2004-07-30

page 1 of 12

SUGGESTED QUENYA VERB CONJUGATION CHART

Alphabetized according to English equivalents
These are the verbs mentioned in the Ardalambion wordlists as well as the attested ones from Parma Penyan Quettaron, conjugated according to my understanding (or misunderstanding) of the grammar given in
Helge Fauskanger's Quenya Course. Please notice that this is a work in progress. Corrections and suggestions are welcome (malinorne2003@yahoo.se)! Thanks to Corintur Linyacelu for proofreading!
Question marks indicate uncertain forms, irregular or special forms are in bold. Notice the conjucation of verbs with stems in -o, -e, -u is mostly unknown. The same goes for the perfect tense of verbs beginning in a
vowel or a prefix (I have chosen not to add augments to these in this chart).
Pronominal endings (as subject): -ny/-n (I), -ly/-l (you), -*ry (*-ro/*-r)/-s (he, she, it), -lv (inclusive we), -lm (exclusive we), -mm (dual we), -nt (they) .....simple plural: -r
Pronominal endings (as object): -n (I), -l (you), -s (he, she, it), -t (they)
Verb forms: infinitive: to ask, present tense: is asking, aorist: asks, future tense: will ask, past tense: asked, perfect tense: has asked, imperative: ask!, active (present) particple: asking
(adjectival), passive (past) participle asked (adjectival):, gerund: asking (noun)
English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

hehta
feuya

present
tense
hehta
feuya

Abandon
Abhor, feel disgust
at

hehtafeuya-

Abhor, loathe
Abide
Abide by
Accommodate
Affect, concern
Aid
Allow
Ask
Ask for (demand)
Assemble
Awake
Bail out, scoop out
Bake
Be able to (physic.)
Be free, allowed to
Be cold (weather)
Be enough
Be gone!
Be in control of
Be
Be, exist
Bear
Bear fruit
Beat (batter)
Beget

yeltamarhimyacamtaaprestalavmaquetcanhostacuivacalpamastapollertanicufarya-

hehta
feuya

hehtuva
feuyuva

yelta
mar
himya
camta
ap
resta
lav
maquet
can
hosta
cuiva
calpa
masta
pol
lerta
?nico
farya

yelta
mra
himya
camta
pa
resta
lva
maquta
cna
hosta
cuiva
calpa
masta
pla
lerta
nqua
farya

yelta
mar, marihimya
camta
ap, apiresta
lav, lavimaquet,
maquetican,
canihosta
cuiva
calpa
masta
pol, polilerta
niqu
farya
arwa+ gen
n, nar
e
col, coliyav, yavipalpa
nosta

?ncolyav-.
palpanosta-

n
col
yav
palpa
nosta

cla
yva
palpa
nosta

Imperativ
e
hehta
feuya

Active
participle
hehtala
feuyala

Passive
participle
hehtaina
feuyaina

Gerund

hehtan
feuyan

Perfect
tense
ehehti
efeui

yeltuva
maruva
himyuva
camtuva
apuva
restuva
lavuva
maquetuva
canuva
hostuva
cuivuva
calpuva
mastuva
poluva
lertuva
nicuva
faryuva

yeltan
marn
himyan
camtan
apan
restan
lv
maquent
cann
hostan
cuivan
calpan
mastan
poll
lertan
?nicun
farn

eyelti
amri
ihmi
acmi
pi
eresti
alvi
maquti
acni
ohosti
ucuivi
acalpi
amasti
opli
elerti
?inci
afri

yelta
mar
himya
camta
ap
resta
lav
maquet
can
hosta
cuiva
calpa
masta
pol
lerta
? nico
farya
heca

yeltala
mrala
himyala
camtala
pala
restala
lvala
maqutala
cnala
hostala
cuivala
calpala
mastala
plala
lertala
ncula
faryala

yeltaina
marna
himyaina
camtaina
apaina
restaina
lvina
maqutina
canna
hostaina
cuivaina
calpaina
mastaina
polda
lertaina
?nquina
faryaina,
farna?

yelti
mari
himi
camti
api
resti
lavi
maqueti
cani
hosti
cuivi
calpi
masti
poli
lerti
?nici
fari

nauva
?uva
coluva
yavuva
palpuva
nostuva

n, ner
eng
coll
yv?
palpan
nostan

colla, clina
yvina
palpaina
nostaina

coli
yavi
palpi
nosti

ocli
ayvi
apalpi
onosti

?na
a
col
yav
palpa
nosta

ala
clala
yvala
palpala
nostala

hehti
feui

2004-07-30
English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Beget, create
Behold if. Ela!
Bend (intr.)
Bind, restrain
Bind, tie
Bite
Blaze
Bless
Blink (peer)
Block
Bloom
Break
Break apart

ontacencnaavaleryanutnacuryalaitatihtataplostaracterhat-

onta
cen
cna
avalerya
nut
nac
urya
laita
tihta
tap
losta
rac
terhat

Break asunder
Break asunder
Breathe
Build
Burn (transitive)
Burn (intransitive)
Can
Carry
Catch (in a net)
Cause
Cause pain
Cease,take rest, stop
Change
Choke
Cleave
Cleave to, stick to
Cleanse
Close
Clothe
Collapse, fall in
Collapse, slide
Collect
Come
Come away
Command (people)
Compel (+dative)
Compress

present
tense
onta
cna
cna
avalerya
nta
nca
urya
laita
tihta
tpa
losta
rca
terhta

Aorist

Future tense

onta
ontuva
cen, cenicenuva
cna
cnuva
avalerya
avaleryuva
nut, nutinutuva
nac, nacinacuva
urya
uryuva
laita
laituva
tihta
tihtuva
tap, tapitapuva
losta
lostuva
rac, raciracuva
terhat,
terhatuva
terhatihathat
hta
hat, hatihatuva
ascatascat
ascta
ascat,
ascatuva
ascatisyasya
sya
sya
syuva
carcar
cra
car, caricaruva
ustausta
usta
usta
ustuva
uryaurya
urya
urya
uryuva
see "be able to " (physically), "know" (intellectually), "be allowed, free to"
pol
colcol
cla
col, colicoluva
raitaraita
raita
raita
raituva
tyartyar
tyra
tyar, tyarityaruva
nwalyanwalya
nwalya
nwalya
nwalyuva
hautahauta
hauta
hauta
hautuva
ahyaahya
ahya
ahya
ahyuva
quoroquoro?
quora?
quoruva
hyarhyar
hyra
hyar,
hyaruva
hyarihimyahimya
himya
himya
himyuva
poitapoita
poita
poita
poituva
avalatyaavalatya
avalatya
avalatya
avalatyuva
vaimatavaimata
vaimata
vaimata
vaimatuva
ataltaatalta
atalta
atalta
ataltuva
taltatalta
talta
talta
taltuva
hostahosta
hosta
hosta
hostuva
tultul
tla
tul, tulituluva
htulihtul?
htula?
htul?
htuluva
cancan
cna
can, canicanuva
mauyamauya
mauya
mauya
mauyuva
sangasanga
sanga
sanga
sanguva

