I

Re enn e

suger

I --

-~T - :

I
-

.t ::- e-::

Fer _t OT-

Ordhog
Trenk dig om
En ten ALD
Se teksten!
Eller

-:.02

X
X

~-.:i:

-~~

t)!.

OF

Ckdio~

X
X

:.\IO :.\lana ende ord

o~

Ordsrilling

11-18

\.T

Yerbets tid

22 -24

HY

HjrelpeYerbum

25-28

YF Verbets form

29-37

cv

Uregelmressigt verbum

42-45

Kongruens

19-21

VP

Verb Pattern

38-41

SF

Substantivets form

55-60

Genitiv

61 -62

AF

Adjektivets form

46-49

AA

Adjektiv/ adverbium

50-54

UA

Ubestemt artikel

63-65

BA

Bestemt artikel

66-72

PR

Pronomen

73-80

P:.\I Prrepositionsm0nster

83-85

Prreposition

86-98

T egnsre rning

81-82

X
X
X

Jens Bagh & Jargen Hovgaard

Fejlstovsugeren

- - - - - --

- - - -

Jens Begh & Jergen Hovgaard

Fejlstovsugeren
Grammatisk ovebog i

.engelsk

Musagetes New Materials

AF

ADJEKTIVETS FORM

gradb0jning
46-47
falsk komparativ
47
st0tteord
48
en 14-arig dreng
49

AA

ADJEKTIV/
ADVERBIUM

adjektiv/ adverbium 1
adjektiv/ adverbium 2
adjektiv I adverbium 3

SF

SUBSTANTIVETS
FORM

flertal
55-57
logisk flertal
58
ut::ellelige substantiver

GENITIV

UA

UBESTEMT ARTIKEL generelt

few/little

BA

BESTEMT ARTIKEL

form og brug

I
II
III
IV

50-51
52
53-54

59-60

61-62

63-64
65

ved following/ same

66
ved most/ one
66
ved verdenshj0rner/ left-right
66
ved institutioner/ transportmidler
67-68
ved tidsafsnit/maltider
67-68
ved begreber
68-70
ved egennavne
70-71
bestemt artikel eller
possessivt pronomen
72

PR

PRONOMINER

demonstrative pronominer (this/ that)

74
it/there
some/ any
75-76
sp0rgende pronominer
77
78-80
relative pronominer

TEGNSJETNING

81 -82

73

PM

PRrEPOSITIONSM0NSTER

prreposition

+ that-sretning -

prreposition

+ infinitiv -

aldrig i livet
83-84
heller aldrig

85

PRrEPOSITIONER

tidsprrepositioner
86-87
stedsprrepositioner I
88-90
91-93
stedsprrepositioner II
stedsprrepositione III
94-95
0velser i prrepositioner ved verber, adjektiver
og substantiver
96-98

STAVNING

until/ till, to/ too, of/ off

99
y--+ie
100
konsonantfordobling
101
start begyndelsesbogstav
102

Appendix I: BROKKASSE

103
f0rst
104
as/ like
104
when/ as
det danske man
blive
106
to mean/ to think

105
107

Appendix II: ALD-0VELSER

til almindelig orientering

108
udtale0velser
108-109
.smaadverbiers placering
110
kongruens
110
verb patterns
111
adjektivers gradb0jning
112
substantivers flertal
112
stavning
112-114

Appendix III: GRAMMATIK

ordklasser og grammatiske betegnelser

sretningsanalyse
117-119
grammatiske 0velser
120-121

SVARBLADE til hyppige prrepositionsforbindelser (til kopiering)

INDEX

125-127

115-117

122-124

Forord
Engelsk fejlstevsuger udkom f0rste gang for mere end 8 ar siden. Bogen blev en 0je-

blikkelig succes, idet den revolutionerede ide en o~, hvad grammatikundervisning kunne
vrere. Ideen med en grammatisk 0vebog, der kombinerer overskuelig information med varieret 0velsesmateriale, viste sig at vrere rigtig.
Vi har igennem arene samlet sa megen erfaring, at vi nu 0nsker at g0re en god bog bedre.

Fejlstevsugeren, som den nye udgave hedder, er blevet forbedret pa f0lgende punkter:
Den er udvidet med en del nye, grammatiske problemer.
De grammatiske forklaringer er justeret. Alt eksempel- og 0velsesmateriale er revideret
eller fornyet, og 0velserne er inddelt systematisk i 3 niveauer af stigende svrerhedsgrad.
Der er sket visse rendringer i bogens struktur, hvorved opbygningen er blevet mere logisk.
Som noget helt nyt er den forsynet med et integreret rettesystem, som trrener eleven i fejlfinding, og som g0r det skriftlige rettearbejde mere meningsfyldt for bade lrerer og elev.
Lrereren retter ved hjrelp af et overskueligt an tal forkortelser (22), som bl.a. henviser til
omrader i Fejlstevsugeren. Eleven far saledes en handsrrekning, men selve opklarings- og korrektionsarbejdet overlades alligevel til eleven selv. Malet er naturligvis, at eleven skal se sine fejl i den rette sproglige sammenhreng, ikke som l0srevne bommerter.

Fejlstevsugeren trenkes anvendt sammen med Allehande og Enten Eller. Dette

trekl0ver er et system, der pa predagogisk, overskuelig og varieret made sikrer indlreringen afkorrekt engelsk, bade grammatisk og leksikalt, hvilket er en forudsretning for kommunikativ kompetence.
Bogen kan naturligvis bruges som en engangsbog, men dette er ikke n0dvendigt. Vi har
gjort det let at benytte et kladdehefte til besvarelse af opgaverne ved at forsyne samtlige
0velser og sretninger med bogstaver og numre.
Der er udarbejdet en Lrererens Bog til Fejlstevsugeren.
Tak til elever og kolleger for afpmvning af materialet. En srer lig tak skylder vi lektor Anna
Marie Lebech S0rensen for god og konstruktiv kritik.
Vejle, februar 1987

J ens B0gh og J 0rgen Hovgaard

En grammatisk handsrrekning
Har du problemer med de grammatiske begreber, kan du fa f0rstehjffilp pa denne side.
En grundigere gennemgang findes pa side 115ff.

S.IETNINGENS LED:

The man

II

had given

the man

had given
0

"

the girl

II

the girl

II

the night before

subjekt:

hvem eller hvad der udf0rer

(grundled)

verballedet

verballed:

angiver, hvad sker, er, gores

indirekte objekt:
(hensynsled)

direkte objekt:
(genstandsled)

adverbialled:
(biled)

II

II

(udsagnsled)

CJ

the night before

a kiss

angiver, hvem eller hvad

handlingen rettes imod
fortffiller, hvad manden har
givet
fortffiller noget om hvornar,
hvorfor, hvordan, hvor
handlingen foregar. (Ogsa
pri'Bpositionsforbindelser
er adverbialled)

DE VIGTIGSTE ORDKLASSER:

1) Verber

to give

angiver handling: hvad der sker/ er (der

kari sffittes at eller jeg foran)

a boy

. er navne pa ting, personer eller begreber

(der kan Sffittes en eller et foran)

(u dsagnsord)

2) Substantiver
(navneord)

3) Pronominer
(stedord)

4) Adjektiver
(tillffigsord)

5) Adverbier
(biord)

6) Prrepositioner
(forholdsord)

he/ they
somebody

bruges i stedet for et substantiv

fat/small
beautiful

fortffi ller noget ekstra om

substantiver eller pronominer

quickly
yesterday
there

fortl'eller noget ekstra om verber, adjektiver,

adverbier eller hele Sffitningen

against/on
after/ at

smaord, som i forbindelse med substantiver/

pronominer fortffiller noget om tid, sted,
arsag, af hvem, til hvem osv.
( = prffipositionsforbindelser)

OS

Subjekt- verballed
DANSK:
Lidt senere
ENGELSK: A little later

h0re eksplosionen
hear the explosion

I en del af de folgende sretninger er der fejl - ret dem! (5 fejl):

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Late one evening Jennifer heard strange sounds outsi.~i!'41."'1iP ~

Before she could turn on the light was ther
Of course she got frightened, on tj
t le,j~~~~~Mr\d;,~~ft~~M~~iWfi:@\c[ti,
Therefore thought she :ili, t s
Her heart was i
de
The
l\_{iiltllii:~Dn1~'~ owhere it seemed, heard she a loud scream which filled
her E! rt ~~

6.

Oversret folgende sretninger til engelsk:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Selvf0lgelig bes0ger mine b0rn mig engang imellem.

Sent om aftenen ringede telefonen.
Efter frokost gar jeg en tur i Central Park.
For en uge siden vandt min bror 15.000 kr. i tipning (on the pools).
Om morgenen har jeg altid for travlt til at spise noget.
Til sidst indmmmede sekretreren, at han havde lavet en fejl.
Jeg har aldrig vreret god til matematik, sagde faderen.
Den mand havde Lisa bestemt set f0r.
Hvis jeg bestemmer mig til at k0be huset, skal jeg lade Dem det vide.
Kan du huske, hvad der skete pa min f0dselsdag sidste ar?
Da Randolph vagnede dagen efter, havde han en frygtelig hovedpine (a splitting
headache).
Her i landet (In this country) har vi altid haft 0konomiske problemer.
Da festen var forbi, gik alle hjem.
Huskede du at lregge brevet i postkassen?
Da far havde brrekket benet, matte mor klare madlavningen (to do the cooking) .

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

12.
13.
14.
15.

HOV! Lagde du mrerke til sretningerne 10 + 14? Lavede du omvendt ordstilling? Ja,
selvf0lgelig! For deter jo sp0rgende hovedsretninger, hvor vi bade pa dansk og engelsk
har omvendt ordstilling.
11

OS
C(l) Oversret folgende sretninger:

Problemet med disse adverbier undgas, hvis du flytter adverbiet ind i smtningen- det
er normalt ogsa bedre engelsk!
Sjmldent har jeg hort sadan noget vrovl =I have seldom heard such nonsense
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Nmppe havde han sagt det, for han blev skudt.

Sjmldent har menneskeheden (mankind) stilet over for storre problemer.
Engang var jeg svommet for langt ud og blev reddet i sidste ojeblik.
Forst for sent opdagede han sin fejltagelse.
Ikke for sondag ville det vmre muligt at kontakte dem.
Sjmldent har en prmsident bragt sit land i en sadan situation.
Ikke sa snart var Elvis Presley dod, for hans
p)a>.:?e>7 J?)e>;v 5"6'R<'?.:?.J'e>R.:?J !J& J?e> ?'C>).J'.J'<'?&.:?).

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

I fremtiden vii aile elever fa adgang til (to have

access to) en computer.
Den historie tror jeg ikke pa. Det gor jeg heller ikke.
Ikke alene mener jeg, at atommissilerne bor opstilles
(to be deployed); antallet bor fordobles.
Aldrig sa snart var lmreren gaet, for eleverne
sprang ud ad vinduet.
Ikke alene matte direktoren ga af, han matte ogsa
gil i fmngsel.
Om sommeren er det sjmldent varmt i Danmark.
Sa snart manden var gaet, tradte elskeren ud af skabet.

C(2) Write an exciting story, using the following expressions as a frame

or as starters:
One bright morning in April ...
Soon after ...
During the night .. .
Under my bed .. .
When I woke up .. .
Not only ...
Hardly ...
Later that day ...
When the detective arrived ...
In the lift ...
I'll certainly never forget this experience!

12

OS

Not's placering
Hun sagde, at hun
She said that she

sv0mme
swim

Hun pastod, hun

She claimed she

venstreorienteret
left-wing

Oversret f0lgende sretninger:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Pigen rabte, at hun ikke ville komme ned fra taget.

Hun lovede, at hun ikke ville g0re det igen.
Drengene pastod, at de ikke kunne vide, at det var ulovligt.
Jim sagde, at forreldrene ikke havde vreret hjemme hele natten.
Kaptajnen pastod, at han ikke kunne sejle ud af havnen i det stormvejr.

OBS: Englrenderne er mere logiske end danskerne, nar det drejer sig om placeringen af
nregtelsen i udtryk med haber ikke:
Jeg haber ikke, at hun er d0d =I hope that she is not dead
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Vi haber ikke, at han bliver vred.

Politiet forklarede, at de ikke kunne g0re noget.
Jeg haber ikke, at du kommer for sent til (to miss) toget.
Jill siger, at hun ikke er sikker pa, at de har ret.
Forbryderen Mbede ikke, at han ville blive fanget, f0r han naede grrensen.
Han f0lte, at han ikke kunne l0be lrengere, selv om bj0rnen var lige efter ham.
Sa rna vi ikke habe, at han svigter OS.

Pigen ril.bte, athunikkevillekommened

fra taget.

13

OS

Adverbiernes placering I
Smaadverbier
De vigtigste smaadverbier er:
always
often
usually
generally

sometimes
seldom
rarely
never

ever
also
actually
certainly

rather
nearly
really
soon

just
hardly
scarcely
almost

De p!aceres:

NB: Am/ is/ are/ was / were rna ikke skilles fra subjektet:
She said that she was often ill
X

Hun sagde, at hun tit var syg

X

She complained that she was always tired

X

Hun klagede over, at hun altid var tn:et

X

lndsret adverbiet paden rigtige plads i sretningen:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

He makes a fool of himself (always).

She fell off the ladder (nearly) .
I go to the pictures (hardly ever).
The captain knew that he could lose his ship (actually).
We shall go to the seaside tomorrow (certainly) .
Even a teacher makes mistakes (sometimes).
The boss arrives at 10 a.m. and leaves before 6 p.m. (generally-rarely).
I know that she has been through a rotten time (just).
At the police station the man admitted that he had been drunk (soon-probably).
They claimed that spaceships had landed on their lawn (often-actually) .
He said that his wife had understood him (usually-never).
On her birthdays he forgot to bring her flowers (seldom) .

14

OS
B

Oversret folgende sretninger:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

J eg haber virkelig, at mine forreldre aldrig kommer hjem.

Han troede bestemt, at hans fejltagelse snart ville vrere glemt.
Lrerlingen (the apprentice) erklrerede, at han altid havde gjort sit bedste.
Hun opdagede aldrig sandheden om sin mands skrebne.
Her i familien (In our ... ) ryger vi sjreldent cigaretter.
Rektor fortalte ofte drengen, at han virkelig matte tage sig sammen.
Mandskabet (the crew) folte sommetider, at de stod ansigt til ansigt med doden.
Jeg haber sandelig, at min kone snart vii vende hjem fra sin forretningsrejse.
J eg foler tit, at bornene snart vil tage livet af mig (to be the death of me).
Min mor siger altid, at min lillebror aldrig er uartig.
Haner nresten altid i vanskeligheder.
Jeg siger bare, at han snart vil komme i frengsel.
Lrererne siger ogsa, at han sjreldent er i skole.
Politiet hrevder, at de faktisk har grebet ham pa fersk gerning (in the act).
Han har tit lovet, at han aldrig igen ville bega butikstyverier (be guilty of shoplifting) .

Write your own short story:

You must use at least 10 of the adverbs at the top of page 14.
Title: A short account of my summer holidays in ...

Adverbiernes placering II
Madesadverbier
Madesadverbier fortreller os noget om verbet:
He walked thoughtfully down the road
The child had opened the door quietly
He shouted angrily at his audience

15

Indsret madesadverbierne pa den rigtige plads i sretningen:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

He lived for another ten years (happily).

The man screamed when he ran down the street (hysterically - quickly).
The general told them to face the situation (courageously) .
The ambulance drove away from the scene of the accident (carefully).
The funeral procession moved through the cemetery (solemnly).
He walked up the hill (quickly) .
He may not be too bright but he can work with his hands (well).
The boy pronounced the word (badly).
She had to lean against his shoulder (hea~ily).
Though the manager was impatient,
he answered all questions (calmly) .
She speaks Russian (fluently).
The shop assistant answered when I
asked him where I could find the
spices (curtly-politely).
The girl played the concerto by
Mozart on the clarinet
(beautifully).

8.
9.
10.

11.
12.

13.

Oversret falgende sretninger:

Bemrerk: H vis et adverbium bliver langt og klodset pa engelsk, kan du med fordel
opl0se det og lave en prrepositionsforbindelse. Dette grelder altid, nar

adjektivet i forvejen ender pa -ly (f.eks. friendly, silly, lovely).

She said with a smile
You behave in a silly way

1.
2.

Drengen vendte sig stolt mod sin mor og sagde: Se,jeg har malet hele mit vrerelse.
Forreldrene kiggede bedmvet pa deres datter, som surmulende (sulkily) sad og stirrede ud ad vinduet.
3. Han fors0gte tavst at snige sig forbi soldaterne.
4. Vaserne blev omhyggeligt pakket i kasser.
5. Han greb akavet (awkwardly) pigens hand uden at turde kigge pa hende.
6. Hun hilste venligt pa ham, selvom hun hadede ham inderst inde.
7. Jim serverede smilende sin hjemmebagte kage for sin svigermor.
8. Hun gispede rredselslagen, da hun sa en m0rk skygge uden for vinduet.
9. Moderen kiggede krerligt pa sin nyf0dte s0n.
10. Lrereren spurgte overrasket, om Peter selv havde skrevet den stil (composition).
11. Hun protesterede h0jlydt, da hun sa regningen.
12. Han fortalte bittert historien om sine oplevelser i frengslet.

16

OS
C

Oversret folgende sretninger:

(Der er eksempler pa bade smaadverbier og madesadverbier)

Sammenlign sretningerne:
She talked naturally about her husband's death
She naturally talked a lot about the accident
Placeret efter verbet fungerer naturally som et rent madesadverbium (pa en naturlig made). Placeret for verbet bliver det til et sretningsadverbium (= naturligvis)!
En del andre adverbier skifter funktion afhrengig afplacering i sretningen: fx clearly,
simply, wisely.

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Han forklarede kortfattet problemet for sine folk.

Forfatteren beskrev melankolsk sine barndomserindringer.
Hun smilede altid lykkeligt ved tanken om deres lille hemmelighed.
Han rejste sig modigt op for at m0de sin vrerste fjende.
Drengen svarede sjreldent pa de sp0rgsmal, lrererne stillede.
Lenin blev smuglet ind i Rusland i hemmelighed (secretly) i 1917.
Jeg burde nok have svaret ham mere spontant.
Den tykke dreng accepterede godmodigt kammeraternes drilleri.
Drengene undlod (to refrain from) klogt at svare pa politibetjentens sp0rgsmal.
Protestanterne i Nordirland pastar sommetider bittert, at de bliver svigtet afregeringen i London.

Adverbiernes placering III

Lrengere adverbielle udtryk
Lrengere udtryk placeres bedst:

Indsret de adverbielle udtryk pa den rigtige plads i sretningen:

1.

When he caught sight of her in the yard, he whistled shrilly (a moment later).
We regret to inform you that we cannot help you today (due to a shortage of staff).
If you want to return the books, you are welcome to do so (for some reason).
When he returned to his desk, somebody had removed all his papers (after lunch).
The salesman tried to talk me into buying a new car (for hours on end) .

2.
3.
4.
5.

17

OS
B

Indsret adverbiet pa den rigtige plads i sretningerne:

(Der er eksempler pa smaadverbier/ madesadverbier/ lange adverbier)

1.

She makes a nuisance of herself (often).

If you cannot come, please phone me (for some reason).
I advised him to face the situation (courageously).
When the doctor returned, the patient had left (a few minutes later).
My stepfather has been very kind to me (always).
The match would have been won if (never) .
The match would have been won if (easily).
The car had stopped when the policemen jumped out (hardly).
After the operation he lived for another 2 years (intensely).
She said that her husband was out of town on business (frequently).
She asked him if he would give her a new hat (imploringly-ever).

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

000

000

Oversret folgende sretninger:

(Der er eksempler pa aile tre typer adverbier)

1.
2.
3.
4.

Hun har sandsynligvis, siden vi sa hende sidst, kobt en ny og bedre bil.

Da vi sidste efterar var pa ferie i Tyskland, brod bilen sammen.
Hvis jeg af en eller ancien grund kommer for sent, skal du ikke blive nervos.
Sonnen lovede hojtideligt, at han, nar han havde vundet prinsessen og det halve
kongerige, ville skrive et postkort hjem.
Da sosteren 40 ar senere vendte hjem, var broderen dod.
Journalisten rejste ofte til Spanien. Dahan en lummer (sultry) eftermiddag sidste
ar ankom til Madrids lufthavn med flyveren fra Kobenhavn, blev han imidlertid
virkelig overrasket over varmen.
Lastbilchaufforen sagde, at han lrengere he nne ad vejenhavde set noget, der faktisk
havde lignet en love.
Han matte uvilligt indromme, at han 2 ar tidligere havde siddet i frengsel.
Man siger, at slagteren ofte er dyrere end supermarkedet, men undersogelser (surveys) viser faktisk, at det sjreldent er tilfreldet.
Drengene lyttede opmrerksomt, mens bandelederen ivrigt gav sine ordrer.
Vidnet ville kun modvilligt fortrelle, hvad hun havde set om natten.
N aboen havde tit sagt, at han aldrig ville lane mig sin elektriske plreneklipper. Han
troede tydeligvis, at jeg hurtigt ville odelregge den.
Hun vidste, at der blandt gresterne var en morder- men hvem?

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

S0nnen lovede h0jtideligt, at han, nar han havde vundet prinsessen og det halve kongerige,.ville skrive et postkort hjem.

18

Kongruens
Overensstemmelse mellem subjekt og verballed
ENTAL
Et subjekt kan sta i 1. person
Et subjekt kan sta i 2. person:
Et subjekt kan sta i 3. person:

"if"~-

~1'fto~r~-

--.

- .

--

FLERTAL

we
you
they, the boys
two girls
the dor;.c; . hats
people

. -

~ ::~[~i~:~~~-a"\(i:J_tfut;,l~CW'<"U- I_W'(rt;@~ G:i.Jrit::fk; r..&~.r,__D ta.bt~~]9-~i \:).(~!A~\t .f. Jl_~~~~<1~ __ _

~)~t:~~~~~ -;v:t~!:fgxw:zz!~~-~~i iJ/l~ -~> ).r}it~lts.~J:~i~J~~~{; 0~~-rr~}i?IIl~~'Z~'1\- LtT!YrJj;(:,i;'J;*~-~--

3. person
ental

SUBJEKT

VERBALLED

the dog
she
John
everybody

barks
smiles
goes
wishes

3. person ental
nutid

ALTSA: Verber tilf0jer -(e)s i ental (3. person nutid)

Substantiver tilf0jer -(e)s i flertal (three boys)
Du rna derfor aldrig tilf0je -(e)s bade til subjekt og til verballed!

A( I) Vrelg den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

We all (know/ knows) how to spell the word beautiful.

