Dubai Engineering Standard PDF

SPECIFICATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
GENERAL
1.1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1.1
Preamble
1.1.2
Abbreviations
1.1.3
Datum
1.1.4
Right of Way
1.1.5
Geotechnical Information
1.1.6
Interpretation of Drawings
1.1.7
Responsibility of Contractor
1.1.8
Governing Standards
1.1.9
Groundwater levels in Dubai
1.2
SITE OFFICE FOR ENGINEERS REPRESENTATIVE

1.2.1
General
1.2.2
Specific Requirements
1.2.3
Location of Contract Offices sand Other Contract Facilities
1.2.4
Service Authorities
1.3
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.3.1
Materials
1.3.2
Setting-Out the Work
1.3.3
Notice of Operation
1.3.4
Traffic Safety and Control
1.3.5
Access to Private Land
1.3.6
Roads and Site to be Kept Clean
1.3.7
Compensation for Damage to Property
1.3.8
Existing Services
1.3.9
Continuous Working
1.3.10
Temporary Staging for Structures
1.3.11
Water Supply
1.3.12
Filling in Holes and Trenches
1.3.13
Protection of Works from Weather
1.3.14
Keeping the Works Free from Water
1.3.15
Sign Boards
1.3.16
Templates
1.3.17
Assistance to the Engineer
1.3.18
Surveying Equipment
1.3.18.1
Expendable Materials
1.3.19
Laboratory (See Appendix , Part 3 of 3)
1.3.19.1
General
1.3.20
Minimum Test Requirements
1.3.21
Sources of Materials
1.3.22
Programming the Progress of the Works
1.3.23
Progress Reports
1.3.24
Progress Photographs
1.3.25
Flows in Pipelines and at Pumping Stations
1.3.26
1.3.27
1.3.28
Suppression of Noise
Closing of Roads
NOC from Relevant Authorities
2.0
EARTHWORKS
2.1
CLEARING AND GRUBBING
2.2
REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

2.2.1
General
2.2.2
Removal of Pipes
2.3
STRUCTURAL EXCAVATION
2.3.1
General
2.3.2
Pre-Construction and Land Drainage Records
2.3.3
Setting Out
2.3.4
Topsoil and Surfacing Materials
2.3.5
Land Drains
2.3.6
Hand Excavation
2.3.7
Support to Excavations
2.3.8
Dewatering
2.3.9
Formation
2.3.10
Excavation at or Near Roads
2.3.11
Excavation for Structures
2.3.12
Excavation for Pipelines
2.3.13
Excavation for Cable/Ducts
2.3.14
Excavated Material
2.3.15
Replacement of Unsuitable Material
2.3.16
Disposal of Material
2.3.17
Cofferdams
2.4
BACKFILLING EXCAVATIONS
2.4.1
General
2.4.2
Selected Backfill
2.4.3
Special Backfill
2.4.4
Filter Material
2.4.5
Structural and Non-Structural Filling
2.4.6
Backfilling of Trenches for Cables/Ducts
2.5
PROTECTION OF EXISTING SERVICES AND REINSTSATEMENT

2.5.1
General
2.5.2
Reinstatement of Unpaved Land
2.5.3
Reinstatement within Road Corridors
2.5.4
Reinstatement of Other Surfaced Areas
2.5.5
Excavation and Reinstatement in Developed Reservations
3.0
CONCRETE WORKS
3.1
GENERAL
3.2
MATERIALS
3.2.1
Cement
3.2.1.1
General
3.2.1.2
Ordinary Portland Cement
3.2.1.3
Sulphate Resisting Cement
3.2.1.4
Moderate Sulphate Resisting Cement
3.2.2
Fine Aggregate for Concrete and Mortar
3.2.3
Coarse Aggregate for Concrete
3.2.4
Combined Aggregate
3.2.5
Water
3.2.5.1
General
3.2.5.2
3.2.6
Admixtures
3.2.7
Concrete Mix Specification
3.2.8
Cement Mortar and Grout
3.3
MIXING AND TESTING

3.3.1
Samples of Aggregates
3.3.2
Trial Mixes for Concrete
3.3.3
Water/Cement Ratio
3.3.4
Measurement of Ingredients
3.3.5
Mixing Concrete
3.3.6
Re-Mixing Concrete
3.3.7
Concrete Testing
3.3.7.1
General
3.3.7.2
Preliminary Testing
3.3.7.3
Works Testing
3.3.7.4
Workability Testing
3.3.8
Frequency of Testing Aggregate and Concrete
3.4
TRANSPORTING AND PLACING CONCRETE

