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IS : 11627 .. '1985'
Indian Standard
"CRITERIA F()R STR'U'er"URAL DESIGN O'F
ENERGY[)ISSll)i\'~rORS F'()R SPJ.LL~rJ-\ YS
J5i'
.'
@ Cop)"lght 1986
Gt . 7"..
November 1986
IS : 11527 - 1985
Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR STRUC'TURAL DESIGN OF
ENERGY DISSIPATORS FOR SPILLWAYS
Spillways Including Energy Dissipators Sectional Committee, DOC 54
Chairman
SHRI
J. F.
Representing
Irrigation Department, Government of Gujarat,
Gandhinagar
MISTRY
Members
SHRIR.K.AGOARWAL
PWD )
Chandigarh
DIRECIOR (
SHRI M. L. DAS
SHRI B. DASS
Orissa, Bhubaneshwar
Jrrigation & Waterways Directorate, Government
of West Bengal, Calcutta
SHIH R. M. KH"TSURIA (
DIRECTOR ( ("MDD-l )
KUMARI E. DIVATIA
( Contlnued on page 2 )
(~ Copyright 1986
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS : 11527 - 1985
( Continued from page 1 )
Representing
Consulting Engineering Services (India) Pvt Ltd.
New Delhi
Member'
SHRI
IC. K.
FRAMJI
DR JAGDISH NARAIN
SHRJ
S. P.
Alt.rnat. )
Institution of Engineers ( India), Calcutta
Bhakra Beas
Management Board, Nanaat
Township
JAIN
N. B. DESAI ( Alternate)
M. S. RAMA RAO
SHRI
REPRESENTATIVE
Secretary
K. K. SHARMA
Joint Director ( Civ Engg ), lSI
SHRI
V. N.
PSNDSB
AMENDMENT NO.1
SEPTEMBER 1988
TO
rv + tb
Substitute
'.{OT
) ] '.
( DOC 54)
Printed at New India Printinl Pre s Kbut;a. tndb
IS : 11527 .. 1985
Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF
.ENERGY DISSIPATORS FOR SPILLWAYS
o.
FOR E W 0 R D
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 20 November 1985, after the draft finalized by the Spillways Including
Energy Dissipators Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Council.
0.2 The design of downstream protection works or energy dissipators below
hydraulic structures occupies a vital place in the design and construction
dams, weirs and barrages. The problem of designing energy dissipators is
essentially of reducing high velocity flow to a velocity low enough to
minimize erosion of natural river bed. This reduction in velocity may be
accomplished by any, or a combination of the following, depending upon
the head, discharge intensity, tail water conditions and the type of bed rock
or the bed material:
a) Hydraulic jump type stilling basins:
I) Horizontal apron type; and
IS : 11527 - 1985 .
0.3 In India, hydraulic jump type stilling basins and bucket type energy
dissipators are generally used for dissipation of energy depending on condition of downstream tail water. Indian Standards have already been issued
for criteria for hydraulic design of these two types of energy dissipators as
under:
IS : 4997-1968
IS : 7365-1974
I. SCOPE
t.l This standard lays down criteria for structural design of various
components of hydraulic jump type stilling basins and bucket type energy
dissipators below spillways and outlet works founded on rock.
2. NOTATIONS
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following notations shall have the
meaning indicated against each and as shown in Fig. 1 :
AI.,
Anchor depth
Al t = Area of steel
a
b
=
=
Area of bar
Width of tooth
D1 = Depth of flow at the beginning of the jump measured perpendicular to the floor
Da
D 3 = D2
d
Effective depth
:::::
Ft
FbI
IS : 11527 - 1'85
dt
ROLLER
SOLID
BUCKET
dt
STILLING BASIN
FIG. 1
DEFINITION SKETCH
Fbi
==
Acceleration due to
gr~vity
Sb
CI
IS : 11S27 - 1985
Tw
tb =
tw
Ub = Uplift head = T w
V = Velocity of flow
W
+.
dt
Density of water
We = Density of concrete
Wr
Density of rock
bucket
= ~
P=
Angle between vertical and any radial line within exit angle
for bucket
~e -
ei =
<fat
3. TERMINOLOGY
3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.
3.1 Hydraulic Jump Type Stilliog Basin - A stilling basin in which energy
is dissipated by hydraulic jump principle.
