:

* , ;
a .
K-T-B .

(status): (. . .)
(constructus) ( , ).
Diptota () , . .
(G.) (A.).
.
Sg N.
G.
A.
Du N.
G.A.
Pl m N.
G.A.
Pl f N.
G.A.

-un (diptota -u); fem. -at-un

-at- sg du
-in (diptota -a)
-an (diptota -a)
-ni
-ayni
-na
-na
-t-un (c -t- -at-)
-t-in

*l-...-u

Status
constructus
-u

*l-...-i
*l-...-a
*l-...-ni
*l-...-ayni
*l-...-na
*l-...-na
*l-...-t-u
*l-...-t-i

-i
-a
-
-ay
-
-
-t-u
-t-i

. , . .
. , . .
sg ( . , ). . : KuTB-un, KiTB-un, aKTB-un, KuTB-n-un, KawTiB-u;
4- 1a23i4-u, 1a234-u. 25.

( )
3m
f
2m
f
1

huwa
hiya
anta
anti
an

Sg
-hu
-h
-ka ,
-ki ,
- / -ya ( ),
-n ( )

Du
hum
"
antum
"

Pl
-hum
"
-kum
"

hum(u)
hunna
antum(u)
antunna
nah&nu

-hum
-hunna
-kum
-kunna
-n

. 1. -hu, -hum, -hum, -hunna i, , y -hi,

-him, -him, -hinna. 2. - / -ya: - ( ), -ya . 3. humu, antumu *.
, ;
iyy + , . iyyya , iyyka , iyyhu .
( sg pl ). sg m
hd , f hdihi, pl huli; sg m dlika , f tilka, pl ulika. : man ,
m ( .); sg m al-lad (| ), f al-lat, pl m al-ladna, f
al-lt ( du N. m al-ladni, f al-latni, G.A. m al-ladayni, f al-latayni).
, ayyun , f ayyatun ( sg) ( .).
: 1 ah&ad-un ( wh&id-un), 2 iqn-ni, 3 qalq-un, 4 arba-un, 5 xams-un, 6 sitt-un,
7 sab-un, 8 qamn-in, 9 tis-un, 10 ar-un (f + -at-, . wh&idat-un, xamsat-un [ ah&ad-un
ih&d-]); 100 miat-un, 1000 alf-un. 11 ah&ada aara (f ih&d- arata), 12 iqn aara (f iqnat
arata). 1319, .: xamsata aara (f xamsa arata). 20 irna (pl, du!). 3090 .
, . 30 qalqna, 50 xamsna.

 1 2 ; 310 , Gpl,
(. f . m ,
). . 1199 Asg (sic); 100 Gsg.

KaTB-un, KaTaB-un
( KiTB-un, KuTB-un)
KaTB-un,
KaTB-un,
KaTB-un
KaTTB-un
ma-KTaB-un ( i ma-KTiB-un)
ma-KTaB-at-un
mi-KTaB-un mi-KTB-un
KiTB-at-un
KiTB-un
aKTaB-u (f KuTB)
aKTaB-u (f KaTB-u)
KuTayB-un

() ,

( )

katb-un ;
ayn-un
kabrun (KBR
); salmun (SLM
, )
fallh&un , (FLH&
)
maktabun

nomen loci abundantiae

(= +
)
()

maktabatun
mifth& (FTH& )
kitbatun
kitbun
akbaru (f kubr) V,
,
ah&maru (f h&amr-u) ;
ah&maqu (f h&amq-u)
kutaybun

:
-t-un ; , ; ;
--u (); -y-un | -, -; -y-at-un | -, -;
-n-un (. KuTB-n-un [ .])
(stirpes)
.
. , . ( ).
I
( )

KTB
kataba

II ; ;
+
III , -.

-.;

K TT B

IV ;
+

KT B

K aT B

kattaba
;
ktaba
-.;
qtala (QTL )
aktaba ,

. ()
VII *nK T B
inkataba
,

VIII *Kt T B
iktataba
V
taK TT B
takattaba

VI
taktaba taK aT B

;
talama
(LM )
X
*st KT B
istaktaba ()



(. u i, ) .

.
.
.
.
.
.