Past tense

page 2 of 12

Imperativ
e
onta
cen
cna
avalerya
nut
nac
urya
laita
tihta
tap
losta
rac
terhat

Active
participle
ontala
cnala
cnala
avaleryala
ntala
ncala
uryala
laitala
tihtala
tpala
lostala
rcala
terhtala

Passive
participle
ontaina
cenna
cnaina
avaleryaina
ntina
ncina
uryaina
laitaina
tihtaina
tpina
lostaina
rcina
terhtina

Gerund

n, ontan
cenn
cnan
avaleryan
nunt
nanc
uryan
laitan
tihtan
tamp
lostan
ranc
terhant

Perfect
tense
onti
ecni
ucni
avalri
unti
anci
ri
alaiti
itihti
atpi
olosti
arci
terhti

hant
ascant
sn
carn
ustan
uryan

ahti
ascti
usui
acri
usti
ri

hat
ascat
sya
car
usta
urya

htala
ascatala
syala
crala
ustala
uryala

htina
asctina
syaina
carna
ustaina
uryaina

hati
ascati
si
cari
usti
uri

coll
raitan
tyarn
nwalyan
hautan
ahyan

ocli
araiti
atyri
anwli
ahauti
ahhi
ahyri
ihmi
opoiti
avalti
avaimati
atalti
atalti
ohosti
utli
hotli?
acni
amaui
asangi

clala
raitala
tyrala
nwalyala
hautala
ahyala
qurola?
hyrala
himyala
poitala
avalatyala
vaimatala
ataltala
taltala
hostala
tlala
htulila?
cnala
mauyala
sangala

colla, clina
raitaina
tyrina
nwalyaina
hautaina
ahyaina

hyand
himyan
poitan
avalant?
vaimatan
ataltan
taltan
hostan
tull, tl
htull
cann
mauyan
sangan

col
raita
tyar
nwalya
hauta
ahya
quoro
hyar
himya
poita
avalatya
vaimata
atalta
talta
hosta
tul
hotul?
can
mauya
sanga

coli
raiti
tyari
nwali
hauti
ahi
quori?
hyari
himi
poiti
avalati
vaimati
atalti
talti
hostie
tuli
htuli
cani
maui
sangi

hyrna
himyaina
poitaina
avalatyaina
vaimataina
ataltaina
taltaina
hostaina
tulda
htulda
canna
mauyaina
sangaina

onti
ceni
cni
avaleri
nuti
naci
uri
laiti
tihti
tapi
losti
raci
terhati

2004-07-30
English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

halya
ap
telya
tur
not
onot
top
undulav
untpa
onta
tara
ruxa
rista
?aucir
?hcir
lilta
linga
verya
nav

present
tense
halya
pa
telya
tra
nta
onta
tpa
undulva
untpa
onta
tra
rxa
rista
?aucra
?hcra
lilta
linga
verya
nva

Conceal
Concern, affect
Conclude (trans.)
Control
Count
Count up
Cover
Cover completely
Cover, down-roof
Create
Cross, go athwart
Crumble
Cut
Cut off (and lose)
Cut off (and use)
Dance
Dangle
Dare
Deem, think

halyaaptelyaturnotonottopundulavuntpaontatararuxaristaaucirihcirililtalingaveryanav-

halya
ap, apitelya
tur, turinot, notionot,
onotitop, topiundulav,
undulaviuntpa
onta
tara
ruxa
rista
?aucir,
?aucirihcir,
?hcirililta
linga
verya
nav, navi-

halyuva
apuva
telyuva
turuva
notuva
onotuva
topuva
undulavuva
untpuva
ontuva
taruva
ruxuva
ristuva
auciruva
hciruva
liltuva
linguva
veryuva
navuva

Deliver (save)

eterna-

eterna

aterna

eterna

Demand (things)
Deny
Depart
Deprive of liberty
Desire
Despise
Destine
Devise
Die
Disappear
Disappear
Divide in middle
Do
Dont!
Double (repeat)
Draw
Draw water
Dread
Dream (impersonal)
Drink

canlalavanyaavaleryamernattirmartyaautafirvanyaautaperyacar-

can
lala
vanya
avalerya
mer
nattir
martya
auta
fir
vanya
auta
perya
car

cna
lla
vanya
avalerya
mra
nattra
martya
auta
fra
vanya
auta
perya
cra

tatyatuccalpaaistalasuc-

tatya
tuc
calpa
aista
la
suc

tatya
tca
calpa
aista
la
sca

page 3 of 12

Imperativ
e
halya
ap
telya
tur
not
onot
top

undulav
untpa
onta
tara
ruxa
rista
aucir?
hcir?
lilta
linga
verya
nav

Active
participle
halyala
pala
telyala
trala
ntala
ontala
tpala
undulval
a
untpala
ontala
trala
ruxala
ristala
aucirila?
hcirila?
liltala
lingala
veryala
nvala

Passive
participle
halyaina
apaina
telyaina
turna
ntina
ontina
tpina
undulvina
untpaina
ontaina
taraina
ruxaina
ristaina
aucirina?
hcirina?
liltaina
lingaina
veryaina
nvina

Gerund

halyan
apan
telyan
turn
nont
onont
tomp
undulv
untpan
n, ontan
taran
ruxan
ristan
aucirn
hcirn
liltan
lingan
veryan
nanw?nve

Perfect
tense
ahli
pi
etli
utri
onti
onti
otpi
undulvi
untpi
onti
atri
uruxi
iristi
auciri
ohciri
ililti
ilingi
evri
anvi

eternuva

eternan

eterni

eterna

eternala

eternaina

eterni

can, canilala
vanya
avalerya
mer, merinattir,
nattirimartya
auta
fir, firivanya
auta
perya
car, cari-

canuva
laluva
vanyuva
avaleryuva
meruva
nattiruva
martyuva
autuva
firuva
vanyuva
autuva
peryuva
caruva

cann
lalan, lall
vann
avaleryan
mern
nattirn
martyan
oant?
firn
vann, vn
vn
peryan
carn

acni
alli
avni
avaleri
emri
nattri?
amarti
oanti?
fri
avni
avni
epri
acri

cnala
lalala
vanyala
avaleryala
mrala
nattrala
martyala
autala
frala
vanyala
autala
peryala
crala

canna
lalaina
vanyaina
avaleryaina
merna
nattirna
martyaina
autaina
frna
vanwa
vanwa
prina?
perna?
carna

cani
lali
vani
avaleri
meri
nattiri
marti
auti
firi
vani
auti
peri
cari

tatya
tuc, tucicalpa
aista
la+dative?
suc, suci-

tatyuva
tucuva
calpuva
aistuva
luva
sucuva

tatyan
tunc
calpan
aistan
olan
sunc

atti
utci
acalpi
aisti?
li
usci

can
lala
vanya
avalerya
mer
nattir
martya
auta
fir
vanya
auta
perya
car
va!
tatya
tuce
calpa
aista
la
suc

tatyala
tcala
calpala
aistala
lala
scala

tatyaina
tcina
calpaina
aistaina
laina
scina

tati
tuci
calpi
aisti
li
suci

hali
api
teli
turi
noti
onoti
topi
undulavi
untpi
onti
tari
ruxi
risti
auciri?
hciri
lilti
lingi
veri
navi

