Two Way Slab - When the ratio of long span to short span is less than two.

Principal features:
1. Flat Soffit
2. Simple Formwork
3. Easy Construction

flat slab with drop panel and column head

Advantages:

Simple formwork
No beamssimplifying under-floor services outside the drops
Minimum structural depth
Usually does not require shear reinforcement at the columns.

Disadvantages:

Medium spans
Generally not suitable for supporting brittle (masonry) partitions
Drop panels may interfere with larger mechanical ducting
Vertical penetrations need to avoid area around columns
For reinforced flat slabs, deflection at the middle strip may be critical.

Designing the Slab:

1. Choose the layout and type of slab.
2. Choose slab thickness.
3. Choose design method
a. Equivalent Frame Method
b. Direct Design Method
4. Calculate positive and negative in the slab.
5. Determine distribution of moments.
6. Assign a portion of moment to beams.
7. Design reinforcement for moments.
8. Check shear strengths at columns.