3.4 Cbute Blocks - Blocks provided at the entrance of the stilling basin to
stabilize the formation of hydraulic jump, to increased effective depth, to
break up flow into a number of water jets, to create turbulence and to lift
the jets off the floor to reduce basin length.
IS : lt527 1985
3.5 Basin Blocks or Baffle Blocks - Obstructions set in the path of high
velocity water, such as piers, on the apron of an overflow dam, weir or drop
and to dissipate energy thereby preventing scour downstream to control
the position of hydraulic jump.
3.6 End Sill - A vertical, stepped sloped or dentated wall constructed at
the downstream end of a stilling basin. It may be rectangular, trapezoidal,
Hornsby, Schoklits, Smetana or Rehbock type.
3.7 -End Weir - Sharp or broad crested weir constructed at the end of
stilling basin floor to maintain adequate tail water level for all discharge.
3.8 Key Wall -- Small solid wall downstream of end weir penetrating in
foundation to prevent retrogression.
apron.
IS : 11527 1985
basin floorslab shall be designed for the stresses induced due to above
forces.
4.3 Floor Slab Anchorages - Following two extreme conditions may prevail
and critical of the two conditions shall be considered for design.
4.3.1 Casei - Stilling basin operating during spillway design flood as
shown in Fig. 2. Water surface over slab at hydraulic jump profile for
design discharge, that is spillway operating at MWL.
1--H
1 -T
-]i.
~----~-~
~,
t;
1
FIG. 2
CASB I
4.3.1 ClJSe II - Reservoir at FRL with gates closed when basin is empty
( see Fig. 3 ).
NOTB - Case I is normally critical and same is considered for basin ftoor design.
The design of anchors may also be checked for Case II.
1>. as
[0'5 ( D. x W + Ib X W ) - ( D1 X W
Q X Ft,
8
+We ;b )]
IS : 11527 - 1985
END WEIR
CONTRACTION
JOlt
LINE OF DRAINS
FIG.
3 CASB II
\J
1
It
Actual
. _---....---.
force
(.Pt ~ We!~__~_]
in each anchor
-~--X---db---x
Fb~
...
~---
-.-------
or
Actual stress in each anchor
'11: X d x Fbi
The greater of the two should be adopted as anchor depth. The value
for permissible bond stress will vary for different site conditions and proportion of grout. In absence of data assume following values for 1: 2
grout proportion.
IS : 11527 - 1985
where
Fbl
= 6 kg/em'
Fbi
db = diameter of bar.
d.
ROCK CONE
RESISTING
UPWARD FORCE
PROPORTION
FIG.
10
IS : 11527 - 1985
Total uplift pressure on plane 'ZZ' per unit areas shown in Fig. 4
W ( D3
+ L)
tb
Total uplift pressure per unit area == Weight of slab -t- weight of rock
W(
D'}. -1- tb
2
Therefore L ==
)
=:=.:
_!-l_'? W (!?~ ~
We X
tb )
(Wr
tb
Wr L
~_ We _~__!~ .
W)
4.4 Basin Floor Slab Thickness - The thickness of floor slab depends on
the foundation conditions and magnitude of uplift forces. A slab of about
600 mm thickness is the minimum recommended. Actual slab thickness
needed shall be determined by analysing hydrostatic uplift and differential
foundation movement.
4.4. t Floor Slab Reinforcement - In thick slabs on rock foundations
normally covered with tail water, structural reinforcement is not necessary
except possibly in the baffles. Uplift on a slab should be taken care of by
adequate anchors. The slab is divided into independent approximately
square panels by contraction joints parallel and perpendicular to channel or
basin centre line to avoid serious shrinkage and temperature cracking with
the use of nominal reinforcement which does not extend across the joints.
Size of panel should be large enough to resist destorting hydrodynamic
forces, at the same time the quantity of concrete in a panel may be manageable to be completed by available machinery in one single stretch. Panels
should be cast in alternate bays with construction joints.
4.4.2 The independent panels of slab are reinforced with small amount
of steel to prevent harmful cracking resulting from shrinkage and temperature stresses not relieved by contraction joints and on yielding foundations
to avoid possible cracking from differential settlement. Usually, a slab on
unyielding foundation is reinforced in the top face only because bond between the concrete and rock at the bottom is relied on to distribute shrinkage
cracks and to minimize bending stresses in the anchored slab for the
assumed uplift head. The minimum amount of reinforcement for independent
panels on unyielding rocks is 20 mm q, bars at 300 mm centre-to-centre
both ways. Additional reinforcement shall be provided for unfavourable
foundation condition or for high hydrostatic uplift pressure.