Many girls (is/ are) not interested in soccer.
My old mother still (live/ lives) in Vej le.
He (don't/ doesn't) know which answer (is/ are) correct.
You (don't/ doesn't) know what you are talking about.
I often (say/ says) something that I (don't/doesn't) mean.
The Johnsons next door (is/ are) noisy people.
(Is/ are) the zebra black with white stripes or white with black stripes?
The teacher, not his pupils, (was/ were) absent.
Did you say that you (were/ was) interested in coming along?
My children (loves/ love) going to school.
Her husband (is/ are) quite often on the run from the police.
The women in the village (work/ works) in the fields all day.
You (was/ were) fast asleep, (wasn't/weren't) you?
Milk (is/ are) healthy for most people, (isn't/ aren't) it?
Smoking (is/ are) not allowed in the museum.

19

A(2) Vrelg den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:

1.
2.
3,
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

There (is/ are) too many children in this class.

Everybody (is/ are) now present.
Anyone fjsJ are) abJe to te]J you the right answer.
There (is/ are) some truth in what you (say/ says) .
There (wasn't/ weren't) anybody in the house.
Something (tell/ tells) me that everybody (has/ have) left.
Everybody (knows/ know) that women (is/ are) superior to men.
What (do/ does) the expression anything (go/ goes) mean?
Nobody (knows/ know) the trouble I (have/ has) seen.
(Does/ do) everybody know where we (are/is) going to meet this afternoon?
Buying heroin (has/ have) become far too easy in big cities.

V relg den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:

1.

People (have/ has) generally grown taller since the Middle Ages.
Where (is/ are) the money you gave me?
Somebody somewhere (has/ have) said that no news (is/ are) good news.
My dad (make/ makes) bicycles that (run/ runs) forever.
I met some ghosts who (was/ were) very kind and helpful.
There (was/ were) many people on the beach.
The news (was/ were) terrifying.
The people who (buy/ buys) Christmas presents now (is/ are) silly.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

20

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

The furniture (was/ were) thrown out of the window.

Most of the money (was/ were) spent on wine and women.
Everybody (keep/keeps) telling me to study harder.
All the people that (was/ were) present (was/ were) merely onlookers.
All the information he could offer (was/ were) of no use.
The police (believe/ believes) that the man has gone into hiding.
Normalt skyldes fejl i kongruens manglende omtanke, men i den f0lgende 0velse
skal du arbejde med eksempler, hvor du skal trenke dig om!

V relg den mest korrekte form af verbet i parentesen og begrund!

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

The herd (was/ were) running in all directions.

A number of passengers (was/ were) hurt in the accident.
My granddad, who (is/ are) now dead, (was/ were) quite a famous general.
The Liverpool team (has/ have) won the Cup once again.
The Government (have/ has) done everything possible.
The Government (was/ were) discussing the issue throughout the night.
I visited Madame Tussaud's, which (is/ are) fascinating but indeed expensive!
Some (love/loves) dogs, but nobody (love/loves) frogs.
A lot of children (was/were) evacuated from London during the war.
A lot of sand (was/ were) brought by lorry.
Where (is/ are) all the milk? Well, some (was/ were) spilt and I drank the rest.
The Tower of London and St. Paul's Cathedral (is/ are) the most impressive places
to visit in London. A lot of tourists (visit/visits) them every year.
The news of the recent disaster (has/ have) been a shock to most people.
The castle (is/ are) haunted by ghosts, or so people (say/ says).
Some of the money (was/ were) lost because of bad planning, some (was/ were) lost
because of bad management.
All the sights in London which (is/ are) worth seeing (is/ are) included in the tour.
The Sad Sisters (is/ are) a strange film.

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

21

VT

V erbets tider
had lived

has lived

lived

lives

will live

F0RDATID

F0RNUTID

DATID

NUTID

FREMTID

Tiderne bruges stort set som pa dansk og voider derfor sjreldent problemer:
NUTID

DATID

F0RNUTID

F0RDATID

FREMTID

bruges om noget, der sker, ger sig greldende nu eller altid:

He has a cold
They have beautiful mountains in Switzerland
bruges om noget, der skete engang i fortiden, uden forbindelse med nutiden:
The fire broke out in the basement
bruges om noget, der er sket i fortiden, men som stadig
har gyldighed i nutiden:
Who has written this rubbish on the blackboard?
bruges om noget, der var sket fer no get andet skete (ses i
forhold til datid):
I had forgotten all about him until I met him yesterday
bruges om noget, der vii ske i fremtiden:
The President will give a press conference tomorrow

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Hun gjorde altid, hvad manden sagde.

Soldaten horte sergenten rabe og vidste, hvad han skulle gore.
Han ville ikke have protesteret, hvis politibetjenten ikke havde provokeret ham.
J eg havde kobt en lejlighed i London, men da jeg ankom til by en, fandt jeg ud af, at
srelgeren havde snydt mig.
Hun horte en lyd bag sig og folte, at der hele dagen havde vreret nogen, der fulgte efter hende.
De onskede at flytte til et storre hus. De havde faet 5 born mere, og det var lrenge siden, at der havde vreret plads til dem all e. Men de vidste ikke, hvor de skulle fa pengene fra.
J eg har vreret oppe hele na tten, sa j eg er meget sovnig.
J eg har engang boet i Australien, men deter sa lrenge siden, at jeg ikke k?n huske
det.
Hvornar har du kobt den rredselsfulde kjole?
Du kommer for sent! Klokken har ringet for 10 minutter siden.

5.
6.

7.

8.
9.
10.

22

VT

Fremtid 1

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

M0det skal starte kl. 9.30.

Jeg skal have en lille, fortalte hun ham.
Han skulle aldrig se sine b0rn igen.
J eg skulle lige til at lase d0ren, da der l0d et skrig.
H vad skal vi have til frokost?
De var pa nippet til at opgive alt hab.
Du skal komme til at fortryde de ord.
Vi skal ud at spise i aften.
If0lge planen skal vi flyve hele vejen til Dublin, hvor vi sa skalleje en bil.
Hvad vil du have at drikke?
Vi skal rejse til Skotland i morgen.
Prresidenten skal m0des med sine radgivere i morgen.
De var lige ved at abne ild, da de opdagede, at det ikke var fjenden, der angreb.

Be careful with your English:

A Frenchman was bathing in the Thames. Suddenly he beca~e frightened and shouted,
Help, Help! I will drown, and nobody shall help me!
The onlookers were surprised and one of them shouted, Do you really want to die, or shall
we help you?

Pas pa oversrettelsen af skal/skulle og vii/ville : Se under hjrelpeverber s. 28.

23

VT

Fremtid 2
J eg kommer i morgen = I shall come tomorrow
Jeg siger ikke noget =I shan't say anything
2:!.....:_~_;,: --~__:_~.~L

~::.r

:...&_.._s_,_ ,:_-

!.u__;._~_~:J-=--"-t

_;:_..

-=.~_:_.,_~ -..:. ._ ~ _.: _~,.. _:- __ ~t~

_:

-_~_-__ .2_._ -~---- :_:_ __ _::: \ ---- -_ _:_~~--

__,_::_t._

-;_~ ,;.~sl

_,

._._.::_,.._

:.

,!.._

'---= --

-~-'-.;~-'-

._

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Renter du dine forreldre ved stationen i morgen?

Han taler i morgen ved konferencen.
Jeg tror, jeg falder i s0vn under det foredrag.
Min far sover om dagen og arbejder om natten.
Hun bliver glad for at se dig.
Datteren ringer til sin ven hver dag, sa forreldrene haber, at de snart gifter sig.
Jeg er sikker pa, at han er her om en time.

Oversret:

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
24

Vi vinder jo aldrig denne kamp.

Vi kan ikke vide det, f0r kampen er forbi .
Hvis I l0ber ind pa fodboldbanen, f0r kampen er frerdig, smider dommerenjer ud.
Toget k0rer kl. 11.00.
J eg lover dig, at jeg ikke g0r det.
Jeg rna tale med dig, f0r min mand kommer hjem.
Hvad sker der i morgen, hvis vi gar i strejke?
Hvornar rejser du til London?
Hvor mange kommer der til din f0dselsdag pa s0ndag?
Vi plaffer ham ned, sa snart han trreder ind ad d0ren.
Jeg ringer ikke til hende, f0r hun har sagt undskyld.
Buschauff0rerne strejker sikkert, nar vi kommer til London.
Hvis vi tjener penge nok, k0ber viet slot i Spanien om et par 8.r.

HV

Hjrelpeverber
I to be/ to have/ to do
1) FORM:
Hjrelpeverberne be/ have/ do har alle 4 hovedformer:

navnemade
(to) be
nutid
(he) is
datid
(he) was
kort tillregsform (he has) been

(to) have
(he) has
(he) had
(he has) had

(to) do
(he) does
(he) did
(he has) done

2) BRUG:
De 3 hjrelpeverber bruges som hjrelp til at danne:
passiv
udvidet tid
fernutid
ferdatid
do-omskrivning

BE
+ kort tillregsform:
BE
+ ing-form:
HAVE + kort tillregsform:
DO

infintitiv

he is killed
he is working
he has worked
he had worked
did he work?

NB: Kort tillregsform af to happen staves happen~!

I've met all sorts of worms in my life, but this one beats them all!

25

HV
A

Streg det forkerte hjrelpeverbum i parentesen:

vv e \'have) are) just return eo hom ~outh. A.'ii1ca.

2.
It (had/ was) never happened before.
3.
My school bag (has/is) disappeared.
4.
They (have/ are) never at home in the evenings.
5.
My daughter (has/is) gone to Israel to work in a kibbutz.
6.
John (had/ was) been accused of espionage during the war .
7.
Nuclear power (has/ is) a dangerous source of energy.
8.
My friend (had/ was) gone to bed when I called him.
9.
Many trees in German forests (have/ are) died because of air pollution.
10. 20 soldiers (had/ were) been shot during the attack.
11. Peter (had/ was) very unhappy because hjs dog (had/ was) djsappeared.
12. The thieves (did/ had) not find anything worth stealing.
13. He (did/ had) not know what (had/ was) happened.
14. All classes (had/ were) been cancelled because of the bomb scare.
15. The witness (was/ had) died under suspicious circumstances.
l.

II can/ may / must/ will/ shall/ ought to

Modalverber
1) FORM:

r.

";

'~-

-,- T

'

'-

'

[:-~l~~:~?r: -~-~H1:):-f=~~~"r:~?Jfht~~!i1$!;:)&i'i1>'~.Q1d, :O,~~,,~t'-':Yr\~f\:-iD'r\21 c~:~}t~1~1l~it1fi"\1fh~f.,_

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<

_,.

--

~J.~}~~~j\-i<~~{t'@ _1$)(~ ~\J}J.i'i>~~FV~'i~~~l1 !,iilftiJ~~- fff:) ":Dsy;:!TGJf'i\'oi

..

c.

