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Capítulo 7 (5th Edition) PDF
Capítulo 7 (5th Edition) PDF
*7.1
*7.2
7.3
7.4
(a)
(b)
(a)
Fy = F sin + n mg = 0
d = 20.0 m
n = mg F sin
n
Fx = F cos kn = 0
F cos
n=
k
fR = kn
mg F sin =
18.0 kg
20.0
t==20.0
F cos
k
F=
kmg
k sin + cos
F=
(0.500)(18.0)(9.80)
= 79.4 N
0.500 sin 20.0 + cos 20.0
(b)
(c)
fk = F cos = 74.6 N
mg
(a)
The normal force and the weight are both at 90 to the motion. Both do 0 work.
W = 31.9 J + 0 + 0 = 31.9 J
7.6
Chapter 7 Solutions
Fy = may
d = 5.00 m
n = 123 N
fk
W = Fd cos
7.7
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
7.8
7.9
7.10
mg = 147 N
Chapter 7 Solutions
A B = A xB x + A yB y + A zB z
7.11
7.12
Chapter 7 Solutions
(a)
(b)
= cos1
Fd
= cos1
Fd
16
[(6.00)2
+ (2.00)2][(3.00)2 + (1.00)2]
= 36.9
7.13
(a)
A = 3.00i 2.00j
= cos1
(b)
B = 4.00i 4.00j
AB
12.0 + 8.00
= cos1
= 11.3
AB
(13.0)(32.0)
A = 2.00i + 4.00j
AB
6.00 16.0
=
AB
(20.0)(29.0)
= 156
(c)
A = i 2.00j + 2.00k
B = 3.00j + 4.00k
= cos1
A B
6.00 + 8.00
= cos1
= 82.3
A
B
9.00 25.0
*7.14
We must first find the angle between the two vectors. It is:
y
Then
F = 32.8 N
132
or
F v = 5.33
Nm
J
= 5.33 = 5.33 W
s
s
v = 17.3 cm/s
Chapter 7 Solutions
7.15
(a)
xi = 0
Fx (N)
B
xf = 8.00 m
1
AC altitude,
2
xi = 8.00 m
C
2
1
W 08 = 2 8.00 m 6.00 N = 24.0 J
(b)
E
10 12
x (m)
xf = 10.0 m
W = area of CDE =
1
CE altitude,
2
Fx = (8x 16) N
(a)
Fx (N)
20
(3, 8)
10
0
10
x (m)
20
(b)
7.17
W net =
(2.00 m)(16.0 N)
(1.00 m)(8.00 N)
+
= 12.0 J
2
2
W = Fx dx and
W equals the area under the Force-Displacement Curve
(a)
Fx (N)
3
2
(3.00 N)(5.00 m)
W=
= 7.50 J
2
(b)
1
0
10 12 14 16
x (m)
Chapter 7 Solutions
(c)
(d)
(3.00 N)(5.00 m)
= 7.50 J
2
7.18
5m
F ds =
W=
5m
5m
= 50.0 J
0 (4 N/m) x dx + 0 = (4 N/m)x2/2 0
*7.19
7.20
k=
F Mg
(4.00)(9.80) N
=
=
= 1.57 103 N/m
y
y
2.50 102 m
For 1.50 kg mass y =
(b)
Work =
1
ky 2
2
Work =
1
(1.57 103 N m)(4.00 102 m) 2 = 1.25 J
2
(a)
(b)
7.21
mg
(1.50)(9.80)
=
= 0.938 cm
k
1.57 103
(a)
F
(230 N)
=
= 575 N/m
x
(0.400 m)
1
Work = Favg x = (230 N)(0.400 m) = 46.0 J
2
Compare an initial picture of the rolling car with a final picture with both springs compressed
Ki + W = Kf
F (N)
1500
1000
500
d (cm)
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chapter 7 Solutions
Use equation 7.11.