2004-07-30
English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Dwindle
Eat
Eddy
Emit light
Enchant
End (intransitive)
End, cease
End, put an end to
Enter
Entrap (in a net)
Escape
Establish, fix
Exist, bee
Exclude

pcamathwinyafainaluhtateltyelmetyamittarembaus-?
tulca-

pca
mat
hwinya
faina
luhta
tel
tyel
metya
mitta
remba
?us
tulca

present
tense
pca
mta
hwinya
faina
luhta
?tla
tyla
metya
mitta
remba
?sa
tulca

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

hehta-

hehta

hehta

Fade
Fade (die), expire
Fade away slowly

sintafirfifru-

sinta
fir
?fifro

Fall
Fasten
Fear (+ablative)
Feel, sense
Fetch
Fight
Fill
Find
Find (accidentally?)
Finish (intransitive)
Finish (transitive)
Fit, make fit,
accomoodate
Fix, set
Float
Flood
Flow
Flow
Flow
Fly
Fly
Fly (take refuge)

lantatacructenyatultamahtaquathirtuvteltelyacamtapanyalutuoloiyasirlutuluttaramyavilruc-

Perfect
tense
ipci
amti
ihwni
afaini
uluhti
etli
etyli
emti
imitti
erembi
si?
utulci

pca
mat, matihwinya
faina
luhta
?tel, telityel, tyelimetya
mitta
remba
?us, usitulca
a
hehta

pcuva
matuva
hwinyuva
fainuva
luhtuva
?teluva
tyeluva
metyuva
mittuva
rembuva
?usuva
tulcuva
?uva
hehtuva

pcan
mant
hwinn
fainan
luhtan
telen
tyell
metyan
mittan
remban
uns? un?
tulcan
eng
hehtan

sinta
fir, firififiru?

sintuva
firuva
fifruva

sintan
firn
fifirun?

lanta
tac
ruc
tenya
tulta
mahta
quat
hir
tuv
tel
telya
camta

sinta
fra
fifrua?,
fifra?
lanta
tca
rca
tenya
tulta
mahta
quta
hra
tva
tla
telya
camta

ehehtan,
ehehtie
isinti
firi
fifri

lanta
tac, taciruc, rucitenya
tulta
mahta
quat, quatihir, hirituv, tuvitel, telitelya
camta

lantuva
tacuva
rucuva
tenyuva
tultuva
mahtuva
quantuva
hiruva
tuvuva
teluva
telyuva
camtuva

lantan
tanc
runc
tenyan
tultan
mahtan
quant
hirn
tv
tell
telyan
camtan

panya
?luto
oloiya
sir
?luto
lutta
ramya
vil
ruc

panya
ltua
oloiya
sra
ltua
lutta
ramya
vla
rca

panya
?lutu
oloiya
sir, siri?lutu
lutta
ramya
vil, viliruc, ruci-

panyuva
lutuva
oloiyuva
siruva
lutuva
luttuva
ramyuva
viluva
rucuva

panyan
?lutun
oloiyan
sirn
?lutun
luttan
ramn
vill
runc

page 4 of 12

Imperativ
e
pca
mat
hwinya
faina
luhta
tel
tyel
metya
mitta
remba
us?
tulca
e
hehta

Active
participle
pcala
mtala
hwinyala
fainala
luhtala
tlala?
tylala
metyala
mittala
rembala
sala?
tulca
ala
hehtala

Passive
participle
pcaina
mtaina
hwinyaina
fainaina
luhtaina
telena?
tyelda
metyaina
mittaina
rembaina
usina?,
usaina?
tulcaina

Gerund

hehtaina

hehti

sinta
fir
fifiro

sintala
frala
fifrula

sintaina
frna
?fifruina

sinti
firi
fifri

alanti
atci
urci
etni
utulti
amahti
aquti
ihri
utvi
etli
etli
acamti

lanta
tac
ruc
tenya
tulta
mahta
quat
hir
tuv
tel
telya
camta

lantala
tcala
rcala
tenyala
tultala
mahtala
qutala
hrala
tvala
tlela?tela
la?
telyala
camtala

lantaina
tcina
rcina
tenyaina
tultaina
mahtaina
qutina,
quanta?
hirna
tvina
telina
telyaina
camtaina

lanti
taci
ruci
teni
tulti
mahti
quati
hiri
tuvi
teli
teli
camti

apni
?ulti
oloi?
isri
?ulti
ulutti
armi
ivli
urci

panya
luto
oloiya
sir
luto
lutta
ramya
vil
ruc

panyala
ltula
oloiyala
srala
ltula
luttala
ramyala
vlala
rcala

panyaina
lutuina?
oloyaina
srna
?lutuina
luttaina
ramyaina
vlda
runca

pani
?luti

pci
mati
hwinifaini
luhti
teli?
tyeli
meti
mitti
rembi
usi
tulci

siri
?luti
lutti
rami
vili
ruci

2004-07-30
English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Fly in the wind

Foam
Follow
Forbid

hlapufalastahilyavquet-

?hlapo
falasta
hilya
vquet

present
tense
hlpua
falasta
hilya
vquta

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

hlapuva
falastuva
hilyuva
vquetuva

sena
cra
hehta
etelehta
nqua
hosta
nta
yerya
anta
nosta
ilca
tna
mirilya
lelya
lenna
tra
pla
auta
tra
lva
mpa

?hlapu
falasta
hilya
vquet,
vquetinir, niriavatyara
?apsen,
apsenisen, senicar, carihehta
etelehta
niqu
hosta
net, netiyerya
anta
nosta
ilca
tin, tinimirilya
lelya
lenna
tara
pel, peliauta
tur, turilav, lavimapa

Force, press, thrust

Forgive
Forgive (+dative of
person forgiven)
Forgive
Form
Forsake
Free
Freeze (it freezes)
Gather
Get
Get old
Give
Give birth
Gleam (white)
Glint
Glitter
Go
Go
Go athwart
Go round, return
Go away, leave
Govern
Grant (allow)
Grasp

niravatyaraapsene-

nir
avatyara
apsen

nra
avatyara
apsena

sencarhehtaetelehtanicuhostanetyeryaantanostailcatinmirilyalelyalennatarapelautaturlavmapa-

sen
car
hehta
etelehta
?nico
hosta
net
yerya
anta
nosta
ilca
tin
mirilya
lelya
lenna
tara
pel
auta
tur
lav
mapa