3.4.1
General Requirements
3.4.2
Placing Concrete in Hot Weather
3.4.3
Placing Concrete in Water (Tremie Concrete)
3.4.4
Blinding Concrete
3.5
COMPACTING CONCRETE
3.4.1
Tamping
3.4.2
Vibrating
3.6
CURING OF CONCRETE
3.7
JOINTS IN CONCRETE
3.7.1
Intervals During Concrete
3.7.2
Construction Joints
3.7.3
Jointing Fresh to Set Concrete
3.7.4
3.7.5
3.7.6
3.7.7
Expansion Joints
Expansion Joint Filler
Expansion Joint Sealing Compound
Waterstop Across Joints in Concrete Structures
3.8
INSPECTION OF CONCRETE
3.9
FAULTY CONCRETE WORK
3.10
REPAIRS TO CONCRETE
3.11
SUPERVISION OF CONCRETE WORK
3.12
FINISHING OF CONCRETE
3.13
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FORMWORK

3.13.1
General
3.13.2
Spacing Blocks and Temporary Construction Ties
3.13.3
Slab Forms
3.13.4
Type of Formwork
3.13.4.1
Exposed Concrete Faces for Bridges
3.13.4.2
Sawn Formwork
3.13.5
Preparation of Formwork for Concreting
3.13.6
Approval of Formwork for Concreting
3.13.7
Removal of Formwork
3.13.8
Concrete Below Ground
3.14
READY MIXED CONCRETE

3.14.1
Compliance with Specification
3.14.2
Pumping Concrete
3.14.3
Field Control
3.14.4
Remixing
3.14.5
Documentation
3.15
REINFORCEMENT STEEL
3.15.1
General
3.15.2
Materials Specifications
3.15.3
Construction of Reinforcement
3.15.3.1
Placing Reinforcement
3.15.3.2
Maintaining Reinforcement in Position
3.15.3.3
Approval of Reinforcement Before Concreting
3.16
PRECAST CONCRETE KERBS, EDGINGS & QUADRANTS
3.17
IN-SITU CONCRTE EDGING
4.0
PIPES, PIPEWORK, MANHOLES AND CHAMBERS
4.1
PIPE MATERIALS
4.1.1
Pipe Classification and Pressure Ratings
4.1.2
Joint Requirements and Limitations
4.1.2.1
Flexible Joints
4.1.2.2
Flanged Joints
4.1.2.3
Flange Adaptors
4.1.2.4
Bolted Couplings
4.1.2.5
Nuts and Bolts
4.1.2.6
Shipping and Handling
4.1.3
Asbestos Cement Pipes and Fittings
4.1.4
Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes and Fittings (uPVC)
4.1.5
uPVC Pipes for land Drains
4.1.6
Glass Reinforced Pipes and Fittings GRP)
4.1.6.1
General
4.1.6.2
GRP Pipes and fittings for Pumping Stations
and Valve Chambers
4.1.6.3
Factory Testing
4.1.6.4
Installation
4.1.7
Polyethylene Pipes (HDPE or HPPE)
4.1.7.1
General
4.1.7.2
Wall thickness
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF PIPES
4.2.1
General
4.2.2
Glass Reinforced Plastic Pipes (GRP)
4.2.3
Thermoplastic Pipes
4.2
4.3
GRANULAR MATERIAL FOR PIPE BEDDING

4.3.1
Stone for land Drains
4.3.2
Compaction Fraction Test
4.4
CONVENTIONAL (OPEN TRENCH) PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

4.4.1
General
4.4.2
Nominal Trench Widths
4.4.2.1Pipeline in Wide Trenches
4.4.3
Pipe laying and Jointing
4.4.4
Pipelines in Concrete Cradles and Surrounds
4.4.5
Pipelines on Granular Beds
4.4.6
Placing Surrounds to Pipelines
4.4.6.1
Group A Pipe Materials
4.4.6.2
Group B Pipe Materials
4.4.6.3
Compaction of Pipe Surrounds
4.4.6.4
Pipelines Below Permanent Groundwater Level
4.4.7
Backfilling of Trenches Pipelines/Structures
4.4.8
Deflection Measurements on Group B Pipelines
4.4.8.1
General
4.4.8.2
Deflection Measurements GRP Pipes
4.4.8.3
Deflection Measurements uPVC and other Plastic
Pipes
4.4.9
4.4.10
4.4.11
4.4.12
4.4.13
4.4.14
4.4.15
Stanks to Pipelines in Granular Bedding

Thrust and Anchor Blocks to Pressure Pipelines
Pipes Protruding from Structures, Concrete Surrounds and Anchor
Blocks
4.4.11.1
Group A Pipe Materials
4.4.11.2
Group B Pipe Materials
Protection of Pipelines and Pipeline Component
Indicator Posts to Pressure Mains
Enclosing Granular or Stone Surround with Geotextile Filter Fabric
Underground Services Warning Tapes
4.5
PIPEWORK WITHIN STRUCTURES
4.6
MANHOLES, CHAMBERS, AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES

4.6.1
General
4.6.2
Construction of Manholes, Chambers and Special Structures
4.6.2.1
Road Gullies
4.6.3
Access Covers, Frames, and Grates
4.6.3.1
General
4.6.3.2
Access Covers and Frames
4.6.3.3
Reinforced Plastic Sealing Plates to Access Covers
4.6.3.4
Road Gully Gratings and Frames
4.7
DUBAI MUNICIPALITY STANDARDS FOR COVERS AND GRATINGS