Ki +
1
1
2
2
2
2
k (x x1f ) + k2 (x2i x2f ) = Kf
2
2 1 1i
1
1
1
2
mv i + 0 (1600 N/m)(0.500 m) 2 + 0 (3400 N/m)(0.200 m) 2 = 0
2
2
2
1
2
(6000 kg) v i 200 J 68.0 J = 0
2
vi =
7.22
(a)
F ds
W=
i
0.600 m
W=
W = 15,000x +
2
3
0
Similarly,
W = (15.0 kN)(1.00 m) +
4.00 J =
1
k(0.100 m)2
2
k = 800 N/m
and to stretch the spring to 0.200 m requires
W =
1
(800)(0.200) 2 4.00 J = 12.0 J
2
Goal Solution
G: We know that the force required to stretch a spring is proportional to the distance the spring
is stretched, and since the work required is proportional to the force and to the distance, then
W x2. This means if the extension of the spring is doubled, the work will increase by a
factor of 4, so that for x = 20 cm, W = 16 J, requiring 12 J of additional work.
O: Lets confirm our answer using Hookes law and the definition of work.
Chapter 7 Solutions
xy
xx
xx
(kx)dx =
Fs dx =
Ws =
1
2
2
k (x f xi )
2
1
2
2
k(x f xi )
2
We know the work for the first 10 cm, so we can find the force constant:
k=
2W 010
2
x010
2(4.00 J)
= 800 N/m
(0.100 m)2
Substituting for k, xi and xf, the extra work for the next step of extension is
W=
1
(800 N/m) [(0.200 m)2 (0.100 m)2] = 12.0 J
2
L: Our calculated answer agrees with our prediction. It is helpful to remember that the force
required to stretch a spring is proportional to the distance the spring is extended, but the work
is proportional to the square of the extension.
7.24
7.25
W=
1
kd 2
2
k=
2W
d2
W =
1
1
k(2d)2 kd 2
2
2
W =
3
kd2 = 3W
2
(a)
x
F
n
Fx = max
F mg cos = 0
F = mg cos
mg
Chapter 7 Solutions
f
F ds
W=
(b)
We use radian measure to express the next bit of displacement as ds = r d in terms of the
next bit of angle moved through:
/2
W=
/2
W = mgR (1 0) = mgR
*7.26
7.27
F N kg m/s2
kg
= =
= 2
m
s
x m
[k] =
1
(0.600 kg)(2.00 m/s) 2 = 1.20 J
2
(a)
KA =
(b)
1
2
mvB = KB
2
vB =
(c)
2K B
=
m
(2)(7.50)
= 5.00 m/s
0.600
W = K = KB KA =
1
2
2
m(vB vA )
2
7.29
(a)
K=
1
1
mv2 = (0.300 kg)(15 .0 m/s) 2 = 33.8 J
2
2
(b)
K=
1
1
(0.300)(30.0) 2 = (0.300)(15.0) 2 (4) = 4(33.8) = 135 J
2
2
vi =
Ki =
(b)
v i x + v iy =
40.0 m/s
1
1
2
mv i = (3.00 kg)(40.0 m2/s2) = 60.0 J
2
2
v = 8.00i + 4.00j
v2 = v v = 64.0 + 16.0 = 80.0 m2/s2
K = K Ki =
1
3.00
2
m(v2 v i ) =
(80.0) 60.0 = 60.0 J
2
2
10
7.30
Chapter 7 Solutions
(a)
K = W
1
(2500 kg) v2 = 5000 J
2
v = 2.00 m/s
(b)
W=Fd
5000 J = F(25.0 m)
F = 200 N
7.31
(a)
K =
1
mv2 0 = W, so
2
v2 = 2W/m
7.32
v=
2W/m
(b)
W = F d = Fxd Fx = W/d
(a)
K = Kf Ki =
vf =
(b)
(c)
2(7.50 J)
= 1.94 m/s
4.00 kg
1
2
mv f 0 = W = (area under curve from x = 0 to x = 10.0 m)