( , masbdar)

ya- ( ..),
II, III, IV yuyu- ( ..)
mumu

I
a a, a i, a u
ui
u, i, a

aa
ui
a i, V, VI a a

a
: KTiB-un
: ma-KTB-un
: a .
a a; a a . a i;

aa
ai
aa
i , V, VI a u;
II taKTB-un ( taKTiBat-un);
III KiTB-un ( mu-KTaBat-un)

. 1) IV -- u (. . yu-KTiB-u; . .
aKTiB). 2) taK- V VI u, tuK- (. tuKuTTiB-a).
I aa ( ,
, . kataba , xaragCa ); ai (. marid&a ), au
(. h&asuna ).
I aa u i (
a 2- , , h, h&); i a; au
u.
I , . kataba (u), gCalasa (i) ,
marid&a (a), h&asuna (u); , I (.. ).

3m
f
2m
f
1

.
.
.
-a
-
-
(. katab-a)
-at
-at
-na
-ta
-tum
-tum
-ti
-tum
-tunna
-tu
-n


.
.
.
ya-...-u
ya-...-ni
ya-...-na
(. ya-ktub-u)
ta-...-u
ta-...-ni
ya-...-na
ta-...-u
ta-...-ni
ta-...-na
ta-...-na
ta-...-ni
ta-...-na
a-...-u
na-...-u


. u, (. ).
-na, -ni -na, -na, -ni
:
( ): -u - (. ya-ktub-a).
( apocopatus): -u (. ya-ktub).
(.) ( 2- ) = ( -
, ;
., u-ktub ).
. (energicus I II), -a, -, - -anna, -inna, -unna (energ. I) -an, -in, -un (energ. II).
. perfect / imperfect (|
/ ). ,
qad (.) sa- (.) kna ( . ).
; .
(an, li-, kay).

 li- (li-yaktub ), l (l taktub

, ). lam +
(lam yaktub ).
impersonalis: , , ; .
kutiba , , .
.
, w, y , , 3-
2- ( . mediae geminatae).
( x/y : / )
1- : iw uy o iy; w y o y ( i u).
2- :
uw (+ C) o ; iy (+ C) o .
, , : awa o /u, aya o /i ( 3 sg f
-awat, -ayat o -at).
i, u: : awu o /u; ayi, awi o /i; i, u: uwi, iyi o /i;
( III, VI): wi, yi o i; wu, yu o u.
Verba mediae radicalis W, Y. : QWL ( kataba [u]), SYR
( kataba [i]), XWF ( katiba [a]).
( I, IV, VII, VIII, ): wu) o /u; w i ), yi )o
/i; wa), ya) o /a.
(sg 3 m, 1): qla, qultu ( qla, qiltu); sra, sirtu; xfa, xiftu.
(3 sg m, 3 pl f) . m, f: yaqlu, yaqulna, qul, ql; yasru, yasirna, sir, sr; yaxfu,
yaxafna, xaf, xf.
. .: qil-un, sir-un, xif-un. . .: maql-un, masr-un, maxf-un.
: IV aqla, aqaltu (. yuqlu, . aqil); VIII iqtla (. yaqtlu);
X istaqla (. yastaqlu).
woy: .VIII iqtiyl-un. wi, yi: .III yuqwilu, yusyiru.
Verba ultimae radicalis W, Y. ; ZW ( kataba [u]), RMY
( kataba [i]), NSY ( katiba [a]), RD&W ( ).
: . w, y ;
aw ay + o aw; aw ay + o ay; uw iy + o ; uw iy + o .
(sg 3 m, f, 1, pl 3 m): az, azat, azawtu, azaw; ram (NB ), ramat,
ramaytu, ramaw; nasiya, nasiyat, nastu, nas; rad&iya, radiyat,& rad&tu, rad&.
(sg 3 m, du 3 m, pl 3 m, f) . m, f: yaz, yazuwni, yazna, yazna, uzu,
uz; yarm, yarmiyni, yarmna, yarmna, yarmi, yarm; yans (NB ), yansayni,
yansawna, yansayna, insa, insay ( yard& etc.).
. .: z-in, rm-in, ns-in: .: mazw-un, marmy-un, mansy-un.
( ultimae Y;
., ., ., . ., . ., .): II azz, yuazz, azzi, muazz-in,
muazz-n, taziyat-un; IV az, yuz, azi, muz-in, muz-n, iz-un; V taazz, yataazz,
taazza, mutaazz-in, mutaazz-n, taazz-in; VII inaz, yanaz, inazi, munaz-in, munaz-n,
iniz-un ( VIII itaz .., istaz ..).
-in ( -iyun, -iwun, -uyun) -n ( -ayun [ .. ]):
Sg N.G
A.
Du N.
G.A.
Pl m N.
G.A.

