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Soil Mechanics PDF
Soil Mechanics PDF
K o = h v
The vertical al stress at any depth, z, is: v = q + z
Coefficient of earth p
pressure at rest,,
h = K o v + u
Poissons
Ko =
1 ratio
For coarse
coarse-grained
grained soils (Jaky
(Jaky, 1944)
K0 = 1 sin
For fine
fine-grained
grained, normally consolidated soils (Massarch
(Massarch, 1979)
PI (%)
K o = 0.44 + 0.42
100
OCR =
Pc
'o
Rankines Theory:
y Active Earth Pressure
Rankines Theory:
y Active Earth Pressure
1 sin ( )
2
Ka =
= tan 45
1 + sin ( )
2
Depth
D
th off
Tension Crack
2c
zc =
Ka
Rankines Theory:
y Passive Earth Pressure
Rankines Theory:
y Passive Earth Pressure
1 + sin ( )
2
Kp =
= tan 45 +
1 sin ( )
2
Rankines Theory:
y Special
p
Cases
h = K a v + u
Submergence:
v = v u
u = Pore Pressure
Inclined Backfill:
Ka =
1
Kp =
Ka
Thrust
w
PA
PA1
PA = W + PA1
PA
PA1
H1
PA1 is
calculated for
H1 height
10
c
2
2
cos
2
cos
sin
1
Ka =
1
2
2
cos
c
c 2
2
2
2
2
+
+
4
cos
cos
cos
4
cos
8
cos
cos
sin
c
2
2 cos + 2 cos sin
1
Kp =
1
2
cos 2
c
c 2
2
2
2
2
+
+
4
cos
cos
cos
4
cos
8
cos
cos
sin
z
z
11
Wall Friction:
Coulombs
theory
underestimates
Active EP
12
Wall Friction:
Coulombs
theory
overestimates
Passive EP
13
Coulombs Theory:
y Solutions
14
Culmanns Graphical
p
Method: Active EP
= Wall friction
C1
C3
C2
C4
B
E
E2
E4
E3
E1
D4
D3
D1
A
D2
'
=90--
15
Culmanns Graphical
p
Method: Passive EP
E1
= Wall ffriction
C1
C2
E2
C3
E E
3
C4
E4
'
A
Earth
Pressure
ne
Lin
D1
=90 +
=90-
D2
D
D3
D4
16
Wall movement
batter
:
b tt angle
l off wallll
kv W
kh W
H
PAE
= tan 1
AE
kh
( 1 kv )
and
( )
cos 2 ( )
K AE =
sin ( + ) sin ( )
cos cos cos ( + + ) 1 +
+
+
cos ( ) cos ( )
1
= H 2 ( 1 kv ) K AE
Assumed to be acting at H/2.
2
PAE
17
kv W
H
PPE
Failure surface
kh W
PE
= tan 1
kh
( 1 kv )
and
( + )
cos 2 ( + )
K PE =
sin ( + ) sin ( + )
cos cos cos ( + ) 1
cos ( ) cos ( )
1
PPE = H 2 ( 1 kv ) K PE
2
18