Grieve
Growl (of dogs)
Grumble
Guard
Guess
Hallow
Halve
Hammer
Handle
Happen

nyernrunurrutirintyaairitaperyanambamahtamarta-

nyer
?nro
?nurro
tir
intya
airita
perya
namba
mahta
marta

nyra
nrua
nurrua
tra
intya
airta?
perya
namba
mahta
marta

nyer,
nyeri?nru
?nurru
tir, tiriintya
airita
perya
namba
mahta
marta

nyeruva
nruva
nurruva
tiruva
intyuva
airituva
peryuva
nambuva
mahtuva
martuva

page 5 of 12

Imperativ
e
hlapo
falasta
hilya
vquet

Active
participle
hlpula
falastala
hilyala
vqutala

Passive
participle
?hlapuina
falastaina
hilyaina
vquetina

Gerund

?hlapun
falastan
hilyan
vquent

Perfect
tense
?ahlpi
afalasti
ihli
vquti

niruva
avatyaruva
apsenuva

nind
avatyarn
apsenen?

inri
avatyri
apsni

nir
avatyara
apsen

nrala
avatyarala
apsnala

nirna
avatyaraina
apsenaina?

niri
avatyari
apseni

senuva
caruva
hehtuva
etelehtuva
nicuva
hostuva
netuva
yeryuva
antuva
nostuva
ilcuva
tinuva
mirilyuva
lelyuva
lennuva
taruva
peluva
autuva
turuva
lavuva
mapuva

senn
carne
hehtan
etelehtan
?nicun
hostan
nent
yern
antan, n
nostan
ilcan
tinn
mirill
lend
lend
taran
pell
oant
turn
lv?
mamp,
mapan
nyern
?nrun
?nurrun
tirn
intyan
airitn
peryan
namban
mahtan
martan

esni
acri
ehehti
etelehti
?inci
ohosti
enti
eyri
anti
onosti
ililci
itni
imrili
elli?
elendie
elenni
atri
epli
oanti
utri
alvi
ampi

sen
car
hehta
etelehta
nico
hosta
net
yerya
anta
nosta
ilca
tin
mirilya
lelya
lenna
tara
pel
auta
tur
lav
mapa

snala
crala
hehtala
etelehtala
ncula
hostala
ntala
yeryala
antala
nostala
ilcala
tnala
mirilyala
lelyala
lennala
trala
plala
autala?
trala
lvala
mpala

senna
carna
hehtaina
etelehtaina
?nquina
hostaina
ntina
yeryaina
antaina
nostaina
ilcaina
tinna
mirilyaina
lelyaina?
lennaina
taraina
pelda
autina?
turna
lvina
mapaina

seni
cari
hehti
etelehti
?nici
hosti
neti
yeri
anti
nosti
ilci
tini
mirili
leli
lenni
tari
peli
auti?
turi
lavi
mapi

enyri
?unri
?unurri
itri
ininti
airiti
epri
anambi
amahti
amarti

nyer
nuro?
nurro?
tir
intya
airita
perya
namba
mahta
marta

nyrala
nrula
nurrula
trala
intyala
airitla
peryala
nambala
mahtala
martala

nyerna
?nruina
?nurruina
tirna
intyaina
airinta
prina
nambaina
mahtaina
martaina

nyeri
?nri
?nurri
tiri
inti
airiti
peri
nambi
mahti
marti

?hlapi
falasti
hili
vqueti

2004-07-30
English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

nanda
tanta
tev
hanya
harya
envinyata

present
tense
nanda
tanta
tva
hanya
harya
envinyata

Harp
Harp
Hate
Have knowledge of
Have, possess
Heal, renew

nandatantatevhanyaharyaenvinyata-

nanda
tanta
tev, tevihanya
harya
envinyata

nanduva
tantuva
tevuva
hanyuva
haryuva
envinyatuva

nandan
tantan
tv?
hanyan
haryan
envinyatn

Hear
Heave
Heave (intransitive,
of heavy things)
Heed
Hew (with sword)
Forge
Hew (with axe?)
Hide
Hide
Hide
Hunt (pursue)
IlluminateImpel (impersonal)
Impel (impersonal)
Induce
Indicate, show
Invent
Jerk
Judge
Judge
Judge
Jump
Kindle (set light to)
Kindle (a fire?)
Kindle (a star)
Kindle (make burn)
Kindle (make burn)
Knock
Know
Labour
Lament
Lament
Last

hlaramortarma-

hlar
amorta
rma

hlra
amorta
rma

hlar, hlariamorta
rma

hlaruva
amortuva
rmuva

cimmacmacapelehtanurtalommoruroitacalyaoraorsahtatanaautarihtanamhamnavcapcaltanartatintaturutundatambaistamtanainanynatermar-

cim
mac
maca
pelehta
nurta
lom
?moro
roita
calya
ora
or
sahta
tana
auta
rihta
nam
ham
nav
cap
calta
narta
tinta
?turo
tunda
tamba
ista
mta
naina
nyna
termar

cma
mca
mca
pelehta
nurta
lma
mrua
roita
calya
ora
ra
sahta
tana
auta
rihta
nma
hma
nava
cpa
calta
narta
tinta
trua
tunda
tamba
ista
mta
naina
nyna
termra

cim, cimimac, macimaca

pelehta
nurta
lom, lomi?moru
roita
calya
or+dative
or+dative
sahta
tana
auta
rihta
nam, namiham, haminav, navicap, capicalta
narta
tinta
?turu
tunda
tamba
ista
mta
naina
nyna
termar,

cimuva
macuva
macuva
pelehtuva
nurtuva
lomuva
moruva
roituva
calyuva
oruva
oruva
sahtuva
tanuva
autuva
rihtuva
namuva
hamuva
navuva
capuva
caltuva
nartuva
tintuva
turuva
tunduva
tambuva
istuva
mtuva
nainuva
nynuva
termaruva

page 6 of 12

Perfect
tense
anandi
atanti
etvi
ahni
ahri
envinyati

Imperativ
e
nanda
tanta
tev
hanya
harya

envinyata

Active
participle
nandala
tantala
tvala
haryala
tvala
envinyat
la

Passive
participle
nandaina
tantaina
tvina
hanyaina
haryaina
envinyanta

Gerund

hlarn
amortan
rman

ahlri
amorti
urmi

hlar
amorta
rma

hlrala
amortala
rmala

hlarna
amortaina
rmaina

hlari
amorti
rmi

cimn
manc
macan
pelehtan
nurtan
lomn
?morun
roitan
calyan
oran
orn
sahtan
tanan
autan
rihtan
namn
hamn
nav
camp
caltan
nartan
tintan
?turun
tundan
tamban
sint
mtan
nainan
nynan
termarn

icmi
amci
amci
epelehti
unurti
olmi
?omri
oroiti
acli
ri, orri
ri, orri
asahti
atni
auti
irihti
anmi
ahmi
anvi
acpi
acalti
anarti
itinti
?utri
utundi
atambi
?isinti
omti
anani
enyni
termari

