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Cadnangcaorathay 090317054951 Phpapp02
Cadnangcaorathay 090317054951 Phpapp02
Quy nh v bn v.
1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v
2. Cc khng gian trong CAD
3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
4. Mt s quy nh chung
4.1. Khung v t l bn v
4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space
2.1. Tao cc Viewport
2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport
2.3. T l trong tng Viewport
2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport
2.5. n hi n viewport
2.6. n hi n ng bao viewport
2.7. Scale LineType
2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport
3. Cc chu khi in nhiu t l trong m t bn v
II. iu khin in n.
1. Khai bo thit b in.
2. In ra file *.PLT
2. Chen m t xref vo bn v
3. M m t xref t bn v chnh
4. Hi u chnh xref t bn v chnh.
4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).
4.2. Thm, bo bt cc i tng khoi working set (L nh refset).
4.3. L nh refclose
4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.
5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.
5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hin phu thu c.
5.2. Xref v lp.
5.3. L nh Xbin.
5.4. Tham chiu vong.
5.5. Xn cc xref.
5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.
6. Qun l xref
6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.
6.2. Xref notification
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref.
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD
6. Tao cc mu kt ni.
7. Tao, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.
8. Quan st cc kt ni.
9. Tao mu nhn.
10.Tao nhn.
11.S dung query truy tm d liu
11.1. S dung Quick Query
11.2. S dung Range Query
11.3. S dung Range Query
11.4. S dung Link Select
III. Lm vic vi Raster Image
1. Tng quan
2. Chen nh (inserting images
3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)
4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images)
5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)
5.1. iu khin hin th
5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)
5.3. Image transparency
5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
2. Linking data
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
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II. To font ch
1. Tao font ch SHX.
2. Tao big font.
3. Tao big font t file m rng.
III. To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn loai dang ng.
2. Tao cc dang ng n gin.
2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
2.2. Tao linetype bng cch soan tho trc tip trong .LIN
IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape
1. Dang ng phc c cha i tng ch.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. File mu mt ct.
2. Tao mu mt ct n gin.
3. Tao cc mu mt ct phc tap.
VI. Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loai menu
1.2. Cc loai file menu
1.3. Ti, g bo mt menu
2. Ty bin mt menu
2.1. Cu truc mt file menu
2.2. Menu Macro
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
2.3.4. Chen v loai bo Pull-down menu trn menubar
2.4. Shortcut menu.
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
2.5.2. Tao cc AUX menu.
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
2.6. Image Tile menus
2.6.1. Section ca Image menu
2.6.2. M t muc chn ca menu hnh nh
2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh
2.6.4. Slide v th vi n slide.
2.7. Menu mn hnh.
2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.
2.8. Chui chu thch thanh trang thi.
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,
Filter :
Tao mt filter (n vo nut new filter)
Group Layer :
Tao tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi tao khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v.
Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th tao tng b lc layer khc
nhau.
Khi ta chen mt block hay chen mt xref vo th AutoCAD s t ng chen thm group
layer.
Layer States Manager
Ta c th xut cc nh dang layer ra file cha layer *.LAS
Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi phuc lai n bng cch import
lai cc thuc tnh c lu lai trong file *.LAS. Chu cc layer b xa i th s khng
khi phuc lai c.
Cc thuc tnh c khi phuc lai c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore.
(Frezen : qu kh ca freeze ng bng, Thaw : s tan bng )
Turn off layers not found in layer state : Tt tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file
*.LAS khi khi phuc lai thuc tnh.
3. Dimesion Style.
Command : DIMSTYLE
Override : Dng khi mun gn chng tam thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch
thc c chn.
Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 loai Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.
Hp thoai tao new :
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Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc
song song.
Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th hai.
M t trong hnh v di y :
Frame Dimension Line:
Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc.
Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging.
Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging.
M t trong hnh v di y.
Text Appearance:
Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng
text style trong [] bn cnh text style.
Text color : Mu ch
Fill color : mu nn ca ch.
Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.
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Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc lin
kt.
Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
4. Hatch.
Command : BHATCH
The Hatch
Type : C 3 mu mt ct :
Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file
ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American
National Standards Institute), ISO (International
Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined
Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT
User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo
khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.
Swatch (mu mt ct) : Hin h mu mt ct chn. Nu chn mu mt ct l Solid th
swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.
