TRAO I

NG DNG SAP2000 - V14 XC NH

NI LC TRONG MT S BI TON N
GIN CA H PHNG TNH NH CHU
TI TRNG BT NG
CN. Nguyn Tn Vn - Cu SV Khoa k thut Xy Dng
CN. Trn Hu Trng - Khoa k thut Xy Dng

1. t vn
Hin nay phn mm kt cu Sap 2000 vi nhiu phin bn mi ang c s dng
rt ph bin v rng ri trong cc trng i hc khi k thut xy dng ni chung. y
l cng c h tr c lc v ng tin cy trong vic tnh ton v phn tch cc dng kt
cu xy dng. c rt nhiu nhng nghin cu ng dng phn mm kt cu Sap 2000
trong trin khai thc t, cng nh trong qu trnh phc v ging dy v hc tp. Trong
khun kh gii hn ca bi vit ny ch cp n vic s dng phn mm kt cu
Sap 2000 vi phin bn V14 xc nh ni lc trong mt s bi ton n gin ca h
phng tnh nh chu ti trng bt ng: h dm, h khung ghp v dn phng. Vi vic
trnh by kh chi tit vic khai bo mt s hnh thc tc dng c bit ca ti trng v
cc lin kt cng vi nhng v d minh ha c th. Bi vit s gp phn gip ch cho sinh
vin ang hc mn hc c hc kt cu 1 - phn h tnh nh c mt cch nhn nhn tng
qut hn, h thng ha kin thc ang hc, ng thi c kh nng s dng phn mm
phc v cho vic hc, c th l gii cc bi ton v kim tra qu trnh gii tay ca mnh
bng phn mm Sap 2000.
2. Ni dung
2.1. Khai bo ti trng
2.1.1. Khai bo Mmen tp trung
- Khi dng c 1 m hnh nh yu cu.
- Chn nt gn mmen, vo menu Assign Joint Load Forces
hoc kch vo biu tng
. Ty theo chiu ca mmen m ta nhp s liu mang du
-, +,

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2.1.2. Lc tp trung xin gc

Ta phn tch thnh 2 lc P1, P2.
P1 = P.sin

P1

P = P.cos

P2

- Chn nt, vo menu Assign Joint Load Forces(

vo biu tng
, nhp s liu ti trng tp trung theo phng X, Z.

), hoc kch

2.2. Khai bo lin kt

2.2.1. Khai bo gi c nh hoc gi di ng theo phng ngang
khai bo lin kt gi theo phng nm ngang cn chn 1 nt hoc s nt
bng cch kch chut vo v tr cc nt hoc r chut xung quanh cc nt mun chn.
Sau khi chn, vo menu Assign joint restraints (
) hoc kch vo
biu tng
. Chn gi c nh hoc di ng,
.
2.2.2. Xoay h trc ta a phng ti nt
Khi bn mun thay i chiu ti trng, thay i iu kin bin, thay i i tng
t ti nt th c th i h ta a phng nh sau: Assign Joint Load Axes
Chn gc xoay h ta a phng theo trc xoay h ta tng th x, y, z.
2.2.3. Gii phng lin kt hai u phn t thanh:
Trong kt cu nhiu phn t m ti khng c mmen, lc ct hay lc dc. Vy
gii phng chng ta thc hin:
- Chn phn t mun gii phng lin kt.
- Vo Assign Frame Releases/Partial Fixity , hoc kch vo biu tng
V d 1: Gii phng mmen
M3-3

Ti nt 1 mmen (M3-3 = 0).

II

M3-3

- Chn thanh I kch vo biu tng

M3-3 ti im kt thc bng 0.

- Chn thanh II kch vo biu tng

M3-3 ti im bt u bng 0.

- Kim tra gii phng: kch vo biu tng

Releases.

Frame/Cables/Tendons

V d 2: V cc biu ni lc trong h cho nh hnh v sau:

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TRAO I

q = 20 kN/m

40

B
o

30

P = 50 kN

1m

C
2m

D
1m

2m

Trnh t cch lm:

Bc 1: Khi ng Sap 2000 _ V14.
Bc 2: Chn n v KN-m-oC (

).