2
2(area)
=
m
K = Kf Ki =
vf =
1
2
mv f 0 = W = (area under curve from x = 0 to x = 5.00 m)
2
2(area)
=
m
K = Kf Ki =
vf =
*7.33
and
2(22.5 J)
= 3.35 m/s
4.00 kg
1
2
mv f 0 = W = (area under curve from x = 0 to x = 15.0 m)
2
2(area)
=
m
2(30.0 J)
= 3.87 m/s
4.00 kg
d = 5.00 m
Fy = may
n 392 N = 0
n = 392 N
fk = kn = 0.300(392 N) = 118 N
fk
(a)
(b)
F = 130 N
40.0 kg
mg = 392 N
Chapter 7 Solutions
(c)
(d)
(e)
K = Kf Ki = W
11
1
2
mv f 0 = 650 J 588 J + 0 + 0 = 62.0 J
2
7.34
2K f
=
m
(f)
vf =
(a)
Ki + W = Kf =
2(62.0 J)
= 1.76 m/s
40.0 kg
1
2
mv f
2
1
0 + W = (15.0 103 kg)(780 m/s) 2 = 4.56 kJ
2
W
4.56 103 J
=
= 6.34 kN
d cos (0.720 m) cos 0
(b)
F=
(c)
vf v i
(780 m/s)2 0
a=
=
= 422 km/s2
2x
2(0.720 m)
(d)
(a)
(b)
fk = kn = kmg cos
7.35
F = 100 N
vi
W F = Fl = (100)(5.00) = 500 J
(d)
K = W = W F + W f + W g = 148 J
(e)
K =
vf =
1
1
2
2
mv f mv i
2
2
2(K)
2
+ vi =
m
2(148)
+ (1.50)2
10.0
= 5.65 m/s
Chapter 7 Solutions
12
7.36
W = K = 0
L
kx dx = 0
0 mg sin 35.0 dl
0
mg sin 35.0 (L) =
d=
=
7.37
1
kd 2
2
2 mg sin 35.0(L)
k
2(12.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2) sin 35.0 (3.00 m)
= 0.116 m
3.00 104 N/m
vi = 2.00 m/s
k = 0.100
W = K
fk x = 0
1
2
mv i
2
kmgx =
1
2
mv i
2
vi
(2.00 m/s)2
x=
=
= 2.04 m
2k g 2(0.100)(9.80)
Goal Solution
G: Since the sleds initial speed of 2 m/s (~ 4 mph) is reasonable for a moderate kick, we might
expect the sled to travel several meters before coming to rest.
O: We could solve this problem using Newtons second law, but we are asked to use the workkinetic energy theorem: W = Kf Ki, where the only work done on the sled after the kick
results from the friction between the sled and ice. (The weight and normal force both act at
90 to the motion, and therefore do no work on the sled.)
A: The work due to friction is W = fk d where fk = kmg.
Since the final kinetic energy is zero, W = K = 0 Ki =
2
1
2
mv i
2
mv i
vi
(2.00 m)2
=
=
= 2.04 m
2k mg 2k g 2(0.100)(9.80 m/s2)
L: The distance agrees with the prediction. It is interesting that the distance does not depend on
the mass and is proportional to the square of the initial velocity. This means that a small car
and a massive truck should be able to stop within the same distance if they both skid to a stop
from the same initial speed. Also, doubling the speed requires 4 times as much stopping
distance, which is consistent with advice given by transportation safety officers who suggest
at least a 2 second gap between vehicles (as opposed to a fixed distance of 100 feet).