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Th Advanced
Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt ct nh m t trong hnh kem theo :
Object type (mu mt ct) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi hatch
s tr thnh dang polyline hoc Region..
Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bin bng pick point.
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5. Lnh LineType.
Command : Linetype
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Name : Ti a 255 k t.
Object.
Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit
Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun.
Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block.
Preview icon : Cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon.
Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i t
l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v.
Description :
Hyperlink :
6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block
nh ngha thuc tnh
Thuc tnh l thnh phn ca mt block c th l dong ch nh kem theo khi (block).
N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc dong nhc hin th khi chen block vi thuc tnh.
To thuc tnh cho khi.
Lnh Attdef (Define attributes) : Cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi
thc hin lnh Attdef hp thoai sau s hin ln :
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Ximang
ViNaComex
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iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh.
Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block tai bn v hin hnh. Bin
ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh ny s
khng c hin th ln. Vic tt s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng cn hit s
lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.
Command: attdisp
Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] <Normal>: of
Regenerating model.
Cp nht thay i.
Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc thuc
tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block.
V du khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha lai block. Dng lnh AttSync
update lai cc thuc tnh ca block.
Command: attsync
Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: ?
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Lnh -Attedit
Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] <Y>: N
Performing global editing of attribute values.
Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Enter block name specification <*>:
Enter attribute tag specification <*>:
Enter attribute value specification <*>:
Ximang
ViNaComex
Thep
Viet Uc
Ximang
ViNaComex
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Cat
ViNaComex
Thep
Viet Uc
Cat
ViNaComex
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25
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Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp thoai tao thuc
tnh cho block.
TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh.
Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh.
Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh.
Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh.
Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng.
Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang.
Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing dong ch thuc tnh.
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Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, dang ng, mu,.
Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh
LineType : ch nh dng ng.
Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh.
Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin hnh l
kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.
LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh.
Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh.
S dung lnh Battman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block. Khi
nh lnh Battman hp thoai Block Attribute Manager hin ln nh sau :
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Format file : chn cc nh dang format file AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh
by di y.
Select Object : chn cc block cn trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th hin
trong Number found.
Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra.
File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file).
Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi tn Tag ph hp vi tn trng c nh ngha
trong file mu. Lnh Attext nh trnh by trn cho ta 3 nh dang ca file mu (format
file).
Comma delimited file (CDF)
Space delimited file (SDF)
DXF Format Extract File (DXX)
CDF l nh dang trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt record.
Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t.
SDF l nh dang tao ra file cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi
trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no gia
cc trng cng nh cc chui k t.
DXX l nh dang tao nn tp hp con nh dang file trao i bn v ca AutoCAD
trong DXX l mt phn nho ca DXF. File DXX khng oi hoi file nh dang v n theo
nh dang ca DXF file.
Cu trc ca file mu thng tin thuc tnh.
File mu c trnh cha tt c cc thng tin lin quan n attribute, name, location,
ca block. Sau khi nh ngha file mu, AutoCAD s s dung tao ra cc file thng tin ca
block.
V du file mu di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block.
Field
Format
Explanation
BL: LEVEL
NWWW000
Mc block lng nhau
BL: NAME
CWWW000
Tn block
BL: X
NWWWPPP
Honh X im chen
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BL: Y
BL: Z
BL: NUMBER
BL: HANDLE
BL: LAYER
BL: ORIENT
BL: XSCALE
BL: YSCALE
BL: ZSCALE
BL: XEXTRUDE
BL: YEXTRUDE
BL: ZEXTRUDE
BL: SPACE
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWW000
CWWW000
CWWW000
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
CWWWPPP
Tung Y im chen
Cao Z im chen
Block counter
Block handle
Tn layer khi chen block
Gc quay ca block
T l phng theo truc X
T l phng theo truc Y
T l phng theo truc Z
Thnh phn X ca hng dn ra ca block.
Thnh phn Y dng trong v 3D
Thnh Phn Z
Chen mt khong trng vo v tr ny.
Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta con c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i kem ca block
(Attributes tag) nh v du sau :
Attribute tag
Hang
Soluong
Format
CWWWPPP
NWWW000
C004000
N008002
N008002
C002000
C012000
C006000
N008000
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Drawings
Select object : chn m t ho c nhiu block.
Current drawing : chn tt c cc thu c tnh ca tt c cc block c trong bn v.
Select drawing : chn bn v khc.