.
_
.
~~~H-mw:ws,t~ij~~--ff:j);fl-p)!ft1T!'B.I,)'))(F:)J}:o;~ru~~11.~-r~10 ;y,~1:1~ . :. . . :,:- .

. _.

<

"i

!7ii)'F:~t:?:~w::r(~rw_\j}f-~1}3~li:~}~;~-,'t1@,:r1sll)J&~Rl.'LID"]J1Vri1.]Xt\IW@:;-.t~~1~~~J1i;f!~~'i:l'JF:i}:rt~~;.~
~ __ .:-"il!\0]'/(~l)i1~1-~J_TI~~)1~JJS~~~~~~~t:~TI:~1}~n4t!1~~--,
-.
ct

~. .
- "i!J:TIWJ"f:)~'flfhfi:~, . '~f.l;in\l@ - -J.i)t'\~ t}Jp!
- --~~!1JJjjJ~~~~~)]II:t - -{f~_t~11:;. . '}i~}i,~ :[ift'\:t' 1[;,) ~ -(~;1f); .
Gti.rful ~
Jfh:),"\l)~l~@ ,~1Jl~ ;i\t) , ,
-~~i~~?~ ~ "ko}:b~ .;;'ht}a)~tt:J~~ .\rrt1 _;s'r{t)f
ffg"l}l4blt :(:hfl~} 'Jrtri1~c~111:wW1 iFD
f ~'f ;;_:;.
--,k~ .lr~"tWit\GJ
.i~{i[ft.':IJ
:T0flit,:<tl~r:xd :~c1
_;(}):;l~l'f~-'T(al JF.c)
~.L-i~~\tt~lti' :~e1 \h:1'n:,; lRe),
~ly:\~l
.:{1}1~Ysitc}-~l'~1~1} ~~wl ''k!~

l-~i_ffl:~;
-:\-c.~--~-:.,)
(~'!:~~11it~,

~t;~1toi~ '~r1

'!-~il}

;f'e}]~t~ \~})S_f~yci)' 2 !!Xff~h!

~,~~nr@1_

:ii<:!~ltJ :;f(~; ..

-,(ti-1:'1~ ;llh1~Ji~~tl~C1

.. {Q}Y11~
!~~~f1-~eilri}j~~]'~ ii[~Y,_

Oversret - pas nu pa at bruge den rigtige FORM af modalverbet:

1.

Du skulle ikke bruge (to spend) alle dine penge pa film og plader.
Mine forreldre sagde, at jeg gerne matte holde fest, mens de var pa ferie.
Efter den affrere har John aldrig villet gifte sig.
Direkt0ren har mattet sende resten af arbejderne hjem pa grund af strejken.
Hvis jeg havde kunnet finde adressen, ville jeg have skrevet til dig.
Mr. Close har aldrig villet snakke med sine naboer.
Han har mattet srelge sin bil.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6
7.

26

HV
Eleverne vil ikke kunne forsta problemet, hvis du ikke hjrelper dem.
Min bror har altid villet gaud at fiske alene, men har aldrig mattet for vores forrel-

_o.

dle.
J eg har ikke mattet lane bilen, lige siden jeg lavede en bule i skrermen (to dent the
mudguard) .

2 BETYDNING af CAN/ MAY / MUST:

Problemet med disse 3 verber er, at de ofte kan erstatte hinanden i tilsyneladende parallelle sretninger, men da altid med nuanceforskelle (mere eller mindre h0fligt, etc.) :
Can I have another cup of tea, please? (dagligdags, uden omsv0b)
May I have another cup of tea, please? (h0fligt)
Could I have another cup of tea, please? (lidt h0fligere)
You must not play in the street (kraftigt for bud)
You may not see the late night film on TV! (mindre kraftigt forbud / afslag pa foresp0rgsel)

B(l) Oversret folgende sretninger:

1.
J eg ved, at du kan klatre op i telefonmasten, men du rna ikke.
2.
Du rna arbejde hardere, hvis du 0nsker at besta eksamen.
3.
Ma jeg ga i biografen?
4.
Italien rna da vinde mesterskabet med det fantastiske hold.
5.
Man kan godt fare vild i Lake Distrikt, hvis man ikke passer pa.
6.
Skal du af sted sa tidligt (soon)?
7.
Han kunne ikke na til Brighton i tide.
8.
Han gar maske ikke i skole lrengere.
9.
Kan jeg lane bilen i aften?
10. Det rna have vreret en stor hval, der kunne sluge Jonas.
11. Det ville maske vrere klogere at tage paraply med.
12. Du siger, at bygningen derovre maske er Parlamentet, men vores lrerer siger, at det
rna vrere Royal Festival Hall. Det kan ikke vrere begge dele.

27

HV

3) Oversrettelse af SKAL/ SKULLE og VIL/ VILLE:

SKALISKULLE:

VIL/VILLE:

B(2) Oversret:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

28

Din mor siger, at du skal g0re rent pa vrerelset.

Jeg vil ikke have, at du kommer i aften.
Han skulle g0re det pa den made, hvis han ville
l0se problemet, sagde faderen.
Han er specialist, sa han skulle vide det.
Vil du have te eller kaffe?
J a tak, jeg vil gerne have en bolle mere.
Du skulle ikke gaud, nar du stadig er syg.
Vil du virkelig bruge dine penge til det pjat?
Bare du ville lytte til din mor.
Du skal ikke kritisere hende, hvis du ikke kan
g0re det bedre selv.

Verb form
""ERB FORM behandler 3 former for sammensatte verber pa de felgende
sider:
1.

2.

3.
4.

have

+ HOVEDVERBUM
+ kort tillregsform:

do

+ navnemade

HJ.tELPEVERBUM

can
may
must
shall
will
ought to

}+

navnemiide

he has worked
he had worked
did he work?
he did not work
you must
remember this.

Indsret de rigtige former af verberne i parenteserne:

1.

The local police would ..... to call in Scotland Yard (to have).
He could not find her because she had .... in the grass (to hide).
Did you ........ to the concert last night? (to go).
Susan had not ........ to return the books to the library (to remember).
They asked me what had ......... (to happen).
Something might still ........ though she did not ..... much hope (happen-ha e).
You must ....... heard the explosion last night? (to have).
Have you ....... any news about the hijacking? (to hear).
They might as well have .... killed in the accident (to be).
Did you .... .. .. .. that he was ......... by a horse last night (to know-to kick).
When she awoke she was surprised that she could have ...... at all after the shockir:g
news (to sleep).
Would he ......... anything in the morning? (to remember).
Have you .... .... your parents that you didn't .... ... to school yesterday? (to tell-tOP'O .
How could you ...... anything when you were unconscious? (feel).
He would ...... to brush his teeth before he left (to have) .
She didn't ....... any pain (to feel) .

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

VF

DO-omskrivning 1: not-sretninger
Lres felgende eksempler:
a)
b)
c)
d)

I cannot fly as fast as you can

You don't work half as hard as I do
I never said anything of the kind
She didn't do her exercises

NB:

I hvilke sretninger er
der
do-omskrivning?
}

+ do-omskrivning i sretninger med never:

He never knows the answers

Lav felgende sretninger om til nregtende sretninger:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Red Indians live in India.

They have been treated well by the white man.
When the immigrants landed, they let the Indians keep their land.
The Red Indians would sell their land.
The white man took all the land by force.
The Indians won many of the battles during the Indian Wars.
The Indians started the massacre at Wounded Knee.
Wounded Knee is the bloodiest battle in history.
General Custer behaved gentlemanly towards the Indians.
This battle will be forgotten soon.
Today the young Indians want to forget the past.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs tries to help the Indians.
Many young Indians want to move back to the reservations.

Bemrerk de almindelige sammentrrekninger med NOT:

can'twon't
don't
haven't
aren't
doesn't
isn't
wouldn't
hasn't
couldn't
mustn't
didn't
hadn't
shan't
wasn't
weren't
mightn't
shouldn't

(=will

(= shall not)

OBS: Sammentrrekninger her kun bruges i direkte tale:

He said, I won't come =He said that he would not come.

30

not~

VF

DO-omskrivning 2: sporgende sretninger

re s f0lgende sretninger. Find ud af, i hvilke sretninger der er brugt do-omskrivning:
~

ft

Did you see the film on TV?

e) What film did they show last night?

Do you often watch TV?

f) Who thought it was a good film?

Have you paid your TV licence?

g) How many of your classmates saw it?

Must you watch TV night and day?

/:,.

Write down 10 questions and ask one of your classmates to answer

them:
(Ask about anything: home, brothers and sisters, hobbies, likes and dislikes, etc.).

B(l) Oversret falgende sretninger:

1.
Regnede det meget i jeres ferie?
Har du fortalt dine forreldre om dine problemer?
2.
3.
Kender du adressen?
4.
Hvor gammel er dine soskende?
5.
H vorfor drikker J eppe?
6.
Er du god til fransk?
7.
Star han op hver dag kl. 5?
8.
Hvem fortalte dig om ulykken?
9.
Forstar du sporgsmalet?
10. Hvor mange mennesker stemte paden nye kandidat?
11. Bor jeg ogsa komme til modet?
12. Ma jeg lane bilen i aften?
B(2) Oversret den falgende episode:
Politiundersagelse
Hvad hedder De? Hvor borDe? Hvad bestiller De? Er De gift? Hvor mange born har De?
Korer De ofte pa cykel (to ride a bike) uden lygte? ... Ah, kun om natten! Ved De ikke, at
deter forbudt? ... H vad sagde De? H vern har sagt, at en prrest gerne rna kore uden hrender
(without holding on to the handlebars)? Kender De ikke frerdselsreglerne (traffic regulations)? Hva'be'ha'r? (I beg your pardon)? ... Er Vorherre Deres skytsengel? Hvor er han
nu? Pa stangen (the cross-bar)?! Er De ikke klar over, at deter ulovligt? Ved De ikke, at 2
voksne pa en cykel er strengt forbudt!?

31

VF

Udvidet tid/simpel tid?

SIMPELTID

UDVIDETTID

What are you doing?

I am writing a letter
Look, it is raining now

He walks down that street every

morning
The sun sets in the west

He was running down the street

with a fierce dog at his heels
The last time I saw him, my uncle
was dying

Did you listen to the news this morning?

He ran after the thief but he
couldn't catch him
My uncle died last year

Mrs Smith was working at her desk

while her husband was cooking

He woke up and got out of bed.

Then he dressed and fell down the
stairs

<' - c~:rkp.~;; .~
: [~r~/!

-.~.~,;j~-~~-~

c! ~'0~

i-~~'

li.:.

;,_tt~t-1~'. r ~-~-, 1:~~F~;:~'

,\f

,,\-L:'~-tt;'lr

:1f11,rt.lfl".",~

-~,r-r\o_ ~-!~ :c:~Yr-, t ,, ~f.t~

-L-;~~,-f, ~ d'f"':{~~:~~

. r;

:o'u!:,:~.-;-:\f(:... t ~:.t-'lt"~"'-fr!l-rr-~-l-:::\EJ~.

~~<-;'::1 T.~)-, -~: .s~~-~--r~~ >f';t --:-~r. ft'('i~"\ 'r"'-~~-ll~t-t~~ .:-.1~rlt.

The man was watching TV when the light suddenly went out
While they were crossing the lake, a storm broke out

32

VF
_ 1 Lav sretninger til folgende illustrationer:
1

A(2) Streg den forkerte form af verbet ud:

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
-13.

He (enjoyed/ was enjoying) a quiet meal when his wife turned up.
She (washes/is washing) her hair twice a week.
Alex Smith (worked/ was working) in the garden while his son (painted/ was painting) the woodwork.
Whenever I (see/am seeing) that film, it (cheers/is cheering) me up.
Have you (heard/been hearing) the news?
Sorry! I haven't the time. I (am trying/try) to think of something.
Believe it or not, she (washes/is washing) her hair for the third time this week!
Usually we (get/ are getting) up at 6 o'clock in the morning.
Their son (slept/was sleeping) when they called even though it was late.
When we woke up, the birds (sang/ were singing)and the sun (shone/ was shining).
The au pair girl (watched/ was watching) carefully while the children (played/ were
playing) near the lake.
The last time I saw him he (chased/ was chasing) a girl on the beach.
Come right in. I Uust watch/ am just watching) television; I (don't do/ am not doing)
anything important.
33

=
VF
B

Oversret folgende sretninger:

Bemrerk: Dansk har ogsa en slags udvidet tid:
Vcereved at .. ./vcere ifcerdmed at .../ga og (feje) .. ./ligge og .. ./sidde og ..
Han er ved at strikke en sweater = He is knitting a sweater
Han sidder og lceser
= He is/ sits reading
Han sad og sa fjernsyn kan overscettes pa to mader:
He sat watching TV
He was watching TV

men ikke: He fEJts>jt!B!I~ watching TV

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
f(J.

11.

Han sad og lmste lektier, da det bankede pa dmen.

Joan kunne h0re naboens hund, der g0ede hele natten.
Da drengen kom ned til stranden, sa han, at forceldrene var ude at SV0mme.
Om fredagen bes0ger jeg normalt mine forceldre, som bor ude pa landet.
Arbejderne sad og diskuterede deres nye chef.
Papeg0jen f10j rundt i stuen, mens katten 18 pa lur (to lie in wait) bag sofaen.
Mens vi kftJrte pa Ml, standsede trafikken pludselig. Vi fandt ud af, at detvar, fordi
de reparerede vejen.
Han var ved at male vinduerne, da han faldt ned af stigen.
Gcessene gik og grcessede pa den gr0nne mark.
Kun s.Krev mange eiigte, mens nun var ung.
Hvorfor kalder du pa mig? Du kan da se, at jeg er ved at skifte batterier pa mit ur.

G~:e s sene

gik og

gr~:essede

pa den gr0nne mark.

B(2) Streg den forkerte form af verbet ud:

Paul (was needing/ needed) advice and money all the time. Therefore he often (went/ was
going) to see his elder brother. The latter had just (been moving/ moved) into a friend' s
house where he (stayed/ was staying) now. Paul's new car (drew/ was drawing) up outside
the house, and he (got/was getting) out when he thought he heard a strange sound from the
engine. For a moment he (stood/ was standing) listening on the pavement. He wondered if
he (was stopping/ had stopped) outside the right house. Outside the house next door a man
(was mowing/ mowed) his lawn while his son (was mending/ mended) the roof. Paul
(talked/ was talking) to the man when the door suddenly (was being opened/ was opened) .
His brother had (heard/ been hearing) his voice, and now he (asked/ was asking) him t o
come right in. A nice smell (came/ was coming) from the kitchen where his wife (cooked/
was cooking) dinner.
34

VF
C

Oversret folgende sretninger:

Pas pa de 3 verber to lie/ to sit/to stand, hvor
SIMPEL T ID udtrykker handling/ rendring
UDVIDET TID beskriver en tilstand
He lay down = han lagde sig ned
He was lying down = han la ned

BEMfERK, at vi ofte finder udvidet tid i forbindelse med always/ constantly I

forever, hvor det sa antyder irritation:

Oh, I'm always forgetting people's names
My wife is forever losing her keys
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Hun lagde signed pa sengen og grred.

Vand koger ved 100 celcius.
Solen varved at ga ned bag bjerget, og Al var i frerd med at lave sin aftensmad, da
stilheden blev brudt af et h0jt br0l.
Hvorfor tager du din frakke pa? Deter ikke koldt udenfor.
Tror du virkelig pa alt, hvad der star i avisen?
Roman en handler om en dreng, der finder en fugl, som han trrener hver dag. T il slut
drreber storebroderen imidlertid fuglen.
Hvem ejer den gamle cykel, som har staet uden for vores hus i 3 maneder?
Hej med dig! Vi snakkede netop om dig forleden dag. H vordan gar det? Arbejder du
stadig hos Jones? Sa vidt jeg husker, var du ved at lede efter et andet job.
Jeggik ned pagadenfor atse, hvadpolitietlavede. Der havde abenbartvreretetindbrud, og de var i gang med at udsp0rge vidnerne.
Han sad og kiggede ud ad vinduet, da han fik 0je paden flyvende tallerken.
Da vi ankom til stationen, stod mine forreldre og ventede pa mig.
William taler altid om piger, men sa snart han m0der en, stikker han af.
Dajeg stod og kiggede pa dine plader, sajeg, at du havde den sidste med The Snookers. Ma jeg lane den?
Den 95-arige mand er meldt savnet (is missing). Den sidste gang, han blev set, bar
han lange underbukser og slips.
F0rst klippede han hrekken, sa slog han grresplrenen og lugede bedet- og sa var han
ellers t0rstig!

35

VF

Passiv

The dog was bitten by Peter

(passiv)

The dog bit Peter in the leg

(aktiv)

Deter bestemt ikke ligegyldigt, trenkte hunden, om verbet star i aktiv eller passiv!
\ \ '" \
,,_~i:--:::~\

S"l

"1

-I'-

~''

,_

':::'~In-\_,];_,,__"..., "]'-

,_

..._'I,\

'

t ,':;- ; .-

'

' ' , 1,1

-.._','

~.

-I

'-

. : I

',:

..._''

''

--:',:

'o

~I,'

A( I) Udfyld nu felgende bejningsskema: Dansk

Nutid

F0rnutid

He
He
He
He
He

F0rdatid

He had been beaten

Fremtid

He will be beaten

Datid

OBS!

is beaten
}
is being beaten
was beaten
}
was being beaten
has been beaten

Haner (blevet) slaet (OBS!)

Pa dansk udelader vi ofte blevet i fernutid og ferdatid. Denne

korte form snyder tit i oversrettelser:
Haner (blevet) sat i frengsel =He has been taken to prison
Han bliver sat i frengsel
=He is taken to prison (simpel tid)
=He is being taken to prison (udvidet tid)

A(2) Indsret verbet i parentesen i den rigtige form (aktiv eller passiv):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

36

The butter must ...... in the fridge (to keep).

The boys had ...... the windows (to break).
All my money had ...... on the boat (to steal).
Macbeth
by Shakespeare 400 years ago (to write).
A big dog
our child the other day (to bite).
Fortunately nobody
in the accident (to kill).
Hysterical fans
the pop star (to surround).
The children would
to a children's home for a month during the trial (to send).
Each year thousands of baby seals
by professional hunters (to slaughter).
The German forests
by pollution before our very eyes (to destroy).
000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

00 00 00

000000

VF
B

lndsret den rigtige prreposition:

l.

2.
3.
-!.
5.
6.
7.
8.

The toy was made ...... plastic, not rubber.

The pyramids were made ... .. . the Egyptians.
This chair is designed ... ... the famous indoor architect.
A cloud consists ...... very small drops of water.
The ring was made ...... silver ...... the jeweller.
The prisoner was seen ...... many people on the scene of the crime.
The garden was surrounded ...... a hedge.
The girl was run over ... ... a lorry.

Oversret:

BEMJERK f0lgende verber, der pa dansk ligner passiver (de sakaldte

reciprokke verber):
at m0des
at skilles
at skrendes
at slas

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.
11.

to meet
to part
to quarrel
to fight

Huset var blevet bygget af en bemmt arkitekt.

Huset blev 0delagt af nogle drenge efter krigen.
Drengene m0dtes uden for huset l0rdag eftermiddag.
D0rene blev taget af med det samme.
Da Mike kom, var trappegelrenderet (the bannister) savet igennem.
De elektriske ledninger er klippet over, meddelte Trevor.
Alt ville blive brrendt, selv pengesedlerne (the bank notes).
Drengene ville blive glade, hvis pengesedlerne blev delt ud imellem dem.
Pludselig h0res Mikes fl0jt fra haven.
Trevor bliver chokeret over (at) Old Miserys ankomst, og drengene er lige ved at
komme op at sh1s.
H vis I vil vide, hvordan problemet l0ses afTrevor, rna I lrese Greenes The Destructors .

37

VP

Tricky verb patterns I

A(l) Oversret:
1.
Det lykkedes for hende at fa sin eksamen.
2.
Hvis I g0r det pa denne made, vii det sikkert lykkes.
3.
Der er aldrig noget, der lykkes for ham.
4.
Det lykkedes mig at overtale (to persuade) ham.
5.
Han fors0gte at drille sin s0ster, og det lykkedes ham mesten for godt.
6.
Det lykkedes ikke drengene at finde tyven.
7.
Det lykkedes for dem at sv0mme over den engelske kanal.
8.
Hvis det ikke lykkes i f0rste fors0g, sa pmv igen.
OBS: Undvigeman0vrer kan vrere n0dvendige:
Fors0get lykkedes = The experiment was a success

Tricky verb patterns II

38

VP

_ 2) Oversret:
Kan du ikke fa ham til at holde mund?
Hun fortalte, at hun havde set et sprogelse.
Det eneste, vidnet kunne fortrelle, var, at han havde set en revolver.
Moderen fortalte, at hun havde frygtet, hvad der kunne ske.
De fik fangerne selv til at srette pigtrad (barbed wire) pa murene.
Rektor mindede om, at eksamen ville starte den frolgende uge.
Min mor fortalte, at hun havde set drreberbierne i Sydamerika.
Lrereren kunne ikke fa eleverne til at lrese lektier.
Jeg fik ham til at udlevere alle pengene, men pistolen gjorde det ogsa klart, atjeg
mente det alvorligt.
Manden fortalte, at han havde set en UFO pa vej hjem fra fusten.

9.
10.

Tricky verb patterns III

I \ I'

l~'CHH\.1. .:\ Tn:

NOC fi:N, .'\'1' ".

t Cl :':;:ob.itt

.!:';-, rMr,l:t':'d~' h.ltH, :11 h.111 :-;bil1~' d,'t'_lt'

T ,,:,{ll:<i,,:'{i TO 1um t.h:1t h:' :'lh,)ttlcl

>

.\T T'l)l?f':SL.I\ Nl!C:FN, AT ...

H::tn t'r!i':1:<.ln~ h::nll0,

:11

til

{t.cl :'I011~i1bt)t1:;)

that ,,

't'cl:'\l.l'i' ~

i ll<'rl J,~ct

Lo .:-n1sf\'f'~l. (l.o ~t)W'lt!bnttv) th:'lt

d:' :11zttll:' ko1w h1l:i:'l.

iU:~cl

H:' ~~~;~g:.,_'>l:vl i () h:'l' Lh:ti fiwy ;;b,wtlcl hny th:'

elf'!,

ho"lkl:'

Rf\YinTn' =

:11.

1!i1Cf'

8:1 i'IYiYJi'.lthf':n:
H:m ftYi'N-;ln:~: 11~ :11. gc,;.-~ ct:~i tnt=

Tlil :il1~(ff:'-"-il,ilil t:h:1L wp ::d1onlct clo ii. nCJ\ii

A(3) Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Kan du forklare mig, hvorfor dette er vigtigt?

Hun pmvede at forklare sine forreldre, at de skulle give hende billetten til USA.
Han foreslog mig at dele (to split) udgifterne.
Jeg kan nreppe foresla ham det uden at grore ham vred.
Du kan jo prrove at forklare politiet, hvad du laver i min butik.
Konen foreslog ham, at han beholdt brornene, for hun ronskede at vrere en fri kvinde.

Tricky verb patterns IV

Visse verber kan ikke folges af that-sretninger
il AT
J :'f;

1/JN~{tz-F:,

AT ... = i.n w :tr11.

~~)Tu!1!tw1y

to ...

nn~lzm, n I lt:!;:(:'!i1 ~'>1\:tl kcW1Tc1:> ~A hrwl,igt. som

tlu: (lr~t~Uw t.() c~l)rl.\1 :w ~i"lfii1 :1;; Tl0c"klihh~

Tr:rnl\gi. =

-, ,T:'lili.

Anih~:: V;'i'[i:;i' ~:fi)1' :):1mn1i' Tcl(li1.<ll<'l': to :tllr"~ l t;i1bdi'), i. o

to 11\,r; ($Yi1i\"-i ClTcl) c1f;' t.D (1f\""i'il111. (ti11:1rl:-).

~:nt~ :1

(11i'ViTh1/fM-

:\.i:i:1f(P\

39

VP

A(4) Oversret:
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Undskyld, at jeg nrevner det, men det var din skyld (fault).
Hun onskede bare, at de gik med det samme.
Butleren fortalte, at han havde set et spogelse i grestevrerelset.
Kan du foresla mig, hvad jeg skal gore?
0nsker du virkelig, at din datter slutter sig til (to join) Moonsekten?
Ulykken bevirkede, at fabrikken indforte nye regler.
I mil. undskylde, at mine born laver sa meget larm- normalt er de ganske stille.
Han onskede absolut, at turen til Tyskland blev en succes .
Tiden tillader ikke, atjeg gar i dybden med dette sporgsmal (to go into depth) .

Tricky verb patterns V

Visse verber skal ffdges af ing-form
(verbum+ infinitiv)
DANSK:
Hun valgte at gil.
Intet problem!
(verbum + infinitiv)
ENGELSK: She chose to leave
(verbum+ infinitiv)
DANSK:
Han nod at svomme
PAS PAl
(verbum+ ing-form)
ENGELSK: He enjoyed swimming
De fleste verber opforer sig ens pa dansk og engelsk, hvis de folges af et andet verbum. MeL.
en rrekke almindelige verber skal pa engelsk folges af ING-FORM. Lrer dem!

A(5) Vrelg den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:

1.
2.
40

Do you mind (to close/ closing) the window?

He forgot (to buy/ buying) Christmas presents that year.

VP
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

We enjoyed (to see/ seeing) you last night.

The youngsters denied (to know/ knowing) anything about the burglary.
The children absolutely refused (to help/ helping) in the garden.
It has stopped (to rain/ raining).
He stopped the car (to light/ lighting) a cigarette.
Is it really worth (to do/ doing) one's homework every day?
I can't help (to wonder/ wondering) what happened to him.
She likes (to watch/ watching) horror movies on TV.
The history teacher disliked (to talk/ talking) about politics.
Jill really wanted (to go/ going) to that rock concert.
I've just finished (to decorate/ decorating) my room.
It is no good (to try/ trying) to buy love- it is far too expensive!

Oversret folgende sretninger:

(Der er ekseL :p ler pa alle de omtalte tricky verb patterns)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

20.

Konen 0nskede, at han skulle komme tilbage.

Kidnapperne fik gidslet til at spise sit eget 0re, som de havde skiiret af.
Sagf0reren foreslog hende at vrere lidt mere omhyggelig nreste gang.
Min far fortalte, at han skulle i frengsel i fjorten dage.
Lad vrere med at foresla chefen, at vi m0der tidligere pa arbejde.
Hans kone fik ham til at deltage i marathonl0bet.
Han undgik med n0d og nreppe (barely) at blive drrebt ved bilulykken.
De forklarede os, hvordan vi skulle betjene datamaskinen.
Vi risikerer at miste alle vores penge pa denne made.
Min bedstemor fortreller altid, hvordan hun blev sendt ud for at arbejde, da hun var
6 ar ga~m~l.
Forreldren~ 0nskede ikke, at alle klassekammeraterne skulle komme til f0dselsdagen.
Det lykkedes for hende at na toget til trods for den trette (heavy) trafik.
I m'a;uncJiskylde, at jeg afbryder jer. .
Hun f'ik ham til at ga til k0bmanden, selv om han var trret.
Hvis I g0r det omhyggeligt, skal det nok lykkes for jer.
Jeg bar ikke noget imod at indr0mme, atjeg er forelsket.
Han kunne ikke undga at h0re, hvad der skete i vrerelset ved siden af.
Alting lykkes for ham, desvrerre.
J eg forklarede dem mine betrenkeligheder og fik dem til at indmmme, at det var en
darlig ide.
Hun 0nskede ikke, at de skulle g0re det for hendes skyld.
41

uv

U re gelmressige verber
A (l ) Les nedenstaende opgave ved at skrive den korrekte form afverbet i
sejlen. Past tense = datid (1-15)
Past participle = kort tillregsform (16-36)

to go
to know
to pay
to wear
to wake
to smell
to hit
to spread
to blow
to build
to shake
to fall
to fly
to teach
to grow
to draw
to catch
to lay
to fall
to spend
to think
to hold
to lie
to freeze
to forget
to bleed
to bring
to drink
to feel
to sh ake
to swear
to weave
to choose
to read
to bite
to burst

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

I
I
I
I I I

I
I I
I

the past participle

I I
J

I I

I I
I I I I
I

Lres sa den gennemgaende lodrette linie!

42

the past tense

I
I I I

uv
A(2) Leg med menstre:
Find i en liste over uregelmressige verber andre verber, der h0rer naturligt hjemme i
nedenstaende 5 grupper (mindst 2 verber mere til hver gruppe). B0j aile verberne i
de tre hovedformer.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

to ring
to drink

~~_

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

to blow

~~~------------

to find

~~=-------------

to hit
to cost

~==--------------

to teach
to buy

U dover de rent bejningsmressige problemer er der nogle ord, hvor stavningen

voider problemer:
Sammenlign:
being
to be
he was
he has been
to choose
he has chosen
choice
he chose
he has fallen
to fall
he fell
to feel
he felt
he has felt
lead [led] = bly
to lead
he led [led]
he has led
loose (adj) = l0s
to lose
he lost
he has lost
to mean
he meant [ment]
he has meant
to read
he read [red]
he has read
to see
seeing
he saw
he has seen
to sleep
he slept
he has slept
speech (n) = tale
to speak
he has spoken
he spoke
he has taught
to teach
he taught
a thought= tanke
to think
he thought
he has thought
though = sk0nt
through = igennem
tough = barsk
Vrer specielt opmrerksom pa disse staveproblemer i f0lgende 0velse!
43

uv
B

Indsret den korrekte form af verberne i parentesen:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

(tell)
(feed)
(sleep)
(feel)
(keep)
(lead)
(read)
(lend)
(begin-ring)
(break)
(feel-eat)
(teach)

I have often ...... you but you always forget.

When the kitten was small, I .. .... her by hand.
I ...... very badly after having seen that horror film.
They had ...... very sick before the exam.
Though he was dead-tired, he ...... on walking.
The blind dog .. .. .. the blind man home.
I often .. .... novels but I haven't ...... this one.
John ...... all his money to his best friend.
We had hardly ... ... the lesson when the bell ..... .
Last year he .. .... his leg while he was skiing.
She ..... . sick after having ...... that fish.
I ...... Danish some years ago in Newcastle.

(know-fall)
(think)
(catch)
(feel-choose)
(raise-swear)
(shine)
(fight)
(buy-cost)
(get)
(send)
(sell-leave)
(fall)
(choose)
(rise)
(bring)
(rise)
(sink)
(drink)

If he had ...... her he wouldn't have .. .. .. for her tricks.

I had never ...... about going to university before.
My sister ...... 3 fish the first time she tried.
He had ... .. . uneasy about the whole plan but he ... ... to go on after all.
The woman ...... her right arm and ...... to tell the truth.
The wintry moon ...... dimly that night.
The two rivals .. ... . it out between them.
He ...... a house which ...... a fortune.
Have you ..... . hold of the money?
Have you .. .. .. the letter?
He ...... the house when his wife ...... him.
She ...... down the tree while she was picking apples.
We had clearly .. ..-:. the wrong direction.
He saw that dense smoke ...... from the chimney.
While they were engaged he ...... her flowers every day.
It was so early that the sun ha<;l not ...... yet.
A Soviet submarine has ...... with all its nuclear missiles.
You haven't .. .... the water from the tap, have you?

8.
9.
10.
11.

12.

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

21.
22.
23.
24.

25.

26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

44

uv
C

Oversret folgende sretninger:

B@j forst lie/ lay og de danske verber i de 3 tider:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

9.
10.

Elizabeth I lagde grunden til Englands storhed.

Alle telefonledninger er nu lagt ned i jorden, og der har de ligget i lang tid.
J eg er trret; jeg vil gerne lregge mig et ojeblik.
Danmark ligger nord for Tyskland.
Du lregger dig da ikke midt pa gaden!
Fra bondegarden kan man altid fa nylagte reg.
Havet la mod vest; landsbyen la mellem bjergene.
Honen har ikke lagt sa mange reg i dag, som den lagde i gar, men den kan ikke lregge
sa mange reg hver dag.
Borgmesteren lagde sig pa ryggen og faldt i sovn.
Avisen ligger pa gulvet, nojagtigt hvor jeg lagde den, efter atjeg havde ligget og lrest
den. Mens jeg la der, kom honen for resten og lagde endnu et reg.

Borgmesteren lagde sig pa ryggen og faldt i sovn.

45

AF

Adjektiver
I Gradbojning af adjektiver

III:

Adjektiver pa 2 stavelser b0jes normalt med more / most, undtagen hvis

ordet ender pa:
-er
-le
-ow
-y

IV:

clever - cleverer - cleverest

simple- simpler- simplest
narrow - narrower - narrowest
happy- happier- happiest (bemrerk y

ie; se s. 100).

Der er mange (overraskende) undtagelser. Du kan fa hjrelp i ALD ..H vis der

ikke star -er/ -est efter adjektivet, gradb0jes det med more/ rriost.

46

AF
A

Gradboj folgende ord i bade 2. og 3. grad:

1. rich
4. noble
2. important 5. good
3. low
6. silent

7. common
8. many
9. noisy

10. bad
11. dirty
12. awful

B (l) Oversret folgende sretninger:

2.
3.
-!-.
;),

6.
I .

"
9.
10.

Mange danskere taler bedre engelsk end tysk .

Danskerne bliver i gennemsnit reldre og reldre.
Det vanskeligste arbejde er ofte det interessanteste.
Den st0rste diamant kostede mindre, end sheiken troede.
Der var lrengere til den nrermeste k0bmand, end de havde forventet.
Jeg er reldre end min bror, men han er 30 centimeter h0jere end mig.
Patientens tilstand (condition) blev vrerre efter operationen.
Det mindste, du kan g0re, er at sende et julekort til hende.
Familien boede i den vrerste slum i byen, vrerre, end du kan forestille dig.
Dette er det sidste kamera, vi har af denne model, og det er ogsa sidste model.

II En bedre middag
Falsk komparativ
J eg er bedre til matematik end du er
I am better at mathematics than you are

komparativ (2. grad)

Jeg blev inviteret til en bedre middag

I was invited to a (very) good dinner

falsk komparativ

Dansk bruger i stor udstrrekning komparativ (2. grad) i tilfrelde, hvor der ikke trenkes pa nogen sammenligning (falsk komparativ).
Engelsk har ikke denne mulighed! -Her bruger man normalt posi ti v (1. grad), evt.
sammen ~ed pretty / fairly / very eller lignende.
Bemrerk dog: major, superior, elderly.

B(2) Oversret:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Familien slog signed (to settle) i en mindre by i Midtvesten.

Han har flere gange vreret i vanskeligheder med politiet. Flere gange end du?
Byen havde kun en mindre park, ogden var sandelig mindre end de fleste parker.
Haner et vrerre fjols, men han er en dygtig forretningsmand.
Min far matte srelge sin gard og k0be en mindre, da han blev reldre.
Hans brrekkede ben skyldtes et mindre uheld.
Vores yacht kostede en st0rre sum penge, men sa er den ogsa st0rre end jeres.
Vi blev modtaget af en reldre herre og to st0rre hunde.

47

AF

III One som stetteord

Pa dansk bruges adjektiver ofte som substantiver:

Den blinde havde stor nytte af sin f0rerhund.
Dette kan meget sjreldent lade sig gore

pa engelsk:

Oversret:

1.

Familien havde syv hunde; den st0rste var en Grand Danois.

2.

De arbejdsMse er ved at bhve utalmodige.

3.

Den eneste, der kunne forsta kinesisk, var blevet syg.