Chapter 7 Solutions
7.38
(a)
(b)
1
1
2
mv f = (9.11 1031 kg)(3.00 106 m/s) 2 = 4.10 1018 J
2
2
Ki + Fd cos = Kf
0 + F(0.360 m) cos 0 = 4.10 1018 N m
F = 1.14 10 17 N
a=
(d)
1
xf xi = (v i+ v f) t
2
t=
7.39
F
1.14 10 17 N
=
= 1.25 1013 m/s2
m
9.11 1031 kg
(c)
(a)
2(xf xi)
2(0.360 m)
=
= 2.40 107 s
(v i + v f)
(3.00 106 m/s)
W = K fd cos =
1
1
2
2
mv f mv i
2
2
1
f(4.00 102 m) cos 180 = 0 (5.00 103 kg)(600 m/s) 2
2
f = 2.25 104 N
(b)
7.40
t=
d
4.00 102 m
=
= 1.33 104 s
[0 + 600 m/s]/2
v
W = K
m 1gh m 2gh =
vf =
vf =
(a)
Ws =
7.41
1
2
(m + m2) v f 0
2 1
1
1 2 1
2
kx i kx f = (500)(5.00 102) 2 0 = 0.625 J
2
2
2
W =
1
1
1
2
2
2
mv f mv i = mv f 0
2
2
2
so
vf =
2(W)
=
m
2(0.625)
m/s = 0.791 m/s
2.00
13
14
Chapter 7 Solutions
(b)
W = Ws + Wf = 0.625 J + (kmgd)
= 0.625 J (0.350)(2.00)(9.80)(5.00 102) J = 0.282 J
vf =
*7.42
2(W)
=
m
2(0.282)
m/s = 0.531 m/s
2.00
A 1300-kg car speeds up from rest to 55.0 mi/h = 24.6 m/s in 15.0 s. The output work of the engine
becomes its final kinetic energy,
1
(1300 kg)(24.6 m/s) 2 = 390 kJ
2
with power
390000 J
~ 10 4 W , around 30 horsepower.
15.0 s
W
mgh
(700 N)(10.0 m)
=
=
= 875 W
t
t
8.00 s
7.43
Power =
7.44
Efficiency = e = useful energy output/total energy input. The force required to lift n bundles of
shingles is their weight, nmg.
7.45
*7.46
e=
n mgh cos 0
Pt
n=
eP t
(0.700)(746 W)(7200 s)
kg m2
=
3
= 685 bundles
2
mgh
(70.0 kg)(9.80 m/s )(8.00 m)
s W
Pa = fa v fa =
(a)
Pa
2.24 104
=
= 830 N
v
27.0
(b)
The time to travel 60.0 m at a constant speed of 2.00 m/s is 30.0 s. Thus,
Pinput =
W
2.06 104 J
=
= 686 W
t
30.0 s
= 0.919 hp
Chapter 7 Solutions
7.47
(a)
y = v t =
(3.00 s) = 2.63 m
2
W=
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
mv f 2 mv i + mgyf mgyi = mv f 2 mv i + mg(y)
2
2
W=
1
(650 kg)(1.75 m/s) 2 0 + (650 kg)g(2.63 m) = 1.77 104 J
2
Also, W = P t
so
(b)
W
1.77 104 J
P =
=
= 5.91 10 3 W = 7.92 hp
t
3.00 s
When moving upward at constant speed (v = 1.75 m/s), the applied force equals the
weight = (650 kg)(9.80 m/s2) = 6.37 103 N.