Drawing files : ng dn ca file cha block cn trch thng tin.
Include xrefs : bao gm cc thng tin thu c tnh ca cc tham kho ngoi.
Include nested blocks : bao gm cc thng tin ca cc block lng.
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Ghi lai cc thit l p va thao tc ln sau dng lai. File template c dang *.BLK
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2.5. n hi n viewport
n hin viewport phu thuc vo trang thi thng s On trong
th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca ca s
viewport.
2.6. n hi n ng bao viewport
n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, ban tao ra mt layer
mi cha ng bao ca viewport m ban mun n hin n. Sau
, vic n hin ng bao s phu thuc vo trang thi bt tt ca
layer cha ng bao.
2.7. Scale LineType
Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin h
thng Psltscale.
PsLtScale = 1 : t l dang ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport.
PsLtScale = 0 : t l dang ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho d
ban c phng in t l bao nhiu i chng na.
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Trong muc Page setupname l tn ca Page setup. Ban c th import Page setup t
cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi ban khai bo xong tt c cc
thng s bn di, ban n vo Command box Add thm mt Page setup vo trong bn
v ca ban.
Chn my in trong muc Printer/plot.
Chn kch kh giy Paper size.
Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty theo
muc ch s dung ca ngi in.
Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v.
Extents : vng in l c bn v.
Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v
Window : vng in l mt ca s m ban s nh ngha sau .
iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area)
Xem trc khi in trong muc Preview.
iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale.
iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong muc Drawing orientation.
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2. In ra file *.PLT
Ch cn tch vo nut
ng dn ca file *.plt.
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H p thoai Select reference file hi n ln. Ta chn file cn chen vo bn v chnh. Sau
kich Open, h p thoai External Reference hi n ln :
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Nut Tree View cho php ta nhn cu truc cy ca xref. Danh sch
c li t k theo bng ch ci. Cc xref lng c sp xp theo mc
lng (hnh cy).
Attach : chen m t xref vo bn v chnh. Khi n vo nut l nh ny th h p thoai
External Reference hi n ln (nh trnh by trn).
Deattach : hy bo xref c chn. Bn v s nhe i rt nhiu
Reload : c lai file xref. Thng s dung khi file xref va c s thay i
Unload : G bo xref c chn ra khoi bn v. Khc vi Deattach, Unload vn lu
lai ng dn ca file xref. Nu ta mun c lai file ny ch vi c n vo nut
Reload.
Bind : Quy nh s rng bu c ca xref vi bn v chnh. Bm vo hp thoai s hin
ln (trnh by sau)
Open : m file xref trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c th
thay i file xref, sau quay lai bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong hp
thoai Xref Manager) s thay i ca bn v xref.
Thay i file bng nut Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi lai ng dn
Khi bm vo nut Xbind ca hp thoai Xref Manager th hp thoai Bind Xrefs hin ln
nh sau (phn ny cng tng ng vi
vi c dng l nhXbind):
Bind : cc i tng ca bn v
xref s c ni tip vo bn v
chnh
Insert : cc i tng ca bn v
tham kho s khng l thnh phn
ca bn v chnh.
3. M m t xref t bn v chnh
Xopen
Xopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ring.
Command: Xopen
Select Xref:
Chn xref m ra ca s ring.
External Reference Open
Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich nut open.
4. Hi u chnh xref t bn v chnh.
T phin bn AutoCAD 2002 cho php ta sa file xref ngay trn bn v chnh sau
lu tr lai (Save back)
4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).
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Identify reference
Reference name : Chn tn xref cn sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng
nhau. Lu l mi ln ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1 nh hnh v)
cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng (drawing 1)
ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn xref sa.
Path : Hin th ng dn ca xref m ta chn.
Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn.
Prompt to select nested objects : kch hoat ch chn cc object trong file tham kho
m ban mun sa.
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Setting
Create unique layer, syle, and block names :
Nut ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt c
cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny.
Nu nut ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh bnh
thng.
Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th v
ta c th sa chung, sau khi ta ghi lai th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i theo, cc
thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta chen cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.
Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn v
chnh s b kha lai, chung ta khng th hiu chnh c chung.
Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa s
m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.
Command: shademode
Current mode: 2D wireframe
Enter option [2D wireframe/3D
wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] <2D wireframe>: 2D
4.2. Thm, bo bt cc i tng khoi working set (L nh refset).
Command: refset
Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...