4.7.1
Approved List of Suppliers
5.0
BRICKWORK AND BLOCKWORK
5.1
MATERIALS
5.1.1
Concrete Bricks and Blocks
5.1.2
Bricks
5.1.3
Sand for Mortar
5.1.4
Lime for Mortar
5.2
CONSTRUCTION
5.2.1
General
5.2.2
Engineering Brickwork
5.2.3
Blockwork
5.2.4
Cement Mortar
5.2.5
Cement Lime Mortar
5.2.6
Cement Mortar Rendering
6.0
INSPECTION AND TESTING OF PIPELINES AND STRUCTURES
6.1
CLEANING AND INSPECTION OF PIPELINES
6.2
TESTING OF PIPELINES
6.2.1
General
6.2.2
Testing of Non-Pressure Pipelines
6.2.3
Testing of Pressure Pipelines
6.3
TESTING OF VALVES
6.4
TESTING OF WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES
7.0
NOT USED
8.0
NOT USED
9.0
CORROSION PROTECTION AND ODOUR CONTROL
9.1
MATERIALS
9.1.1
Corrosive Environments
9.1.2
Paint
9.1.3
Impervious Tanking Membrane
9.1.4
PVC Sheet Lining Material
9.1.5
Reinforced Plastic Liners
9.1.6
In-Situ Laminations
9.1.7
Epoxy Mortar
9.1.8
Bituminous Emulsions
9.1.9
Water Proof Paper
9.1.10
Protective Materials for Wrapping Pipeline Components Suppliers
9.1.11
Approved Paint Suppliers
9.2
INSTALLATION - PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND LINERS TO

CONCRETE
9.2.1
General
9.2.2
Protective Coatings/PVC Liners
9.2.3
9.2.4
Cutting and Sealing of Reinforced Liners
9.3
ODOUR CONTROL FACILITIES

9.3.1
General
9.3.2
Soil Moisture and pH probes
9.3.3
Activated Carbon Odour Control Filter
9.3.4
Natural Soil Odour Control Filter
9.3.4.1
Materials
9.3.4.2
Installation
9.3.4.3
Monitoring
9.3.4.4
Maintenance
9.3.4.5
Acceptance Test
10.
BULIDING SPECIFICATIONS
10.1
CONCRETE
10.1.1
Tolerance
10.1.2
Concrete Finish
10.1.3
Construction Bays
10.1.4
Small Precast Items
10.1.5
Cast-in Fixings
10.1.6
Timber Cast-in Fixings
10.2

10.2.1
Damp-Proof Course
10.2.2
Wall Ties
10.2.3
Door and Window Frame Ties
10.2.4
Mastic
10.2.5
Brickwork and Mortar
10.2.6
Cement Mortar
10.2.7
Pointing
10.2.8
Hollow Walls
10.3
ROOFING
10.3.1
Roof Screed
10.3.2
Roof Primer
10.3.3
Waterproofing Membrane
10.3.4
Roof Insulation
10.3.5
Roof Surface
10.3.6
Roof Decking
10.3.7
Fascia Cladding
10.4
JOINERY
10.4.1
Timber-General
10.4.2
Timber-Sizes
10.4.3
Hardwood
10.4.4
Timber Fixing Accessories
10.4.5
Timber Preservative
10.4.6
Ironmongery
10.4.7
Workmanship
10.4.8
Storage
10.4.9
Door Frames
10.4.10 Doors
10.5
METALWORK
10.5.1
Aluminium
10.5.2
Aluminium Louvres
10.5.3
Aluminium Windows
10.5.4
Ironmongery
10.6
PLUMBING
10.6.1
Copper Tubes
10.6.2
Copper Fittings, Waste Pipes, Ball Valves, etc
10.6.3
10.6.4
10.6.5
10.6.6
10.6.7
10.6.8
10.6.9
10.6.10
UPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings

Workmanship
Pipework
Copper Tube Fixing
Waste Pipes
Sleeves
Testing
Storage Tanks
10.7
PLASTERWORK & OTHER WALL, FLOOR & CEILING FINISHES

10.7.1
Cement
10.7.2
Lime
10.7.3
Sand
10.7.4
Gypsum Plasters
10.7.5
Plaster Trims
10.7.6
Metal Lathing
10.7.7
Plasticisers
10.7.8
Bonding Agents
10.7.9
Storage
10.7.10 Floor Tiles
10.7.11 Wall Tiles (Internal)
10.7.12 Wall Tiles (External)
10.7.13 Tile Adhesive
10.7.14 Tile Grout
10.7.15 Expansion Joints
10.7.16 Backgrounds
10.7.17 Dissimilar Materials
10.7.18 Hacking
10.7.19 Dubbing Out
10.7.20 Splatterdash or Stipple Coat
10.7.21 Internal Finishes General
10.7.22 Internal Render
10.7.23 Stucco
10.7.24 External Render
10.8
GLAZING
10.8.1
Glass
10.8.2
Bedding Compound
10.9
PAINTING AND DECORATING

