PERCDC REFRESHER EST 1

1. Pink noise has:

A. Equal power per Hertz
B. Equal power per octave
C. Constant power
D. None of the above
2. The Miller Effect can be avoided
by:
A. Using a common-emitter
amplifier
B. Using a common-base amplifier
C. Increasing the Q of the tuned
circuit
D. It cannot be avoided
3. Indicate the true statement. Most
receivers conforms to the
A. Amplitude-modulated group
B. Frequency-modulated group
C. Superheterodyne group
D. Tuned radio frequency receiver
group
4. Indicate the false statement. The
need for modulation can best be
exemplified by the following.
A. Antenna lengths will be
approximately /4 long
B. An antenna in the standard
broadcast AM band is 16,000 ft
C. All sound is concentrated from
20 Hz to 20kHz
D. A message is composed of
unpredictable variations in
both amplitude and frequency
5. Space noise generally covers a
wide frequency spectrum, but the
strongest interference occurs
A. Between 8 MHz and 1.43 GHz
B. Below 20 MHz
C. Between 20 to 120 MHz
D. Above 1.5 GHz
6. Infrared frequencies range from
___ to ___:
A. 0.3 THz 300 THz
B. 0.3 PHz 3 PHz
C. 0.03 THz 3000 THz
D. 0.03 PHz 3000 PHz
7. At frequencies above ____,
atmospheric noise is relatively
insignificant
A. 30 Hz
B. 30 kHz
C. 30 MHz
D. 30 GHz

8. The ideal noise factor is

A. 0
B. 1
C. Infinity
D. A negative value
9. Determine the modulation index of
a standard FM broadcast having a
hypothetical maximum carrier
frequency deviation of +/-12 kHz
and a maximum modulating
frequency of 4 kHz.
A. 9
B. 6
C. 3
D. 4
10. One way to derive FM from PM is:
A. Integrate the modulating
signal before applying to the
PM oscillator
B. Integrate the signal out of
the PM oscillator
C. Differentiate the modulating
signal before applying to the
PM oscillator
D. Differentiate the signal out
of the PM oscillator
11. A pre-emphasis of 75 ms refers
to:
A. The time it takes for the
circuit to work
B. The dead time before deemphasis occurs
C. The time delay between the L
and R channels
D. The time-constant of the
filter circuits used
12. Practical transmitters are
usually designed to drive a load
impedance of:
A. 50 ohms resistive
B. 75 ohms resistive
C. 300 ohms resistive
D. 600 ohms resistive
13. What is the frequency of an
electromagnetic wave whose
maximum peaks are separated by a
distance of 8 in?
A. 1.4778 GHz
B. 37.5 MHz
C. 14.778 GHz
D. 3.75 MHz
14. Determine the equivalent noise
temperature of a receiver with a

noise figure of 4 dB at 300 K

environment temperature.
A. 900 K
B. 453.6 K
C. 635.4 K
D. 90 K
15. These are active filters made of
op-amps, capacitors, and
transistor switches.
A. Bandpass filters
B. Smoothing filter
C. Commutating filters
D. Audio filter
16. This is used to keep the receiver
audio tuned off until an RF
signal appears at the receiver
input.
A. Limiter
B. Squelch
C. Bleeder
D. Filter
17. It is the process of converting a
frequency or band of frequencies
to another location in the total
frequency spectrum.
A. Modulation
B. Frequency conversion
C. Frequency modulation
D. Heterodyning
18. The current of an AM transmitter
is 12 A when unmodulated but
increases to 13 A when modulated.
Calculate %m.
A. 59%
B. 95%
C. 46%
D. 64%
19. An RG-11/U foam coaxial cable has
a maximum voltage standing wave
of 52 V and a minimum voltage of
17 V. Find the value of a
resistive load in the given
situation.
A. 37.54 ohms
B. 24.59 ohms
C. 59.42 ohms
D. 73.45 ohms
20. A polar diagram or graph
representing field strengths or
power densities at various
angular positions relative to an
antenna.
A. Footprint
B. Absolute radiation pattern