Enter an option [Add/Remove] <Add>: a (chn them hay b bt bn i tng)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found
Select objects:
1 Added to working set
4.3. L nh refclose
Sau khi hi u chnh xong bn c th ghi lai hay khng ghi lai cc thay i bng
l nh Refclose.
Command: refclose
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5.3. L nh Xbin.
Ban cng c th s dung lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh phn cn thit t bn v
tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s giup ban c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp hp
thng nht cc thnh phn trong bn v hin hnh v xref.
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Enabled with copy : AutoCAD s tao ra file nhp (makes a temporary copy of the
externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) Xref s c ti
vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong mang h
thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny.
Disabled : ton b bn v xref s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo bn
v chnh.
Ban c th bt chc nng ny trc khi ban ti mt xref ch khng nht thit phi bt
ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic.
Ch mc khng gian (spatial index)
Ban lu mt ch muc cho bn
Ch mc lp.
6. Qun ly xref
6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.
6.2. Xref notification
Khi m t file xref b thay i n i dung.
Cad s thng bo cho ta bit nh sau : A
reference file has changed and may need
reloading. Khi ban c p nh t lai bn v th
thng bo trn s bin mt.
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
Ban cng c th s dung AutoCAD
Design Center qun l xref.
6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref.
Nu ban xc l p bin h thng XrefCTL l 1 (theo m c nh bin ny l 0). AutoCAD
s ghi lai tt c cc thao tc trn xref ca ban vo m t file m ACII. Ban c th c file bin
bn ny khc phuc cc vn truc tr c c th xy ra. Di y xin trnh by m t file bin
bn ca xref. Theo m c nh Autocad s t file bin bn vo cng th muc vi file xref v
tn n c dang xrefname.xlg.
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
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nh cu hnh m t d li u ngun.
Trnh by cc cc bc tao m t b d li u ngun trn OBDC. Gii thi u hai c s
d li u l Access v Excel.
nh cu hnh ngun d li u t trong AutoCAD.
Trnh by cc bc tao m t kt ni trong AutoCAD trn Slide.
Thc hi n l nh dbCONNECT.
Thc hi n connect trong AutoCAD, quan st cc d li u trong c s d li u.
Thit l p
truy c p
ngi dng v m t khu. Nu h thng yu cu
Thc hi n cc truy c p user v password nu data base yu cu.
Lm vi c vi Data view c cha bng d li u ca bn.
Trnh by cc tnh nng thm bt, sa i v c p nh t d liu kt ni.
Trnh by cc tnh nng view trong dataconnect.
Lin kt hng c s d li u vi i tng trong bn v CAD.
To nhan da trn d li u trong bng v nu mun.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
Nhp up chut vo Data sources (ODBC) trong Control Panel, hp thai ODBC Data
Source Aministrator hin ln. Ta c th tao mi, chnh sa cu hnh ca tng kt ni.
tao mi ta n nut Add, chnh sa ta chn c s d liu cn chnh sa, n nut
configure.
n nut add, ca s Create New Data source hin ln :
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9. To mu nhan.
Ta cng c th tao cc thng tin nh kem vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc thng tin
ny s bn dnh ly i tng trong bn v (hoc khng bm dnh ly i tng trong bn v
ty theo tnh nng m ta chn). Nu l gn dnh th khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt th
cc thng tin ny cng di chuyn theo. Ngi ta gi cc thng tin ny l cc nhn (Label).
tao c cc nhn (label), u tin ta phi tao c cc mu nhn (Label Template).
Sau y trnh by cc bc tao c mt mu nhn.
Chn t menu dbConnect-->Templates-->New Label Template.
Hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mu lin kt s dng lm mu nhn.
Click continue.
Hp thoi New Label Template. Nhp tn mu nhn trong hp vn bn New Label
Template Name. Nu bn c sn mt mu nhn, bn mun s dng n lm c s
cho mu nhn mi, chn t danh sch th xung Start with Template. Click
contine.
62
Gii thch :
64
65
Nhm ngoc n giup ban nhm cc nhm iu kin lai thnh mt nhm (nh cc php
ton logic thng thng).
Fields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn.
Show fields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn.
Sort by : trng s c ch nh sp xp.
11.3.
Ban c th s dung ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. Nut check s giup
ban kim tra cu php ca mnh
11.4.