10.9.1
Painting-General
10.9.2
Exterior Stain
10.9.3
Workmanship
10.9.4
Stoppng to Plaster
10.9.5
Steel Priming
10.9.6
Oil-Based Paints
10.9.7
Internal Finish to Walls
10.9.8
Ironmongery
11.0
Not Used
12.0
SAFETY PROCEDURES
12.1
GENERAL
12.2
FAMILIARISATION WITH SAFETY PROBLEMS
12.3
SAFETY OFFICER
12.4
SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS AT THE SITE
12.5
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
12.6
SAFETY PROCEDURES
12.6.1
General
12.6.2
Atmosphere Monitoring
12.6.3
Atmosphere Ventilation
12.6.4
Safety Harness
12.6.5
Emergency Breathing Apparatus
12.6.6
Active Confined Space Entry
12.6.7
Washing Facilities
12.6.8
Communication
12.6.9
Lighting
12.7
TRAFFIC CONTROL
13.0
Not Used
14.0
Not Used
15.0
Not Used
16.0
MICRO TUNNELING AND PIPE JACKING
16.1
GENERAL
16.1.1
List of Approved Specialist Firms/Sub-Contractors
16.2
SURVEY CONTROL
16.2.1
General
16.2.2
Survey References
16.2.3
Structural Survey
16.2.4
Site Investigations
16.3
GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION
16.3.1
Settlement Points
16.3.2
Settlement Anchors
16.3.3
Inclinometers (If required)
16.3.4
Groundwater Observation Wells
16.3.5
Optical Surveys
16.4
DEWATERING
16.4.1
Submittals
16.5
SITE INVESTIGATION
16.6
QUALITY CONTROL
16.7
EQUIPMENT
16.8
EXECUTION
16.9
TESTING
16.10 SAFETY
VOLUME 2
SPECFICATIONS
INDEX
PART 2 OF 3: MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL WORKS (NOT
APPLICABLE)
SECTION 17
GENERAL, EELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL
SPECIFICATION
SECTION 18
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION
SECTION 19
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATION
SECTION 20
MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL
17.0
GENERAL, ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SPECIFICATION
17.1
DRAWINGS AND INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR ELECTRICAL AND

MECHANICAL PLANT
17.2
DRAWINGS AND INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR ELECTRICAL AND

MECHANICAL PLANT
17.2.1
At the start of the Contract
17.2.2
As Built Record Drawing
17.2.3
Prior to Delivery of Plant
17.2.4
Prior to the Issue of the Taking-Over Certificate
17.2.5
During the Maintenance Period
17.3
WORKMANSHIP AND DESIGN OF PLANT
17.4
LUBRICATION OF PLANT
17.5
INITIAL CHARGES OF OILS AND OTHER CONSUMABLES
17.6
SPARES
17.7
TOOLS AND LUBRICANTS
17.8
DELIVERY OF SPARES, TOOLS AND LUBRICANTS
17.9
PPROTECTION AND PACKING FOR SHIPMENT/STORAGE
17.10 AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF PLANT

17.11 INSTRUCTIONS AND TRAINING OF EMPLOYERS STAFF
17.12 MAINTENANCE OF PLANT
17.13 RETURN TO SITE
17.14 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS
17.14.1 Introduction
17.14.2 General Requirements and Contents
17.15 WORKS TESTING AND INSPECTION OF MANUFACTURED ITEMS
17.16 TESTING AND CERTIFICATION OF MOTORS
17.17 SITE TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL AND
MECHANICAL PLANT
17.18 PLANT SUPPLIERS FOR THIS CONTRACT
17.19 CLIMATE
17.20 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

17.21 DERATING DUE TO THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
17.22 TROPICALISATION
17.22.1 General
17.22.2 Metals
17.22.3 Screws, Nuts, Springs, Pivots etc
17.22.4 Wood
17.22.5 Electrical Insulating Materials
17.23 WORK IN DANGEROUS AREAS
17.24 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS AREAS
17.25 HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK, ETC. ACT 1974
17.26 PROGRESS REPORTS
17.27 QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS
17.28 ADAPTION OF EQUIPMENT
17.29 GUARANTEE
17.30 CO-ORDINATION
17.31 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING PROCEDURES AND DOCUMENTS
17.32 SITE RELIABILITY TRIALS
18.0
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION
18.1
HV AND LV FACTORY BUILT ASSEMBLIES (F.B.AS)

18.1.1
Construction
18.1.2
Earthing Bars
18.1.3
Terminals
18.1.4
Busbars
18.1.5
Anti-Condensation Heaters
18.1.6
Indicating Lamps
18.1.7
Indicating Instruments
18.1.8
Motor Starter Isolation
18.1.9
Control Circuit Protection
18.1.10 Rotor Resistances
18.1.11 Socket Outlets
18.1.12 Metering
18.1.13 Labelling
18.1.14 Spares
18.1.15 Future Equipment
18.1.16 Standby Generator Connection
18.1.17 Weatherproof Switchboards
18.1.18 Panel Wiring
18.1.19 Thermal Overload Relays
18.2
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
18.2.1
H.V. Circuit Breakers
18.2.2
Air Break Circuit Breakers
18.2.3
General
18.3
EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND SWITCH

