Final Review

12/04/2013

Leading Strand: Polymerase is copying DNA in the same direction that

the helicase is moving
Lagging Strand: Polymerase is copying in the opposite direction that
helicase is moving
Makes Okazaki fragments sealed together by DNA ligase
Helicase is the enzyme that unzips the DNA and creates the replication
bubble
5 3
Question:
5 GACTATG 3
What strand is complementary to it?
3 CTGATAC 5 (but this isnt finished because we have to start
with 5 so we flip it!)
5 CATAGTC 3
Question:
Given a DNA strand, write the RNA complement
5 GACTATG 3
We use U instead of T
3 CUGAUAC 5 then flip 5 CAUAGUC 3
Codon
Found in mRNA
Made of 3 nucleotides

Codes for one amino acid

64 possible codons because there are GACU (4) nucleotides 4^3 =
64
3 stop codons: UGA, UAG, UAA (does not code for an amino acid,
just says stop
Start codon: AUG

Question:
Given an mRNA strand, tell how many amino acids long the protein
is going to be
UGGAGUAUGCCCUACGGCUAGCCA
1
2 3 4 STOP
Anticodon is found in tRNA
For every codon we have to have a tRNA that has an anticodon
region that matches up to it and has the right amino acid
Genes are found in DNA
Amino acids are found in proteins
Transcription happens first in the nucleus
DNA mRNA
Translation
Outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm on the ribosome
mRNA protein