Den blinde gik over til den gamle, der sad pa brenk en og snakkede med en yngre dame.
Den anklagede grred, da hun h0rte dommen.
De rige udnytter de fattige.
Farvede fra Vestindien m0der ikke sa megen modstand i England.
Du t0mmer den automat (slot machine), jeg tager mig af denne her.
Den afd0de fik sin hrevn, da testamentet blev lrest op.
De to gamle er de eneste, der sa tyven.
Det vigtigste er at analysere konsekvenserne.
Det eneste, de kunne g0re, var at ringe efter en ambulance.

4.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

48

AF

IV En 14-arig dreng

Oversret:

1.

J eg fyldte firs i fredags, men jeg f0ler mig stadig som en 40-arig.
24-arig mand drrebt i motorvejssammenst0d.
I de engelske pubs rna man ikke drikke 0l, f0r man er fyldt 18 ar.
Han var 16 ar, da han f0rste gang blev forelsket.
Den 10-arige spillede fodbold som en professionel.
21-arige Jennifer gifter sig med 70-arig millionrer.
Joan var 8 ar gammel, da forreldrene blev skilt.
Den 12-arige Sam blev fundet af politiet 3 uger senere.
Vi m0dte en mand pa 123 pa vores tur gennem Rusland.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

c:6~ .~

~- / )i:X

~ ~'

__?~~
49

AA

Adjektiv I adverbium I
a. The nightingale is a

c. He lived in a

A(l) Find bade adjektiver og adverbier.

(2) Forklar, hvilket andet ord i sretningen, det fortreller noget om:
1.

6.

Grai:tddad climbed the ladder cautiously.

He spoke uickly to hide his confusion.
He lived in an awfully cold, hair-timbered house.
She speaks French surprisingly well when you think of her age.
The witness answered truthfully that he had not seen any weapon.
An unusually fat kangaroo jumped heavily across the hot desert.

Indsret den korrekte form (adjektiv/ adverbium) af ordet i parentes:

2.
3.
4.
5.

HUSK:

ADJEKTIV

ADVERBIUM

good
hard

well
hard!

(OBS: hardly betyder nreppe/ nresten ikke)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

50

The young man shouted .......... at the policeman (angry).

He stumbled .......... towards the door (blind) .
He bought a ... ... ... . \expensive carJ(real).
My uncle had worked awfully .... ... ... his whole life (hard).
His first novel was not a ....... ... success (complete).
She paints very .. ....... ., better than most of the students (good).

AA

He saw a very .......... butterfly, but he could not catch it (rare).

We were panting .. ........ after the jogging trip (heavy) .
New York is a .......... noisy city (horrible) .
He made a .......... mistake and paid a ....... .... price (terrible-heavy).

Oversret:

BEM.tERK STAVNINGEN: heroic (adj) -heroically (adv)

economic - economically
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
o.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

Han talte meget hardt (rough) til b0rnene, selvom det ikke var deres skyld.
Han er en afskyelig (disgusting), lille griier.
Et frygteligt uheld standsede arbejdet pa atomkraftvrerket.
Han var 0konomisk uafhrengig.
Hun var en livlig pige, der altid talte positivt om andre mennesker.
Du tager alting for alvorligt.
Han opf0rte sig sa charmerende, at ingen kunne modsta ham.
Hun kiggede ivrigt efter sine b0rn, men hun kunne ikke finde dem.
Tyven listede lydl0st ned ad trapperne.
Drengen kiggede genert pa sine hrender.
Fotomodellen smilede venligt til alle, der gad (to take the trouble) se i hendes retning.
R0gen steg langsomt op fra skorstenen.
Tolderne unders0gte grundigt kufferterne men fandt ingenting.
I mine ferier star jeg altid sent op.
Tyskerne krempede srerdeles tappert men tabte krigen.
Dette er en mulig l0sning, men jeg tvivler alvorligt pa, at vi kan gennemf0re den.
Den 14. juli var en usredvanlig varm dag, og alle styrtede til kysten.
De ansatte protesterede voldsomt, dade h0rte om de nye arbejdsforhold.
Blyanterne dansede lystigt.
(

51

AA

Adjektiv I adverbium II
Vi har indtil nu arbejdet med eksempler, hvor et adverbium fortalte noget om et bestemt
andet ord i sretningen, men

I certainly remember him

Fortunately her guests wel!e late
We usually go campjng in our holidays
De hyppigste er:

actually
apparently
certainly
definitely
eventually
fortunately

generally
gradually
honestly
hardly
luckily
naturally

obviously
probably
rarely
really
simply
usually

De placeres ofte forst i sretningen eller ligesom smaadverbierne!

A

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Hans sidste bog blev desvrerre en fiasko.

Jeg ved helt rerligt ikke noget om, hvem der har drukket din sherry.
Manden sa bestemt ikke ud, sam om han fortr0d (to regret), hvad han havde gjort.
Hun vidste simpelthen ikke, hvordan hun skulle tackle den nye situation.
Han havde tydeligvis tabt interessen for hende.
Det er nreppe en god ide at springe ud ad vinduet - vi er pa 6. sal.
Hun mistede lidt efter lidt sine illusioner.

8.
9.

Pas pa betydningen af eventually:

Far sagde, at han eventuelt ville komme senere i aften.
Mar besluttede til sidst, at hun ikke ville vente pa ham.

Oversret (der er eksempler pa alle typer adverbier):

OBS:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

52

ADJEKTIV

ADVERBIUM

rare
impossible

rarely I seldom
not possibly

Problemet er simpelthen, hvordan jeg skal fa lrert alt dette. Normalt er jeg ikke vanskelig, men jeg kan umuligt skrive din stil for dig.
Fjenden angreb ivrigt vore stillinger, men forgreves.
En sjrelden fugl bliver sjreldent set.
Hun spillede fodbold overraskende godt.
Anden sk0jtede yndefuldt pa isen for at tiltrrekke sig andrikkens opmrerksomhec
Haner tilsyneladende en rar mand, men han er en rigtig djrevel over for sin kor:Psykiateren advarede dem om, at drengen var et meget specielt tilfrelde, ja, et sj:r
dent tilfrelde, og at han bestemt skulle behandles forsigtigt.

AA

Adjektiv I adverbium III

.=ammenlign:
ad sho.ted an9'ily
~d

often gets a1gry

A ( 1) Lav pa basis af f0lgende sretninger en liste over de verber, der tager subjektsprredikat. (Verber der svarer til vrere, blive, synes, se ud, + sanseverberne
smell, taste, sound):
to be

9.
10.
11.
12.

The woman was anxious

His father became unhappy
The boy remained silent
The weather turned cold
My mum often gets mad at me
We slowly grew impatient
The girl seemed so sad
The boy looked very sad
I felt cool despite the heat
This salmon smells bad
That meat did not taste good
He sang but it sounded awful

lndsret den korrekte form (adjektiv/ adverbium) af ordet i parentes:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

It seemed ...... to do something about it (necessary) .

The man walked in my direction very ... .... (slow).
He felt very .. .... sitting outside the headmasters's door (uncomfortable).
The noise was ...... , but suddenly everything grew ...... (terrible-silent).
Solomon was .... .. a very wise king (certain).
His story sounded ... .. . but it must be ... ... (strange-true).
If you would like me to, I could ...... help you (easy).
The bicycle was ..... . ...... (awful-expensive).
They lived ...... together for some months, but then the girl started to behave ... .. .
(happy-strange).

2.

3.
-!.

v.
6.
I.

53

AA
B

Oversret:
PAS PA:

Sanseverberne kan bruges bade i

svrekket betydning
Han sa rolig ud
He looked calm

og i fuld betydning
Han sa roligt pa mig
He looked calmly at me

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Det er let at regne svaret ud.

Min kone bliver let vred om morgenen.
B0rnene sa alle glade ud.
... og de levede lykkeligt til deres dages ende (ever after).
Han handlede fornuftigt, da han forlod stuen.
Hendes beslutning synes fornuftig, nar man trenker pa hendes situation.
Noget gik galt med planen.
Lrereren sa rasende ud og svarede utalmodigt.
Sheiken blev bleg ved tanken om de faldende oliepriser.
Hun vendte sig hurtigt om ved lyden af mandens hrese stemme.
Stegen lugtede godt.
Kokken l0ftede forsigtigt laget og lugtede omhyggeligt til suppen- den lugtede forfrerdelig!

Oversret:
PAS PA f0lgende faste udtryk :

if possible, as possible, as usual, than usual.

De ligner adverbier, men kan siges at vrere.forkortede sretninger af typen:
I'll come if possible (= if it is possible)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
54

Han kom for sent som sredvanligt.

Vil De sende varerne sa hurtigt som muligt?
'Kirurgen f0lte febrilsk efter patientens puls. Bagefter f0lte han sig bedmvet.
Slaverne planlagde omhyggeligt et nyt opmr.
Hun havde arbejdet hardt hele dagen og sa udk0rt ud, da hun endelig kom hjem.
Kom sa hurtigt som muligt!
Nu f0ler jeg mig normal igen. Jeg er nemlig ikke normalt sa nerv0s.
Han er usredvanlig klog.
Du er om muligt mere s0vnig end sredvanligt.
Du kan nreppe forvente, at jeg skal hjrelpe dig uden at fa noget for det.
J eg vidste rerlig talt ikke noget om det.
0konomisk blev han en succes, f0lelsesmressigt var han en fiasko.
Han h0rer ikke godt efter at have arbejdet ved den maskine hele livet.
Faderen talte lrenge og indtrrengende til sin clatter om hendes planlagt'e regteska
Hun var yndigt klredt pa og sa himmelsk ud.

SF

Substantivers flertal

REGELMJESSIGT FLERTAL I:

OBS: hundred
thousand
million

men:

mister flertals -s, nar der star nrermere angivelse foran:

several hundred children
two thousand men
thousands of people

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.

Man siger, at en kat har ni liv.

B0rn i u-landene (a developing country) rna ofte arbejde hardt.
Tyvene viste sig at vrere meget uheldige; de fandt kun 2 srekke kartofler i en masse
visne blade i laden.
55

SF
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11 .
12.

Busserne, der skulle transportere negrene til de nye skoler, blev standset afrasende
forreldre.
Vi rna selv bestemme, hvad vi skal g0re.
B0rnene sa 3-4 ulve uden for landsbyen.
Kalkunerne (a turkey) l0b rundt pa gardspladsen, og duerne sad oppe pa tagene.
Der var to bmd pa den 0verste hylde. Alle de andre hylder var tomme.
Han mistede et par trender i slagsmalet, men han kunne stadig komme pa benene
(= f0dderne) bagefter.
Tyvene true de de 2 kvinder med knive til at udlevere de 2000 pund og pnovede en dog
at fa fat i deres guldtrender.
Pengeskabene viste sig at vrere umulige at abne.
Han vejede mere end 90 kilo.

UREGELMJESSIGT FLERTAL II :

advice
furnittite
information

interest
money
news
,Progress

56

SF
A

Oversret folgende ord (aile flertal) og udfyld krydsogtvrersen:

=>OWN

ACROSS

::. muligheder
~. mrend
3. k nive
6. t render
9. hylder
::::. kriser
::3. liv
::-!. kvinder
::9. analyser

1. klaverer
2. aber
4. fjender
5. laks
7.gres
8. husser
10. f0dder
12. tab
15. tyveknregte
16. ulve
17. kanter
18. okser

Oversret:
En ulykke kommer sjreldent alene

Detar havde der vreret en serie kriser for bystyret. F0rst gik arbejderne pa byens st0rste
~talvrerk i strejke. Nyhedsmedierne skrev om slagsmal (a scuffle) ved portene til vrerket.
To hundrede politibetjente matte s0rge for, at busserne med strejkebryderne (a scab)
k unne komme ind pa fabriksomradet.
Kort efter opdagede nogle lystfiskere, at mange fisk var d0de af forgiftning, og at der nre ~
sten ikke var nogen laks tilbage i floden. Specialisterne lavede adskillige analyser af situationen ogindsamlede allerelevante oplysninger, men efter 3 uger havde de ikke gjort fremskridt endnu. Myndighederne frygtede, at tusinder af fill:, k0er og kalve, der grressede pa
engene langs flodbredden, ville blive forgiftet. Eller hvad der var vrerre: menneskeliv ville
ga tabt.
Senere blev by en ramt af jordskrelv og 7 kvinder blev drrebt under sammenstyrtede huse.
Mange mennesker blev saret, deriblandt mange b0rn. Katastroferne syntes at fortsrette,
og myndighederne erklrerede byen i undtagelsestilstand (in a state of emergency) .

57

SF

Logisk flertal
Many people lost their lives in the flood
The children finally made up their minds
As the author writes in lines 9 and 10
We have opposing views on the question of immigration

HUSK ogsa: He could not do it himself

They could not do it themselves

PAS PAved opslag i ordb0ger, som altid anvender formen oneself.

Den skal selvf0lgelig erstattes med den relevante self-form:
Gpslag: tage sig selv i nakken
, Ordbog: pull oneself together
Men:
The two men pulled themselves together

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Til sidst besluttede (to make up one's mind) de at blive gift.

Barnets forreldre havde meget forskelligt syn pa b0rneopdragelse.
Du kan finde svaret pa side 10, linie 19-25.
De skiftede fly i Bombay lufthavn.
Jeg havde ikke ventet, at mine venner sa pludseligt vendte os ryggen.
Der er 3'/z km til den nrermeste benzinstation.
Lad OS bytte plads (a seat), sa jeg kan sidde i skyggen.
De rystede pa hovedet og opgav diskussionen.
B0rn kan ikke passe pa (to take care of) sig selv i trafikken.

Oversret:

Min kone og jeg har lige vreret pa bes0g hos min svoger. Vi skulle have boet der i en u e:
men vi skiftede mening (to change one's mind) efter 2 dage: hans s0nner var sa uforskarr.mede, at de ikke engang tog hatten af, mens de spiste middag. N 3.r de ikke spiste, lade :
ryggen pa sofaen og lreste avis.
I gamle dage, tilbage i det 18. og 19. arhundrede, var b0rn sandelig mere velopdragnE
Na, min svoger k0rte OS til stationen, men han var sa fornrermet, at han ikke ville gi -'hand, sa han beholdt hrend erne i Iommen. J eg er bange for, at min svoger og hele min -:gerfamilie har vendt os ryggen.
Toget var fuldt. Min kone lider afklaustrofobi og gik derfor hen til en mand ved vindue- ;
spurgte, om han ville bytte plads. Efter halvanden time skulle vi skifte tog. Da vi kom
London, var vejret blevet darligt, ognreste dag h0rte vi, at mange var faret vild i den ta:-tage.
58

- - -- -- -- - - - - - - - -

SF

A piece of advice
Utrellelige substantiver
_- .: e fa substantiver er trellelige pa dansk: et rad, 2 nyheder, flere penge,
men utrellelige pa engelsk.

ENGELSK utrellelige

DANSK trellelige

advice
furniture
information
interest
luck
money
news

rad
m0bler
oplysning( er)
rente(r)
held
penge
nyhed(er)

For at g0re ordene trellelige pa engelsk rna du indf0je et trelleligt ord/ udtryk, fx

a piece of, a bit of, a stroke of:

I still miss 3 pieces of information
A stroke of luck saved my life
We need a bit of luck now, don't we'?
One item of news was important for the police

Vrelg det korrekte udtryk i parenteserne:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

You can find all the relevant (information/ informations) in this book.
All his money (was/ were) gone. What had he spent (it/them) on?
Your brilliant (advice/ advices) would have killed us if we had stuck to (it/them).
(Is/ are) there any news about the sex scartdal in London?
The money (was/ were) stolen from the security van outside the bank. Some of
(them/it) (was/ were) later found in a plastic bag.
(Much/ many) of the (furniturelfurnitures) had been ruined by the recent flood.

6.

Bemrerk: a couple of beers/ four coffees (hvor der menes krus/ kop/ glas)
7.
8.
9.

Could I have two (tea/ teas), please?

Father gave me some good (advice/ advices) -but he could use (them/it) himself.
There (was/ were) hardly any furniture in the small flat.
59

SF
B

I de folgende sretninger er der fejl - ret dem!

Bemrerk, at der i nogle sretninger skal rettes mere end et ord.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

em -.. ,,~"""'....
I wa.,...~r;a. ,,;..,~r ~
App
e erybody had heard the news but nobody seemed to believe them.
Our family gave us a lot of advice before our first trip to England, but when we arrived, we just couldn't remember them.
The invention ofthe spinning jenny was an important progress for the cotton industry.

Oversret:

J eg har lige filet brev fra min onkel i Am erika. Han skriver, at han har tj ent mange peng.o
for ny lig. Han fortreller, at han arvede nogle penge efter en tante, som ogsa ga v ham det gode rad at srette dem i bank en og sa leve af renterne. Sk0nt det var et godt rad, mente mi!:.
onkel ikke, at han kunne leve af dem. Sa en dag h0rte han om bankdirekt0rens ulovlig.o
pengetransaktioner. Disse oplysninger brugte han til pengeafpresning. Det var naturlicvis et held for min onkel, som hele li vet har vreret sa fa ttig som en kir kerotte ( ... as a churC::
mouse) . Men den stakkels bankdirekt0r har vreret n0dt til at srelge mange af sine smukk:'
m0bler og antikviteter. Jeg har nresten medlidenhed med ham.

60

Genitiv
I Genitiv kan dannes ved hjrelp af APOSTROF (+ s):
Ord, der IKKE i forvejen ender pa -s, tilfojer ~
the girl's bicycle
the men's clothes

Ord, der i forvejen ender pa -s, tilfojer kun ~

the girls' last hope
Dickens' famous house

OBS: ITS(= GENITIV): The dog wagged its tail

IT'S (= IT IS): It's a long time ago

Indsret enten ~ eller [j , sa de fremhrevede udtryk bliver korrekte:

1.

Have you seen my parents new car?

Childrens clothes have become awfully expensive.
It is half an hours walk to the railway s!..kGIIIIIIJua
All the ladies coats had been s
The old ladys jewelr ad

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.

10.

I sat waiting
d
m
rs .
T
ou d suit me fine.
Co
a he had taken somebody else coat.
S
e
ation has suffered because of recent arms sales.
its an old carpet and its edges are frayed, but I love it!

61

G
II Genitiv kan ogsa dannes ved hjrelp af OF:

Bemrerk ogsa specielt den folgende brug (definerende og

forbindende):
a) ved mal, mrengde og antal: a box of cigars
a glass of m1Yk
two pounds of sugar
b) ved frellesnavn

+ egenavn: the town of York

the Kingdom of Spain

the Island of Malta
Men ikke ved: the river Thames
Lake Ontario

c) ved arstider/ datoer:

the spring of 1988

3rd June (lreses: the third of June)
Men ikke ved: the year 1988
March 1989

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Lorna er min brors veninde.

Byens St0rste fabrik matte lukke (to close down).
Efter skilsmissen flyttede min far til landsbyen Taunton i grevskabet Devon.
Londons centrum er domineret af banker og forretninger .
Hestens bagben var brrekket to steder.
Hun bad om to ars orlov (a leave) for at rejse jorden rundt.
Husets altan faldt ned, da fuglen landede pa gelrenderet (a railing).
Jeg matte vente fire timer hos lregen.
Har du lrest dagens avis?
Familien Johnsons kat var l0bet bort.
Byen Henley ligger ved (on) floden Themsen.
Efter en maneds hardt arbej de blev han syg.
I efteraret 1985 var der en serie flykatastrofer (an air disaster).
Hospitalets nye afdeling (a ward) blev frerdig i foraret 1986.
Det var ikke sagf0rerens fej l, men hans sekretrers.

62

UA

+I+ ubestemt artikel

a/ an
I modscetning til dansk benyttes ubestemt artikel ogsa ved:

Bemrerk folgende udtryk: I had a headache

As a rule he is here before sunrise
He took a great interest in the new girl
You certainly have a right to disagree
She had waited for a long time
Please keep an eye on the baby!
I never wear a tie
As a young girl she was very pretty

Indsret a(n), hvor nodvendigt:

1.
2.

As ...... young man I had ...... unusual job.

Graham Greene became .. .... Catholic as ...... grown-up, but he had always taken
...... enormous interest in religious matters.
Mrs Musman is ..... . housewife and ... ... mother of five young children.
She spoke four languages but she did not speak ...... Russian.
My brother grew ..... . beard while he was in prison.
Ronald Reagan cannot become ...... President ofthe United States for a third term.
He was ... ... Nazi during the War.
Did he really say that? Well, it's ...... lie, I can assure you!
Nigel Waterhouse used to be ...... writer but now he is ..... Chairman ofthe NSPCA.
They started in Liverpool and became famous as ...... pop group in the early '60s.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

63

UA
B

Oversret:
Bernrerk den ubesternte tidsangivelse En kold september aften ... :
Om fremtid ogsa:

One cold September evening .. .

On a cold September evening .. .
Some day I'll take a terrible revenge ...

Bernrerk ordstillingen ved half, quite, such og too

+ adjektiv:

He is quite an interesting old man

Oh, she is such a charming girl
I saw them half an hour ago
That is too important a question to leave to others

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

64

Direkt0ren er her desvrerre ikke - hun har hovedpine.

Jeg har ret til at tale med en sagf0rer, f0r jeg siger noget.
Min far var fisker, indtil vi kom ind i (to join) Frellesmarkedet. Nu arbejder han pa
fabrik.
Vii De vrere sa venlig at holde 0je med min bagage (luggage), mens jeg k0ber billet.
Som ung pige boede hun pa landet i Nordengland.
De besluttede at k0be bil, selvom de ikke havde rad.
Som formand for denne forening rna jeg protestere imod dette forslag.
J eg har altid dr0mt om at blive t0mrer.
En dag h0rte hun en mrerkelig lyd fra krelderen.
Efter fire maneder fik han brev fra sin S0n.
En morgen vagnede hun op med hovedpine - de havde holdt fest hele natten.
Vi havde en ganske dejlig tur til Wales.
En dag vii du indse, at jeg har ret.
Min far begyndte som arbejder pa fabrikken, sa blev han tillidsmand (shop steward), og i dag er han direkt0r.
,/

UA
C

Oversret:

only a little
only a few

=
=

kun lidt, men dog noget (positivt)

kun fa, men dog nogle (positivt)

She is only a little better today, so she still can't go for a walk

Men aldrig 0 ~~ tle da noget,der er negativt, ikke kan indskramkes yderligere.

oltfflw

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

12.

Hans tipoldefar var pirat som ung mand, men d0de som kaptajn i den tyske hrer.
Det var en ganske alvorlig ulykke, selvom ingen kom til skade.
Anton er en mand af fa ord.
Jeg har kun lidt at f0je til, hvad der er blevet sagt.
Der var alvorlig mangel pa kvalificerede ingeni0rer efter krigen.
Jeg er lidt nerv0s ved tanken om den eksamen.
Selv blandt vennerne er der kun fa, der kender baggrunden for skilsmissen.
De matte aflyse (to cancel) koncerten, da kun fa mennesker havde k0bt billetter.
Da min far kun kender lidt til politik, stemmer han ikke til valget.
Patienten har ret til at fa at vide, hvad han fejler.
Som ung rejste Robert til Indien. Her m0dte han Rani, som var meget smuk, n .c;n
som ogsa var buddhist. Selvom jeg er katolik, er jeg ikke fanatiker, sa skal vi ikke
gifte os? J eg tjener lidt penge som forfatter, menjeg er ikke rig. Selvf0lgelig har du ret
til at sige nej, men sa bliver jeg skuffet.
Kun fa tilhrengere var dukket op pa pubben fm kampen.