Bc 3: Vo menu File chn lnh New Model, hoc kch biu tng
Kch chn Beam (Dm lin tc)

Trong phn Edit Grid ta chn kiu Spacing nhp khong cch cc li:

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Ta c h dm nh sau:

Bc 4: Khai bo lin kt gi:

Cc gi trong h nh trn cha ng vi bi ton t ra:
+ Thay gi trc E bng gi c nh: sau khi kch chut vo v tr nt, vo menu
Assign
Joint
restraints (
) hoc kch vo biu tng
chn
+ Cn thay lin kt gi di ng trc B, C, D bng cc nt: ta chn cc nt ti trc
B, C, D, kch vo biu tng
chn
.
+ Thay gi trc A bng gi di ng: Sau khi kch chut vo v tr nt, kch vo biu
tng
chn
.
+ Xoay h trc ta ti nt trc A: Chn nt ti trc A, vo menu Assign
Load Axes
.

Joint

Bc 5: Khai bo trng hp ti trng:

khai bo trng hp ti trng: Vo Define

Load patterns(

+ i vi trng hp Tnh ti:

- Tn: Tnh Ti (TT), Loi: DEAD
- H s TLBT: 0 (Khng tnh n trng lng bn thn cu kin).
Sau khi sa gi tr
Chn

chn Modify Load (

).

chp nhn.

- Vo menu Define
Load Case

Load Cases (

). Kch vo Modal chn Delete

Bc 6: Gn ti trng phn b u:

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Chn thanh BC, vo menu Assign

), hoc kch vo biu tng

Frame Load
Distributed
, (Load Case Name l TT, Direction

l Gravity), t gi tr Uniform Load = 20

Bc 7: Gn ti trng tp trung:
Phn tch lc tp trung gc xin thnh 2 lc P1, P2.
P1 = P.sin400 = 50.sin40 0 = 32,14(kN)

P2 = P.cos40 0 = 50.cos40 0 = 38,30(kN)

Chn nt ti D, vo
, (Load Case Name l TT), kch chn
t gi tr Force Global X = -38,30 v Force Global Z = -32,14.

Bc 8: Xem y cc lc tp trung v phn b u trn mn hnh:

Vo Display
Pattern Name.

Show Load Assign

Frame (

), Load

Bc 9: Khai bo dng kt cu:

- Vo menu Analyze
Set Analysis Options (
). H dm cng
c coi l h khung phng (kt cu chu un XZ) nn ta chn XZ Plane
OK.
Bc 10: Lu v chy chng trnh tnh: Vo menu Analyze
(

hoc F5)

Run Analysis

chn

- Sau khi chy chng trnh tnh th Sap s kha s liu (biu tng kha trn mn
hnh s ng li
vo biu tng

), nu mun sa s liu nhp th phi m kha bng cch kch

, lc s tr thnh

Bc 11: Xem kt qu ni lc:

Vo menu Display Show Forces/Stresses
Frames/Cables (hoc kch
vo mi tn trn biu tng
chn (Frames/Cables).
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+ Axial Force: Lc dc.

- Shear 2-2: Lc ct theo phng 2.
- Moment 3-3: Mmen un quanh trc 3.
Do Sap2000 quy nh du lc ct ngc du vi quy nh du ca VN, nn khi
xem biu lc ct trong phn khai bo t l ta chn t l mang du -, c biu
ng quy nh.

Biu lc dc ca Tnh Ti

Biu lc ct Q2-2 ca Tnh Ti

Biu mmen M3-3 ca Tnh Ti

V d 3: V cc biu ni lc trong h cho nh hnh v sau:

Trnh t cch lm:

Bc 1: Khi ng Sap 2000 V14.
Bc 2: Chn n v KN-m-oC (
Bc 3: Vo menu File

chn lnh New Model hoc kch biu tng

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.
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TRAO I

Kch chn Grid Only (H li).