DISCONNECTORS
18.4
FUSE-SWITCHES AND FUSE-SWITCH DISCONNECTORS
18.5
FUSE
18.6
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
18.7
INSTRUMENT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
18.8
ISOLATING TRANSFORMERS
18.9
SELECTOR SWITCHES
18.10 EARTHING
18.11 AC MOTORS
18.12 MOTOR STARTERS

18.12.1 General
18.12.2 L.V. Starters
18.12.3 H.V. Starters
18.12.4 Slip Ring Rotor Resistance Motor Starters
18.12.4.1 General
18.12.4.2 Floor Standing Units
18.12.4.3 Panel Top Units
18.12.4.4 Integral Panel Units
18.13 MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKERS (M.C.C.BS)
18.14 PUMP CONTROLS
18.15 TELEMETRY SYSTEM
18.16 BNATTERY UNITS
18.17 TRANSFORMERS
18.17.1 Standards
18.17.2 Windings
18.17.3 Construction
18.17.4 Fittings
18.18 INSTRUMENTS, INDICATORS AND TRANSMITTERS
18.18.1 General
18.18.2 Instrument Ranges
18.18.3 Field Mounted Instruments
18.18.4 Panel Mounted Instruments
18.18.5 Indicators
18.18.6 Digital Indicators
18.18.7 Integrators
18.18.8 Chart Recorders
18.18.9 Transmitters
18.19 FLOW MEASURING EQUIPMENT
18.19.1 Electro Magnetic Flow Meters
18.19.2 Ultrasonic In-Line Flow Meter
18.19.3 Ultrasonic Open Channel Flow Measuring Equipment
18.19.4 Installation of Ultrasonic Sensors
18.20 LEVEL MEASURING & CONTROL EQUIPMENT
18.20.1 Ultrasonic Level Measuring Equipment
18.20.2 Pressure Level Measuring Equipment
18.20.3 Float Level Control Equipment
18.21 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF LIGHTING AND SMALL POWER

INSTALLATIONS
18.21.1 Small Power Installations
18.21.2 Lighting Installations
18.21.3 Emergency Lights
18.22 PORTABLE PLANT
18.23 WIRING & CABLING ACCESSORIES
18.23.1 Wiring
18.23.2 Distribution Boards
18.23.3 Socket Outlets
18.23.4 Switches
18.23.5 Lighting Fittings
18.24 CABLES
18.24.1
18.24.2
18.24.3
18.24.4
18.24.5
General
PLYSW & PVC Oversheath Cables
PVC SWA PVC Cables
XLPE PVC SWA PVC Cables
PVC MICC Cables
18.25 CABLING METHODS

18.25.1 General
18.25.2 Conduit System and Associated Cables
18.25.3 Flexible Conduit
18.25.4 Cable Trunking and Associated Cables
18.25.5 Cable Tray
18.26 EARTHING
18.27 ELECTRICAL ACTUATORS
18.28 PLCs AND MICROPROCESSOR EQUIPMENT
19.0
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATION
19.1
FINISH
19.2
MATERIALS
19.3
VALVES
19.3.1
General
19.3.2
Gate Valves for Sewage and Related Fluids
19.3.3
Air Valves
19.3.4
Flush Valves
19.3.5
Flap Valves
19.4
PUMPS
19.4.1
19.4.2
Submersible Pumps
19.5
PRESSURE AND COMPOUND GUAGE FOR SEWAGE & SLUDGE
19.6
CENTRIFUGAL FANS (AIR BLOWERS)
19.7
SUPPORTS AND FIXINGS
19.8
SETTING OF MACHINERY
19.9
SUPPORT OF PIPEWORK AND VALVES
19.10 PENSTOCKS
19.10.1 General
19.10.2 Austenitic Ni Resist Iron Penstocks
19.10.3 Stainless Steel Penstock
19.10.4 Plastic Penstock
19.10.5 Actuators
19.11 LIFTING EQUIPMENT
19.11.10. Electrically Operated Traversing Cranes
19.11.11. Manually Operated Lifting Equipment
19.11.12. Lifting Frames
19.11.13. Lifting Davits
20.0
MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL
20.1
METAL AND PLASTIC MATERIALS

20.1.1 Aluminium Alloy
20.1.2 Steel
20.1.3 Stainless Steel
20.1.4 Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic
20.2
METAL AND PLASTIC PREFABRICATED ITEMS

20.2.1 Ladders
20.2.2 Underground Hydrants and Covers
20.2.3 Open Mesh and Chequer Plate Flooring
20.2.4 Galvanised Steel Guardrailing
20.2.5 Aluminium Guardrailing
20.3
ODOUR CONTROL EQUIPMENT