Therefore, P = Fv = (6.37 103 N)(1.75 m/s) = 1.11 10 4 W = 14.9 hp
*7.48
1.00 104 h
= 13.3
750 h/bulb
15
16
7.49
Chapter 7 Solutions
(a)
fuel needed =
=
(b)
(c)
7.50
1
2
mv f 12 mv i
1
2
mv f 0
= 1.35 10 2 gal
73.8
1 gal 55.0 mi 1.00 h 1.34 108 J
(0.150) = 8.08 kW
38.0 mi 1.00 h 3600 s 1 gal
power =
At a speed of 26.8 m/s (60.0 mph), the car described in Table 7.2 delivers a power of
P1 = 18.3 kW to the wheels. If an additional load of 350 kg is added to the car, a larger output
power of
P2 = P1 + (power input to move 350 kg at speed v)
will be required. The additional power output needed to move 350 kg at speed v is:
P out = (f)v = ( rmg)v
Assuming a coefficient of rolling friction of r = 0.0160, the power output now needed from the
engine is
P2 = P1 + (0.0160)(350 kg)(9.80 m/s2)(26.8 m/s) = 18.3 kW + 1.47 kW
With the assumption of constant efficiency of the engine, the input power must increase by the
same factor as the output power. Thus, the fuel economy must decrease by this factor:
P1
(fuel economy)2 = P (fuel economy) 1 =
18.3
km
6.40
18.3
+
1.47
L
or
km
L
Chapter 7 Solutions
7.51
17
When the car of Table 7.2 is traveling at 26.8 m/s (60.0 mph), the engine delivers a power of
P1 = 18.3 kW to the wheels. When the air conditioner is turned on, an additional output power
of P = 1.54 kW is needed. The total power output now required is
P2 = P1 + P = 18.3 kW + 1.54 kW
Assuming a constant efficiency of the engine, the fuel economy must decrease by the same factor
as the power output increases. The expected fuel economy with the air conditioner on is
therefore
P1
(fuel economy)2 = P (fuel economy) 1 =
18.3
km
6.40
18.3
+
1.54
L
7.52
or
(a)
K=
1 (v/c)2
km
L
1
1 mc2 =
1 (0.995)2
K = 7.38 1013 J
(b)
Classically,
K=
1
1
mv2 = (9.11 1031 kg) [(0.995)(2.998 108 m/s)]2 = 4.05 1014 J
2
2
% error =
7.53
W = Kf Ki =
1
1 (v f/c)2
or
W =
(a)
W =
1 (vf
1
/c)2
(0.750)2
1 mc2
1
1 (v i/c)2
1 mc2
mc2
1 (v i/c)2
1
1
(0.500)2
W = 5.37 1011 J
(b)
W =
(0.995)2
1 (0.500)2
W = 1.33 109 J
Chapter 7 Solutions
18
Goal Solution
G: Since particle accelerators have typical maximum energies on the order of GeV (1eV =
1.60 1019 J), we could expect the work required to be ~1010 J.
O: The work-energy theorem is W = Kf Ki which for relativistic speeds (v ~ c) is:
W =
1
mc2
mc2
2 2
1 v i /c
2
v f /c2
A: (a) W =
1 (0.750)2
1 (0.500)2
1 (0.995)2
1 (1.50 1010 J)
L: Even though these energies may seem like small numbers, we must remember that the proton
has very small mass, so these input energies are comparable to the rest mass energy of the
proton (938 MeV = 1.50 1010 J). To produce a speed higher by 33%, the answer to part (b) is
25 times larger than the answer to part (a). Even with arbitrarily large accelerating
energies, the particle will never reach or exceed the speed of light. This is a consequence of
special relativity, which will be examined more closely in a later chapter.
*7.54
(a)
(b)
1
1
mv2 = (78.0 kg)(1.06 105 m/s) 2 = 4.38 1011 J
2
2
1 (v/c)2
1 mc2
K = 4.38 1011 J
Chapter 7 Solutions
19
*7.55
*7.56
1
1
mv2 = (0.150 kg)(34.6 m/s) 2 = 90.0 J
2
2
1 step
J
= 24.0
1.50
m
m
F = 24.0
J N m
1
= 24.0 N
m
J
P = Fv
70.0 W = (24.0 N)v
v = 2.92 m/s
7.57
v i + 2a (r r i) = v f
20
7.58
Chapter 7 Solutions
(a)
Similarly, cos =
7.59
Ax
A
Ay
A
and cos =
Az
A
where A =
Ax + Ay + Az
(b)
A x 2 A y 2 A z 2 A2
+
+
=
=1
A A A A2
(a)
x = t + 2.00t3
therefore,
(b)
a=
v=
dx
= 1 + 6.00t2
dt
K=
1
1
mv2 = (4.00)(1 + 6.00t2)
2
2
dv
= (12.0t) m/s2
dt
F = ma = 4.00(12.0t) = (48.0t) N
*7.60
(c)
(d)
W=
(a)
2.00
0
2.00
P dt =
The work done by the traveler is mghsN where N is the number of steps he climbs during
the ride.