C. Radiation pattern
D. Relative radiation pattern
21. Common mode rejection ratios for
common balanced transmission
lines.
A. 10 dB to 30 dB
B. 100 dB to 300 dB
C. 40 dB to 70 dB
D. 4 dB to 7 dB
22. Indicate the false statement. The
SWR on a transmission line is
infinity; the line is terminated
in
A. A short circuit
B. A complex impedance
C. An open circuit
D. A pure reactance
23. Indicate the true statement
below. The directional coupler is
A. A device used to connect a
transmitter to a directional
antenna
B. A coupling device for matching
impedance
C. A device used to measure
transmission line power
D. An SWR measuring instrument
24. The two basic specifications for
a receiver are:
A. The sensitivity and the
selectivity
B. The number of converters and
the number of Ifs
C. The spurious response and the
tracking
D. The signal and the noise
25. When comparing values for shape
factor:
A. A value of 1.414 dB is ideal
B. A value of 0.707 is ideal
C. A value of 1.0 is ideal
D. There is no ideal value
26. Compared to a 300-ohm line, the
loss of a 50-ohm cable carrying
the same power:
A. Would be less
B. Would be more
C. Would be the same
D. Cannot be compared
27. The typical antenna in an AM
radio is a:
A. Dipole
B. Folded dipole

C. Ferrite loop-stick
D. None of the above
28. The radiated beam from a
parabolic dish transmitting
antenna is:
A. Collimated
B. Phased
C. Dispersed
D. None of the above
29. A balanced format transmission
line used at low frequencies.
Applications include 4-wire
telephony and microphone
circuits.
A. Twisted pair
B. Twin lead
C. Coaxial cable
D. Star quad
30. Twisted pair was invented by:
A. Alexander Graham Bell
B. Oliver Heaviside
C. Joseph John J. J. Thomson
D. None of the above
31. A type of cable used in
electronics to carry alternating
current, designed to reduce the
skin effect and proximity effect
losses in conductors used at
frequencies up to about 1 MHz.
A. Feeder cable
B. Twisted pairs
C. Litz wire
D. Solid wire
32. CAT-3 cable must have at least
_____ turns per inch.
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
33. The characteristic impedance of
LMR-900 is
A. 75 ohms
B. 73 ohms
C. 53 ohms
D. 50 ohms
34. It is a coaxial cable constructed
using round copper, silver or
gold tubing or a combination of
such metals as a shield. It used
in broadcasting as well as many
other forms of radio
communication.
A. Leaky cable

B. Hard line
C. Triaxial cable
D. Biaxial cable
35. Determine the power saving in
percent when the carrier is
suppressed in an AM signal
modulated to 80%.
A. 75.8%
B. 80%
C. 66.7%
D. 100%
36. To couple a coaxial line to a
parallel-wire line, it is best to
use a
A. Slotted line
B. Balun
C. Directional coupler
D. Quarter-wave transformer
37. A phase-locked loop has a VCO
with a free-running frequency of
12 MHz. As the frequency of the
reference input is gradually
raised from zero, the loop locks
at 10 MHz and comes out again at
16 MHz. Find the lock range.
A. 16 kHz
B. 15 kHz
C. 4 kHz
D. 8MHz
38. A folded dipole has a typical
impedance equal to:
A. 73
B. 75
C. 50
D. 300
39. A shorted quarter-wave line at
the operating frequency acts like
a(n)
A. Series resonant circuit
B. Parallel resonant circuit
C. Capacitor
D. Inductor
40. Calculate the thickness of a
crystal in inches if its natural
frequency is 75 MHz.
A. 873 x 10^-9 in
B. 175 x 10^-9 in
C. 436 x 10^-9 in
D. 345 x 10^-9 in
41. Level or Category of UTP cable
which was developed for IEEE
802.5 token ring local area