20.3.1 Design Parameters
20.3.2 Description and Arrangement of Plant
20.3.2.1
General
20.3.2.2
Filter Media Housing
20.3.2.3
Filter Media
20.3.2.4
Extract Fans
20.3.2.5
Differential Pressure Switch
20.3.2.6
H2S Monitor
20.3.2.7
Ductwork
20.3.2.8
Filters
20.3.2.9
Flexible Joints
20.4
VENTILATION
20.4.1 General
20.4.2 Extract Fans
20.4.3 Wet Well Ventilation
20.4.4 Dry Well Ventilation
20.4.5 Fans
20.4.6 Fan Motors
20.4.7 Ducting
20.5
AIR CONDITIONING
20.5.1 Wall Mounted Air Conditioning Units
20.5.2 Centralised Air Conditioning Systems
20.5.3 Split Unit Air Conditioners
20.6
STANDBY DIESEL GENERATION PLANT

20.6.1 Application
20.6.2 General Description of the Plant
20.6.3 Engine - General
20.6.4 Engine - Lubrication
20.6.5 Engine - Fuel System
20.6.6 Engine - Cooling
20.6.7 Engine - Exhaust System
20.6.8 Engine - Speed Control
20.6.9 Engine - Starting
20.6.10 Engine - Panel
20.6.11 Engine - Safety Devices
20.6.12 Engine - Wiring
20.6.13 Alternator Output
20.6.14 Alternator Construction
20.6.15 Alternator Terminals
20.6.16 Alternator Insulation
20.6.17 Alternator Heaters
20.6.18 Alternator Waveform, Regulation and Radio Frequency
Interference
20.6.19 Control Panel Construction
20.6.20 Control Panel Front Panel
20.6.21 Control Panel Alarm Annunciator
20.6.22 Control Panels General
20.6.23 Bulk Fuel Tanks
20.6.24 Transfer Pumps
20.6.25 Fuel System
20.6.26 Enclosure
20.7
FIRE ALARM & EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM

20.7.1 General
20.7.2 Manual Fire alarm Call Point
20.7.3 Optical Smoke Detector
20.7.4 Detector Base
20.7.5 Fire Alarm Panel
20.7.6 Fire Extinguishing Equipment
20.8
ACCESSORIES
20.9
GAS DETECTORS
20.9.1 General
20.9.2 Portable Gas Detector
20.10 SURGE
SECTION 1
GENERAL
1.1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1.1
Preamble
These Specifications shall be read in conjunction with the other documents of the
Tender and Contract Documents and Drawings. The Contractor shall comply with
all the provisions contained within these Documents. The Contractor shall take
note of the Appendices contained in Part 3 of 3 of these Specifications. Where
items in Part 1 of 3 of the Specifications are also covered in the Appendices the
requirements of the Appendices shall take precedence.
Works shall also comply with Dubai Municipality The Roads General
Specification and DM Advisory Notes, Local and Administrative Order. Any
clause in these Specifications which relates to work or materials not required by the
Contract shall be deemed not to apply.
In order to avoid needless repetition of such phrases as "to the Engineer" and "by
the Engineer" or "the Engineer's Representative" throughout these Specifications it
shall be understood that when an order, instruction, decision, exercise of judgment
or other similar act is indicated, such order, instruction, decision, exercise of
judgment or other similar action will be issued, given, made or referred to the
Engineer or the Engineer's Representative.
1.1.2
Abbreviations
In this Contract the following abbreviations have the meanings hereby assigned to
them:
"AASHTO" means the specification issued by the American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials.
"ACI" means the specification issued by the American Concrete Institute.
"ASA" means the specification issued by the American Standard Association.
"ASTM" means the specification by the American Society for Testing and
Materials.
"ANSI" means American National Standards Institute.
"BS" means the specification issued by the British Standards Institution.
"BS. EN" means European Standards adopted as a British Standard.
"CP" means the Code of Practice issued by the BS.
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
"ISO" means International Standards Organisation.