N = (time on escalator)(n)
where (time on escalator) =
h
, and
vertical velocity of person
Chapter 7 Solutions
Then, N =
nh
and the work done by the person becomes
v + nh s
Wperson =
(b)
mgnhh s
v + nh s
h
as above. Thus,
v + nh s
mgvh
v + nh s
We =
As a check, the total work done on the persons body must add up to mgh, the work an
elevator would do in lifting him. It does add up as follows:
W = W person + W e =
7.61
xf
W=
xi
mgnhhs
mgh(nh s + v)
mgvh
+
=
= mgh
v + nh s v + nh s
v + nh s
xf
( kx + x3) dx
F dx =
0
kx f xf
+
2
4
W=
kx 2 x4 xf
+
2
4 0
W=
Fx = max kx = ma
k=
Fs
m
mg
21
Chapter 7 Solutions
22
7.63
Consider the work done on the pile driver from the time it starts from rest until it comes to rest
at the end of the fall.
W = K Wgravity + Wbeam =
so
1
1
2
2
mv f mv i
2
2
1.05 105 J
= 878 kN (upwards)
0.120 m
L: The normal force is larger than 20 kN as we expected, and is actually about 43 times greater
than the weight of the pile driver, which is why this machine is so effective.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Additional Calculation:
Show that the work done by gravity on an object can be represented by mgh, where h is the
vertical height that the object falls. Apply your results to the problem above.
By the figure, where d is the path of the object, and h is the height that the object falls,
d
dy h
h = |dy| = d cos
Since F = mg, mgh = Fd cos = Fd
In this problem, mgh = n(dn), or (2100 kg)(9.80 m/s2)(5.12 m) = n(0.120 m) and n = 878 kN
7.64
= bv
23
24
7.65
7.66
Chapter 7 Solutions
(a)
P = Fv = F(vi + at) = F 0 +
(b)
P=
(a)
F
t =
m
F 2 t
m
(20.0 N) 2
(3.00 s) = 240 W
5.00 kg
its extension is
x2 + L2 , so
k
L
L
k
F = 2ik ( x2 + L2 L)x/ x 2 + L 2
F = 2kxi (1 L/ x 2 + L 2 )
(b)
Fx dx
W=
i
2kx (1 L/ x 2 + L 2 )dx
W=
A
x dx + kL
(x2 + L2) 1/2 2x dx
W = 2k
W = 2k
x2 0
(x 2 + L 2)1/2 0
+ kL
2 A
(1/2)
A
(a)
(b)
F = F1 + F2 = (15.9i + 35.3j) N
(c)
a=
(d)
F
= (3.18i + 7.07j) m/s2
m
(top view)
Chapter 7 Solutions
(e)
r = ri + vit +
25
1 2
at
2
1
r = 0 + (4.00i + 2.50j)(m/s)(3.00 s) + (3.18i + 7.07j)(m/s2)(3.00 s) 2
2
d = r = (2.30i + 39.3j) m
(f)
Kf =
1
1
2
mv f = (5.00 kg) [(5.54)2 + (23.7)2](m/s)2 = 1.48 kJ
2
2
(g)
Kf =
1
1
2
mv i + F d = (5.00 kg) [(4.00)2 + (2.50)2](m/s)2
2
2
+ [(15.9 N)(2.30 m) + (35.3 N)(39.3 m)] = 55.6 J + 1426 J = 1.48 kJ
7.68
(a)
F (N)
25
20
15
10
L (mm)
0
0
(b)
50
100
150
200
F (N)
2.00
L (mm)
15.0
F (N)
14.0
L (mm)
112
4.00
32.0
16.0
126
6.00
49.0
18.0
149
8.00
64.0
20.0
175
10.0
79.0
22.0
190
12.0
98.0
A straight line fits the first eight points, and the origin. By least-square fitting, its slope
is 0.125 N/mm 2% = 125 N/m 2%. In F = kx, the spring constant is k = F/x, the same
as the slope of the F-versus-x graph.