11
IS : 11527 .. 1985
from the joint) may be required to prevent the downstream side of a joint
from being raised above the upstream side as water at high velocity striking
such a projection would increase the hydrostatic pressure in the joint and
hence the uplift under the slab. The higher the velocity the more serious
will be the condition resulting from such relative movement. The keys also
increase resistance to possible movement and serve as seepage cutoffs down ..
stream from transverse drains. For details of key 7.2.3 of IS: 5186..1969*
may be referred.
FIG.
BASIN BLOCK.
12
IS : 11527 1985
Wb
==
=
2WA ( D 1
+ hV1 )
where
4.5.2.1 Negative pressure on the back face of the blocks will further
increase the total load. However, this may be neglected if above equation
is used. Baffle block is to be designed as cantilever as shown in Fig. 6.
FIG. 6
and 8.
M
a.t. j. d.
13
IS : 11527- 1985
LINKS ~20 mm (1300 c/c
CORNER
FIG.
FIG.
where
M = moment due to force P ( defined in 4.5.2 ),
==Px
all
hb
2'
d = depth of block.
NOTB
1 - The bame block is tied into the floor slab by reinforcing steel in It.
Non 2 - All reinforcing steel in a baffle block is placed minimum ISO mm trom
the exposed surface because of the possible erosive and cavitatio~ action of tho hiah
velocity currents.
14
IS : 11527 1985
4.6 Chute Blocks- Nominal reinforcement of about 20 mm '" at 300 etc
both ways may be provided on all exposed faces duly anchored in apron
concrete.
5. SPILLWAY BUCKET REINFORCEMENT
MAIN STEEL
-A
DISTRIBUTION
STEEL
CONTRACTION
JOINT
FOUNDATION
. TOE TRENCH
PROFILE
FIG.9
( 1 - cos '0)
.
FXR(I-cose.)
Moment of the horizcntal force about plane A-A, M:=; -----2-----
RI +<i~srne;---+--t~T
= a.,. j .a.
rr:
15
R -
Aet
effective cover
IS : 11527 19~
EFFECTIVE
OEPTH,d
FIXED
V CGS (cIJ+d~)
FIG.IO
DUB TO MOVING
WATBR
Minimum 16 mm",
CI
-W
C
A.,
= :,
[0'5
W~ -
We
(p
-.
r ffi ti drai
rovrsion 0 e e~ rve ramage
system for bucket 18 essential)
SID
Fa / Fe
~-
+ at )
I]
IS : 11527 - 1985
CONTRACTION
JOtNT
FOUNDATION
PROFilE
UPLIFT
FIG.
11
==
4-.J.._ .
n
IS : 11527 - 1985 .
IUCKET
12 ANCHOR
R [ 0-5 W ~- We -We X
+ W.L.
I _
6e + sin 8. )
WrL
A.
r;
t
L = ---------Wr-W
The above equation has been derived on the basis that no tension is
permissible in the foundation rock. However, in sound and hard rocks,
some tension can be allowed in rock to reduce anchor length.
18
IS : 11527 - .985
If ar is the permissible tension in rock, then it can be seen that the
above equation gets modified as
L
= _~~"-_ F t
Wr
-w
5.3.2 Check for B011d Length - Length of anchor bars obtained from
considerations of the preceding clause should be checked for bond failure
as explained in 4.3.4 and 4.3.5.. The anchors are grouted in holes drilled by
standard drill bits, In addition to bond between bar and grout, bond
between the grout and rock should also be checked which, in most cases, is
the weakest link.. The usual practice is to assume a bond strength of
4 kg/ems between the grout and rock contract surface.
6. SLOTTED ROLLER BUCKET STRUCTURAL PROVISION
6.1 General
6.1.1 Dimensions of the roller bucket can be worked out on the basis of
IS : 7365-1975*. Definition sketch is shown in Fig. I. For anchor
design S.3 will be applicable. Provision of effective drainage system below
the bucket is essential.
