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!
Integral Notation: f (x)dx is used to denote the most
general antiderivative of f . Since any function f has an
infinite number of antiderivatives and all of them dier only
by a constant, if F is any antiderivative of f , then
"
f (x)dx = F (x) + C ,
where C is a constant.
f (x): integrand.
!
: integral sign.
n = 1.
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2dx
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2dx
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2dx = 2x + C .
2dx
xdx
-5-
2dx = 2x + C .
2dx
xdx
1
xdx =
x 2 dx
1
x 2 +1
+C
1
2 +1
2 3
x 2 + C.
3
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2dx = 2x + C .
3.
1
dx
x2
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3.
1
dx
x2
1
= + C.
x
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4.
1
dx
6x 3
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4.
1
dx
6x 3
Sol.: By using The power rule and constant multiple rule for
integrals,
"
"
1
1
dx =
x 3 dx
6x 3
6
1
x 3+1
+C
6 3 + 1
1
=
+ C.
12x 2
=
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5.
(x 2 + 2x)dx
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5.
(x 2 + 2x)dx
Sol.: By using constant rule, sum rule, and the power rule,
!
6.
(x 2 + 2x)dx
x3
+ x2 + C.
3
x 3 1
dx
x2
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x 2 dx + 2
xdx
5.
(x 2 + 2x)dx
Sol.: By using constant rule, sum rule, and the power rule,
!
6.
(x 2 + 2x)dx
x3
+ x2 + C.
3
x 2 dx + 2
xdx
x 3 1
dx
x2
x3 1
dx
x2
(x x 2 )dx
1
x2
+ + C.
2
x
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xdx
x 2 dx
7.
4e 5 x dx
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7.
4e 5 x dx
4e 5 x dx
e 5 x dx
10 6 x
e 5 + C.
3
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5 6x
e5 +C
6
7.
4e 5 x dx
8.
4e 5 x dx
e 5 x dx
10 6 x
e 5 + C.
3
5
x dx
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5 6x
e5 +C
6
7.
4e 5 x dx
8.
4e 5 x dx
e 5 x dx
10 6 x
e 5 + C.
3
5 6x
e5 +C
6
5
x dx
5
dx
x
1
dx
x
5 ln |x| + C .
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9.
"
e x 2x 2 xe x
dx
x 2e x
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9.
"
Sol.:
"
e x 2x 2 xe x
dx
x 2e x
e x 2x 2 xe x
dx
x 2ex
"
"
"
1
1
x
=
dx 2 e dx
dx
x2
x
1
= + 2e x ln |x| + C .
x
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Example 10.
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0.015
0.005x 3 x 2 + 80x + K ,
(0.015x 2 2x + 80)dx
!
x 2 dx 2
xdx +
80dx
the fixed cost is $1,000 per day, so C (0) = K = 1000. The cost
function is 0.005x 3 x 2 + 80x + 1000.
b. Find the cost of producing 60 units per day.
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0.015
0.005x 3 x 2 + 80x + K ,
(0.015x 2 2x + 80)dx
!
x 2 dx 2
xdx +
80dx
the fixed cost is $1,000 per day, so C (0) = K = 1000. The cost
function is 0.005x 3 x 2 + 80x + 1000.
b. Find the cost of producing 60 units per day.
C (60) = 0.005(60)3 (60)2 + 80(60) + 1000 = $3, 280.
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Example 11.
It is estimated that t months from now, the population of a certain
2
town will be changing at the rate of 4 + 5t 3 people per month. If
the current population is 10,000, what will the population be 8
months from now?
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Example 11.
It is estimated that t months from now, the population of a certain
2
town will be changing at the rate of 4 + 5t 3 people per month. If
the current population is 10,000, what will the population be 8
months from now?
Sol.: The population function P(t) is the indefinite integral of
2
4 + 5t 3 with initial value 10, 000,
P(t)
4t + 3t 3 + C ,
(4 + 5t 3 )dx
5
Example 12.
Find the function f (x) whose tangent has slope 3x 2 + 1 for each
value of x and whose graph passes through the point (2,6).
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Example 12.
Find the function f (x) whose tangent has slope 3x 2 + 1 for each
value of x and whose graph passes through the point (2,6).
Sol.: The tangent function is the first derivative of function f (x),
"
f (x) =
(3x 2 + 1)dx
= x3 + x + C ,
solve C with initial condition 6 = f (2) = 23 + 2 + C , C = 4.
Ans: The function f (x) = x 3 + x 4.
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