"mm" means millimetre.
"cm" means centimetre.
"sq. cm, or cm2" means square centimetre.
"lin. m" means linear metre.
"sq. m, or m2" means square metre.
"cu. m, or m3" means cubic metre.
"km" means kilometre.
"kg" means kilogrammes.
"t" means tonne.
"gal" means U.S. gallon.
"ml" means millilitre.
"l" means litre.
"U S G" means U.S. gauge.
"No." means Number.
Where no units are quoted for a figure the relevant "System International" (SI) unit
should be assumed.
1.1.3
Datum
The levels shown on the Drawings are referred to a series of bench-marks, located
throughout the area of the project, and whose positions and values are shown on the
Drawings. In the event of any such bench-mark having become obliterated, the
Contractor shall make his own arrangements to ensure that the works are
constructed to the levels shown on the Drawings or as amended by the Engineer,
and if it is found necessary to cover or destroy any of such indicated bench-marks
the Contractor shall transfer the level of such bench-marks to other approved fixed
points, which shall then be surveyed and marked on the Drawings. The survey
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
station details obtained by the Contractor from the Dubai Municipality Survey
Section shall be at Contractors cost.
1.1.4
Right of Way
The Contractor shall make all the necessary arrangements for any land required for
working areas outside the right of way, including payment when necessary, and the
Employer does not accept any liability in connection with such land. This includes
land for compounds, temporary roads, detours, diversions and stock piling
materials.
1.1.5
Geotechnical Information
Any soils and materials test results and information provided for the Contractor
with the Contract Documents at Tender stage are for his information only. The
Contractor shall be deemed to have studied this information during the preparation
of his Tender and to have carried out any further tests as he may consider
necessary.
Any Geotechnical information obtained by the Contractor after
conducting any soils investigation either during the tender or construction period
shall be sent to DM-DLCD No claims for additional payment will be considered
from the Contractor on the grounds that the information is insufficient, incorrect, or
misleading.
1.1.6
Interpretation of Drawings
The Employer and the Engineer accept no responsibility for any omissions from or
for correctness of the representation of existing features on the Drawings.
1.1.7
Responsibility of Contractor
Where the approval of the Engineer is required under these Specifications such
approval shall not relieve the Contractor of his duties, responsibilities or liabilities
under the Contract.
1.1.8
Governing Standards
Wherever in the specification tests on completed works and construction control
tests are called for or implied, they shall be carried out according to, and the
materials shall comply with, the requirements of the specification (latest edition)
with the priority of latest edition, of standards shall be as follows:
a.
b.
c.
UAE and DM standards

International standards such as ISO
National standards such as BSI and DIN
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
d.
Others as stated in this specification such as ASTM, etc
The Contractor shall provided for the exclusive use of the Engineer, copies of each
and any code of practice, international standards etc. relevant to the works besides
all manufacturers literature relating to all products to be used in the works, current
BSI handbook No 3 and the manufacturers instructions for all relevant products,
materials, components and installation.
1.1.9
Groundwater Levels in Dubai

The Contractor will be deemed to have carried out his own investigations at the
time of Tender to ascertain for himself the nature of the soil conditions and in
particular the groundwater levels that will be encountered.
Method statements for dealing with groundwater shall be submitted within three
weeks of the signing of the Contract.
1.1.10
Pollution of Khor Dubai or Arabian Gulf

The Contractor shall ensure that no extraneous matter, rubbish or polluting liquid is
deposited or discharged to the Khor Dubai (Creek) or to the foreshore or sea of the
Arabian Gulf.
1.2
SITE OFFICE FOR ENGINEER'S REPRESENTATIVE
1.2.1
General
The Contractor shall provide, maintain and keep clean temporary site offices with
all associated equipment and services for the exclusive use of the Engineer's
Representative and his staff, from commencement until completion of the whole of
the Works.
The temporary site offices shall be as-new prefabricated portable unit/s or
alternatively of some other form of weatherproof design and construction to the
approval of the Engineer. The building shall be erected on suitable solid
foundation.
The offices shall have full partitions and room sizes shall be as shown in the
Schedule of Offices. All rooms shall have individual entrance doors.
Corridor and entrance areas shall be additional to the office sizes.
The offices shall be air-conditioned with the exception of the Toilet, Shower and
Kitchen areas.
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
All rooms shall have glazed windows complete with fly screens and Venetian sun
blinds.
Adequate fitted hardware, electrical switches, sockets, lighting, plumbing fittings,
sanitary ware and fittings and fixtures, etc., shall be provided as necessary for the
different areas.
The electrical installation shall provide for simultaneous use of all electrical
appliances.
The electrical supply shall be 220-250 volts, 50 Hz. The Contractor may either
arrange for a temporary power supply to the offices or alternatively provide and
maintain adequate diesel generator sets. All electricity bills shall be paid by the
Contractor.
The Contractor may either arrange for a temporary mains water supply or
alternatively provide tankered water supply. All water bills shall be paid by the
Contractor.
A minimum of two telephone lines with extensions shall be provided for the offices
along with a third line for an independent telefax facility as shown in the Schedule
of Fittings in Appendix C and the Contractor shall pay all installation and rental
charges, and call charges, if any, for UAE calls only.
Covered car parking areas of approved construction for five (5) cars shall be
provided adjacent to the offices.
The Contractor shall submit any necessary drawings and calculations for the
construction of the offices for the Engineer's approval before commencing
construction and shall be responsible for ensuring that the offices are structurally
sound. The Engineer may request alterations at this stage. The drawings shall be
approved in writing by the Engineer before installation/construction shall
commence.
The offices shall be completed and all the equipment provided by the end of the
Mobilisation Period.
The Contractor shall provide all items listed in the following Schedule of Offices
and Schedule of Fittings. The Contractor shall obtain the Engineers approval for
all furniture and equipment proposed.
1.2.2
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
1.2.3
1.
The Contractor shall be responsible for making all arrangements and