cim
mac
maca
pelehta
nurta
lom
moro
roita
calya
ora
ora
sahta
tana
auta
rihta
nam
ham
nav
cap
calta
narta
tinta
? turo
tunda
tamba
ista
mta
naina
nyna
termar

cmala
mcala
mcala
pelehtala
nurtala
lmala
mrula
roitala
calyala
rala
rala
sahtala
tnala
autala
rihtala
nmala
hmala
navala
cpala
caltala
nartala
tintala
trula
tundala
tambala
istala
mtala
nainala
nynala
termrala

cimna
mcina
macaina
pelehtaina
nurtaina
lomna
?moruina
roitaina
calyaina
oraina
oraina
sahtaina
tanaina
autaina
rihtaina
namna
hamna
nvina
cpina
caltaina
nartaina
tintaina
?turuina
tundaina
tambaina
istaina
mtaina
nainaina
nynaina
termarna

cimi
maci
maci
pelehti
nurti
lomi
mori?
roiti
cali
ori
ori
sahti
tani
auti
rihti
nami
hami
navi
capi
calti
narti
tinti
?turi
tundi
tambi
isti
mti
naini
nyni
termari

nandi
tanti
tevi
hani
hari
envinyati

2004-07-30
English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

present
tense

Laugh

lala-

lla

Lead
Lead into
Leap
Leave, disappear
Leave, go away
Lessen
Lick
Lick (frequentative)
Lie heavy
Lie (horizontally)
Lift up
Listen
Listen
Loathe, abhor
Long for
Look at
Look!
Loose, slacken
Love
Lower (brood)
Make
Make for (a place)
Manage
Mar
Move (intrans.),
rumble
Name
Net, snare
Net, snare
Not be, not do
Open, allow entry

tulyamittanyahaltaautaautapcalavlapsalumnacaitaortalrlastayeltamilyayta-

Open wide
Open wide, expand
Open, spread out
Order (command)
Overshadow
Pass (disappear)
Pass (go)

page 7 of 12

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

Perfect
tense

Imperativ
e

Active
participle

Passive
participle

Gerund

lala

termarilala

lluva

alli

lala

llala

lalaina

lali

tulya
mittanya
halta
auta
auta
pca
lav
lapsa
lumna
caita
orta
lr
lasta
yelta
milya
yta

tulya
mittanya
halta
auta
auta
pca
lva
lapsa
lumna
caita
orta
lra
lasta
yelta
milya
yta

tulya
mittanya
halta
auta
auta
pca
lav, lavilapsa
lumna
caita
orta
lr, lrilasta
yelta
milya
yta

tulyuva
mittanyuva
haltuva
autuva
autuva
pcuva
lavuva
lapsuva
lumnuva
caituva
ortuva
lruva
lastuva
yeltuva
milyuva
ytuva

lalan,
land
tulyan
mittanyan
haltan
vn
oant
pcan
lv
lapsan
lumnan
caitan
ortan
larn
lastan
yeltan
milyan
ytan

utli
imittani
ahalti
avni
oanti
ipci
alvi
alapsi
ulumni
acaiti
orti
(ororti)
alri
alasti
eyelti
imli
eyti

tulyala
mittanyala
haltala
autala?
autala?
pcala
lvala
lapsala
lumnala
caitala
ortala
lrala
lastala
yeltala
milyala
ytala

tulyaina
mittanyaina
haltaina
vanwa
autina?
pcaina
lvina
lapsaina
lumnaina
caitaina
ortaina
lrna
lastaina
yeltaina
milyaina
ytaina

tuli
mittani
halti
auti?
auti?
pci
lavi
lapsi
lumni
caiti
orti
lri
lasti
yelti
mili
yti

lencamelluvucarmnamahtahastarmaestarembaremiumlatya-

lenca
mel
?luvo
car
mna
mahta
hasta
rma
esta
remba
rem?
um
latya

lenca
mla
lvua
cra
mna
mahta
hasta
rma
esta
remba
rma?
uma
latya

lenca
mel, meli?luvu
car, carimna
mahta
hasta
rma
esta
remba
rem, remi?
um,
umilatya

lencuva
meluva
luvuva
caruva
mnuva
mahtuva
hastuva
rmuva
estuva
rembuva
remuva
va
latyuva

elenci
emli
?ulvi
acri
imni
amahti
ahasti
urmi
esti
erembi
ermi?
?mi
alti?

lencaina
mlina,
melda
?luvuina
carna
mnaina
mahtaina
hastaina
rmaina
estaina
rembaina
remina

latya

lencala
mlala
lvula
crala
mnala
mahtala
hastala
rmala
estala
rembala
rmila
mala?
latyala

latyaina

lenci
meli
?luvi
cari
mni
mahti
hasti
rmi
esti
rembi
remi
umi
lati

palupalyapantacanteltaautaauta-

?palo
palya
panta
can
telta
auta
auta

plua
palya
panta
cna
telta
auta
auta

?palu
palya
panta
can, canitelta
auta
auta

paluva
palyuva
pantuva
Canuva
teltuva
autuva
autuva

lencan
mell
?luvun
carn
mnan
mahtan
hastan
rman
estan
remban
remin
m
lant? /
latyan
?palun
palyan?
pantan
cann
teltan
vn
oant

tulya
mittanya
halta
auta
auta
pca
lav
lapsa
lumna
caita
orta
lr
lasta
yelta
milya
yta
ela!
lenca
mel
? luvo
car
mna
mahta
hasta
rma
esta
remba
rem?

palo?
palya
panta
can
telta
auta
auta

plula
palyala
pantala
cnala
teltala
autala
autala

?paluina
palyaina
pantaina
canna
teltaina
vanwa?
autina?

?pali
pali
panti
cani
telti
auti?
auti?

?apli
apli?
apanti
acni
etelti
avni
oanti

2004-07-30
English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Pick up with fingers

Play
Possess,
Pour (intransitive)
Pour (transitive)
Pout
Praise
Pray
Pray
Pray
Press, thrust
Prick, sting
Prick, sting
Prolong
Protect
Puff
Pursue
Put an end to
Put aside
Put to shame
Quarrel
Raise
Ravish
Reach
Read
Recall, remember
Receive
Reckon
Redeem, deliver
Refill

leptatyalharyaulyaulyapengalaitaarcahyamahyernirercanastataitavaryahwestaroitametyahehtanaityacostaortaamaptarahtacendaenyaltuvunoteternaenquat-

lepta
tyal
harya
ulya
ulya
penga
laita
arca
hyama
hyer
nir
erca
nasta
taita
varya
hwesta
roita
metya
hehta
naitya
costa
orta
amapta
rahta
cenda
enyal
?tuvo
not
eterna
enquat

present
tense
lepta
tyla
harya
la
la
penga
laita
arca
hyama
hyra
nra
erca
nasta
taita
varya
hwesta
roita
metya
hehta
naitya
costa
orta
amapta
rahta
cenda
enyla
tvua
nta
aterna
enquta

Refuse, say no

avaquet-

avaquet

avaquta

Refuse, say no

vquet-

vquet

vqueta

Relate, tell
Release
Remember

nyarleryaenyal-

nyar
lerya
enyal

nyra
lerya
enyla

Rend

narci-

narc?

narca?
narca?