networks operating at a
transmission rates of 4 Mbps:
A. Level 1 or Cat 1
B. Cat 3
C. Level 2 or Cat 2
D. Cat 4
42. A quarter wave vertical antenna
with drooping radials typically
has an impedance equal to:
A. 73
B. 75
C. 50
D. 300
43. A transducer that transmits or
receives electromagnetic waves.
A. Transmitting antenna
B. Receiving antenna
C. Parabolic dish
D. Aerial
44. The axis through the main lobe is
called the ___:
A. Secondary axis
B. Boresight axis
C. Minor axis
D. Line of nodes
45. A positive voltage pulse sent
down a transmission line
terminated with its
characteristic impedance:
A. Would reflect as a positive
pulse
B. Would reflect as a negative
pulse
C. Would reflect as a positive
pulse followed by a negative
pulse
D. Would not reflect at all
46. The attenuation of free space
is due to:
A. Losses in the characteristic
impedance of free space
B. Losses due to absorption in
the upper atmosphere
C. The decrease in energy per
square meter due to expansion
of the wavefront
D. The decrease in energy per
square meter due to absorption
of the wavefront
47. The first complete system of
wireless communications was
provided by:
A. Samuel Morse
B. Guglielmo Marconi

C. James Maxwell
D. Heinrich Hertz
48. It is defined as the difference
in decibels between the minimum
input level necessary to discern
the signal and the input level
that will overdrive the receiver
and produce distortion.
A. Dynamic range
B. Noise figure
C. Bandwidth efficiency
D. Bandwidth improvement
49. Which of the following is the
simplest form of tuned-circuit
frequency discriminator?
A. Foster-Seeley discriminator
B. Ratio detector
C. Slope detector
D. PLL detector
50. For a low-power transistor
modulator with a modulation
coefficient of 0.4, a quiescent
voltage gain of 80, and input
carrier amplitude of 0.002V, what
is maximum and minimum voltage
gains?
A. 112 and 48
B. 110 and 46
C. 100 and 40
D. 115 and 51
51. Calculate the amount of frequency
deviation caused by a limited
noise spike that still causes an
undesired phase shift of 40
degrees when the input frequency
is 15 kHz.
A. 12.40 kHz
B. 10.47 kHz
C. 13.29 kHz
D. 14.45 kHz
52. Which of the following is not a
typical characteristic impedance
of a coaxial cable?
A. 50 ohms
B. 52 ohms
C. 45 ohms
D. 93 ohms
53. What is emission F3F?
A. Facsimile
B. RTTY
C. Modulated CW
D. Television

54. An AM signal has the following

characteristics: the carrier
frequency is 150 MHz, the
modulating signal frequency is 3
kHz, the carrier voltage is 60
volts, where the modulating
signal (Em) is 30 volts. Find the
peak voltage of the upper side
frequency
A. 10 V
B. 15 V
C. 30 V
D. 7.5 V
55. Which of the following is not a
basic field of FM?
A. Broadcast
B. TV Video
C. Mobile Communication
D. Amateur Radio
56. In FM Broadcasting, what is the
lowest required modulating
frequency?
A. 50 Hz
B. 30 Hz
C. 10 Hz
D. 5 Hz
57. For a given length of RG 8A/U
coaxial cable with a distributed
capacitance of 96.6 pF/m and a
relative dielectric constant of
2.6, determine the velocity
factor.
A. 0.91
B. 0.69
C. 0.62
D. 0.71

60. Calculate the required Q for a 3

MHz carrier with sideband
separation of 50 Hz and 40-dB
sideband suppression.
A. 250000
B. 120000
C. 125000
D. 150000
61. ___ are types of noise generated
by equipments that produces
sparks.
A. Equipment noise
B. Atmospheric noise
C. Space noise
D. Internal noise
62. The radio wavelength known as
____ falls within the medium
frequency range.
A. Centimetric
B. Decametric
C. Hectometric
D. Myriametric
63. When the power ratio of input to
output is 1/100, the loss of the
circuit, in dB, is
A. 20
B. -20
C. 10
D. 3
64. Calculate the EIRP in dBW for a
55 W transmitter into a dipole
with 85% efficiency.
A. 16.65 dBW
B. 13.38 dBW
C. 16.83 dBW
D. 18.84 dBW