Dng chut kch vo biu tng
v nhanh, kch chut vo 1 ng li s
c 1 phn t thanh nm ti li v gii hn bng cc mt li 2 u, nu dng
chut ko thnh 1 hnh ch nht th ta s c cc phn t thanh nm trong hnh ch
nht .
Bc 4: Khai bo lin kt gi:
Tng t khai bo lin kt gi nh v d 2.
- Ta chn nt ti A, kch vo biu tng

chn

- Tip tc chn nt ti B, kch vo biu tng

.
chn

- i vi trng hp gi di ng nm ngang ta cng chn nt ti E, kch vo biu tng

chn
kch vo Translation 1 (
) v kch b Translation 3.
Bc 5: Gii phng lin kt hai u phn t thanh:
Ti nt C mmen (M3-3 = 0).
- Chn thanh BC
Assign
Frame
Releases/Partial Fixity, hoc kch
vo biu tng
M3-3 ti im kt thc bng 0.
- Chn thanh CD

kch vo biu tng

- Kim tra gii phng: Kch vo biu tng

Releases

M3-3 ti im bt u bng 0.
Frame/Cables/Tendons

Nh vy, ta to c s tnh ca h dm ( phn ny, ta phi to c 1 h

dm c kch thc cc nhp v lin kt gi theo yu cu).
: Khai bo trng hp ti trng:
khai bo trng hp ti trng: Vo Define
- i vi trng hp Tnh ti:
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Load patterns

TRAO I

- Tn: Tnh Ti (TT)

- Loi: DEAD
- H s TLBT: 0
Sau khi sa gi tr
Chn

chn Modify Load (

).

chp nhn.

- Vo menu Define
Load Case

Load Cases (

). Kch vo Modal chn Delete

Bc 7: Gn ti trng ti trng phn b u:

Chn thanh BC, vo menu Assign Frame Load
Distributed
hoc kch vo biu tng
, (Load Case Name l TT, Direction l Gravity), t gi
tr Uniform Load = 2
Bc 8: Gn ti trng tp trung:
Chn nt ti im F, kch

, (Load Case Name l TT), nhn chn

, t gi tr Force Global Z = -4

Bc 9: Khai bo mmen tp trung:

Chn nt ti im G, vo menu Assign
hoc kch vo biu tng
, nhn chn

Joint Load

Forces (
),
, t gi tr Moment

about Global Y = 8.
Bc 10: Xem y cc lc tp trung, phn b u v mmen trn mn hnh:
Vo Display
Pattern Name: TT.

Show Load Assign

Hnh 3. Trc xz

Frame (

), Load

Hnh 4. nh 3-d

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Bc 11: Khai bo dng kt cu:

Vo menu Analyze

Set Analysis Options (

). H dm cng

c coi l h khung phng (kt cu chu un XZ) nn ta chn XZ Plane.

Bc 12: Lu v chy chng trnh tnh: Vo menu Analyze

Run Analysis.

Bc 13: Xem kt qu ni lc:

Vo menu Display
mi tn trn biu tng

Show Forces/Stresses

Frames/Cables (hoc kch vo

chn (Frames/Cables).

3. Kt lun
Bi vit trnh by c mt s hnh thc tc dng c bit ca ti trng v cc
hnh thc ca lin kt, ng thi c cc v d c th minh ha r rng, gip ngi c i tng sinh vin c th tip cn v tham kho phc v cho vic hc tp v nghin cu.
Trong gii hn ca bi vit ny ch gii quyt ni dung ca 3 dng ton l: h dm
phng, h khung ghp v h dn tnh nh. Cn rt nhiu ni dung cn nghin cu
phc v cho vic ging dy v hc tp mn hc ny cng nh trin khai vic ng dng
phn mm Sap2000 phn tch v xc nh ni lc trong cc bi ton c hc kt cu.
Vn ny s c tip tc trnh by v nghin cu trong cc bi vit sau.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Bi c Vinh (2010), Phn tch v thit k kt cu bng phn mm SAP2000 V. 9.x,
NXB Trng i Hc Bch Khoa - Tp. H Ch Minh.
[2]. Nguyn Th Mai Hng (2011), ng dng Sap2000 V.12 trong cc bi ton kt cu tnh
nh & siu tnh, Nng.
[3]. Berkeley, California, USA, June 2008, CSI Analysis Reference Manual For SAP2000,
ETABS, and SAFETM .

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