65

BA

+!...;- bestemt artikel I

+
DANSK
ff'lgende
amme

the same:

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Forste gang, jeg horte den historie, var den morsom!

Han tilbringer det meste af sommeren ved havet.
Folgende elever er blevet optaget (to admit) pa teaterskolen.
Hunden er blind pa (in) det ene oje.
Hun brrekkede den ene arm, da hun faldt ned ad trappen.
Jeg havde samme oplevelse, da jeg besogte Venedig forste gang.
De fleste af eleverne var gaet hjem.
Den ene af drengene blev tilbage, den anden stak af.

Bemrerk den bestemte artikel ved verdenshjarner og left/ right:

The sun sets in the west

The station is on the left

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Go west!
Turn left at the next corner
Left or right, I don't care!

Morke skyer nrermede sig fra ost.

Til i morgen skal aile lrese f0lgende kapitler: 4, 5 og 6.
Det meste af mad en blev spist samme aften.
Den ene dag efter den anden gik uden nogen nyheder.
Det var tredje gang, han sa den film.
Den ene af ans0gerne var for hoj, de andre var for tykke.
Zigeunerne drog mod nord om sommeren ligesom fuglene.
Chefen var ude at rejse det meste af tiden.

Pas pa:
17. Pigerne var de mest dominerende i klassen .
18. Det er den mest primitive bog, jeg lrenge har !rest.
66

BA

+I+ bestemt artikel II

She went up to London by bus
We go to church every Sunday

Sometimes she missed the bus

The crucifix was stolen from the
church

Indsret den bestemte artikel, hvor det er nodvendigt:

1.

The patient was taken to ...... hospital.

The boy is only 15 so he has to go to ...... school for another year.
They drove her over to ...... hospital to see her mother.
He just couldn't get up: the warmth of ...... bed was too pleasant.
The old man takes a walk to .. .... church on most days of the week .
The masked robbers were seen to leave by ...... car.
In the afternoon we all went into ...... town.
The stolen money was found in ...... car.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Samme forskel gor sig greldende for folgende 2 omrader:

1"" ~\:~S{gf~' -. .}~(\~:c~~~ fu~~~_:h~~~~~) . - --

i~ ~"1~ ~1 :: _. JfrJ~7 t'@i~~rHSi'~:lta" PRlRl?-:'. ~J1'?~

Spring is early this year
What's for dinner?

9.
10.

__ , _ ~ _:

&L

' :

The spring of 1985 was wet and cold

The dinner we had last night was
fabulous

When are we going to have ...... supper?

I don't expect to see him before ...... morning.

67

BA
11.
12.
13.

14.
15.
16.

According to the almanac ...... winter begins in a fortnight.

During ..... . dinner the parents had a loud quarrel.
He decided to go to England by .. ... . ship. When he was onboard .... .. ship, he regretted it. I should have gone by ...... plane, he thought when he saw ... ... aeroplane
high above in the sky.
His uncle was in ...... prison for the third time.
...... school was finally over and the children rushed out.
We usually had bacon and eggs for ...... breakfast.

Bemrerk udtrykkene med forskellige prrepositioner:

by night
at night

17.
18.
19.
20.

in the night
during the night

He was very ambitious and usually came home late at ... ... night.
Mymumisin ...... hospital. No, not St. Christopher's- she was taken to ...... hospital down the road.
. ..... winter of 1984 was both long and cold.
Shift workers often have to work by .... .. night and sleep by ..... . day.

+I+ bestemt artikel III

Der er et helt specielt problem med en rrekke utrellelige substantiver, som refererer til
begreber/ abstrakter, forcli dansk og engelsk artikelbrug er forskellig. De hyppigste
er:

Many people fight for freedom

The freedom they had fought for was

crushed by the new dictator

Hvorfor +! + artikel i: Air is lighter than water

The air in here is foul because of the water in the sewer

68

BA
A

Indsret den bestemte artikel, hvor nodvendigt:

1.

.... .. time always flies when you are enjoying yourself.

Most of ...... time was spent in art galleries and dusty museums.
The soldiers faced ...... death without fear.
...... death of his wife was a serious shock to him.
The rescue party at last gave up .... .. hope of finding the miners alive.
At last she gave up .. .... hope.

'2 .
3.
4.
o.
6.

Bemrerk dog de to faste udtryk:

This is the life (for me)! said the girl after a day on the beach of San Tropez
I will fight to the death, thought the brave young man
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

We can learn a lot from .... .. history.

...... history I remember from my school days is next to none.
...... life begins at forty, she said desperately.
...... life he was used to had never brought so much happiness.
Our forefathers worshipped .. .... nature.
He was sitting in front of ...... television all day.
...... television has become an important part of our daily lives.

Indsret den bestemte artikel, hvor nodvendigt:

0~'-.~

~}" ~,,

1._

~ ~ ~ -;'~:-;>, 7-~JI:r'~"' ~ ..., ... -;"'

:~ .vl.~,'
t

''(

..

r;;-;""~k_-:-'f~~ :l.'~

r,~ ~v.l .,.,.btl ;5.'''-=l :~- ''

1

J:...
I}

t 'P_:~:If~!.rrttD t~l~ Tf~~:( I ~J1)J1l~}~F~~ :rrf'@St~f1lit

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

;--.i:l-&-:'":'~ t;' ~.,;..~

;;

,c,)h_,'<.U."-) t_.,~

-..Jl~-, f
- "''<:' ~
~.!.Uo;,!F,).,"['i'-"1E' 1 .:-' ;':'''!.:m~-::1 d:

,..,.-~ ... ~~--~ -~""

!_,,_,.,._,~~,.;!!}\:o. ~:E '"~

~..:: .:-~ ~'r~-~~~~

.
I

~-)-~}.-

.,(.1.'

I
'J
1

After having read the goodbye note from his wife, he suddenly grew tired of ..... . life.
He felt that ...... time he had spent waiting for her had been worth it when she finally
turned up.
...... existence of the abominable snowman has not yet been proved by ...... science.
When she wakes up to ...... reality one day, she will find ...... life hard to cope with.
The Romantic poets often turned a blind eye to ...... cruelty of ...... nature.
In the past man was much more dependent on ...... nature.
Watching ...... TV is nothing but an escape from ...... reality.

There is nothing romantic or fashionable about ...... life in ...... modern Britain.
Are the unemployed really spongers on ...... society?
.. .... life was not all beer and skittles for poor Mr Prebble.
...... truth about ...... history of the American Indian is rarely told in our history
books.
Many people are afraid of ...... old age, of being locked up in rest homes with no contact to ...... society.

69

BA
13.
14.
15.
16.

Our history books are dominated by the ideas and philosophy of .. .. .. western civilization.
... ... modern science has studied the L0ch Ness monster with intense interest.
...... society of the '80s is completely clifferent from the carefree '60s.
That is the sort of problem you have to cope with in ...... everyday life.

Oversret:

Livet i 80'erne er ikke let. Det mod erne m~nneske bliver let styret af den mod erne teknik,
der af de fleste politikere ses som l0sningen pa alle vore problemer. Samfundet har aldrig
vreret sa rigt, hrevder de.
Mange ser tilbage til 60'ernes samfund med nostalgi. Og man h0rer fra flere ogflere mennesker rabet: tilbage til naturen. For disse mennesker er den moderne teknik rod en til alt
ondt, isrer den stigende forurening.
H vis livet skal fortsrette, rna dansen om guldkalven bringes til oph0r, hrevder de, ellers vil
den natur, vi kender i dag, forsvinde i l0bet affa ar.

+I+ bestemt artikel IV

ved egennavne

1.

Indsret den bestemte artikel, hvor nodvendigt:

1.
2.

Could I make a phone call to ...... USA.

I read in ...... Guardian yesterday that there had been a fire in ...... Astoria. It was so
serious that the guests had to jump from the windows.
...... Cambridge is the seat of one of the most famous universities in the world.
His most intense wish was to visit ...... Jamaica and ... ... West Indies as a whole.
...... Titanic sank under mysterious circumstances.
...... New York Times reported that the banks of ...... Mississippi had been flooded
because of the heavy rainfall.

3.
4.
5.
6.

70

2.

3.
the National Gallery
the British Museum
the National Front

the Empire State Building

the White House
Men: Park Road

4.
Buckingham Palace
Liverpool Street
Oxford University
St. Paul's Cathedral

lndsret bestemt artikel, hvor nodvendigt:

1.
2.
3.
4.

The view from ...... National Gallery is fantastic .

... ... Nelson's column on ...... Trafalgar Square is 182ft tall.
.... .. Oxford Street is a famous shopping street in the heart of London.
.... .. Royal Mews (kongelige stalde) are certainly worth a visit.

"

Bemrerk altid

+ artikel, niir navnet indeholder en of-konstruktion:

the House of Commons

the Tower (of London)

<:> .

6.
,.

10.
11.
12.
13.

the University of London

the East End (of London)

From ... ... Houses of Parliament you can easily reach ...... Westminster Bridge.
...... Cambridge University competes with ...... Oxford University every year in the
famous boat race.
On the north side of .... .. Thames you will find ...... Embankment Gardens not far
from ..... . Cleopatra's Needle.
If you pass under .... .. Waterloo Bridge you have a splendid view of ...... Royal Festival Hall, and a moment later you will see Scott's ship .... .. Discovery.
If you leave ... .. . Thames after ...... Temple (the impressive buildings where lawyers
are educated), you should turn right and go down ...... Fleet Street. On your left is the
famous pub, ...... Old Cheshire Cheese not far from ...... Daily Express and ...... Sun.
When you continue, you will end up in ..... . City.
..... Old Bailey is the popular name for ... ... Central Criminal Court.
You may not wish to visit ...... Stock Exchange, but you will certainly want to spend
some time at ...... Museum of London.
If you want to shop around in fashionable boutiques and see the great plays, you will
have to go back to ...... West End, whereas ...... East End is known for its exotic
markets.
...... Planetarium next to Madame Tussaud's is certainly worth a visit.
71

BA

He put his hat on his head

.
.
{ legemsdele
possess1vt pronomen eller bestemt artikel ved
beklffidningsgenstande
He had his hands in his pockets

He hit him in the face

OBS: I passive sretninger bruges altid bestemt artikel:

He was shot through the heart
A

V relg mellem possessivt pronomen eller bestemt artikel:

1.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

She snapped (her/ the) fingers to wake him up .

They shook (the/ their) heads and left the room.
I gripped him by (his/ the) throat to scare him.
She was scratched on (the/ her) face by the cat.
He landed (his/ the) right hand on the opponent's jaw.
The boy was butted in (the/ his) stomach by the young bull.
He took her by (the/ her) hand and led her away from the scene of violence.
She was hit in (her/ the) back by a bullet.

Oversret:

.2.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

De tog hatten af, dade gik ind i kirken .

Han tabte trffibenet 2 meter for mallinien.
John mistede besindelsen, da han sa sin tidligere kone.
Jane bandt et torklrede om hovedet.
Peter slog Dennis i maven.
Hun blev ramt i hovedet af en fugleklat.
NB: Samme regel grelder for folgende udtryk: to make up one's mind
to lose one's way/ life
to be on one's way

7.
8.
9.
10.
72

De for vild i market, da deres lygte gik i stykker.

Pa vej hjem diskuterede de, hvem der skulle lave teen.
De kunne ikke bestemme, hvilken vej de skulle vrelge.
De slog vagten i hovedet med en jernstang.

PR

This/that
demonstrative pronominer

Bemrerk folgende udtryk:

I only met him this morning (her til morgen)
In this country(= her i landet)
Those who want to go, raise their hands! (de, der ... )
He is the one who did it (deter ham, der gjorde ... )
What made him do it was ... (det, der fik ham til at ... )
To this day we don't know what happened (den dag i dag ... )

Indsret det demonstrative pronomen:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

What is on TV ...... afternoon?

Look here! .... .. bicycle of mine is a wreck.
Who were ...... strange people at the party last night?
He has been gone ...... last few weeks.
He took a painting from the wall and said, ...... is my latest work.
.... .. one, next to the bookshelf, was my first painting.
I always come here because ... ... shop is the cheapest in town.
We have not had much snow ...... winter.
We were hard up in ...... days.
OBS: Den pige, der gjorde det (dansk: demonstrativt pronomen)
The girl who did it
(engelsk: bestemt artikel)

10.
11.
12.
13.

...... computers they made last year are hopelessly out-of-date today.
I haven't seen ... ... film you are talking about.
It's hard to decide, but !think I'll take .. .... , the one in the window is too expensive.
.... .. young couple who moved in next door have some strange habits .

Giv nu den prrecise

danske oversrettelse:
ental

here an d now
this=

there and t hen

that=

flertal

these=

those=
73

PR

It/there
Oversrettelsen af der som forel0bigt subjekt skaber normalt ikke problemer,
hvis du husker, at verbet retter sig i tal efter det egentlige subjekt (se kongruens s.
20).
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Oversret:
Der er mange arbejdsl0se unge ide engelske byer.
Der var ingen i huset, da ilden br0d ud.
Fortrel mig, hvis der er problemer i skolen.
Der var en udbredt (general) f0lelse af frustration i befolkningen.
Der var mange uheld pa grund af glat fme (slippery roads).
Der er ikke mange mennesker, sam kan huske krisen i 30'erne.

7.
8.
9.
10.

Der var koldt og viidt i det gamle hus.

Der var 3 tluer i suppen.
Pa side 24 still der, at helten elsker den fattige pige.
Hvor langt er der til New York fra San Francisco? Der er 3. 031 miles, mender er k ur:
2.875 miles til Washington D.C., og der er der en chance for at m0de prresidenten

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

J eg spurgte, hvem der havde taget bogen.

Der var langt hen til den nrermeste kro.
Der var udstillet mange kuriositeter i vinduet.
Sagde han, hvad der var i vejen?
Hvorfor sende bud efter politiet, niir der ikke er sket noget alvorligt?
Der var ingen, der vidste, hvordan de skulle l0se problemet.
Myndighederne forstod ikke, hvad der var arsag til ulykken.
Vi gik hen for at se, hvad der var i vejen.
Der kom tre gamle koner ud ad d0ren.

74

PR

Some/any
LiES :

I saw some very pretty houses today. I didn't see any gardens worth mentioning, though. Did you see any? Somebody told me about this picturesque village. It's so popular that I couldn't find any parking space for my car, however.
Can anybody help me?

lndsret some eller any:

1.

We haven't had ...... reports from

Lebanon for ...... days now.
Were there ...... letters for me this morning?
...... body must have heard the explosion.
I don't want to see ...... more reporters today.
Have you heard ...... gossip recently?
The poor dog wants .... ..thing to
eat - give it .... .. sausages!
Did ...... body see the accident?
There are ...... pretty tough looking
boys outside- do you know ...... of them?
He did it without ...... body's help.
Is .... .. body home?
I should like to give her ..... thing she
would really appreciate. Have you got ..... idea?

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
i 1.

Oversret:
PAS PA I:

noget =en smule (adverbium): somewhat/ a little

Vi blev noget skuffede = we were somewhat disappointed

PAS PA II:

Some say= nogle (mennesker) siger (flertal)

Somebody says =en eller anden siger (ental)

75

PR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
10.
11.

Gav din far dig ikke nogen penge?

Er der nogen af jer, der har vreret i Italien?
Politiet kunne ikke finde noget spor af tyvene.
Der er nogen, der venter pa dig udenfor.
Tror du, at du kan klare skrerene (to pull through) uden nogen hjrelp?
Noget senere fik vi at vide, at han havde vreret meget syg.
Er der nogen sprendende t0jbutikker her i nrerheden? Nej, mender er nogle meget
dyre butikker i centrum.
Duma meget gerne (you're welcome to) lane nogle af mine kriminalromaner.
Hun blev noget overrasket over at h0re, at hun havde vundet f0rsteprremien.
Han fandt kun nogle tomme kasser i garagen.
Nogen havde mbet resultatet f0r offentligg0relsen.

Indsret, og forklar, om bade some og any kan indsrettes, og hvad for

skellen bliver:
Lres, og forklar forskellen:
He is taller than some of his friends
Somebody must have done this on
purpose
Has he told somebody?
Don't you like some of the food?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

76

He is taller than any of his friends

Anybody could have done that by
accident
Has he told anybody?
Don't you like any of the food?

Let us meet ...... time.

They could not supply us with ...... more information.
Didn't I give you ...... money yesterday? I'm sure I did!
Shouldn't we do ...... thing about it?
..... .thing you say can and will be used against you, said the constable.
You may come ... ... day of the week except Sunday.
Look, do you see ... ... thing moving over there?
Have you heard ...... thing about your brother's accident yet?
Haven't I seen you ...... where before?
Could I have ...... lettuce, please?
Why are you so pale? Has ......thing happened?
Have you got ...... thing on your mind, young lady?
...... of the children may have been there.

PR

Sporgende pronominer

Bemrerk:

A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

which ... ? (hvem/ hvad

af et begrrenset an tal):
om personer: Which of your children did it?
om ting:
Which beer do you prefer, lager or
bitter?

Oversret:
Hvem sa dig pille ved (to tamper with) lasen?

J eg har kigget pa Atari og Commodore, og jeg ved ikke, hvad for en jeg skal k0be.
Hvad har du dog set, siden du er sa bleg?
Hvilken bil har Dei tankerne?
Hvad vil du gerne have, te eller kaffe?
Hvad er chancerne for, at han vil overleve?

Bemrerk: What is she like?

How is she?
What is it like to ... ?
What a nice garden!

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

=
=

=
=

Hvordan er hun?
Hvordan har hun det?
Hvordan er det at ... ?
Sikken en dejlig have!

Hvordan er dine forreldre, spurgte pigen nerv0st?

Hvordan var det at bes0ge Danmark igen efter sa mange ar?
Hvem bor i jeres hus nu?
Hvem af dem er din storebror?
Hvordan var vejret i Canada?
Hvordan havde dine svigerforreldre det?
Sikken en smart bil, han havde k0bt!
Hvordan kunne du glemme din egen f0dselsdag?
Hvordan sa bankr0veren ud?
Han vidste ikke, hvordan han skulle g0re det.
Han vidste ikke, hvordan det ville vrere at bo alene og lave sin egen mad.
Hvordan var det at sidde i frengsel?
77

PR

Relative pronominer

Bemmrk, at det relative pronomen kan udelades (som pa dansk),

nar det star som OBJEKT i smtningen.

Streg det forkerte ord ud:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

She had a husband (who/ whom) adored her.

It was my father (who/ which) climbed up to save the cat.
There's the footballer (who/which) was bought by Manchester United.
We caught the fox (which/ whom) had killed our chickens.
The film star, (who/ whom) had just been arguing with the waiter, suddenly sat
down next to us.

6.
7.
8.

She's the girl (whose/ which) sister is a beauty queen.

The lovely old house (whose/ which) we had just bought burnt down last night.
The consequences of the plan (whom/ which) we are considering now are difficult to
foresee.
What happened to the crew (which/ whose) ship went down after the collision?
This is the best film (which/ whom) I have seen for a long time.
Our dog, (who/ which) is worse than a spoilt child, refuses to eat anything but steak.
Mrs Winterbottom, (who/ whom) is definitely on the heavy side, was quite exhausted after her speech.
This is the true story of the housewife (which/ who) became the first ever South
American dictator.
This is the tale of Little Red Riding Hood, (which/ who) is one of the most popular
fairy tales ever.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

78

PR
P as pa folgende faldgruber:
I

II

III

IV

lJj:Y:t r~WB~ -:1ito'i'

,.

lf:JU..rr, ..fo.'lttr.iJ. ,.,.1!.9J0) ~ .

~~ff.fJ .ik~"_CJ~ls_:t:J~~fR;J.'lo((t~uX,)J..'(~??l~"~'}:,~b ~)-m)J:rt)!J\"9 ~\J)

r1~% ~mg-~J,;t\5 ~ ~r.,~ry:~1 1 .cnr~ iQ~_s))J r;y-oi,~i l50 D>

: . 'Jl)1~ -.e)}{t ~.t@ffi ;;;-~Z~1D ';:; wlififJ.dbA!?,' :v.:;:y ~E:~-::i:.~ l~~:i:i:r;-)J>~c 'l'\J ::q;-~".t'-5::\;A~;.
-

.------..-c

. .

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.

Den laorer, hun havde i de forste to ar, betod alt for hende.
Chaufforen gjorde alt, hvad han kunne for at undga ulykken.
Selvomhan var uerfaren, sejlede han alene i sinnye sejlbad, hvad der er tabeligt. Og
hvad der var vaorre, han bar ikke redningsvest.
De drenge, der gar nu, er min sosters born.
Den dag, hvor vi havde besluttet at tage af sted, fik vi besog af mine foraoldre.
Avisen, hvis oplag (circulation) var faldet drastisk, blev til sidst lukket.
Jeg er bange for, at deter alt, hvad jeg ejer og har.
Det, jeg provede at fortaolle dig, var, atjeg ikke kan komme til dit bryllup i morgen.
Den mand, som hun havde arbej det sa hardt fori alle dear, hvis born hun havde fodt
og opdraget, hvis hus hun havde passet, stak pludselig af med naboens kone.
Pa minfodselsdag, hvor jeg havdeinviteret alle de venner,jeg kunne komme i tanke
om, faldt jeg ned ad trappen og braokkede benet.
De, der kan stemme for (in favour of) forslaget, raok handen op!
Det, hun ikke kunne forsta, var, at bornene aldrig ville i seng.

4.
5.
6
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

79

R
Problembarnet blandt de relative pronominer er THAT:
THAT bruges bade om mennesker I dyr I ting

Men kun i bestemmende relativsretninger (se s. 81)

(Husk: that kan altid erstattes af who/ which)
He is the only man that (who) can help us
The girls that (who) had been disobedient had been sent home
The dress that (which) I wanted to buy had been sold
The parrots that (which) had been caught in Australia were sent out of the country
in secret
Hvis du er i tvivl, kan du bruge {

:~fch

MEN der rna stadigvrek aldrig vrere KOMMA foran en bestemmende relativsretning! Og da du nok er i tvivl om, hvad en bestemmende relativsretning er, sa se under
tegnsretning nreste side.

Indsret det relative pronomen, og sret komma, hvor nodvendigt:

1.
2.