S dng Link Select
Link select cho php tao tao ra mt tp chn s dung query.
Cc bc tao mt tp chn Link Select :
66
III.
1. Tng quan
Ban c th chen cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital photographs)
vo bn v. V bn cht, cc nh chen ny l tp hp cc im nh (Pixels), con cc i tng
(Object) trong AutoCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh chen s c kch thc ln v nng hn
cc i tng ca CAD. CAD cho php ban c th zoom, pan cng nh in n bn v cha
Images.
2. Chen nh (inserting images
chen nh, ta chn insertRaster image chn file v ng dn ti n.
67
68
69
70
71
72
ngha
phn
000
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
00A
00B
00C
00D
00E
76
77
Nu m 00C ch v m t cung tron th m 00D v lin tip cc cung tron. Theo sau m
00D l cc c p byte m t cung tron c v v kt thuc 00D bng m t c p byte (0,0).
V du :
00D,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0)
(0,5,0) m t m t ng thng c di bng 5 n v.
Ma 00E : M t font ch theo phng thng ng.
Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn sau.
II. To font ch
Hin nay AutoCAD cho php ta s dung 3 loai font ch. Font ch h thng (system
font), phong ch s dung shape (shape font) v big font.
Font h thng :
Cu tao : Gm cc vector bin, v gia c t bng thut ton fill
u im : system font ep hn cc font khc.
Nhc im : Do system font c nhng vng t nn nng hn cc font khc. Tc
ti sinh (render, pan, zoom) s rt chm.
Shape font :
Cu tao bi cc shape trong c m t trong file .SHP.
u im : V cc k t trong font u l cc shape nn c ti nhanh hn, tc
render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln.
Nhc im : Khng ep lm.
Big font
Cu tao :bi cc shape. Tuy nhin n c th l phn ni di ca cc shape font ni trn.
Shape font c cha ti a 255 k t con big font c th cha n 65535 k t.
1. To font ch SHX.
Font ch SHX c tao ra v s dung trong AutoCAD. Mi k t ca font l mt shape
c m t trong file shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t (t 0 n
255).
phn bit vi cc shape file khc, cc font ch phi c dong m t u tin nh sau :
*0,4,font-name
above,below,modes,0
Font-name : Tn font ch
Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline
Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
(v hnh minh ha vo y)
Tao mt v du minh ha font ch bao gm ch ABC. C th ly mt file font shape bt
k ri minh ha.
78
2. To big font.
Trong thc t, font ch ca mt vi ngn ng (ting Nht) cha hng nghn k t khng
phi l m ACII. bn v cha cnhiu font nh vt AutoCAD cung cp mt dang file
gi la big font file.
Big font file cng c miu t trong file .SHP v c dch thnh file .SHX. Dong u
tin ca big font c dang nh sau :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
nchars : s lng gn ung cc k t trong Big font ny. Nu sai s ln hn 10% th tc
truy xut s rt chm.
nrangs : s lng cc mim gi tr cha cc gi tr s dung lm m escape codes.
b1, e1, b2, e2,
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thuc ca min gi tr th nht
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thuc ca min gi tr th hai
V du .
3. To big font t file m rng.
Trong cc file kiu ch tng hnh chu , c nhiu khi c s dung lai nhiu ln nh
cc du trong ting vit (du s, huyn,). Cc khi ny c m t trong cc Subshape, c
th dng lai tao cc shape khc nhau.
Dong u tin ca cc big font file m rng tng t nh big font file bnh thng :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
Dong th hai s giup nhn bit l big font m rng :
*0,5,font-name
character-height,0,modes,character-width,0
Font name : Tn ca big font
Character-height, character-width : Chiu cao v chiu rng hnh ch nht c s m
t k t.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
Chu : m 00E (14) ch c tc dung khi gi tr modes bng 2.
Cc dong tip tho m t cc shape v dng m 007 chen cc subshape. Cc subshape
cng phi c m t nh c shape thng thng khc.
*Shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte,,007,0,primitive#,basepoint-x,basepoint-y,width,height,spectbyte,,0
Shapenumber : s nguyn 2 byte, dang thp luc phn, v do , phi c thm s 0
pha trc.
Defbytes : s lng cc bye m t (specbyte) cn thit m t shape (k c s 0 sau
cng). Gi tr shapenumber ca subshape (theo sau m 007) c tnh l 2 byte.
