
doi:10.1007/s11192-016-1938-x
Shakiba, M., Ale Ebrahim, N., Danaee, M., Bakhtiyari, K., & Sundararajan, E. (2016). A Comprehensive Comparison of Educational Growth within Four Different Developing
Countries between 1990 and 2012. Revista de Gesto e Secretariado, 6(3), 152-174. doi:10.7769/gesec.v6i3.486
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2016). Kudos: Promoting the reach and impact of published research. Retrieved from Research Support Unit, Centre for Research Services, Institute of
Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP), University of Malaya: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3114625
Mller, A. M., Ansari, P., Ale Ebrahim, N., & Khoo, S. (2015). Physical Activity and Aging Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal Of Aging And Physical Activity In Press.
doi:10.1123/japa.2015-0188
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2015). Virtual R&D Teams: A New Model for Product Development. International Journal of Innovation, 3(2), 1-27. : http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v3i2.43
Rakhshandehroo, M., Yusof, M. J. M., Ale Ebrahim, N., Sharghi, A., & Arabi, R. (2015). 100 Most Cited Articles in Urban Green and Open Spaces: A Bibliometric Analysis.
Current World Environment, 10(2), 1-16. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.1509863 http://ssrn.com/abstract=2643922
Maghami, M., Navabi Asl, S., Rezadad, M. i., Ale Ebrahim, N., & Gomes, C. (2015). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Solar hydrogen Generation Literature From 2001 to
2014. Scientometrics 105(2), 759-771. : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1730-3
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2016). Publish online magazine to promote publications and research findings. Retrieved from Research Support Unit, Centre for Research Services, Institute
of Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP), University of Malaya: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.2069559.v1
Martn-Martn, A., Orduna-Malea, E., Aylln, J. M., & Lpez-Czar, E. D. (2016). The counting house, measuring those who count: Presence of Bibliometrics, Scientometrics,
Informetrics, Webometrics and Altmetrics in Google Scholar Citations, ResearcherID, ResearchGate, Mendeley, & Twitter. EC3 Reseach Group: Evaluacin de la Ciencia y de
la Comunicacin Cientfica Universidad de Granada and Universidad Politcnica de Valencia (Spain), In Progress,. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4814.4402
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2016). Selecting a brand name for your research interest. Retrieved from Research Support Unit, Centre for Research Services, Institute of Research
Management and Monitoring (IPPP), University of Malaya: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3153979.v1
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2016). Create a publication database for enhancing research visibility. Retrieved from Research Support Unit, Centre for Research Services, Institute of
Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP), University of Malaya: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3126010.v1
Robson, B. J., & Mousqus, A. (2016). Can we predict citation counts of environmental modelling papers? Fourteen bibliographic and categorical variables predict less than
30% of the variability in citation counts. Environmental Modelling and Software, 75, 94-104. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.10.007
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2015). A Digital Footprint for Your Publication by Using Twitter. University of Malaya Research Bulletin, 2(1), 35-36.
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2016). Research Tools: Enhancing visibility and impact of the research. Retrieved from Computer Lab, Level 2, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.2794237
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2016). Research Tools: Choosing the Right Journal for Your Research. Retrieved from Computer Lab, Level 2, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.2279485
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2016). Research Tools: Scientific Writing Tools for Writing Literature Review and a Paper. Retrieved from Computer Room, Level 4, Institute of Graduate
Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.2082625.v1
Ale Ebrahim, N. (2016). Research Tools: Literature Search and Scientific Source Comparison. Retrieved from Computer Room, Level 4, Institute of Graduate Studies,
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.2070115

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Literature Search &amp; Writing Review Paper

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Literature Search &amp; Writing Review Paper

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Literature Search &

All of my presentations are available online at:

Part 1: Systematic Review

Keywords: H-index, Improve citations, Research tools, Bibliometrics,

Paper submission procedure

Author self check

Target suitable journal

Promote your publication to get more citation

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

What is a literature review

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

What is a literature review

The literature review

clarify your understanding of the field

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Systematic Review 1/2

Systematic Review 2/2

A Guide to Writing the Dissertation

Reasons for Performing Systematic Reviews

The Systematic Review Process

Source: Adapted from Systematic Review

Planning the review

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Conducting the review

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Reporting the review

Reporting the review

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic

From: Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The

Introduce research tools box

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Evaluate a paper quality

h-index (Jorge E. Hirsch)

H-index from a plot of decreasing citations for numbered papers

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Total number of papers

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Evaluate a journal quality

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Impact Factor-Journal Ranking

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

What are journal impact factors?

Indexing desktop search tool

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Search Request: Questionnaire design

[Page 1 Paragraph 27]

The paraphrasing & editing tool

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Organize the references

Writing a Tesis/Paper: Traditional way

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Reference Management Tools

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Why use EndNote?

With EndNote you can:

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Writing a literature review

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper 2016

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper

Literature Search & Writing Review Paper