58. If a 500-kHz transmitter of a

constant power produces a field
strength of 100uV/m at a distance
of 100 mi from the transmitter,
what would be the theoretical
field strength at a distance of
50 mi from the transmitter?
A. 25 uV/m
B. 200 uV/m
C. 50 uV/m
D. 400 uV/m

65. A transistor RF power amplifier

operating class C is designed to
produce 50 W output with supply
voltage of 90V. If the efficiency
is 70%, what is the average
collector current?
A. 793 mA
B. 952 mA
C. 476 mA
D. 342 mA

59. Fixed-frequency or channel

operation of a transmitter is
obtained by using a ____.
A. LC Oscillator
B. RC Oscillator
C. Crystal Oscillator
D. Synthesizer

66. R3E modulation is sometimes used

to
A. Allow the receiver to have a
frequency synthesizer
B. Simplify the frequency
stability problem in reception
C. Reduce the power that must be
transmitted

D. Reduce the bandwidth required

for transmission
67. A transmission line of unknown
impedance is terminated with two
different resistances, and the
SWR is measured each time. With a
75-ohm termination, the SWR
measures 1.5, and with a 300-ohm
termination, it measures 2.65.
What is the impedance of the
line?
A. 50 ohms
B. 36 ohms
C. 113 ohms
D. 800 ohms
68. Indicate in which time one of the
following only one sideband is
transmitted:
A. H3E
B. A3E
C. B8E
D. C3F
69. It is an analog method of
combining two or more analog
sources that originally occupied
the same frequency band in such a
manner that the channels do not
interfere with each other.
A. ATM
B. FDM
C. TDM
D. WDM
70. The difference between the IF and
the BFO frequencies is called
___.
A. Information signal
B. Beat frequency
C. Carrier signal
D. Heterodyned signal
71. A balanced modulator is sometimes
called ___.
A. Balance ring modulator
B. Balance resistor modulator
C. Balance lattice modulator
D. Any of these
72. A type of filter that receives
electrical energy, converts it to
mechanical vibrations and then
converts the vibrations back to
electrical energy at its output.
A. Crystal filter
B. Mechanical filter
C. LC filter
D. SAW filter

73. The quarter-wavelength

transformer line acts as a step
down transformer when the load
resistance is with what
relationship with the
characteristic impedance of the
quarter-wavelength transformer?
A. Equal
B. Less than
C. Greater than
D. None of these
74. The characteristic impedance of a
microstrip is equal to ___ ohms.
A. 50 to 200
B. 25 to 50
C. 100 to 200
D. 50 to 75
75. A varactor has a maximum
capacitance of 80 pF and is tuned
circuit with 100 uH inductor.
Find the tuning voltage necessary
for the circuit to resonate at
triple the frequency produced by
the varactor.
A. 7.5 V
B. 40 V
C. 70 V
D. 80 V
76. Calculate the gain of a parabolic
antenna using a 2.5-m diameter
dish operating at 10 GHz.
A. 57.9
B. 67.7
C. 52.2
D. 46.2
77. Which of the following is NOT a
color code for Category 5 UTP?
A. Blue/white stripe and blue
B. Orange/white stripe and orange
C. Red/white stripe and red
D. Brown/white stripe and brown
78. What is the major cause of
fading?
A. Phase difference
B. Topographic variation
C. Climate
D. Ionospheric variation
79. A receiver produces a noise power
of 200mW with no signal. The
output level increases by 5W when
a signal is applied. Calculate
(S+N)/N in decibels.
A. 10.14 dB