Shapename : Tn k t
Specbyte : byte m t
007,0 : 2 byte bt u oan chen subshape
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80
Create
Duong co ten la name
Chn tn file s tao mi hoc m
file .LIN c sn ghi ng lai
ng ny
Tn ng s hin trong hp
linetype manager
Nhp vo cc byte m t dang
ng
A,0.5,0.5,-0.25,0,-0.25
81
ngha
Gc quay tng i ca shape so vi ng
thng c v.
Gc quay tuyt i so vi truc OX ca h ta
WCS.
H s t l (ca shape c chen vi shape
c m t trong shape file).
di theo phng ng thng (X n v)
di theo phng vung gc vi ng
thng. (Y n v). (X,Y c th l s m)
82
V du :
Dng lnh load ti file ltypeshx.shx vo bn v, sau nh lnh Shape
chen shape c tn l bat v bn v. Hnh ca bat hin ln nh sau :
M file LT_Sample.LIN ra v nh them 3 linetype sau :
*BAT1LINE, --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5],-12.7
*BAT2LINE, --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5,R=0,X=-20.0],-12.7
*BAT3LiNE, --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,C:\sample\ltypeshp.shx,S=5,y=-6.0,r=90,X=-6],-12.7
Hnh dang cc linetype trn hin theo th t nh sau :
Chu : tn linetype khng nht thit phi vit hoa. Th t cc transform khng nht
thit phi c nh.
1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
Cu php m t i tng ch trong dang ng phc tap nh sau : (* chu trong
AutoCAD 2005, cu php tao dang ng c cha cc k t c khc so vi cc phin bn
trc, n yu cu nght ngheo hn cc phin bn trc).
["text",textstylename,scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset]
Text : chui k t c chen vo.
Style : Tn kiu ch m AutoCAD s ly nh dang cho text.
Scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset : Tng t nh trn cc thng s ca transform.
V du :
*HOT_WATER_SUPPLY1,---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---A,.5,-.2,["HW",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.2
Kt qu ta c dang ng nh sau :
Chu : Nu s=0 th text s ly theo font v c c ch (height) bng 1.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. File mu mt ct.
Mu m t ct c AutoCAD miu t trong file c phn m r ng .PAT. Ta c th s
dung cc m t ct c sn c m t trong cc file ACAD.PAT v ACADISO.PAT ho c t tao
cc mu ring lu lai trong file .PAT di nh dang ACII file. Chu , khc vi dang ng,
mi file dang m t ct ch cha c m t dang m t ct v tn file phi trng vi tn m t ct.
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84
3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp.
Mu m t ct phc tap c tao t nhiu h ng khc nhau (line family). Cc h
ng ny c m t trn m t dong vo tap thnh m t m t ct phc tap.
V du :
oan m t sau tao ra m t m t ct nh hnh v
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25
85
VI.Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loi menu
C tng cng c 10 loai menu
Cc menu (pulldown menu): l menu nh file, edit,
Cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu): l menu hin ln khi ta n phi chut ti v
tr trn bn v.
Cc thanh cng c (toolbar). Ci ny th ai cng bit ri.
Cc menu hnh nh (Image menu) : l menu hin ln nh khi ta vo mc
DrawSurfaces3d surfaces.
Cc menu mn hnh (Screen menu) : menu ny c hin ln khi ta vo Tools
optionDisplayWindow elementDisplay screen menu.
Cc menu thit b chut (Auxiliary menu) : menu ny l cc thit b chut nh ta
bm ctrl+chut tri, ctrl+chut phi.
Cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp (Button menu): y l menu phc v cho cc
thit b khc ca h thng nhp nh bt in t.
86
*.mnc
*.mnr
*.mnl
87
Quy c
Bt u
+: T
m thy
-- : Khng t
m thy
T
m *.mns
--
T
m *.mnc
--
T o ra file
*.mnc v *.mnr
da trn file *mns
T
m *.mnc
--
T
m *.mnu
--
Ti *.mnc
Bo li
Kt thc
[&File]
ID_New
ID_NewSheet
ID_Open
ID_OpenSheet
[&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
[Ne&w Sheet Set...]^c^c_newsheetset
[&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
[Op&en Sheet Set...]^c^c_opensheetset
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Section name
Nenu name
Menu ID v dong m t ca
menu s xut hin trn mn
hnh (nh file,edit,draw,)
Cc dong tip theo m t
cc muc chn (hay con gi l
cc menu thnh phn menu
item)
ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_close
2.2. Menu Macro
y l phn quan trong nht trong menu v tt c loai menu u c cha n.