6.1.2 A vertical contraction joint perpendicular to the flow in the bucket
is proposed at the invert elevation of the bucket and another vertical joint
is given at junction of 8 and 16 aprons as shown in Fig. 20. Generally
one panel consists of two teeth, one full slot and two half slots with transverse joints in between panels as shown in Fig. 13. With modifications
different panel arrangements can also be adopted..
f)
6.1.3 Discharge/m
==
;.:7.:
Q/L rn 3/s/m
where
Q
L
4---i.---g-ff m/s;
6.2 Design of Reinforcement for Bucket Tooth - ( Figure 14 shows definition sketch of bucket tooth. )
6.2.1 Horizontal force on tooth above plane 'AB' is shown in Fig. 14.
F1
b (approx)
19
IS : 11527 1985
..
1l
= PI
where h
CQNTbRACTION
J tNT
u/s
~---
----.j..f
I
(ON,E PANEL)
FJo.13
PIG.
14
DBPlNITlQN
APRON
Two TEETH
20
IS : 11527 1985
As! )
where
d
= effective
NOTE
:::=
20 mm
f/J
16 mm rP at 300 mm cl.
F~
where
b1 V
Va -~
b, -
ba
and it acts at
~s
= Csst.j:d
B.M.
2
21
= size of 16 apron ).
2h'J
=
Al t
FIG.
15
MAIN STEEL ,~
A PRON (Clause 6-')
(Clause 6-!-)
16 APRON
liNK S
Itil
....
-...
...rn
IS : 11527 - 1985
where
d.
NOTE -
APPENDIX A
( Clause 6.5 )
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR SLOT1'ED ROLLER BUCKET
1) Exit angle 6e
45
5) Radius of bucket
=--:;
9-0 m
3) Discharge e at MWL
= 14 501 cumecs
14 501
237 ==
R_L. 40350 m
1) Junction of
8 and
= R.L. 404-37 m
16
R. L. 434-800 m
61-18Scumecs
Say q = 62 cumecs/m
according to 6.1.3.
V=V2gH
= V 2><-9;81
where H
W.q.V ( cos", g
23
cos 45") x b
apron
IS : 11527 - 1985
according to 6.2.1
h
were cos
..L
'f'
9 - ( 40437 - 403-5 )
:;..~_.
... ;
_ F -
_.
1 -
F1
:::--
------'9----
= 25-4
1 000 x 62 x 2478
9-81
x 0-1962 x 1-125
34 5681 kg
acting at a distance
h
='-=
1-765 m
from bottom.
( height of tooth)
h
2(6.2.1)
B.M. ~ F1 X
=:=
4-
30 506-35 kgm
Effective depth d
R -cover
.'. d = 152 em
Area of steel
All
==
B.M.
a.t- j.d-
( see 6.2.2 )
30 506-35 x 100
1 J50 x 084 X 152
2078 cn12
44 cms
Provide 12 rom '" bars at the rate of 250 mm clc below plane AB.
300 mm clc.
24
IS : 11527 1985
0
16 mm ~ at 300 mm elc.
t:
1'2
according to 6.4.
where
0838 x 2478
0450
46145 rnJs
.', F 2 = 8458 kg
B.M.
F2
h'J
-2
A Sl
==
I 3 In
13
-2-
5498 kg.m
= ~ . B.'1-___
(see 6.4 )
j.d 2
where d'A . -. ~ (h;? cos 16 - cover) = 125 - 0-1 = 115 m
Gst
.. A!at
Min
549 800
Tl50 X -084 X 115
Steel provided -
25
16 mm r/> at 300 mm
cie.
QuAN11TY
UNIT
SYMBOL
Lenpb
metre
Mass
kilogram
Time
second
ampere
kelvin
candela
mole
cd
mol
UNrr
SYMBOL
Electric current
Thermodynamic
temperature
Luminous Intensity
Amount of substance
Suppl. . .tarJ UDits
QUAN11TY
Plane angle
Solid angle
radian
rad
steradiaD
II"
Den,ed Uolts
QUANTrrY
Ulm
SYMBOL
Force
Energ)'
Power
newton
joule
watt
Flux
weber
Flux density
Frequency
Electric conductance
Electromotive force
tesla
hertz
siemena
volt
pascal
Pressure, 8tre81
DBPlNlnON
T
Hz
S
1 N
I
J
I
W
1 Wb
1
T
I Hz
S
1
V
Pa
==
1 u
1 V.s
1 WhIm
1 cis (8-')
1 A/V
1 W/A
Pa
CI!II
1 N/ml
W
Wb
11:II
1 kg.m/s-
=- 1 N.m
e=
==
C:::I
at
c:a
.: (8). I N D tAN
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