I feel sick; perhaps the fish ...... I ate yesterday wasn't good.
Tommy and Mary ...... are playing in the garden are my wife's children of her first
marriage.
The street ...... leads to the school is much too narrow for heavy traffic.
The small self-effacing woman .. .. .. you see over there is the boss.
Mr Hattersfield ...... is our local butcher has organized a protest meeting.
Could I talk to the salesman ...... sold me this rust heap of a car.
The youngsters ...... had hired the car were not old enough.
My bank manager ...... I was speaking to yesterday is concerned about the state of
my account.
Shakespeare ..... is considered to be the world's greatest dramatist was born in a
little cottage in Stratford-on-Avon.
The elderly gentleman ..... . lives across the road has got married for the ninth time.
That swindler had simply sold the tickets ...... I had booked two weeks ahead.
The ship ...... crew and passengers had been taken hostage was stormed by the
Israeli troops.
In your letter ...... I only received this morning you ask for my permission to go ahead
with your plans. My answer ..... I am sure you had suspected is a clear no.
At a time ...... you would expect him to settle down with wife and children he has
joined the volunteers in El Salvador.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Tommy

80

Tegnsretning
Pa engelsk bruges komma til at an~Pve en pause
til at let'te forstaelsen

A (l) Lres folgende sretninger igennem; lreg mrerke til, hvor der (i modsretning til dans,k grammatisk kommatering) IKKE er komma:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

He admitted that he was tired

He did not know what was the matter
I was sorry because I couldn't come
Look how the children are enjoying themselves
Ask her if she can come
Peter turned pale when he heard about it
I don't know why she cried her eyes out
The others had left before we got there

f)

g)
h)
I

dvs:

KOMMA foran bismtninger, der et

logisk nodv endige for hovedsretningen
hrenger noje sammen med hovedsmtningen

A ( 2) Lre s folgende sre tninger; Ire g mrerke til, hvor der (til forskel fra dansk
grammatisk kommatering) IKK E er komma foran relativsretninger:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

I only want to marry a man who loves me madly.

The woman that wanted to see you suddenly left.
This is the gentleman (whom) I was talking about.
That is the car (which) I would love to have.
I want to speak to the boy whose bike was stolen.
My car, which I bought 2 years ago, is now a rust heap.
Vicky, whose mother remarried last year, hates her stepfather.
The boys, who had been in trouble before, were caught redhanded.

II

III

En parentetisk relativsretning (ret sjrelden) giver en ekstra oplysning, som

ikke er n0dvendig for at forsta, hvem eller hvad vi snakker om.

81

T
A(3) Forklar nu forskellen mellem:

a)
b)

The girls, who were good-looking, easily got married.

The girls who were good-looking easily got married.

A(4) Lres folgende sretninger igennem, helst hojt:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

The man had, in fact, stolen the car.

At the police-station, however, he told the truth.
She, too, fell for his charm.
John, Alice, Joan, and Peter disappeared without a trace.
When she arrived at long last, he had left.
You want to go, don't you?
She sighed, Please tell me!
He muttered, Excuse me!

IV

Indsret/ fjern kommaer, hvor deter nodvendigt:

1.

Have you eaten Ann?

The men in the street were strong red-faced young hooligans.
William kept his room in perfect order, and never had to be told, to c
wash his hands or put on a clean shirt.
The village is I believe a special favourite of t~&..tl!~l'l;l u~
Do you want me to give these pape
e ?
Jane Brown who had fallen
, was scared of hor ~
She asked him
t
,
o ved in California.
, hy it matters to me and sometimes I wonder my e__::
ce to explain the situation to my boss he sacked me.
ack'ers who had boarded the plane in Athens surrendered to the Italian am::_which had surrounded the aeroplane.
The shop whose owner had been taken ill had been closed for a week.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9
10.
11.
12.
82

Prreposition

+ that -

PM

aldrig i livet!

He was unhappy ~that he failed his exam

Du har 3 muligheder for at UNDGA prreposition + that-sretning:

Prrepositionen kan ofte udelades efter

substantiver: ingen tvivl om, at= no doubt that
ingen ide om, at = no idea that
og adjektiver: bange for, at= afraid that
ked af, at = sorry that
overrasket over, at= surprised that

Denne mulighed b0r kun bruges, nar det er n0dvendigt.

The fact kan selvf0lgelig kun bruges, hvis det, der f0lger efter, er en kendsgerning. Alt efter indholdet kan der bruges idea/ possibility/ chance/ risk etc.

Denne l0sning er ofte tung

OBS: Deter ingen l0sning at udelade that!

Der er en hel del fejl i folgende sretninger! Ret, hvor nodvendigt:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Her parents were very much against that their da

ter midnight.
I must remind you of you still owe me~w._EU\l.Qill@\
The novel ends that she decide
r
ney (to end with) .
His friends had arra
e dmg without his knowing it.
Later she I
c ed to share a flat with her boyfriend.
S
u nd would leave her some day.
In
nows that the rain forests are vital for the world climate,
tho an
acres are cleared every day.
He ad no doubt about the fact that the story might be true.

8.

83

PM
B

Oversret:

1.

Han var overrasket over, at hun havde sagt ja til jobbet.

Han sa godt ud til trods for, at han ikke havde barberet sig i flere dage.
De talte om, at de ville k0be hus i Spanien.
Postbudet var bange for, at hunden ville bide ham.
Terroristerne havde medbragt vabnene, uden at politiet havde opdaget det.
B0rnene var kede af, at de skulle hjrelpe med havearbejdet (the gardening) .
Vi henleder Deres opmrerksomhed pii (to draw one's attention to), at vi ikke accepterer noget ansvar.
Ulykken skyldes (to be due to) muligvis, at bilisten havde drukket.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.

OBS: Udtrykket to see to(= at s0rge for) f0lges altid afit!

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Jeg skal s0rge for, at dette uheld (unfortunate occurrence) ikke sker igen.
AI Smith bar fundet beviser for (proof of), at Bigfoot er mere end en myte.
Har du trenkt pii, at turen bliver meget dyrere end beregnet.
Bedstefar fortalte altid om, hvordan han havde krempet mod indianerne.
Hun var skuffet over, at hun dumpede til eksamen.
Vii De s0rge for, at alle formaliteterne er ordnet (to deal with) inden turen?

Oversret:

I en rrekke tilfrelde kan du med fordel rendre udtrykket pa forskellige

mader:
without my knowing it = without my knowledge
because of their being poor = because of their poverty
the reason for my being here= the reason why I am here
worry over the fact that= worry because
talk about = mention/ say

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

84

J eg rna referere til, at De i Deres tidligere brev forsikrede mig om, at forsikringen
drekkede ulykken.
Efterretningsvresenet havde aflyttet Joe J ohnsons telefon i 3 uger, uden at han vidste det.
I begyndelsen afromanen taler hovedpersonen om, a than baber pa, at denrige onkel d0r hurtigst muligt.
Regeringen var ikke bekymret til trods for, at inflationen havde niiet 18%.
Han var bekymret over, at hun havde vreret gift f0r.
Arsenals trrener tr0stede sig med (to take comfort in), at hans hold sikkert ville vinde de nreste kampe.
Alle vidnerne g0r opmrerksom pa, at anklagede fors0gte at bestikke dem med storE
pengebel0b.
Det lykkedes ham at g0re romanen frerdig til trods for, at han var syg.
Mekan''ceren har luvet at s0rge for, at bilen er frerdig til pa mandag.

Prreposition

+ infinitiv -

PM

heller aldrig!

Han gik uden at sige et ord mere = He left without saying another word

Gor sretningerne frerdige ved at vrelge en prreposition og et verbum

fra de to ordkasser:

1.

He wasn't too keen .. .... the truth.

His mates accused him .. .... a coward.
We have had certain difficulties .... .. spare parts for this model.
Our daughter is very fond ..... .
When I was young I used to be very good ..... baseball.
He wanted to thank us ...... to his rescue.
He earned his pocket-money ...... bottles by the roadside and ...... them at the supermarket.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

to play to be to get to ride to tell

to collect-to sell to come

in of for
on of by at

Lav en hel sretning med hvert af nedenstaende udtryk:

(Husk at bruge et verbum efter prrepositionen!)

7.

1.
2.
3.

to be tired of
to begin by
to be against

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Sagforeren insisterede pa at vrere til stede under forhoret.

Hun var ganske imponeret over at vrere i sa fornemt selskab.
Du rna vrere stolt over at have arbejdet i sa mange ar uden at have vreret syg.
Gronlrenderne protesterede imod at blive behandlet pa denne made.
Det lykkedes ikke den amerikanske regering at overbevise de europreiske lande om
nodvendigheden af at foroge militrerudgifterne.
Han var vant til at arbejde med slanger og andre krybdyr.
Efter at have arbejdetsomlrerer i Londons East End i 7 ar lykkedes detham at blive
forflyttet til det idylliske Dorset.

6.
7.

4.
5.
6.

to be bad at
to be ashamed of
to be suspected of

8.
9.

to know about
to be shocked at
to be better at

85

Tidsprrepositioner
I in- on- at

lndsret den korrekte prreposition i folgende samtale:

Bemrerk -;- prreposition:
next (week)
I shall be home all next week
last (month)
We went to bed late last night
this (year)
This summer we are going to stay at home

What did you just say?

My parents are coming .
this week?
When?
Saturday.
Christmas!
Why, they were here
Really, Billy! that was
1980.
Well, they were here
last year as well, I'm sure.
Oh, you mean
my birthday. Honestly, they only came
4 o'clock and left
5.30.
what time do you think they'll be here?
dinner-time, I suppose.
the week-end, you know that!
Saturday I'm going to
Well, I won't be at home
Manchester to watch United and
the evening I am to meet the boys at the local.
Sunday,
the afternoon, I've promised to help Michael in the garden. But do say hello
to your parents when they come!
oo

00 0000

000000

000000

000000

oooo .

000000

000000

000000

000000

oooo

0000 00

000000

000000

II ago - for - in - during

86

000000

p
B

Oversret folgende sretninger:

(Der er eksempler pa bade I og II)

l.

Jeg skal vrere hjemme kl. 2, siger min mor.

Det skete for mange ar siden, da jeg stadig var ung.
Om 3 uger vil jeg sidde pa en restaurant i Paris.
De boede i Brighton i en uge.
Skibet sank kl. 12 om natten, men alle blev reddet.
Om 14 dage begynder udsalget i Harrods .
I 1984 tog vi til Spanien- jeg skallove for, at deter varmt der om sommeren.
Lrereren lavede mange fejl i timen, fordi han var nerv0s.
Hun byggede carporten pa en uge, selvom hun aldrig havde brugt en sav f0r.
Deter min f0dselsdag pa fredag; lad os invitere nogle grester.
Om torsdagen kommer han altid hjem kl. 5.
Skal du af sted om en uge? Bliver du vrek i en hel uge?
I nreste uge kommer min onkel hjem fra Canada.
FN fejres d. 24. oktober, og kvinderne fejrer sig selv d. 8. marts.
Vi sa et rumskib i sidste uge, for 5 dage siden.
Stedet ligner en sp0gelsesby om vinteren, men sen ere pa aret, til paske, vender feriehorderne (holiday crowds) tilbage.

2.
3.
-!.

o.
6.
7.
9.

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Oversret:

Den mystiske smukke kvinde dukkede op for 5 ar siden, d. 23. august 1982 for at vrere helt
prrecis. Hun har kun boet her i 4 ar- hvad lavede hun i 1986, det ar, hun var borte? Var
det hende, der ringede med kirkeklokken om natten i en hel uge i min sommerferie?
Det var dog nresten vrerre, at prresten forsvandt i den samme uge for 6 maneder siden. Til
jul fik borgmesteren et brev, hvori der stod, at han ville komme tilbage til nreste ar- om
formiddagen! Han afsl0rede ogsa, at det var den mystiske kvinde, der havde bortf0rt ham
d. 18. juli tidligt om morgenen. De havde sa vreret pa farten i 5 dage, i l0bet afhvilke han
havde lrert hende at kende srerdeles godt. Hun var en overordentlig tiltrrekkende dame.

87

Stedsprrepositioner I

fJ } {

PA
I

Engelsk sprogbrug minder meget om dansk:

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The portrait of the Queen was hanging on the wall.

A huge, black spider was crawling on the ceiling.
There is tough competition on the labour market.
The bird was singing sadly in its golden cage.
He was still in bed when we called for him.
There was not much furniture left in the room after the burglary.

Problembarnet er specielt AT:

7.
8.

Put your finger at the place where it hurts.

She was always at the centre of everybody's attention.

A( I) Indfej ON/ IN/ AT, sa felgende tommelfingerregel passer:

Bemrerk specielt brugen af AT, nar stedet opfattes sam punkt pa en skala:
The aeroplane flew at a very low altitude
They found the gun at the bottom of the lake
She became famous at the age of five

A(2) Indsret ON/ IN/ AT, sa sretningerne bliver korrekte:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
88

Put the glasses ...... the table without dropping any.

Let's put the aerial ...... the top of the flagstaff- we might get a better reception.
The Danish team found it difficult to play ...... such a high altitude.
He was lying ..... . his knees scrubbing the floor.
The boys were standing ...... the corner, waiting for the girls.
You could see the fire ...... a distance of several miles.
His name was not ... the top of the list of graduates, but then it wasn't ...... the botto!L
either.
The sweets were lying ..... . the top drawer out of baby's reach.

p
Bemoork felgende faste udtryk:
"Jt"L- LZ.n.e Ia

~ -

9.
10.
11.
12.

at the top
above the middle
} in the middle
below the middle
<at the bottom
on page 9
<-

'Jrc L:Aes 21 - 2. -:3

'~GAl

Please turn to page 89 and tell me what you see ...... the top of the page.
There is a beautiful description of the scenery ...... page 21, ...... the middle.
...... the middle of the floor they found a small trapdoor.
He screamed .... .. the top of his voice.

Sterre problemer opstar, hvor dansk og engelsk sprogbrug er forskellig:

(1)

PA =IN:

(2)

PA =AT (ved ma.Iet for opmrerksomhed o.lign.):

(3)

PA =AT/ IN (ved institutioner/ offentlige bygninger):

(4)

I= ON (ved fjernsyn/ radio):

p
(5)

I= AT/ IN (ved byer):

Indsret ON/ IN/ AT:

1.

The whole family were ...... the airport to meet him.

I always get totally confused when I'm ...... an airport, so I never fly.
The air is purer ... ... the country, they say.
The dirt comes from the pigeons which are always resting ...... my roof.
My husband is still ...... the factory, but I expect him back any minute.
The little girl was standing all alone ...... the street, looking for her dad.
Did you see the beautiful new altar ...... the church?
Dad is very excited at the thought of working ...... his new office?
He is rt'ever at home - he spends a lot of time ..... No 10, Downing Street.
They stopped for lunch .. .... Taunton, a small village in Devon.
What is ...... the radio tonight?
A bird ...... the hand is worth two ... ... the bush, so the proverb goes.
There was an exciting match ...... lTV last night.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Bemrerk: to arrive in: ved store byer, store 0er, og lande

to arrive at: aile andre steder

to ft~ to.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

We finally arrived ...... Edinburgh.

After a long, difficult joumey he arrived ...... his destination.
You often feel depressed ... .. . an English graveyard, it is so cold and barren.
Will you be ...... the station to meet me?
She lives ... ... a lovely bungalow ...... the end of this street.

Oversret:

1.

Hans kone var sygeplejerske og arbejdede pa det nye hospital i byen.

Hendes halskrede la pa bunden af sv0mmebassinet.
Han var gal, fordi han var landet i denne gudsforladte by.
Sa kunne han lige sa godt vrere blevet pa den 0de 0.
Han kunne ikke m0de hende pa det aftalte sted, fordi han var blevet syg.
Pa loftet var der store pletter, og i hj0rnerne var der enorme spindelvrev.
Men hvad der var vrerre, han fandt en skorpion i sengen.
Fra sengen kunne han ligge og betragte stjernerne pa himlen om aftenen.
Hun kunne se de mange sprendende ting, der skete pa gaden i sit gadespejl.
Hent lige avisen, sa vi kan se, hvad der er i radioen i aften.
Ved foden af sengen stod der en flaske whisky pa et lille bord.
Han fors0gte at drukne sin sorg og smerte, mender var ikke meget tilbage i flask en.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

90

Stedsprrepositioner II
in/ into

II

about/ around

II

between/ among

II

towards / against

in/ into
1.
2.
3.
4.

He went for a walk in the park

He went into the park to look for his children
She was swimming in the water
He jumped into the pool to join her but then she jumped out(!) of the water

A(l) Placer IN/ INTO ved de rigtige tegninger, og lav en sretning til
hver:

Altsa: inde i = ... . . .

ind i = ... . . .

about/ (a)round
1.
2.
3.
4.

The girl walked about in the wood in search of mushrooms

The boat sailed (a)round Manhattan Island on the sightseeing tour
He rose angrily and started walking about in the dining-room
She wrapped the paper around his birthday present

A(2) Placer ABOUT/ AROUND ved de rigtige tegninger, og lav en

sretning til hver:

Altsa: bevrege sig omkring pa rna og fa = . . ... .

bevrege sig omkring noget, et centrum =

.. .. . .

91

between/ among
1. The path between the house and the road is all muddy

2. He felt lost among the many unfamiliar faces

3. Between you and me he is a fake but don't tell anyone else
4. A strike has broken out among teachers because of a wage dispute

A(3) Placer BETWEEN/ AMONG ved de rigtige tegninger, og lav en

sretning til hver:

Altsa: mellem to = ......

mellem flere end to

= ......

towards/ against
1. He ran towards the tree when he discovered the furious bull

2. He hurt his nose seriously when he ran against the tree

3. They sailed towards unknown shores
4. The ocean liner sailed against a huge iceberg and sank soon after

A(4) Placer TOWARDS/ AGAINST ved de rigtige tegninger, og lav en

sretning til hver:

Altsa: retning imod =

fysisk kontakt

92

.... ..
=

.... ..

p
Bemrerk: vende sig om imod =turn to( wards)
vende sig imod (i protest) = turn against
arbejde henimod = work towards (an end)
krempe imod/ med =fight (against)

Indsret de rigtige prrepositioner:

1.
2.
3.
4.

The natives danced (around/ about) the holy tree.

I found the letter (between/ among) the papers in the wastepaper basket.
He lost his way (in/ into) the jungle when a monkey stole his compass.
He walked (about/ around) nervously before he opened the door of the consulting
room.
There is an open space (among/ between) the two houses where we can play football.
He nearly fell (in/ into) the well when he tried to get water.
Have no fear- you are (between/ among) friends, he consoled her.
The top drawer was not (in/ into) its place, and the contents were scattered all over
the room.
He had a fair night's sleep (between/ among) the sheets after the long journey.
He went (in/ into) the jungle in search of gold, but he came out as poor as a churchmouse.
She pointed (to/ against) the west where there was a lovely sunset.
The whole town turned (towards/ against) him after he had tried to overthrow the
mayor.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Pludselig sa han havet mellem to h0je bygninger.

Han har mange sjove ting i sin taske, kan du tro.
De blev bange, da han kom gaende hen imod dem med en pistol i handen.
Fra luften kunne manse, hvordan badene sejlede rundt om 0en.
De f0rte ham ind i vrerelset med bind for 0jnene.
Drengene gemte sig mellem buskene i haven.
Hvis du gifter dig med ham, er det imod mine 0nsker.
Han f0lte, at alle var imod ham efter frengselsopholdet.
Astronauterne bevregede sig rundt i rumskibet i slow motion.
Pludselig f0lte han sig angst mellem de mange tilskuere.
Dade dansede rundt om juletrreet, opdagede de, at hunden ogsa fulgte med.
Han gik hen imod hende med et stort smil og en buket blomster.
Det viste sig, at han var faldet i en bundl0s sump.
Andorra ligger mellem Frankrig og Spanien.

93

Stedsprrepositioner III
I overI above

II

under / below

across/ over

over/ above

I at/ by

II

at+ 's/ with I

under / below

1. James pulled his blanket over his head because of

the thunder
2. The boy carried his fishing rod over his shoulder
3. The star was right above his head
4. The top of the building is 300 yards above sea level
5. He placed his gun under his pillow, just in case
6. John hid his sister's book under her bed to annoy
her
7. The submarine was operating 100 yards below the
surface
8. The barometer stood below 32 F

A(l) Indsret den korrekte prreposition:

Over, hen over, ofte i kontakt med

Over, hzevet i niveau over
Under, neden under, pa undersiden af
Under, i niveau under

across/ over
1.
2.
3.
4.

The US bombers flew across the Mediterranean to reach Libya

The car bumped so much over the rough ground that she felt sick
The girl walked across the busy street to fetch her old mother
She looked over the hedge to watch the sweet life around the neighbour's swimming-pool

He was desperately trying to crawl across the desert.

A(2) Oversret: across= ..... .

over= ..... .

94

p
at/ by
1.
2.
3.
4.

He was standing at the counter, filling in the form

He was standing by the piano while he was singing
She was sitting at the window, looking for customers
She was sitting by the window, reading Fanny Hill

A(3) Indsret at/by

...... betegner placering, beskteftigen sig med
...... betegner udelukkende placering (ved siden af)

at

+ 's / with

1. He lives at his uncle's

2. We met at his father's
3. He lives with his uncle
4. She lives with her mother

}
}

(dansk hos)

adresse
i samvcer med

Indsret den rigtige prreposition:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Vegetation was found immediately ... .. . the snow line.

Be careful, there is a spider right ...... your head.
In the police warning he was described as being .... .. middle height.
The jet fighters were not allowed to fly ...... French territory.
The player had his penalty kick fisted ... ... the crossbar by the goalkeeper.
The valley is .. .... the village to the left in the photo.
The underground runs far ...... the main street.
You must not stand ...... the ladder - it is dangerous!
There are several bridges ..... . the Thames.
The car was parked .. .... the phone booth.
She was seated ...... the open window, listening to the birds.
They were sitting .. .. .. the table, having coffee and brandy.
His wife was sitting ...... his bed throughout his illness knitting sweaters.
The manager sat down ... ... the table to sign his own resignation.
The money was paid out ...... the counter after I had complained for half an hour.
The hole in the wall was a yard ...... the floor .
He sailed ...... the sound in his new sailboat.

95

Opbyggelige opslagsovelser
i prrepositioner
Tag et kopi af side 122-24, hvor de danske udtryk star anf0rt alfabetisk; skriv de engelske
udtryk ind pa denne liste. Sa har du altid en alfabetisk opslagsliste over de udtryk med
prreposition, som hyppigt voider problemer, fordi dansk/ engelsk sprogbrug er forskellig.
Alle kan finde i ALD og mange ogsa i en dansk-engelsk ordbog.

I Verbum
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.

96

+ prreposition

You cannot accuse me ... ... not trying.