Menu macro l mt chui cc k t cha tn lnh s c gi khi MenuItem c chn.
Th t ca cc tham s trong menu macro ging nh th t xut hin cc tham s ny tai
dong nhc lnh command ca AutoCAD.
Cc quy c dng trong menu macro.
Ky t
Space bar, du ;
Space bar
du \
Du +
Du *
^C
^P
^M
^B
^E
^G
^H
^O
^T
^Z
//
M t
Du enter trong AutoCAD
L khong trng khi ang nhp text
Tam dng user nhp s liu, c th l nhp mt im bng
kich chut hoc nhp mt gi tr
Dng khi dong m t qu di, Mun m t tip dong k tip ta
t du + cui dong
t u macro, sau ^C^C, s lp i lp lai lnh n khi ta n
ESC hoc chn Menu Item khc
Hy tt c cc lnh ang hoat ng (Escapse)
Tt tt c cc hin th ca macro trn mn hnh. (Bin h thng
MenuEcho thnh on,off).
K t ENTER (Ctrl+M)
Chuyn i (tt/m) cc ch hin th ta con tro (Ctrl+B)
Chuyn v tr si tc con tro trn mn hnh v mt trong 3 v tr
trong mt phng truc o (Ctrl+E)
Chuyn i ch hin th li (Ctrl+G)
Tng t nh phm BackSpace., dng xa k t trc noa ca
dong lnh command.
Chuyn i ch V vung gc (Ortho).
Chuyn i chc nng nhp t bng nhp tablet (Ctrl+T)
K t rng, t ng thm khong trng vo cui Menu Item.
Quy c bt u ca chui chu thch.
V d 1 :
ID_ArcStCeAn [S&tart, Center, Angle]^C^C_arc \_c \_a
Phn tch v du:
S&tart, Center, Angle : Hin th trn menu : Start, Center, Angle
^C^C : Hy tt c cc lnh trc n.
_arc : Bt u v mt cung tron, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng
khc nhau.
khong trng tng ng vi phm enter.
\ : tam dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_c : Chn option center, cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau.
\ : tam dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_a : Chn mt option angle, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc
nhau.
V d 2
ID_MoveRight [Move .1 Right]^C^Cselect \move previous ;.1,0 ;
Phn tch v du:
^C^C : Thot mi lnh ang s dung.
90
ID_New
[&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_Open
[&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
ID_DWG_CLOSE
[&Close]^C^C_close
[--]
ID_Save
[&Save\tCtrl+S]^C^C_qsave
ID_Saveas
[Save &As...\tCtrl+Shift+S]^C^C_saveas
ID_Export
[&Export...]^C^C_export
[--]
ID_Inan
[->Print]
ID_Preview
[/vPlot Preview]^C^C_preview
ID_PlotSetup [Pa&ge Setup Manager...]^C^C_pagesetup
ID_PlotMgr
[Plotter &Manager...]^C^C_plottermanager
ID_Print
[<-&Plot...\tCtrl+P]^C^C_plot
[--]
ID_MRU
[Drawing History]
[--]
ID_APP_EXIT
[E&xit\tCtrl+Q]^C^C_quit
Phn tch v d sau :
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho
[$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]^O
ID_Snap
[$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid
[$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
Ta c th lm m hay nh du chn cho cc menu Item, hoc ta cng c th ly cc
thng s trang thi ca tng menu Item bng cch s dung tham chiu thng qua cc hm
AutoLisp.
C hai loai tham chiu :
Tham chiu tng i
Tham chiu tuyt i.
Tham chiu tng i.
Tham chiu tng i l tham chiu s dung tn nhn ca menu item.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc muc ca pulldown menu.
Cu php :
gn trang thi cho menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=xxx)
ly thng s trang thi ca menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
yyy tn ca nhm menu
zzz nhn muc chn
xxx - trang thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !. (c nh u chn) (trang
thi bnh thng.
Tham chiu tuyt i
Tham chiu tuyt i l tham chiu d trn vic m s lng cc menu trn mn hnh.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc muc ca pulldown menu.