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

lepta
tyal, tyaliharya
ulya
ulya
penga
laita
arca
hyama
hyer,
hyeri-nirinir,
erca
nasta
taita
varya
hwesta
roita
metya
hehta
naitya
costa
orta
amapta
rahta
cenda
enyal,
enyali?tuvu
not, notieterna
enquat,
enquatiavaquet,
avaquetivquet,
vquetinyar,
nyarilerya
enyal,
enyalinarc, narci-

leptuva
tyaluva
haryuva
ulyuva
ulyuva
penguva
laituva
arcuva
hyamuva
hyeruva
niruva
ercuva
nastuva
taituva
varyuva
hwestuva
roituva
metyuva
hehtuva
naityuva
costuva
ortuva
amaptuva
rahtuva
cenduva
enyaluva
tuvuva
notuva
eternuva
enquantuva

page 8 of 12

Imperativ
e
lepta
tyal
harya
ulya
ulya
penga
laita
arca
hyama
hyer
nir
erca
nasta
taita
varya
hwesta
roita
metya
hehta
naitya
costa
orta
amapta
rahta
cenda
enyal
? tuvo
not
eterna
enquat

Active
participle
leptala
tylala
haryala
ulyala
ulyala
pengala
laitala
arcala
hyamala
hyrala
nrala
ercala
nastala
taitala
varyala
hwestala
roitala
metyala
hehtala
naityala
costala
ortala
amaptala
rahtala
cendala
enyla
tvula
ntala
eternala
enqutala

Passive
participle
leptaina
tyalda
haryaina
ulyaina
ulyaina
pengaina
laitaina
arcaina
hyamaina
hyerna
nirna
ercaina
nastaina
taitaina
varna
hwestaina
roitaina
metyaina
hehtaina
naityaina
costaina
ortaina
amaptaina
rahtaina
cendaina
enyalda
?tuvuina
ntina
eternaina
enqutina

Gerund

leptan
tyall
haryan
ull
ulyan,
pengan
laitan
arcan
hyaman
hyern
nind
ercan
nastan
taitan
varyan
hwestan
roitan
metyan
hehtan
naityan
costan
ortan
amaptan
rahtan
cendan
enyall
?tuvun
nont
eternan
enquant

Perfect
tense
elepti
atyli
ahri
li
li
epengi
alaiti
rci
ahymi
ehyri
inri
erci
anasti
ataiti
avri
ehwesti
oroiti
emti
ehehti
anaiti
ocosti
orti, ororti
amapti
arahti
ecendi
enayli
?utvi
ontie
eterni
enquti

avaquetuva

avaquent

avaqueti

avaquet

avaqutala

avaqutina

avaqueti

vquetuva

vquent

vqueti

vquet

vqutala

vqutina

vqueti

nyaruva
leryuva
enyaluva

nyarn
leryan
enyall

anyri
elri
enayli

nyar
lerya
enyala

nyrala
leryala
enylala

nyarna
leryaina
enyalda

nyari
leri
enyali

narcuva

narcin

anarci

narc

narcila?

narcina

narci?

lepti
tyali
hari
uli
uli
pengi
laiti
arci
hyami
hyeri
niri
erci
nasti
taiti
vari
hwesti
roiti
meti
hehti
naiti
costi
orti
amati
rahti
cendi
enyali
?tuvi
noti
eterni
enquati

2004-07-30
English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

envinyata
tatya
ser, serihauta
avalerya
entul,
entulipel, peliorta
tpa
tur, turi?heru
val, valicir, ciriquet, quetiequ
winta
winta
halya
telta
cen, cenivla
mapa

envinyatuva
tatyuva
seruva
hautuva
avaleryuva
entuluva
peluva
ortuva
tpuva
turuva
heruva
valuva
ciruva
quetuva

winta
winta
halya
telta
cen
vla
mapa

present
tense
envinyata
tatya
sra
hauta
avalerya
entla
pla
orta
tpa
tra
hrua
vala
cra
quta
equ
winta
winta
halya
telta
cna
vla
mpa

Renew
Repeat
Rest
Rest (take a rest)
Restrain
Return, come back
Return, go round
Rise
Roof
Rule
Rule
Rule (divine power)
Sail
Say
Says, said
Scatter, transitive
Scatter, intransitive
Screen from light
Screen, canopy
See
See
Seize

envinyatatatyaserhautaavaleryaentulpelortatpaturheruvalacirquet-

envinyata
tatya
ser
hauta
avalerya
entul
pel
orta
tpa
tur
?hero
vla
cir
quet

hortatultamentanmetanmenda-

horta
tulta
menta
nmeta
nmenda

horta
tulta
menta
nmeta
nmenda

horta
tulta
menta
nmeta
nmenda

hortuva
tultuva
mentuva
nmetuva
nmenduva

envinyatn

tatyan
send
hautan
avaleryan
entull
pell
ortan
tpan
turn
?herun
valan
cirn
quent
equ
wintan
winn
halyan
teltan
cenn
vlan
mamp,
mapan
hortan
tultan
mentan
nmetan
nmendan

wintawintahalyateltacenvlamapa-

Send flying (urge)

Send for
Send, cause to go in
certain
direction
Set
(of the
sun)
Set (of the sun)
Set free
Set out to do
vigorously
Set up
Set, fix
Shine

leryahorya-

lerya
horya

lerya
horya

lerya
horya

leryuva
horyuva

leryan
horn

tulcapanyacal-

tulca
panya
cal

tulca
panya
cla

tulca
panya
cal, cali-

tulcuva
panyuva
caluva

Shine (with white

light)
Shine (white) freq.
Shine (white)
Shout

sil-

sil

sla

sil, sili-

sislaninquitarama-

sisla
ninquita
rama

sisla
ninquita
rma

sisla
ninquita
rama

page 9 of 12

Perfect
tense
envinyati
atati
esri
ahauti
avalri
enutli
epli
orti, ororti
otpi
utri
?ehri
avli
icri
equti

Imperativ
e

envinyata
tatya
ser
hauta
avalerya
entul
pel
orta
tpa
tur
hero?
vala
cir
quet

Active
participle
envinyat
la
tatyala
srala
hautala
avaleryala
entlala
plala
ortala
tpala
trala
hrula
vlala
crala
qutala

Passive
participle
envinyanta
tatyaina
serna
hautaina
avaleryaina
entulda
pelda
ortaina
tpaina
turna
?heruina
valaina
cirna
qutina