B. 11.34 dB
C. 13.12 dB
D. 14.14 dB

B. 4.096 MHz
C. 8.89 MHz
D. 5.045 MHz

80. An AM broadcast transmitter has a

carrier power output of 50 kW.
What is the total power would be
produced with 90% modulation?
A. 70.25 kW
B. 88.15 kW
C. 99.45 kW
D. 66.98 kW

87. What method can be used to

determine the feed-point
impedance of a vertical antenna?
A. Resistance substitution
B. Impedance matching
C. Dissipated resistance
measurement
D. Grounding the antenna

81. Scatter transmission is used at

what frequencies?
A. EHF and VLF
B. HF and VHF
C. VHF and UHF
D. ELF and VLF

88. The frequency band normally used

to penetrate ocean depths and
therefore used for communicating
with submarine is ________.
A. EHF
B. MF
C. HF
D. ELF

82. Why are verticals sometimes toploaded?

A. To resonate on high frequency
B. To decrease the electrical
length
C. To resonate on low frequency
D. To look better
83. In what range of frequencies are
most omnidirectional horizontally
polarized antennas used?
A. VHF and UHF
B. HF and VHF
C. UHF and HF
D. LF and MF
84. A transmitter supplies 25 W to a
load through a line with SWR of
4:1. Find the power absorbed by
the load.
A. 32 W
B. 64 W
C. 23 W
D. 12 W
85. What is the percent total
harmonic distortion for a
fundamental frequency with
amplitude of 9 Vrms, second
harmonic amplitude of 0.3 Vrms,
and the third harmonic amplitude
of 0.1 Vrms?
A. 2.795 %
B. 1.25%
C. 2.5%
D. 3.5%
86. What is the 12th octave for a 1kHz repetitive wave?
A. 6.012 MHz

89. Typical mode of radiation of

helical antenna is
A. End fire
B. Normal
C. Common mode
D. Differential mode
90. A measure of mismatch in a
transmission line
A. Reflection coefficient
B. Propagation delay
C. Standing wave ratio
D. All of these
91. Placing a metallic array on the
antenna effects to increase the
current at the base of the
antenna, and also to make the
current distribution more
uniform. What is this called?\
A. Stub matching
B. Grounding
C. Top loading
D. Feeding
92. Calculate the beam width between
nulls of a 2-m paraboloid
reflector used at 6GHz.
A. 14 deg
B. 7 deg
C. 3.5 deg
D. 0.875 deg
93. This is often used to cure the
problem of great thickness
required of lenses used at lower
microwave frequencies or for
strong curved wavefronts.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Splicing
Zoning
Curving
Polarizing

94. Which of the following antenna

types is not designed for
transmitting at 10 GHz.
A. Horn antenna
B. Dish antenna
C. Zepp antenna
D. Helical antenna
95. Two antennas have gains of 5.3
dBi and 4.5 dBd, respectively.
Which has a greater gain?
A. The first antenna has a higher
gain
B. The second antenna has a
higher gain
C. Both antennas have the same
gain
D. Cannot be determined
96. Which of the following is not a
reason why most half-wave
antennas are mounted horizontally
at low frequencies?
A. Physical construction is
easier
B. More cost-effective
C. Mounting is easier
D. Support is easier
97. Which antennas usually consist of
two or more half-wave dipoles
mounted end to end?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Hertz
Marconi
Collinear
Yagi

98. A one-quarter wavelength of

coaxial or balanced transmission
line of a specific impedance
connected between a load and a
source in order to match
impedances is
A. A balun
B. An autotransformer
C. A Q section
D. Dummy load
99. It is the ability of the
oscillator in a receiver to
oscillate either above or below
the selected radio frequency
carrier by an amount equal to the
intermediate frequency throughout
the entire radio frequency band.
A. Heterodyning
B. Ranging
C. Tracking
D. Conversion
100.
The capacitor used which
prevents a portion of the signal
from radiating from their leads
A. Bypass
B. Feedthrough
C. Coupling
D. Neutralization