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86

An-Najah National University

Faculty of Graduate Studies

The Questioning in the Parliamentary System

(A Comparing Study Palestine and Egypt)

Prepared by
Ahmad Nabeel Ahmad Sous

Supervised by
Dr. Ghazi Dweikat

This study has been carried out for obtaining the master degree in Law
in the Faculty of High Studies in An-Najah National University,
Nablus- Palestine.
2007

The Questioning in the Parliamentary System

(A Comparing Study Palestine and Egypt)
Prepared by
Ahmad Nabeel Ahmad Sous
Supervised by
Dr. Ghazi Dweikat

Abstract
The parliamentary system is considered the right image, and the
model expressing the principle of the separation between the authorities,
hence the basis of this system is the balance between the legislative and
executive authorities. As a general origin, all of the authorities stand in this
system equally without one following or controlling the other.
The parliamentary system did not arise as a single upturn, but its
rules have consisted due to a long historic development, and the tradition
has contributed to a big share in this development until the bases of this
system crystallized and its origins settled gradually, where that it did not
consist and arises on a specific ideological basis but its emergence came
related to specific historic developments, especially in England which
considered the cradle of the parliamentary system. The parliamentary
system passed by several stages from the development until its basic
elements crystallized and its pillars appeared, and the success that the
parliamentary system achieved in its original homeland England had a
great effect at many of the world countries that quoted its parliamentary
system from there. The outwards of the parliamentary system have
appeared in the constitutions of many countries and their main laws, from
these countries are the Arab Republic of Egypt and Palestine.
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There is no escape from stating the pillars that the parliamentary

system depends on. The first pillar is the presence of an elected
parliamentary council, which fulfills all of its basic elements, one of these
most important conditions is exercising the actual authority of the
parliament, a second condition is that the parliament has to be elected for a
specific a renewable period, a third condition is the parliament being
independent from its voters during the legislative separation, and that the
parliament member represents all of the nation.
And the second pillar that the parliamentary system depends on is
the duality of the executive authority, where that the parliamentary system
depends on the basis of the separation between the presidency of country
and prime ministry, so that the president is not responsible, assuming that
the complete political responsibility falls upon the ministry in a joint way
between the ministries and their organs, namely that the parliamentary
system based on the duality of the executive system.
The third pillar that the parliamentary system depends on is the
cooperation and the supervision between the legislative authority and the
executive authority where that the cooperation depends in its nature on the
intervention of the executive authority in some legislative authority works.
The most prominent aspect of this relation is the participation of parliament
with the government in some of their specializations, such as: the choice of
president, the choice of Prime Minister, the exercise of the president tasks
temporarily, the approval on the treaties that the president holds, the
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president's performance of the oath that is held in front of the parliament,

and the approval of the general budget and the final accounts.
The second aspect of the cooperation between the executive and the
legislative authorities appears in the participation of the government with
the parliament in some of its specializations, such as: starting the
parliament sessions, works related to the legislation and the inclusion of the
membership in the parliament and the ministry. The second part of this
feature is the supervision between the legislative and executive authorities,
where that the appearances of the supervision of the executive authority to
the legislative authority are: the call of parliament for the holding the
session, refusing the holding of the session and postponing the parliament
meeting. As for the appearances of the supervision of the legislative
authority to the executive authority including: the questioning, the right of
holding an investigation, and the political ministerial responsibility. The
most important tool of the supervision granted to the legislative authority
for watching the works of the executive authority is the interrogation right.
Most of the parliamentary countries constitutions stated the right of a
member or a group of members in the parliament of the interrogation of a
specific minister or the interrogation of the government about the internal
matters in their specialization, among the countries that use the
interrogation right Egypt and Palestine. The parliamentary interrogation
whether in Egypt or in Palestine has elements which are: offering the
interrogation to the parliament, answering the interrogation that the
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minister or the government carries out, and finally the vote of confidence in
government or one of the ministers in case of their carelessness in their
work was proved or if some of the parliament members requested the
withdrawal of confidence. The interrogation being a kind of discussion is
divided into two parts, the first is the discussion that targets the political
responsibility, and second is the discussion that targets taking suggestions
not the political responsibility.
The interrogation whether it is in Egypt or Palestine has three results.
The first one is that the discussion shows that the government or the
minister has carried out their duty perfectly, or the discussion shows that
the government didnt make mistakes or its mistake was very simple that
we can pass over. The last expected result of the interrogation is issuing a
decision with the condemnation of government or with the condemnation
of some of its members.