Gerund

iwinti
iwinti
ahli
etelti
ecni
evli
ampi

winta
winta
halya
telta
cen
vla
mapa

wintala
wintala
halyala
teltala
cnala
vlala
mpala

wintaina
wintaina
halyaina
teltaina
cenna
vlaina
mapaina

winti
winti
hali
telti
ceni
vli
mapi

ohorti
utulti
ementi
unmeti
unmendi

hortala
tultala
mentala
nmetala
nmendal
a
leryala
horyala

hortaina
tultaina
mentaina
nmetaina
nmendaina

horti
tulti
menti
nmeti
nmendi

elri
ohori

horta
tulta
menta
nmeta

nmenda
lerya
horya

leryaina
horyaina

leri
hori

utulci
apni
acli

tulca
panya
cal

tulcala
panyala
clala

tulcaina
panyaina
calda

tulci
pani
cali

siluva

tulcan
panyan
call,
caltan
sill

isli

sil

slala

silda

sili

sisluva
ninquituva
ramuva

sislan
ninquitan
raman

sisli
ininquiti
armi

sisla
ninquita
rama

sislala
ninquitala
rmala

sislaina
ninquitaina
ramaina

sisli
ninquiti
rami

wintuva
wintuva
halyuva
teltuva
cenuva
vluva
mapuva

envinyati
tati
seri
hauti
avaleri
entuli
peli
orti
tpai
turi
?heri
vali
ciri
queti

English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Show, indicate
Sing
Sing
Sip
Sit
Slacken
Sleep
Slide down
Slumber
Slumber
Snarl
Snow (it snows)
Sound
Sow
Sparkle
Speak
Speed up
Spread, open wide
Spread, open wide
Sprout
Sprout
Squat
Stain
Stand
Startle
Stay (abide)
Stick to
Sting
Sting
Stink
Stop
Stop, block
Stop, not allow to
continue
Stop,
take a rest
Stray
Stray about
Stream out quickly
Strech out
Stretch
Strengthen
Stride

tanalindalirsalpaharlehtafumtaltalormuruyarrafautlamyarertintinaquethortapalupalyatuialohtahacavahtatyultacaptamarhimyanastaercayolopustatapnuhtahautaranyamistacelurahtalenuantoryatelconta-

tana
linda
lir
salpa
har
lehta
fum
talta
lor
?muro
yarra
faut
lamya
rer
tintina
quet
horta
?palo
palya
tuia
lohta
haca
vahta
tyulta
capta
mar
himya
nasta
erca
?yolo
pusta
tap
nuhta
hauta
ranya
mista
?celo
rahta
?leno
antorya
telconta

present
tense
tna
linda
lra
salpa
hra
lehta
fma
talta
lra
mrua
yarra
fauta
lamya
rra
tintina
quta
horta
plua
palya
tuia
lohta
hca
vahta
tyulta
capta
mra
himya
nasta
erca
?yoloa
pusta
tpa
nuhta
hauta
ranya
mista
clua
rahta
lnua
antorya
telconta

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

tana
linda
lir, lirisalpa
har, harilehta
fum, fumitalta
lor, lori?muru
yarra
fauta
lamya
rer, reritintina
quent,
quetihorta
?palu
palya
tuia
lohta
haca
vahta
tyulta
capta
mar, marihimya
nasta
erca
?yolo
pusta
tap, tapinuhta
hauta
ranya
mista
?celu
rahta
?lenu
antorya
telconta

tanuva
linduva
liruva
salpuva
haruva
lehtuva
fumuva
taltuva
loruva
muruva
yarruva
fautuva
lamyuva
reruva
tintinuva
quetuva
hortuva
paluva
palyuva
tuiuva?
lohtuva
hacuva
vahtuva
tyultuva
captuva
maruva
himyuva
nastuva
ercuva
yoluva
pustuva
tapuva
nuhtuva
hautuva
ranyuva
mistuva
celuva
rahtuva
lenuva
antoryuva
telcontuva

tanan
lindan
lirn
salpan
harn
lehtan
fumn
taltan
lorn
?murun
yarran
faunt
lamn
rend
tintinan
quent
hortan
?palun
palyan
tuian
lohtan
hacan
vahtan
tyultan
captan
marn
himyan
nastan
ercan
yolon
pustan
tamp
nuhtan
hautan
rann
mistan
?celun
rahtan
?lenun
antoryan
telcontan

Perfect
tense
atni
ilindi
ilri
asalpi
ahri
elehti
ufmi
atalti
olri
?umri
ayarri
afauti
almi
erri
tintni
equti
ohorti
?apli
apli
uti?
olohti
ahci
avahti
utyulti
acapti
amri
ihmi
anasti
ererci
?oyli
upusti
atpi
unuhti
ahauti
arni
imisti
?ecli
arahti
?elni
antri?
etelconti

Imperativ
e
tana
linda
lir
salpa
har
lehta
fum
talta
lor
muro?
yarra
faut
lamya
rer
tintina
quet
horta
palo?
palya
tuia
lohta
haca
vahta
tyulta
capta
mar
himya
nasta
erca
? yolo
pusta
tap
nuhta
hauta
ranya
mista
celo?
rahta
leno?
antorya
telconta

Active
participle
tnala
lindala
lrala
salpala
hrala
lehtala
fmala
taltala
lrala
mrula
yarrala
fautala
lamyala
rrala
tintinala
qutala
hortala
plula
palyala
tuiala
lohtala
hcala
vahtala
tyultala
captala
mrala
himyala
nastala
ercala
?ylola
pustala
tpala
nuhtala
hautala
ranyala
mistala
clula
rahtala
lnula
antoryala
telcontala

2004-07-30

page 10 of 12

Passive
participle
tanaina
lindaina
lirna
salpaina
harna
lehtaina
fumna
taltaina
lorna
?muruina
yarraina
fautina
lamyaina
rerna
tintinaina
qutina
hortaina
?paluina
palyaina
tuiaina
lohtaina
hacaina
vahtaina
tyultaina
captaina
marna
himyaina
nastaina
ercaina
?yoloina?
pustaina
tpina
nuhtaina
hautaina
ranyaina
mistaina
?celuina
rahtaina
?lenuina
antoryaina
telcontaina

Gerund
tani
lindi
liri
salpi
hari
lehti
fumi
talti
lori
?muri
yarri
fauti
lami
reri
tintini
queti
horti
?pali
pali
tui?
lohti
haci
vahti
tyulti
capti
mari
himi
nasti
erci
?yoli
pusti
tapi
nuhti
hauti
rani
misti
?celi
rahti
?leni
antori
telconti

English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Suffice
Suffocate
Summon

faryaquoronaham-

farya
?quoro
naham

present
tense
farya
quroa?
nahma

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

faryuva
quoruva
nahamuva

farn
quoron
nahamn

yla
tulta
intya
tiuya
hwinya
quta
fasta
tma
tyva

farya
?quoro
naham,
nahamiyal, yalitulta
intya
tiuya
hwinya
quet, quetifasta
tam, tamityav, tyavi-