(c)
26
7.69
Chapter 7 Solutions
(a)
W = K
Ws + Wg = 0
1
(1.40 103 N/m) (0.100 m)2 (0.200 kg)(9.80)(sin 60.0)x = 0
2
x = 4.12 m
(b)
W = K
Ws + Wg + Wf = 0
1
(1.40 103 N/m) (0.100)2 [(0.200)(9.80)(sin 60.0)
2
+ (0.200)(9.80)(0.400)(cos 60.0)]x = 0
x = 3.35 m
*7.70
1
1
2
2
m(v f v i ) = (0.400 kg) [(6.00)2 (8.00)2] (m/s)2 = 5.60 J
2
2
(a)
W = K =
(b)
(c)
1
2
mv i
2
or
k mg [N(2r)] =
1
2
mv i
2
This gives
N=
1
2
mv i
k mg(2 r)
1
2
(8.00 m/s)2
(0.152)(9.80 m/s2)2(1.50 m)
= 2.28 rev
Chapter 7 Solutions
7.71
1
N
1.20 (5.00 cm)(0.0500 m)
2
cm
= (0.100 kg)(9.80 m/s2)(0.0500 m) sin 10.0 +
1
(0.100 kg) v2
2
0.141
= 1.68 m/s
0.0500
10.0
7.72
ri
f
13 13
7 7
W=
F ds =
(2F 0 r F 0 r ) dr
W=
(12)
(6) r i
W=
F 0 13(rf ri
6
12
12
W = 1.03 1077 [r f
F07(r f ri ) F07 6
F013 12
6
12
=
[rf ri ]
[rf
ri ]
6
6
6
r i ] 1.89 10134 [r
12
f
12
i
(a)
W = K
m 2gh m1gh =
v=
1
2
(m + m 2)(v2 v i )
2 1
2gh(m 2 m 1 )
(m 1 + m 2 )
2(9.80)(20.0)[0.400 (0.200)(0.250)]
= 14.5 m/s
(0.400 + 0.250)
27
28
Chapter 7 Solutions
(b)
W f + W g = K = 0
(m 1 + m 1)gh + m 2gh = 0
(m1 + m1) = m2
m1 =
(c)
m2
0.400 kg
m1 =
0.250 kg = 1.75 kg
0.200
W f + W g = K = 0
m 1gh + (m 2 m 2)gh = 0
m2 = m2 m1 = 0.400 kg (0.200)(0.250 kg) = 0.350 kg
7.74
P t = W = K =
(m)v 2
2
vt
A
The density is
m
m
=
=
vol A x
Substituting this into the first equation and solving for P, since
x
=v
t
for a constant speed, we get
P=
Av 3
2
Av 2
2
23.7
7.75
375dx
We evaluate
12.8 x3 + 3.75x by calculating
375(0.100)
375(0.100)
375(0.100)
+
+...
= 0.806
3
3
(12.8) + 3.75(12.8) (12.9) + 3.75(12.9)
(23.6)3 + 3.75(23.6)
and
375(0.100)
375(0.100)
375(0.100)
+
+...
= 0.791
(12.9)3 + 3.75(12.9) (13.0)3 + 3.75(13.0)
(23.7)3 + 3.75(23.7)
The answer must be between these two values. We may find it more precisely by using a value
for x smaller than 0.100. Thus, we find the integral to be 0.799 N m .
Chapter 7 Solutions
*7.76
(a)
(1)
Pt=b
(3)
w
(2d)
2
t
d
= bw
2
2
and
(2)
t
w
= b d
2
2
(4)
P t = b w d
2
2
fk = kn
(b)
For one example, consider a horizontal force F pushing an object of weight w at constant
velocity across a horizontal floor with which the object has coefficient of friction k.
F = ma implies that:
+n w = 0
and
F kn = 0
so that F = kw
As the object moves a distance
29