Do you agree .. .... us ..... . this question?
He aimed ... ... her but didn't pull the trigger.
She was quite annoyed ...... her ex-husband's insinuations.
You must try to answer ..... . all the questions.
He applied ...... a visa to the USA.
We all arrived .. .... the party on time.
When shall we arrive ...... England?
A young man has been asking ...... you all morning, Sir.
I really don't believe ..... . all his stories about girls.
Many people believe ...... alternative medicine.
Do you think we could borrow the car .... . your dad.
Could you change a ten-pound-note ...... pound notes?
He had been charged ...... shop lifting once before but was now out on probation.
The actress didn't want to comment ...... the newspaper stories about her latest escapades.
The workers had to complain ...... headache and nausea before the working conditions at the factory were looked into.
He finally convinced the police .... .. his innocence.
John felt he could cope ...... any situation when he had had a few drinks.
Mr Scrooge was certainly cured ...... his greed in Dickens' A Christmas Carol.
His latest novel deals .. .. .. the harsh social conditions and unemployment in
Northern England.
I hate to admit it, but I shall always depend ...... you.
I have always doubted ...... his word.
What happened .... .. the people who were arrested last night?
She introduced modern business principles ..... . the schools.
Will you introduce me ...... your mother, please.
Will you keep an eye ...... the car while I do the shopping?
He simply laughed ...... her new dress.
I wouldn't lie ...... you, he said, looking at her with his clear, blue eyes.
They had to live ...... a very small income when John was made reduntant.
She had looked ...... the children ever since they were married, but then one day
she walked out on him.
He looked ... .. . the stranger without hiding his contempt.
The last time I saw him he was looking ...... a job in London.
He looked ...... the young man as a sort of son.
I didn't quite know what he meant ...... that expression.
His lawyer objected ...... most of the questions asked by the Counsel for the Pro ecution.

p
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
4 7.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.

I certainly prefer a job in industry .. .... a long university education.

His friends tried to prevent him ...... marrying.
She reminded him ...... what he had said the day before.
You really mustn't reply ...... any questions, her lawyer warned her.
He learnt to ride ...... a bicycle the hard way.
The neighbours sent ...... the police when they heard the loud quarrel from the flat
on the ground floor.
With a sad and overbearing smile the teacher shook ...... his head.
The police have sent out warnings that they would shoot .... .. anybody who took
part in demonstrations.
That man is always shouting ...... his wife.
The victims were shouting ...... pain after the explosion.
The handsome young man was smiling ...... her all the time but never said a word.
He kept staring ...... the beautiful girl - he couldn't take his eyes off her.
Her husband suddenly felt a pang of jealousy, something he rarely suffered ......
My next-door neighbours suggested .. .... me that we should arrange a garden
party.
Nobody could really suspect her ...... shop-lifting.
What subjects do you teach ...... ?I teach ...... Latin and French.
Everybody kept throwing stones ...... the poor woman.
Please translate the following sentences ...... English.
Are you going to vote ...... the Social Democrats or the Labour Party?
At last they decided to vote ... ... the question of pupil participation.
I won't be a minute - could you wait ...... me?

II Adjektiv
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

+ prreposition

How can you possibly be afraid ...... mice?

He was angry ...... her having left him.
John was angry ...... Jim because he had let him down.
Don't be ashamed ...... what you have done.
Peter was astonished ...... the proposal.
I am sorry, but I'm very bad ...... maths.
I'm better .... .. languages, however!
Are you quite certain ...... that?
It is very characteristic ...... him to forget the appointment.
Jean is clever .... .. riding a horse, far better than driving a car.
He is definitely conscious ...... the problems he has caused.
I'm very critical ...... our new senior master.
Small children are often cruel ...... animals.
She is still dependent ...... her parents.
I'm deeply disappointed ...... you, John.
They were disappointed ...... the outcome of the negotiations.
He is engaged ...... a very nice girl, his mother said.
Old people are generally very fond ...... children.
I'm frightened ...... the thought of seeing him again.
She is extremely good ...... windsurfing.
He was found guilty ...... shop-lifting.
They are not happy ...... the situation.
We are keen ...... having a go at it.
The Russian population seems to be ignorant .. .. .. the dangers of nuclear power.

97

p
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.

Of course it is important ...... me.

He felt that he was quite independent ..... , his parents because he had won the pools.
He is jealous .. .... his wife's family.
She is married .... .. a very stupid man, I'm afraid.
You must be polite ...... your father!
Jack is extremely popular ...... his mates.
I said you should be polite ...... you father, not rude ...... him!
We were all very shocked .. .... the information of the escape of radioactive material
from the power plant.
They were all surprised ...... the news.
It is typical .. .. .. him to be absent now that we need him.

III Substantiv
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9,
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

The lawyer's belief ...... his client was crumbling.

The cause ...... his downfall was a lawsuit.
My confidence ...... my father has not diminished by this accident.
You will realize the difficulty .. .. .. planning for more than two months ahead.
This example is an exception ...... the rule you have just mentioned.
Is that an explanation ... .. . why you are late?
Her fear ...... losing him turned out to be justified.
There is a growing fear .. .... the safety of the deep-sea divers.
I won't tell you my opinion ...... him just now - you must have patience.
The possibility ...... a new price war is bigger than ever after this merger.
What is the purpose ...... doing it right now?
I think you could look upon it as a proof ...... his allegiance.
I can't see any reason ...... your truancy.
This is no reply ...... my question, I'm afraid.
He is a teacher ... .. . English and Religion, probably the best we have!
If that man goes free he will be a threat ...... every woman in the town.
These roses bear witness ...... his bad conscience.

IV Prreposition
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

98

+ prreposition

substantiv/ adjektiv

You must do it .. .. .. another way - I told you so!

There are many trees ... ... an English field.
He has lived ...... the country for the last 10 years.
The cows have been grazing ...... the meadow for two weeks.
Peter arrived in London last night ...... air, not ...... train as he had said.
.. .... least tell the truth, will you?
We are fifteen in here .. .. .. average -it is only today we are so few.
You should have told me ...... advance about your problems.
I can honestly say I did it ...... accident.
He donated a large sum of money ...... support ...... the local candidate.
He is ...... charge ofthe firm, in fact in total control after having bought more shares.
The house was ...... fire when we returned from the cinema.
He was very entertaining at the dinner party ...... spite .. ... the fact that he had lo :
his wife recently.
.. .... the whole I find the party was a success.
I swear that I did not do it ..... purpose.
Well, couldn't we swop roles ...... a change?
Many poor people live ..... the outskirts of Mexico City.
If we had had the information .... .. that moment, we would have acted different!_

Stavning
1

-~~hiutt~d~~t~"ffij.,~Aj ,~ __ l~~~~ ,~~~..;---- ~mi~ii?~~r.L:

JJgffi'tnl~~~~ifili~Jwl.l~~~~rf(KQl1f:l~t.W@C'!l]l;,

~~~-----

~-~-

~-~--------~~--__:_-~--~~----

till
skill
will

until
skilful
wilful

full

awful
beautiful
wonderful

Men: full-time

always
already
almighty
although

Men: all right

all

-..
.

~
____

...

___ ....

full milk
full-blooded

all-round
all-important

Once I went.. .. .. London ...... see all the sights. Thejourneywas .. .. .. long ...... enjoy it. Anyway, I had .... . visit .. .... many ch'. 'hes in ...... few days. In London there are .... .. many
people and ...... much fog, and it is ...... hotin the summer .... .. enjoy walking ...... all those
places of interest. And ...... go by tube is ...... expensive and also .... .. boring. It is much
more interesting ...... go by bus . Boy, I should certainly like ...... go ...... London again, but
not ...... many times.
Hvilken ordklasse kommer efter

too+
to +
to +

Has anybody heard .. .. .. Claire Castle? Well, it's just north ...... the town ..... Lowe, ......
the main road to Kingston. Let's take the day .. .. .. and visit the place. The teacher
suddenly broke ..... : I won't be accused ...... taking any risks. So let's bring a coil ...... rope
to tie round our waists like mountaineers. Then none .. .... you will fall .. ... the high walls. Or
maybe we should agree to keep .. .... the walls? We mustn't be short ...... food, so let's bring
tins ...... sardines, beans and fruit. Can any ...... you get hold ...... a map ...... thearea?Well,
is everybody ready? ...... we go, then!

Hvilket af ordene har nresten altid noget at gore m ec1 bevregelse? .. . ..

99

s
5

happy
destroy
carry

happiest
destroys
carries

happier
destroyer
carrier

Y~IE

happily
destroyed
carried

destroying
carrying

Brug nu fantasien, og tilfaj sa mange (faktisk forekommende) endelser som muligt pa falgende ord:

play
fly

pray
gay
early
buy
try
hurry
stay
delay
cry
copy
supply

Pas pa f0lgende uregelmressige stavemader:

pay
say
lay

100

paid
said
laid

lie
die
tie

lying
dying
tying

s
6

Konsonantfordobling

Sammenlign:
hop
stop
regret

hopping
stopping
regretting

hope
stoop
suffer

PS : Pa britisk engelsk fordobles afsluttende

travel - travelled

hoping
stooping
suffering

[JJ

ogsa i tryksvag endelse :

Al

Tilfej -er til felgende ord:

A2

Tilfej -ed til felgende ord:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

begindreamdevelop banlovewaittravel wmthinbig -

1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

drumenterobscure occur promiseshovel soak stare star visit -

A3

Tilfej -ing til felgende ord:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

preferdiffer come occurcureshut-

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

look behave appealgallopcancelprohibit -

5.

NB: bus- many buses (men: bussing is common in the USA)

gas - kinds of gases (men: he was gassed in the accident)
PS: Du kan altid sla op i ALD, hvis du er i tvivl:
Hvis konsonanten skal fordobles, star det angivet, fx pit (-tt-).
101

'

'

s
7

Stort begyndelsesbogstav

Oftere end pa dansk!! Bemrerk specielt disse forskelle:

Oversret:

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

En kold og vad september aften ...

I ar har vi haft usredvanlig mange pakistanske flygtninge.
B0rnene fik en ekstra uges ferie i januar.
De kristne blev forfulgt (to be persecuted) i det gamle Rom.
De blev gift i maj og skilt f0r jul.
Mange mennesker er arbejdsl0se i Nordengland.
I de seneste (most recent) ar harder vreret flere vinskandaler i Sydeuropa.

Oversret:

1.

Sir Winston Churchill, der var leder af det engelske konservative parti, var en helt
for aile englrendere, ja ogsa for danskerne, under den anden verdenskrig.
Peter sagde: Skal vi ikke se parlamentet, specielt underhuset, nu da vi er i gode
gamle England.
Danskerne er glade for deres dronning ogden kongelige familie, isrer til nytfu.
Danskerne er protestanter, italienerne er katolikker, englrenderne er anglikanere
dvs. medlemmer af Church of England, og russerne er ateister, eller er de?
Om sommeren regner det, isrer i maj og j uni, mens der er sne i jan uar og februar, men
sjreldent til paske.
300 indianere blev drrebt i slaget ved Wounded Knee.
Den amerikanske borgerkrig var bl.a. forarsaget af negersp0rgsm8.let.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
102

Brokkassen
De f0lgende problemer fin des udf0rligere behandlet i ENTEN ELLER, 0vebog i engelske
synonymer.

Ferst
AT FIRST

OBS: f0rst da .. = only when ... eller not until ... .

Husk omvendt ordstilling efter disse udtryk, nar de star f0rst i sretningen.

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Jeg vil ikke ga, f0r du kommer.

F0rst syntes de, at opgaven var let, senere opdagede de, at de havde taget fejl.
Gift dig f0rst, nar du har rad til det!
F0rst var han glad over, at han var faret vild, men snart savnede han sin mor.
F0rst skal du lrese, hvad der star pa smudsbindet (dust jacket), dernrest skal du lrese romanens sidste side, og til sidst fortrelle lrereren, at nu har du lrest den bog.
F0rst da han var gaet, gik det op for hende, hvad hun havde mistet.

6.

Pas pa: not ... before = ikke f0r (men maske senere) (ret sjrelden)
Forklar forskellen: John was not happy until he married Louise
John was not happy before he married Louise

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Den anklagede ville ikke svare, f0r hen des sagf0rer kom.
K0b ikke bilen, f0r den bliver billigere.
Sta f0rst af toget, nar det holder stille.
F0rst da politiet kom til syne, trak demonstranterne sig tilbage.
F0rst var han dybt forelsket, senere k0lnedes hans lidenskab.
De kunne f0rst tage til USA, nar de havde tjent penge nok.
Gift dig i det mindste ikke, f0r du har rad til det.
103

- - -- - - - - - -

As/ like

lndsret AS eller LIKE:

1.

Nothing bores me ... ... French.

Of course she doesn't have to vote ...... we do.
He finally found a job .... .. a lift boy in Toronto.
This stuff is red ..... . blood but in fact it is paint.
.... .. his father he spent a year in London to learn the trade from the bottom.
.... .. a boy he had been very clumsy, just ...... his father.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

When/ as

Oversret:

1.

Da jeg var i din alder, n'lg jeg sandelig ikke cigaretter.

Dahan kom hjem, opdagede han, at der havde vreret indbrud.
J eg vil n0digt sidde ved siden af ham, da han er sa pralende.
Dahan ikke var frerdig med sit arbejde, kunne han ikke komme til festen.
Da de kom hen til postkassen, sa de, at den allerede var t0mt.
Eleverne stormede ud af klassen, da ilden bmd ud.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

104

--

~-

--

Det danske man

Der findes pa engelsk ikke et bestemt ord, der svru:er til man. Skal ordet oversrettes,
har du f0lgende grengse muligheder:

THEY
} bruges, hvis man kan erstattes af de/ folk:
PEOPLE
Man siger, at han drikker =They/ people say that h~ drinks
WE

bruges, hvis man kan erstattes af vi:

Man skal tage livet, som det kommer =We must take life as it comes

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Man ma S0rge for sin familie.

Man skulle have gjort, hvad der blev sagt.
Man skal altid vrere pa vagt.
Man laver gode kameraer i Japan.
Man oplever sjreldent den slags i Danmark.
Man troede, han havde lrert af sine fejltagelser.
Man fandt ud af, at den gamle mand havde vreret syg i mange ar.
Manser mange fattige mennesker i New York.
Man skal vrere forsigtig, nar man drikker sodavand.

105

Blive
I Ved PASSIV bruges:

PS: to get bruges sommetider:

He got excited - she got disappointed - she got dressed

Undga dog at danne passiv pa denne made, da den mest

horer hjemme i dagligsproget

II Om OVERGANG til en anden tilstand bruges:

Oversret:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

J eg blev ganske mrt, da b0rnene kom med blomster.

Han blev gul af (with) misundelse.
Begge bmdre blev drrebt i Vietnam.
B0rnene blev chokeret, dade h0rte, at forreldrene var blevet skilt.
Han blev mindre voldelig, da han blev reldre.
Publikum blev tavse, da de opdagede, hvad der var sket.
Han blev fuld, da han pmvede at drikke whisky for f0rste gang.
Hun blev fyret, da hun blev gravid.

106

To mean/ to think

NB:

Do you really mean what you just said? =

Are you serious about what you just said?

Indsret det rigtige ord:

1.

Do you ...... that it will rain today?

I suppose you .... . you are very clever.
What I said was ...... as a joke.
He ...... that the main character acted heroically.
I .... .. that cars ought to be forbidden.
My brother-in-law did not ..... . that he could come.
What she ..... . was that she wanted us to leave.
We ought to go home, don't you ...... so?
Unlike you, I really ...... that we should increase the import duty on cars.
I honestly ...... that the goal should be disallowed!

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

107

ALD

ALD-evelser
1. ALD til almindelig orientering
Du kan fa stor forncajelse af ALD, nar du bruger den som almindeligt opslagsvoork
for sproglige, kulturelle og tekniske oplysninger.

A(l) Find ud af, hvad de folgende forkortelser kan sta for:

e.g.

PAYE

VAT

W.C.

I.O.U.

P.O.W.

VIZ.

Y.H.A.

A(2) Geografiske navne er et kapitel for sig. Hvordan udtales de folgende

shires i England?
Cambridgeshire
Gloucestershire

Warwickshire
W orcestershire

A(3) Hvor star dommerne (the umpires) i cric_ket?

A(4) Hvilken ranger den hojeste af de folgende
Field Marshall/ General

Major/ Colonel

A(5) Hvor pa benet findes the calf og the shin?

2. U dtaleevelser
Forkert placering af tryk er nok den almindeligste kilde til udtalefejl. Det fcarste skridt i
lydskriftens jungle er derfor at loore at afloose trykkets placering iALD's lydskrift: opga-

ve A(l).
Det nooste skridt er sa at loore at loose selve lydskriften. Her er det n0dvendigt fcarst at gennemga key to phonetic symbols i ALD. Deter dog stadig en ret simpel opgave at loose
konsonanter, hvor der kun er nogle fa fremmedartede tegn: opgave A(2).
Lidt vanskeligere er det at genkende vokalerne/ diftongerne, men ved at arbejde med
opgave A(3)s korte ord kan du langsomt voonne dig til at bruge den del aflydskriften i
ALD.
Vi afslutter med en 0velse, hvor der er flere problematiske lyd i samme ord: opgave A( 4).

A(l) Angiv med trykstreg (placeret foran den trykstrerke stavelse), hvor
hovedtrykket skal placeres- sig derefter ordene hojt!
area
effective
respective
monument
influence
hotel

108

possessive
sentimental
audience
comfortable
content (adj)
content (n)

object (vb)
photograph
photographer
rebel (n)
rebellion
preoccupied

ALD
A(2) Sla folgende ord op i ALD og skriv de problematiske konsonanter i
lydskrift- og sig derefter ordene hojt!
author
other
back
bag
character

lamp
debt
laughter
month
months

three
tree
village
which
witch

A(3) Sla folgende ord op i ALD og skriv de problematiske vokaler/ diftonger i lydskrift- og sig derefter ordene hojt!
bow (vb)
bowl
bush
hot
hut
key

quay
live (vb)
live (adj)
head
say
says

sow (vb)
sew
steak
break
streak
tough

A(4) Sla folgende ord op i ALD og skriv hele lydskriften- og sig derefter
ordene hojt!
bath
bathe
breath
breathe
cloth

clothes
draught
drought
taught
thorough

though
thought
through
towards

Tongue twisters:
She sells sea -shells on the seashore.
The Leith police dismisses us with six thick thistle sticks.
Round and round the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran.
A vicious widow went to the Isle of Wight with a very wicked vaudeville. The wise vicar was
vexed and vowed never to wed the wilful, vivacious woman with the vulgar but witty vocabulary.
The Story of Betty Botter and the Butter:
Betty Botter bought some butter,
But, she said, This butter's bitter.
If I put it in my batter
It will make my batter bitter.
But a bit of better butter
Will but make my batter better.
So she bought a bit of butter,
And she put it in her batter.
And it made the batter better.

What I want is a proper cup of coffee,

Brewed in a proper copper coffee pot.
I may be off my dot,
But I want a cup of coffee
In a proper coffee pot.
Tin coffee pots or iron coffee pots
Are no use to me.
When I can't get a proper cup of coffee,
In a proper copper coffee pot,
I'll have a cup of tea!

109

3. Smaadverbiernes placering
I de fleste tilfrelde kan du i ALD finde ud af, hvor smaadverbierne skal placeres.
Lres f0lgende sretninger igennem, sla adverbiet i parentes op i ALD; find blandt eksemplerne en lignende sretningsstruktur, og placer derefter adverbiet pa den rette
plads.
Vrer specielt opmrerksom pa, om verballeddet er sammensat eller ej!

Indsret adverbiet i parentesen paden rigtige plads i sretningen:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

She told the truth (always).

Joyce had been to England (also).
My sister goes to pubs alone (never).
She broke down and said that she was sorry (really) .
When we were children we played football on Sundays (usually).
I suppose she will be tired of her new boyfriend (soon).
The manager complained that the workers were on strike (nearly always).
The burglar admitted that he had stolen the silver (also).
I suppose I have made a fool of myself (often).
I must say that I have seen a better film (seldom).

4. Kongruens
Er du i tvivl om, hvorvidt et substantiv skal f0lges af et verbum i ental eller flertal,
kan du nresten altid finde l0sningen ved at sla subjektet op i ALD og loose eksemplerne igennem med omtanke.
[U] = uncountable = utrelleligt (f0lges af ental i verbet)
sing v =verb in the singular (ental i verbet)
pl v = verb in the plural (flertal i verbet)

Indsret den rigtige form - i NUTID - af verbet i parentesen:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Everybody ...... here to meet me (to be).

All the furniture in this room ...... falling to pieces (to be).
People in Southern Europe never ...... during the siesta (to work).
The police in England ...... become very unpopular among the miners after therecent strikes (to have).
A number of paintings .. .... missing after the burglary (to be) .
My family ...... all criminals and swindlers (to be).
Measles ...... an unpleasant disease but not dangerous (to be).
The wages of a skilled worker ...... quite high today (to be).
News ...... quickly in a small village (to spread).
The money ...... on the table (to lie).

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
110

ALD

5. Verb pattern
ALD's verb pattern oplysninger kan virke uoverskuelige, men deter heller ikke
n0dvendigt at bruge systemet for at finde ud af, hvordan et verbum skal forbindes
med andre ord:
Du kan normalt finde l0sningen blot ved at lrese eksemplerne igennem og finde en
sretning, der ligner din problemsretning.

Husk nu pa, at deter det forste (styrende) verbum, som du skal sla op
under!

lndsret den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:

(Her skal du tage stilling til, om verbet i parentesen skal i infinitiv eller ing-form).

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

I like ..... . in the country (to live).

I am sure he enjoys ... ... in London (to live).
They finally decided ...... me (to help).
He promised ...... his experiments (to stop).
Tom tried to evade .. ... . his taxes (to pay).
The boy refused ..... . all the blame (to accept).
She dislikes ..... . about politics (to talk).
He couldn't help ...... very foolish (to feel).
He tried ...... French for three years (to learn).
I've finished ...... the dishes (to do).

I den nreste 0velse skal du tage stilling til flere forskellige muligheder for konstruktionsfejl. Lres sretningen igennem. Find den konstruktion, der kan vrere problematisk. Sla det styrende verbum op i ALD, og Ires eksemplerne igennem (under den relevante betydning).

Ret folgende sootninger, hvis konstruktionen er forkert:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

I explained them my difficulty.

He told that he would not be able to co
Her father would not permit t.W,~J~~~&~~~~~Pl~':\1;
The new headmaster w an1~'frn:tt
I finally got
g

6.

7.
8.
9.

d
e
ggested them that they should all work overtime.
e gus denied to know anything about the missing cigarettes.

111

\.LD

6. Adjektivets gradbejning
Er du i tvivl om, hvorvidt adjektivet kan/ skal gradb0jes med more/ most eller
-er/ est, kan du sla det op i ALD:

Hvis der ikke er angivet -er/ -est efter adjektivet, skal det gradbajes
med more/ most!
Desuden far du naturligvis oplysninger om uregelmressig gradb0jning.

Gradbaj falgende adjektiver:

low
clever
happy
little
common
feeble

beautiful
simple
noble
many
bad
intelligent

good
far
pleasant
red
grey
difficult

7. Substantivers flertal
Man kanjo altid blive i tvivl om, hvordan et substantiv danner flertal. Hvis b0jningen er uregelmressig, star det angivet i ALD i parentes umiddelbart efter.
H vis der efter ordet star angivet [U], er ordet utrelleligt og kan ikke srettes i flertal.

Skriv flertalsformen af falgende ord:

Negro
potato
photo
thief

handkerchief
calf
ox
tooth

craft
information
people
sheep

8. Stavning
ALD giver svar pa 5 omrader, hvor der ofte laves fejl:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
112

hvor det er tilladt at dele ord

hvornar en afsluttende konsonant fordobles
i hvilke ord afsluttende -y rendres til -ie
hvilke ord der skal skrives med store bogstaver
Hvornar et udtryk skal skrives i et eller to ord

ALD
(a) ORDDELING:

A(l) Angiv, hvor folgende ord kan deles, hvis overhovedet:

active
dictionary
fully
mighty
quarter

brandy
educate
make
printed
stressed

building
English
many
mention
terrible

(b) KONSONANTFORDOBLING:

A(2) Skriv folgende ord i datid:

Hvis afsluttende konsonant skal fordobles, star det angivet i parentes: fx (-rr-)
control
kidnap
plan
permit
(c) Y

cover
panic
occur
suffer

prefer
compel
conceal
visit

~IE:

A(3) lndsret ordet i parentesen i den angivne form:

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

She ...... to swim the English Channel (to try: datid).

He .. .... a new tie every day (to buy: nutid).
He never ...... with his children (to play: nutid).
I'm ...... now, after the operation (happy: 2. grad).
He finally ..... the money he owed me (to pay: datid).
They ....... all the evidence (to destroy: datid).
His wife came home .... .. than expected (early : 2. grad).

Pas
8)
9)
10)

ogsa pa:
You might as well admit that you are ...... (to lie: ing-form).
Have you tried ...... your shoelaces with one hand (to tie: ing-form) .
They all knew that he was ... ... (to die: ing-form) .
113

.LD
(d) STORT BOGSTAV?
I mange tilfrelde kan tvivl om stort begyndelsesbogstav afgores i ALD. Deter her
nodvendigt at gennemlrese de forskellige betydningsomn1der (angivet med 1- 2- 3
etc.) for at finde den tilsvarende anvendelse.

A(4) Angiv, hvilke ord der i den givne sammenhreng skal skrives med stort:
(Sla alle de ord op, der med rimelighed kan vrere tvivl om)
1)
2)

He worked in sweden during the second world war.

This morning the british conservative prime minster announced a
foreign affairs had resigned.
The middle east is again the scene of viole
The most recent targets for terrori~t-r~~l~<;!l~~.oQ ~'f\Qi~~ll
can embassy, and the wis s
A member of h h
f
anglican.
T
a other coloured people, are mainly concentra-

3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

no
1:r london is that the west end is famous for its shops and theatres.
of the most popular holiday resorts in the world lie in southern europe.
The american indian is today the proper name for what used to be called the red indian.

(e) 1 ELLER 2 ORD?

Da der her vanskeligt kan opstilles regler, er det specielt praktisk at kunne sla
tvivlssporgsmalene op iALD. Slanormalt op under detforste ord og lad ojnene glide
ned over forskellige sammensretninger, der er angivet. Der er 3 muligheder:
Sla op under green: bindestreg:
- -eyed monster
et ord:
- . grocer
to ord:
- belt
Hvis udtrykket ikke star angivet, skal du regne med, at det staves i 2 ord.

A(5) Angiv, hvilke udtryk der skal staves i et ord eller med bindestreg:
1) green+ house=
2) waiting+ room =
3) high+ school=
4) grand+ child=
5) grand+ piano=
6) art+ gallery=
7) hot+ dog=
8) playing+ field =
9) living + room =
10) shopping+ centre=
114

11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)

shopping + bag =
shop + lifting =
shop + keeper =
police + dog=
police +station=
police + man =
police + officer =
welfare + state =
shoe+ laces =
plastic+ spoons=

A: Ordklasser og grammatiske betegnelser

B: Den simple sretningsanalyse
C: Grammatik-ovelser
For at kunne forsta og kunne rette dine fejl rna du have en vis elementrer vi den om de almindelige grammatiske begreber ogden simple sretningsanalyse.

I sretningen

I The girl is sleeping I

er der 2 mader at )) benrevne girl pa:

I det f0lgende vii der under A blive givet en kort gennemgang af de 9 ordklasser og de vigtigste grammatiske betegnelser. B introducerer den simple sretningsanalyse. Her vii de enkelte
led og deres funktion blive gennemgaet. C indeholder en rrekke 0velser, der giver dig mulighed for at kontrollere, om du har forstaet gennemgangen under _A og B.

A: Ordklasser og grammatiske betegnelser

Proper nouns

1)

EGENNAVNE (Peter/Buckingham Palace)

PRO PRIER

2)

NAVNEORD (a boy/the table/Friday)

SUBSTANTIVER Nouns

ental
flertal
ejefald
bestemt kendeord

the boy/the woman

the boys/the women
the boy's/the boys'
the

singularis
pluralis
genitiv
bestemt artikel

ubestemt kendeord

a/an

ubestemt artikel

the singular
the plural
the genitive
the definite
article
the indefinite
article

115

STEDORD (f.eks. they/his/that/who)

3)

personlige
t d d { bundne
eJes e or
ubundne
papegende
sp0rgende
tilbagevisende
henf0rende
ubestemte
4)

f.eks. 1/you/they
f.eks. my/your/her
f.eks. mine/yours/hers
f.eks. this/that/these
f.eks. who/which/what
f.eks. (him) self/ (it) self
who/which/that
some/any/nobody

TILLJEGSORD (small/ clever/ good)

gradb0jning
1. grad
2. grad

grundform
lwjere grad

3. grad

h0jeste grad

5)

small
smaller/more
beautiful
smallest/most
beautiful

UDSAGNSORD (to walk/was running)

PRONOMINER

Pronouns

personlige
possessive

personal
possessive

demonstrative
interrogative
refleksive
relative
indefinite

demonstrative
interrogative
reflexive
relative
indefinite

ADJEKTIVER

Adjectives

komparation
positiv
komparativ

comparison
the positive
the comparative

superlativ

the superlative

VERBER

Verbs

infinitiv
perfektum
participium
prresens
participium

the infinitive
the past
participle
the present
participle

infinitte
former:
kan ikke sta
alene som
udsagnsled

navnemade
kort (datids)
tillregsform
lang (nutids)
tillregsform

finitte
former: kan
sta alene
som udsagnsled (danne
sretning)

nutid
datid
0rnutid
f0rdatid
fremtid
datids fremtid

he goes
he went
he has gone
he had gone
he will go
he would go

prresens
prreteritum
perfektum
pluskvamperf.
futurum
konditionalis

the present
the past
the perfect
the pluperfect
the future
the past-future

bydemade
fortrellemade

go!
they walk
if I W f

imperativ
indikativ
konjunktiv

the imperative
the indicative
the subjunctive

tv kill
to be killed

aktiv
passiv

the active
the passive

0nskem :~d ~

l}i~f~~Ll
h

116

., '

(to) work
walked/ gone
walking

1. person

2. person
3. person

ental
(I) run
(you) run
(she/it) runs
(the boy) runs

flertal
singularis/pluralis
(we) run
(you) run
(they) ~n
(boys) run

the singular/the plural

1st person
2nd person
3rd person

6)

BIORD (badly/soon/not/awfully)

ADVERBIER

Adverbs

7)

FORHOLDSORD (in/for/on/at/about)

PRJEPOSITION

Prepositions

8)

BINDEORD (when/as/but/and)

KONJUNKTION

Conjuntions

:}::~:nfbi~ib..;,~f.irl;1:0~.,G}Ij1ko1

.~

TALORD (200/three/third)
mrengdetal
1, 2, 44, six, nine
ordenstal
first, second, fourth
9)

NUMERALIA

Numerals

kardinaltal
ordinaltal

cardinals
ordinals

B: Den simple sretningsanalyse

GRUNDLED (subjekt):

1)

John has broken his leg

Grundleddet angiver

They are playing football

den, der udf0rer handlingen

To dream can be unpleasant

den/det, der er noget

Blue is a beautiful colour

X
There are two girls outside

Den, der sker noget med

(X}

X.

et forelobigt (formelt) grundled

NB: I den sidste sretning er der bade

et egentligt (reelt) grundled

117

2)

UDSAGNSLED (verballed):

There are two boys outside

U dsagnsleddet angiver handling:

They are playing football

det, der sker (er)

One boy broke his leg

det, der skete (var)

The others were silent

det, der var sket (havde vreret)

He had broken his leg before

det, der vii ske (vii vrere)

He will go to hospital
0

l hovedudsagnsord

Bemrerk at udsagnsleddet kan vrere sammensat af:

hjrelpeudsagnsord

Udsagnsleddet bar
forskellige tider:

U dsagnsleddet bar
forskellige mader:

Udsagnsleddet bojes
i person og tal:

nutid
datid
f0rnutid
f0rdatid
fremtid

Fremsrettende made:
He was a king
0nskemade:
If he were a king
Bydemade:
Go!

Ental:
1. person: I think I I am
2. person: you think I you are
3. person: he thinks I he is
Flertal:
1. person: we think I we are
2. person: you think I you are
3. person: they think I they are

U dsagnsleddet kan desuden optrrede i

handleform: They killed Jack.

lideform: Jack was killed by them

3 a) GENSTANDSLED (direkte objekt):

He brought theAletter
They are playing football

Genstandsleddet angiver,

They tried to smile

hvad grundled + udsagnsled gor

Joe said that he would leave

A

3 b) HENSYNSLED (indirekte objekt):

He told John a secret

Hensynsleddet angiver

Joe gave me a letter

den, imod hvem handlingen

He played me a dirty trick

er rettet

(A)

CAl

(A)

4 a) OMSAGNSLED TIL GRUNDLED (Prredikat til subjekt):

Joe is a baker

omsagnsleddet beskriver

He went to bed hungry

Peter felt sad

grundleddet nrermere

OBS:

118

Omsagnsled til grundled er altid et tillregsord eller et navneord (aldrig et biord!). De

udsagnsord, der tager omsagnsled til grundled er sa svrekkede for indhold, at de ofte
kan erstattes af et lighedstegn. De vigtige udsagnsord er: Be, become, remain, grow,
get, look.

4 b)

OMSAGNSLED TIL GENSTANDSLED (Prredikat til objekt):

We painted the house red

@

5)

Beskriver, hvad genstandsleddet

bliver

BILED (adverbialled)

Biled er oftest en nrermere bestemmelse af, under hvilke omstrendigheder I hvordan I hvornar noget sker:
He left quickly

madesbiled

She was here yesterday

tidsbiled

You will find him there

stedsbiled

He is awfully funny

gradsbiled

Fortunately my uncle didn't die

He actually came home again

sretningsbiled

BEMJERK at ogsa forholdsordsforbindelser er biled:

He left in a hurry
Joe was lying on the floor
He walked in the other direction
The alarm bell rang at six o'clock
He said with a smile (= smilingly)
I det sidste eksempel ser vi, hvorledes et langt og klodset biord (smilingly)
med fordel kan erstattes pa engelsk af en forholdsordsforbindelse (with a smile).

6)

HOVEDSJETNING I BISJETNING (helsretning I ledsretning):

En bisretning star altid som led i en helsretning: Deter derfor normalt lige
sa unaturligt at srette komma foran en bisretning pa engelsk, som det ville
vrere at srette komma foran et genstandsled eller et biled!

Du vil til tider fa brug for at kende de vresentligste typer bisretninger:

a)

Genstandssretning: (starter med f.eks. that, how, why, what) star som genstandsled
i helsretningen.
He said that he was sleepy I He told me how he had done it

b}

Betingelsesbisretning: (begynder med if) star som biled i helsretningen:

I shall come if you promise to be there

c)

Tidsbisretning: (begynder med f.eks. When/before/untiVwhile) star som biled:

I left before the police arrived I He watched us while we were asleep

d)

Henferende sretning: (begynder med who/which/that/whose/whom) siger noget

om et led i hovedsretningen:
The film which I saw yesterday was very good

119

C: Grammatikovelser
I

Angiv, hvilke ordklasser ordene ide felgende sretninger tilherer:

1.

Morley Torgov wrote a new novel.

The authorities decided to close the factory .
My flat is completely new and very expensive.
The terrorists hijacked a plane in Madrid.
Mrs Thatcher was re-elected in 1983.

2.
3.
4.
5.

II

Find subjekt og verballed i felgende sretninger, og skriv dem i rubrikken:

subjekt
My brother has been ill
There were mice everywhere
To be a teacher demands great courage
What shall we do with the drunken sailor?
What makes you so sure?

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Ill

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

120

verballed

~--------------------~~--------------------~

Angiv, hvilke tider verballedet har i felgende sretninger, samt om sretningerne sta.r i aktiv eller passiv:
aktiv/ passiv
tid
The girls loved to sing
The Head was teased by his students
The mechanic has fixed the car
The bill had surprised the owner of the car
He will try to repair the car himself next time~------------------------~--------------------~
Many songbirds are killed in Southern Europa ~------------------------~--------------------~
~------------------------~--------------------~
Many animals die during the winter
The fire had not yet been discovered

IV

Angiv, hvilke ord, der er adjektiver, og hvilke der er adverbier i folgende sretninger:
adjektiver

adverbier

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Han har et ganske godt hus

Han synger ganske godt
Hun er ualmindelig smuk
John Cleese er sjov og normalt noget uartig
~----------+---------~
Manser sjreldent gamle mennesker pa
gaden om natten

Angiv, hvilke ord der er adjektiver, og hvilke der er adverbier:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

He ran quickly up the steep hill

She suddenly felt very hungry
The new candidate worked hard to be elected
You were really lucky to find that old stamp ~----------~~----------~
~------------~----------~
You've got such lovely eyes!
He could hardly be expected to remember
~------------~----------~
We saw a most peculiar bird

121

Tag et kopi af disse sider fra Fejlst0vsugeren. Oversret udtrykkene fra side 96-98 og skriv
dem ind her. Bemrerk, at nogle ord har to danske oversrettelser.

1:

Verbum

+ prreposition

afhrenge af= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

lead= _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __

(vrere) afhrengigaf= _ _ _ _ _ __

lede efter = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

anklagefor = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

leveaf= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

ankomme til= I)(omrade) _ _ _ _ _

lideaf= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2)(punkt) _ _ __ _

lyve overfor = _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __

ans0ge om= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

laneaf= _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _

beskylde for= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

menemed = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

(vrere) enigrned - _ _ _ _ _ _ __

mindeom = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

(vrere) enigom = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

mistrenkefor= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

foresla (nogen noget) = _ _ _ _ _ __

overbevise om= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

foretrrekke fremfor = _ _ _ _ _ __

oversrette til= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

forhindrei = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

protestere imod = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

handle om= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

prresentere for= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

helbredefor = _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

ryste pa (hovedet) = _ _ _ _ _ __

bolde ojemed =

rabe efter = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

_ _ _ _ __ _ __

introducere i/pa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
introducere til= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
irriteret over= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
kaste efter = _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _
kiggepa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
klage over= _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __

se efter 1) passepa= _ _ _ __ _ __
2) vrere pa udkig efter/
lede efter = _ _ _ _ _ __
se pa 1) iagttage = _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2) betragte, anse

for at vrere = _ _ _ _ _ _ __

klare= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

sen de bud efter = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

kommei tanke om= _ __ _ _ _ __

sigte pa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

kommetil= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

skemed = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

kommentere = _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __

skrigeaf(smerte, etc.)= _ _ _ _ __

kurere for= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

sky de efter / pa = - - -- --'--- - -

k0repa(cykel) = _ _ _ _ _ _ __

smile til= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

122

sp0rge efter = _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _
stemmeom = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
stemmepa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
stirre pa/ efter = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

tro pa 1) om noget er sandt

eller ej = _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2) eksistensen/betydningen af
(Gud, stjerner) = _ _ _ __

svare pa 1) = _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __

tvivle pa = _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _

2)= _ _ _ __

undervisei = _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

s0ge (efter) = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

veksle til= _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __
ventepa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

II

adjektiv

+ prreposition

afhrengig af= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

lykkelig over= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

bange for 1) = _ _ _ _ __ _ __

ondmod= _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _

2)= _ _ _ _ _ __

overrasket over= _ _ _ _ _ _ __

begejstretfor = _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _

populrer blandt!hos = _ _ _ _ _ __

bevidst om= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

sikker pa =---------~-

chokeretover = _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

skamfuld over= _ _ __ _ _ _ __

dygtigtil= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

skrremt over= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

darligtil= _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __

skuffet over (person) = _ _ _ _ _ __

forbavset over= _ _ _ __ _ _ __

skuffetover (noget) = _ _ _ _ _ __

forlovet med = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

skyldigi = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

forskrrekket over= _ _ _ _ _ _ __

typisk for= _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __

giftmed= _ _ _ _ __ __ __

uafhrengigaf= _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

glad for= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

uforskammet overfor = _ _ _ _ __

god til= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

uh0fligimod = _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __

h0fligmod = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

uvidende om= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

ivrigefter= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

vigtigfor = _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __

jaloux pa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

vred over= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

karakteristisk for= _ _ _ _ _ _ __

vredpa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

kritisk over for= _ _ _ _ __ _ __

123

III Substantiv

+ prreposition

bevispa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

mulighedfor= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

eksempel pa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

svarpa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

forklaringpa = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

tillid til= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

formal med = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

tillykke med = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

frygt for

hopa= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

1) (bangefor) = _ _ _ _ _ _ __

trusselimod = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2) (velvilligbekymring) = _ _ _ __

undtagelsefra = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

grund till)= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

vanskelighed ved = _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

lrerer i = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

vidneom = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
arsagtill) = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2)= _ _ _ _ _ _ ___

meningom = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

IV Prreposition

+ substantiv I adjektiv

til en forandring =

medvilje=

efter min mening =

i det store og hele =

i det mindste =

pamarken=

i gennemsnit =

paenmade=

ibrand=

paforhand=

i spidsen for/ vrere

palandet=

ansvarligfor=

til st0tte for=

iudkanten=

til trods for=

med tog/ fly, etc.=

ved et uheld =

124

Indeks

adjektiver, gradb0jning 46f

adjektiv/ adverbium 50ff
adverbiernes placering 14ff
advice, k'ongruens v. 20
advice, utre!Migt 59
aktiv 36f
allow, VP 39
alt hvad 79
any/ some 75f
anybody/ anyone/ anything, kongruens v. 20
artikel, bestemt 66ff
artikel, ubestemt 63ff
as possible 54
as usual 54
as/ like 104
as/when 104
avoid, VP 40
be 25
bedre middag 47
bestemmende relativsretninger 81f
bestemt artikel 66ff
bestemt artikel/possessivt pronomen? 72
blive 106
busy, VP 40
by/of? 37
can 26f
cannot help, VP 40
cannot stand, VP 40
cause, VP 39
con ider, VP 40
defmerende relativsretninger 81f
demonstrative pronominer 73
deny, VP 40
der, kongruens v. 20
der, it/ there? 74
dislike, VP 40
do 25
doomskrivning i notsretninger 30
doomskrivning i sp0rgende sretninger 31
egennavne, bestemt artikel v. 70f
enjoy, VP 40
everybody/ everyone/ everything, kongruens v.
excuse, VP 40
explain, VP 39
if possible 54
it/there? 74
falsk komparativ 47
few /little 65
finish, VP 40
flertalsdannelse 55ff
following, bestemt artikel v. 66
forel0bigt subjekt, kongruens v. 20
foresla nogen at, VP 39
forklare nogen at, VP 39
fortrelle, VP 38
fremtid 23f
furniture, kongruens v. 20
furniture, utrelleligt 59
f0rdatid m. to have 25
f0rnutid m. to have 25
f0rst 103

20

125

genitiv 61f
get, VP 38
gradb0jning af adjektiver 46
have 25
hjrelpeverber 25ff
hvor 79
information, kongruens v. 20
information, utrelleligt 59
ing-form efter visse verber 40
interest, utrelleligt 59
kollektiver, kongruens v. 21
komma 81f
kongruens 19ff
konsonantfordobling 101
left/ right, bestemt artikel v. 66
ligefrem ordstilling 11
like, VP 39, 40
like/ as 104
little/ few 65
luck, utrelleligt 59
lange adverbiers placering 17
logisk flertal 58
lots of, kongruens v. 21
lykkes, VP 38
make, VP 38
man 105
may 26f
mean/ think 107
mene 107
mind, VP 40
modalverber, brug 26ff
modalverber, form 26
money, kongruens v. 20
money, utrelleligt 59
most, -T bestemt artikel v. 66
must 26ff
madesadverbiers placering 15f
never, -T do-omskrivning v. 30
news, kongruens v. 20
news, utrelleligt 59
nobody/ no one/ nothing, kongruens v. 20
not, do-omskrivning v. 30
not, placering 13
number of, kongruens v. 21
of/by? 37
of-konstruktion, genitiv 62
omsagnsled til grundled 53
omvendt ordstilling 11f
one, -T bestemt artikel v. 66
one, brugt som st0tteord 48
one .. . the other, -T bestemt artikel v. 66
ordenstal, bestemt artikel v. 66
ordstilling, madesadverbiers placering 15
ordstilling, lange adverbiers placering 17
ordstilling, ligefrem/ omvendt 11f
ordstilling, smaadverbiers placering 14
ord tilling, subjekt-verballed 11f
ought to 26f
parentetisk relativsretning 81f
passiv 36f
people, kongruens v. 20

126

piece of advice 59
police, kongruens v. 20
possessivt pronomen/ bestemt artikel 72
prreposition + infinitiv - heller aldrig 85
prreposition + that - aldrig i livet 83f
relative pronominer 78ff
right/left, bestemt artikel v. 66
s, v. flertalsdannelse 55ff
s, v. genitiv 61
s,v. kongruens 19
same, bestemt artikel v. 66
sanseverber, adjektiv/ adverbium? 54
shall 26ff
simpel tid 32ff
skal/skulle 28
smaadverbiers placering 14
some/ any 75f
somebody/ someone/ something, kongruens v. 20
sp0rgende pronorniner 77
stavning 99ff
stedsprrepositioner I, on/ in/ at 88ff
stedsprrepositioner II, in /into, about/ around, between/ among, towards/ against 9lff
stedsprrepositioner III, over/above, under/ below, across/ over, at/ by, at+'s/ with 94f
stop, VP 40
stort begyndelsesbogstav 102
st0tteord v. adjektiver 48
subjektsprredikat 53
substantivers flertal 55ff
succeed, VP 38
suggest, VP 39, 40
sretningsadverbier 52
tegnsretning 81f
tell, VP 38
than usual 54
that, kongruens v. 20
that/this 73
there, kongruens v. 20
there/ it? 74
these/ those 73
think / mean 107
this/ that 73
those/ these 73
tidsprrepositioner, on/ in/ at/ago/ for / in/ during 86f
tricky verb patterns 38ff
ubestemt artikel 63ff
udvidet tid 32ff
undskylde at, VP 40
utrellelige substantiver 59f
verb patterns 38ff
verbalm0nstre 38ff
verbets tider 22
verdenshj0rner, bestemt artikel v. 66
vii/ ville 28
want, VP 39
when/ as 104
which, kongruens v. 20
who, kongruens v. 20
will 26ff
worth, VP 40
Y -+IE 100
'mske at, VP 39

127

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