Summon, call
Summon, fetch
Suppose
Swell
Swirl
Talk
Tangle
Tap
Taste

yaltultaintyatiuyahwinyaquetfastatamtyav-

yal
tulta
intya
tiuya
hwinya
quet
fasta
tam
tyav

yaluva
tultuva
intyuva
tiuyuva
hwinyuva
quetuva
fastuva
tamuva
tyavuva

nyra
ruhta
nva
sana
nra
nta
mta
appa
pa
nwalya
manca
lelya
la
tintila
rca
rihta
hanya
panta
horta
ora
halya
vasarya
fanta
eccoita
vanta
ranya
mra

nyar,
nyariruhta
nav, navisana
nir, nirinut, nutimta
appa
ap, apinwalya
manca
lelya
lia
tintila
ric, ricirihta
hanya
panta
horta
ora+dative
halya
vasarya
fanta
eccoita
vanta
ranya
mer, meri-

nyaruva
ruhtuva
navuva
sanuva
niruva
nutuva
mtuva
appuva
apuva
nwalyuva
mancuva
lelyuva
liuva
tintiluva
ricuva
rihtuva
hanyuva
pantuva
hortuva
oruva
halyuva
vasaryuva
fantuva
eccoituva
vantuva
ranyuva
meruva

yall
tultan
intyan?
tiun
hwinn
quent
fastan
tamn
tyv,
tyamb
nyarn
ruhtan
?nv
sanan
nind
nunt
mtan
appan
apan
nwalyan
mancan
lend
lian
tintilan
rinc
rihtan
hanyan
pantan
hortan
oran, orn
halyan
vasaryan
fantan
eccoitan
vantan
rann
mern

Tell
Terrify
Think, deem
Think, reason
Thrust
Tie
Toil
Touch (literally)
Touch, concern
Torment
Trade
Travel
Twine
Twinkle
Twist
Twitch
Understand
Unfurl
Urge
Urge, impel (+dat.)
Veil
Veil
Veil
Wake up
Walk
Wander
Want

nyarruhtanavsananirnutmtaappaapnwalyamancalelyaliatintilaricrihtahanyapantahortaorahalyavasaryafantaeccoitavantaranyamer-

nyar
ruhta
nav
sana
nir
nut
mta
appa
ap
nwalya
manca
lelya
lia
tintila
ric
rihta
hanya
panta
horta
ora
halya
vasarya
fanta
eccoita
vanta
ranya
mer

2004-07-30

page 11 of 12

Perfect
tense
afri
?oquri
anahmi

Imperativ
e
farya
quoro?
haham

Active
participle
faryala
?qurola
nahmala

Passive
participle
faryaina
farna?
?quoroina
nahamna

Gerund

ayli
utulti
ininti
uti?
ihwni
equti
afasti
atmi
atyvi

yal
tulta
intya
tiuya
hwinya
quet
fasta
tam
tyav

ylala
tultala
intyala
tiuyala
hwinyala
qutala
fastala
tmala
tyvala

yalda
tultaina
intyaina
tiuyaina
hwinyaina
qutina
fastaina
tamna
tyvina

yali
tulti
inti
tiui?
hwini
queti
fasti
tami
tyavi

anyri
uruhti
anvi
asni
inri
unti
omti
appi
pi
anwli
amanci
elendi
il
itintili
irci
irihti
ahni
apanti
ohorti
orri, ori
ahli
avsari
afanti
eccoiti
avanti
arani
emri

nyar
ruhta
nav
sana
nir
nut
mta
appa
ap
nwalya
manca
lelya
lia
tintila
ric
rihta
hanya
panta
horta
halya
vasarya
fanta
eccoita
vanta
ranya
mer

nyrala
ruhta
nvala
snala
nrala
ntala
mtala
appala
pala
nwalyala
mancala
lelyala
lala
tintila
rcala
rihtala
hanyala
pantala
hortala
rala
halyala
vasaryala
fantala
eccoitala
vantala
ranyala
mrala

nyrna
ruhtaina
navaina
sanaina
nirna
ntina
mtaina
appaina
apaina
nwalyaina
mancaina
lelyaina
liaina
tintilaina
rcina
rihtaina
hanyaina
pantaina
hortaina
oraina
halyaina
vasaryaina
fantaina
eccoitaina
vantaina
ranyaina
merna

nyari
ruhti
navi
sani
niri
nuti
mti
appi
api
nwali
manci
leli
li
tintili
rici
rihti
hani
panti
horti
ori
hali
vasari
fanti
eccoiti
vanti
rani
meri

faryi
?quori
nahami

English equivalent

Verb stem

Infinitive

Watch
Wave, surge
War (make war
upon)
Wear
Wear out
Weave
Wed
Whisper
Whiten, make white
Wield a weapon
Wield, control
Wish
Wish to go somewh.
Wither
Wound
Wrap
Write
Yawn
Yawn

tirsoltoohtacar-

tir
solto?
ohtacar

present
tense
tra
soltoa?
ohtacra

colyeryalanyavesta
lussaninquitmahtaturmermnahestaharnavaitatechacyanga-

col
yerya
lanya
vesta
lussa
ninquit
mahta
tur
mer
mna
hesta
harna
vaita
tec
hac
yanga

cla
yerya
lanya
vesta
lussa
ninquta
mahta
tra
mra
mna
hesta
harna
vaita
tca
hca
yanga

Aorist

Future tense

Past tense

tir, tirisolto?
ohtacar,
ohtacaricol, coliyerya
lanya
vesta
lussa
ninquita
mahta
tur, turimer, merimna
hesta
harna
vaita
tec, tecihac, haciyanga

tiruva
soltuva
ohtacaruva
coluva
yery uva
lanyuva
vestuva
lussuva
ninquituva?
mahtuva
turuva
meruva
mnuva
hestuva
harnuva
vaituva
tecuva
hacuva
yanguva

2004-07-30

page 12 of 12

Imperativ
e
tir
solto
ohtacar

Active
participle
trala
soltola?
ohtacrala

Passive
participle
tirna
soltoina?
ohtacarna

Gerund

tirn
solton?
ohtacarn

Perfect
tense
itri
osolti
ohtacri

coll
yeryan
lanyan
vestan
lussan
ninquitn
mahtan
turn
mern
mnan
hestan
harnan
vaitan
tenc
hanc
yangan

ocli
eyri
alni
evesti
ulussi
ninquitn
amahti
utri
emri
imni
ehesti
aharni
avaiti
etci
ahci
ayangi

col
yerya
lanya
vesta
lussa
ninquit
mahta
tur
mer
mna
hesta
harna
vaita
tec
hac
yanga

clala
yeryala
lanyala
vestala
lussala
ninquitla
mahtala
trala
mrala
mnala
hestala
harnala
vaitala
tcala
hcala
yangala

colda
yeryaina
lanyaina
vestaina
lussaina
ninquinta
mahtaina
turna
merna
mnaina
hestaina
harna
vaitaina
tcina
hcina
yangaina

coli
yeri
lani
vesti
lussi
ninquiti?
mahti
turi
meri
mni
hesti
harni
vaiti
teci
haci
yangi

tiri
solti?
ohtacari