Identification tests

Group I A (H Li K Na Rb Cs Fr)
Lithium
o Flame test: Carmine Red
o Disodium Phosphate + Ammonia:
White ppt
o Sulfuric Acid: No ppt
Sodium
o Flame test: Persistent Golden
Yellow
o Potassium Dihydrogen
Pyroantimonate: White ppt
o Zinc Acetate + Uranyl Acetate: Pale
yellow ppt.
Potassium
o Flame Test: Violet
o Na2Co(NO2)6: White ppt
o Tartaric Acid: white ppt of
Potassium Bitartrate + NaOH=
Rochelles Salt
Group I B (Cu Ag Au)
Copper
o Potassium Ferric Cyanide: Reddish
Brown ppt.
o Ammonia(excess):Cu(NH3)4 + Blue
Soln
Silver
o HCl: White Curdy ppt; AgCl
(product formed)
o H2S: Thioacetamide: Black ppt;
Ag2S3
Gold
o NaOH: Brown ppt
o SnCl: Purple ppt
GROUP 2A (Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra)
Magnesium
o Flame Test: Brick Red/ Dull red
o NaOH: White ppt
Calcium
o Flame Test: Brick Red/ Dull red
o Potassium Oxalate: White ppt of
Calcium Oxalate
Strontium
o Flame Test: Crimson
o Disodium Phosphate + Ammonia +
Ammonium Chloride: White ppt
o Sulfuric Acid: white ppt
Barium
o Flame Test: Green

o
o
Group
Zinc
o
o

Potassium Chromate: Yellow ppt

Sulfuric Acid: White ppt
2B (Zn Cd Hg)

H2S: White ppt

Potassium Ferric Cyanide: White
ppt
o Ammonia: White ppt
Cadmium
o H2S: Yellow ppt
o Potassium Ferric Cyanide: White
ppt
o Ammonia: White ppt
Mercurous
o HCl: White ppt
o KI: Green ppt
Mercuric
o HCl:white ppt
o KI: Red ppt
o SnCl2: White ppt
Group3A (B Al Ga In Ti)
Aluminium
o Ammonia: white gelatinous ppt
o Thenards Blue Test
Bo3
o Methanol + Sulfuric Acid: Green
Bordered Flame
Group 4A (C Si Ge Sn Pb)
Carbon
o Acetate: Vinegar like odor
o Acetate heated w/ ethanol: fruity
odor
o Phenolphthalein:CO3;dark pink/red:
HCO3;Colorless
Lead
o Potassium Chromate: Yellow ppt
o HCl: white ppt
Tin
Sn2+
Sn4+
H2S
Brown
Yellow
HgCl2
White
NR
Group 5A ( Sb As P N)
Nitrogen
Detection of cyanide
o Silver nitrate: white ppt
o Mercurous Nitrate: Black ppt
SCN(Thiocyanate)
NO2
NO3
Diluted
Brown Gas
NR

H2SO4
Brown Ring
Brown Ring
Brown Ring
FeCL3- blood red solution of ferric
thiocyanate complex ion
Antimony
o H2S: orange red sulfide
o Al metal: black ppt
Bismuth
o H2S: brownish black ppt
o Na2SnO2: black ppt

Silver
Nitrate
(NH4)2Mo
O4
Magnesia
mixture

Ions
Cr3+

Phospha
te
Yellow
ppt
Yellow
ppt
White
ppt

Arsenat
e
Brown
ppt
Yellow
ppt
White
ppt

Arsenite
Yellow
ppt

NaOH: Grayish ppt of Cr(OH)3

Cr+3 + NaOH
> NaCrO2

Cr(OH)3

S2O3 2o Dilute H2SO4: Yellow ppt

o KMnO2 or I2 solns: decolorized
Fluoride
Etching test: markings/etches becomes
permanent on glass
Silver Nitrate: No ppt
Chloride
Silver Nitrate: White ppt
Hg2(NO3)2: White ppt

EXCESS
NaO H

Na 2O 2
> NaCrO4

Grayish green green soln

Yellow soln
CrO4 2o BaCl2: yellow ppt
o AgNO3: brownish red ppt
o Parchromic acid test or Vanishing
Blue test
o H2O2(hydrogen peroxide) and
ether: blue ethereal layer due to
perchromic acid

AgNO3
KMnO4,
H2SO4,
Chloroform
Cobalt
o
o
Nickel
o
o

Bromine
Yellow ppt
Orange to
brown layer

Iodine
Yellow ppt
Violet layer
due

NH4OH: Pink ppt

KNO2, HAc: yellow ppt

NH4OH: Green ppt

Dimethyl glyoxine, NH3: Red ppt
Fe 2+
Fe 3+
K3Fe(CN)6
Turnbulls
Brown soln
blue
K4Fe(CN)6
White ppt
Prussian
Blue
KCNS
NR
Blood red
soln