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CE591compcol F13
CE591compcol F13
Benefits of Structural
Steel
Concrete
High Strength
High Stiffness
(Modulus of
Elasticity)
High Ductility
Excellent Fire
Resistance
Low Cost
Ability to Be Cast
into Any Shape
+ speed of construction
Composite Action
Composite Elements
Concrete
Beams
Columns
Floor slabs
Metal
Deck
Shear Walls
Beam-to-Column Connections (?)
History
Early 1900s steel
beams encased in
concrete for
fireproofing
1931 Empire State
Buildings entire steel
frame was encased in
concrete
History
1988 Bank of China
megatruss of
composite columns
History
Late 1990s Pacific First Center
Supercolumns
(lateral system)
Floor
beams
Gravity columns
Composite Columns
Encased Composite Columns
SRC Steel Reinforced Concrete
Longitudinal Bars
Structural shapes
surrounded by
concrete
Vertical and
horizontal
reinforcement to
sustain encasement
Shear connectors
can be used to help
transfer forces
Encased Columns
Pressure/friction only if concrete confined
laterally to bear against steel shape
lateral ties
Filled Columns
Pressure normal to interface exists
Elephant-Foot Buckling
Confinement
Confinement from steel shell can
increase effective strength of concrete
However, stiffness reduced by
microcracking
AISC Limitations
To qualify as a composite column:
As 0.01
Ag
Concrete strength:
Supercolumns 12 ksi
Asr
sr
Ag
sr 0.004
Str 0.5d
Least column
dimension
d
provisions of ACI 318 shall apply with exceptions and limitations
(as listed in AISC I1.1); see ACI 318 Sections 7.10 and 10.9.3 for
additional tie reinforcement provisions
Local Buckling
lp for Axial Compression
D
t
b
E
2.26
t
Fy
D
E
0.15
t
Fy
b is for longer
side / dimension
w b
AISC B4.1
b = clear distance
t
t = design wall thickness
(0.93 x nominal wall thickness
(AISC B4.2))
Load Transfer
AISC I6
Transfer of load to concrete by
direct bearing requires bearing
check, etc.
Load applied to steel or
concrete only shear
connectors required
Good reference on Load Transfer is PowerPoint by
W. Jacobs posted to CE591 website.