PROBLEMS CHAP.

3
3.1

Lithium alloys are known to have severe hydrogen porosity problems due to the hydration
of oxides and formation of hydrides on the work-piece surface. If you were to do GMAW
of these alloys using AlLi wires, can you avoid porosity? If so, how?

3.2

Do you prefer using an oxidizing or reducing flame in gas welding of high-carbon steels?
Explain why or why not.

3.3

(a) Will decreasing welding speed help reduce weld porosity in gastungsten arc welds of
aluminum if the source of hydrogen is on the work-piece surface?
(b) What about if the source of hydrogen is in the shielding gas? Explain why or why not.

3.4

When welding rimmed steels or when doing GMAW of carbon steels using CO2 as the
shielding gas, Mn- or Si-containing electrodes are used to prevent gas porosity. Explain
why.

3.5

Austenitic stainless steels usually contain very low levels of carbon, around or below
0.05wt %.When welding stainless steels using CO2 as the shielding gas or covered
electrodes containing abundant CaCO3, the weld metal often tends to carburize. Explain
why and indicate how to avoid the problem.

3.6

It has been reported that gastungsten arc welds of aluminum made in the overhead
position tend to have a significantly higher porosity level than those made in the flat
position. Explain why.

3.7

The GTAW of pure iron with Ar5% H2 as the shielding gas showed that the weld metal
hydrogen content increased with increasing heat input per unit length of the weld. Explain
why.

3.8

Electromagnetic stirring has been reported to reduce hydrogen porosity in aluminum welds.
Explain why.

3.9

A steel container was welded by SAW with a filler wire containing 1.38% Mn and 0.05%
Si and a flux containing 11.22% SiO2 and 1.15% MnO. Is the electrode tip Mn content
expected to be greater or smaller than the wire Mn content and why? What about the Si
content?