.
zin, muzn
ziyan, muzn
ziyni, muzayni
ziyayni, muzayayni
zna, muzawna
zna, muzayna

.
al-z, al-muz
al-ziya, al-muz
al-ziyni, al-muzayni
al-ziyayni, al-muzayayni
al-zna, al-muzawna
al-zna, al-muzayna

Constructus
z, muz
ziya, muz
ziy, muzay
ziyay, muzayay
z, muzaw
z, muzay

Verba primae radicalis W, Y. : WLD ( kataba [i]), YSR

( ).
: 1) . I i primae W
1- (w) , . yalidu, . lid (
a). 2) primae Y u+y , , . IV ysiru.
3) VIII wt, yt o tt, . ittalada, ittasara.
( . verba hamzata). : KL ( kataba [u]), MR ( ), Xd ( ).
: 1) a (+), u (+) o , , . . 1 sg kalu, maru, xadu;
2) primae .; kul, mur, xud.
Verba mediae geminatae. : FRR ( kataba [i]), RDD (
kataba [u]).
: 1) KTaB-, KTiB-, KTuB- KaTB-, KiTB-, KuTB-, KTaB-, KTiB- KTuB- KaTB-,
KTaB-, KTiB- KTuB- KTB-, KuTiB- KuTB-; . farra, radda, yafirru, yaruddu
. , . farartu, radadtu, yafrirna, yardudna.
2) . I , . ifrir, urdud, -i -a, . firri ( firra),
ruddi ( rudda).

: bi- , with, by; f , , ; li- to ( .); min ,
.; an , , (); al , ; il , ; bayna ;
inda , , ; tah&ta ; bada ; qibla , ; ka- , .
, . li-lmaliki .
, . l , bad , minka , baynahum
. : minn, ann; -hi, -him, -him i, y (. bihi, fhim); la- li- (laka, lahu
..); alay-, ilay- al, il (. alayya, alayka, ilayhi).
: wa- ( , , ); fa- ( , , ); aw law ; lkinna , ; an
, , li- , kay , anna , lianna ; in , ill ,
nisi, id , id , ; h&att , , .
: l, m ( lam, lan, lamm) ; inna , ; a- (
); y ! (); sa- ( . . ); qad ( . . ); la(.; fa-, wa- -l-); ta- (, G.); wa-
(, G.).

. ( , ) .
VSO (verb subject object). : subject predicate, . almaliku karmun , the king is generous (NB ; NB ; , : malikun karmun almaliku -lkarmu ). ,
huwa , hiya , . malikun huwa karmun a king is generous.
. . sg f;
, .
, sg m.
, , ,
( , , ,
..).

 :
1) (.. , ) kna ,
laysa , zla ( ); . kna karman
;
2) , inna , lkinna , , an , , anna , lianna , kaanna
( . .); . inna -lmalika karmun ; qla anna -lmalika karmun
, ; amara an Zaydan yaktuba , ;
3) l . , ; -an -a (l ilha
ill -llhu );
4) ill , nisi , ill ;
5) (. al-asada! !);
6) y, G. ( ).
: gayrun (|,
), miqlun (|), kullun (), bad&un (), d (|, ; G. d, A. d). . gayru malikin , miqlu malikin , kullu -lmuslimna
, bad&u -lmuslimna , d mlin der des Reichtums, .
. (allad, man, m) , : arragCCulu -llad alimta-hu , (. , ), arragCCulni -lladn (N.,
A.!) alimta-hum , ; gCa bi-man daawta-hu ,
.
Allad , . arragCCulu -llad gCa
the man who came. :
ragCCulun gCa a man who came (NB
gCa ragCCulun a man came).