Cu php :
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93
ID_monew2
ID_hiennew2
ID_TTnew2
94
95
96
Toolbar
97
1.4. To mt Flyout
Khi mun tao mt nut lnh trong toolbar, ban chuyn n commands User Defined
button, User Defined Flyout. Ko r uer difined vo toolbar m ban cn thm mi nut lnh.
Sau bm vo nut Properties, hp thoai s hin ra nh sau :
98
Tao Toolbars bng cch dng lnh customise l n gin v thun tin nht. Tuy nhin
ban con c th tao ra bng cch soan tho trc tip trong file acad.mnu.
2. Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu
Cc base menu v partial menu u c th khai bo cc thanh cng cu trong section
***TOOLBARS ca mnh. Section ny chia lm nhiu oan **XXXX tng ng vi tn
thanh cng cu
Mi oan m t thanh cng cu bt u bng tn thanh cng cu ***XXXX. Sau l
cc dong nh sau :
Dong u tin m t tng qut v thanh cng cu.
Cc dong tip theo m t cc nut lnh trn thanh cng cu . C 3 loai nut lnh :
Button, Flyout v Control.
2.1. Dong m t tng qut thanh cng c
Cu php :
TAG[Toolbar (tbarname,orient, visible, x, y, rows)]
TAG : tn muc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Tbarname : tiu thanh cng cu. t trong du nhy chui
Orient : v tr mc nh ca thanh cng cuk. Cc gi tr c th gn cho muc ny l :
_Floating, _Top, _Bttm, _Left v _Right. (khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng).
Visible : mc nh xut hin trn mn hnh hay khng. Cc gi tr c th gn cho
muc ny l _show v _hide.(khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng)
X,y : v tr xut hin mc nh trn mn hnh, tnh t mp trn tri khng gian v.
Rows : s dong mc nh chua cc nut lnh
Chu : Cc c im ca thanh cng cu nh Orient, visible, x, y, rows s c lu lai
trong registry ca Window mi khi autocad ng lai. Ch khi no khng tm thy cc gi tr
trn registry, autocad mi s dung cc gi tr mc nh trong file menu.
V du :
**TB_Draw
ID TbDraw [toolbar (Draw),_left, Show,0,0,1]
2.2. Dong m t loi nt lnh Button
99
Cu php :
TAG [button (btnname, ID_Small, ID_Large)] macro
TAG : tn muc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Btnname : tiu nut lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm
ToolTip (dong ch chu thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tro c a n nm
tai v tr biu tng nut lnh trn thanh cng cu)
ID_Small : xc nh hnh nh nu lnh hin trn thanh cng cu. y l tn ca mt
trong cc biu tng nho (kch thc 16 x 15) tao sn ca AutoCAD (v du :
ICON_16_Line). Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t tao (kch thc 15x16) t trong cc
th muc mc nh ca AutoCAD.
ID_Large : xc nh hnh nh nu lnh hin trn thanh cng cu khi chn muc Large
buttons trn hp thoai Toolbats. y l tn ca mt trong cc biu tng ln (kch
thc 24 x 22) tao sn ca AutoCAD. Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t tao (kch thc
24 x 26) t trong cc th muc mc nh ca AutoCAD. Nu kch thc khng phi
l 24 x 22, AutoCAD s t iu chnh t l cho bng kch thc ny.
Macro : menu macro, c cu php tng t cu php ca cc menu khc trong phn
ny.
V du :
**TB_DRAW
ID_TbDraw [_Toolbar("Draw", _Left, _Show, 0, 0, 1)]
ID_Line
[_Button("Line", RCDATA_16_LINE, RCDATA_16_LINE)]^C^C_line
ID_Xline [_Button("Construction Line", RCDATA_16_XLINE, RCDATA_16_XLINE)]^C^C_xline
ID_Pline [_Button("Polyline", RCDATA_16_PLINE, RCDATA_16_PLINE)]^C^C_pline
ID_Polygon [_Button("Polygon", RCDATA_16_POLYGO, RCDATA_16_POLYGO)]^C^C_polygon
ID_Rectang [_Button("Rectangle", RCDATA_16_RECTAN, RCDATA_16_RECTAN)]^C^C_rectang
ID_Arc
[_Button("Arc", RCDATA_16_ARC3PT, RCDATA_16_ARC3PT)]^C^C_arc
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101