payments in respects of any land required for the site of the building.
2.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the security of the building and its
contents at all times and shall employ watchmen for this purpose.
3.
The Contractor shall supply the Consultant's staff with all safety clothing
and equipment that shall be necessary for site working such as safety
helmets, reflective waistcoats, etc.
4.
The building shall be well constructed, burglar proof, mosquito proof and
weatherproof and shall have sufficient doors and glass covered windows for
proper light and ventilation. Floors shall be covered with suitable, approved
flooring.
5.
The Contractor shall retain on site for the exclusive use of the Engineer all
codes and standards referred to in the Specification.
6.
The building and services shall be available, fully maintained, until 1 month
after the issue of the Taking Over Certificate for the whole of the Works.
7.
Following the completion of the whole of the Works, the Contractor shall
remove the offices from the Site and reinstate the area to a natural condition
or as directed by the Engineer.
8.
The building and all equipment, materials, fittings, etc., shall become the
property of the Contractor after the completion of the Works.
Location of Contract Offices and Other Contract Facilities

Within seven days of the date of the Letter of Acceptance issued by the Employer
the Contractor shall submit a plan or plans showing his proposed locations for and
details of:
Offices for the Engineer or Engineer's Representatives.
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
The Contractor's Site Offices.

The Contractor's Stores, Plant and Maintenance Yard, Concrete Batching and
Materials Stockpiling Facilities.
Principal routes for heavy plant and lorries.
Areas for the temporary storage and permanent dumping of excavated material.
The Offices of the Contractor's Project Manager will normally be adjacent to or
close to those of the Engineer for ease of communication.
The plan(s) shall be submitted to the Engineer in six (6) copies for approval. Any
reasonable changes or modifications suggested by the Engineer shall be
incorporated. All locations shall be subject to the approval of the Employer.
Departures from the approved details shall not be permitted unless written consent
is obtained from the Engineer.
1.2.4
Service Authorities
Arrangements for mains water supply, mains electricity supply and telephone
connections shall be made through:Dubai Electricity and Water Authority
Water Division
Dubai Electricity and Water Authority
Electricity Division
Etisalat Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Dubai)
The Service Authorities shall be deemed to also include Departments and/or
Sections of Dubai Municipality and any other public or private authority
responsible for services.
1.3
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.3.1
Materials
Materials delivered to the Site for the purpose of the Works, shall be accompanied
by a "Certificate of Guarantee" signed by the authorised representative of the
manufacturer, which will legally bind the manufacturer to the product delivered.
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
Such Certification shall state that the materials specifications and test results are in
compliance with the specified requirement of the pertinent designations of the most
recent edition of ASTM, BS or any other approved equivalent National Standard
unless otherwise directed.
Falsification of such Certificates, Materials, Specifications or Test Results shall be
just cause for the rejection of the materials.
All products/materials shall have approved National Certificate of conformance
similar to BSI Quality Kite Mark or National Agrement Certificate such as BBA
for non-standard products and systems to be approved by the Engineer and verified
by DM-Dubai Central Laboratory
1.3.2
Setting-Out the Work

The Contractor shall stake-out the work as to lines and grade in accordance with
the Drawings and secure the approval of the Engineer's Representative before
constructing the work. The Engineer's Representative will, if he deems it necessary
revise the lines or grades and will require the Contractor to adjust and to stake-out
accordingly. The Contractor shall give the Engineer's Representative not less than
24 hours notice of his intention to set out or give levels for any parts of the Works,
in order that arrangements may be made for checking. The Contractor shall be
responsible for obtaining any setting-out data he may require from Dubai
Municipality Survey Section. The Contractor shall also be responsible for
obtaining Dubai Municipality Survey Sections approval on right-of-way. Any
costs incurred in this shall be borne by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall, as a requirement of the Contract and without extra charge,
provide all necessary instruments, appliances, surveyor personnel and labour, and
any other material or staging, which the Engineer's Representative may require for
checking the setting out or for any relevant work to be done. Any marks made by
the Engineer's Representative or Contractor shall be carefully preserved and, if
destroyed, shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense and to the
approval of the Engineer. Work shall be suspended for the time necessary for
checking the lines and levels on any part of the work, and shall proceed only after
approval of measurements.
In the case of any variation from the approved works, the Contractor shall give the
Engineer three copies of cross-sections and profiles of the graphical record or notes
and computations of his stake-out as required by the Engineer. At his option he
may submit cross-mark on one copy with his approval of the proposed lines of the
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
work or his revisions thereof and return it to the Contractor. The Contractor shall
resubmit for approval any cross-sections the Engineer may amend.
1.3.3
Notice of Operations
The Contractor shall, when required, supply in writing full information regarding
the localities in which the materials are being obtained and in which the work is
being prepared.
No permanent work shall be carried out without the consent in writing of the
Engineer's Representative. Full and complete notice, in writing, shall be given 24
hours in advance of the time of the operation in order to make such arrangements
as deemed necessary for inspection.
1.3.4
Traffic Safety and Control

1.
The Contractor shall provide, erect and maintain such traffic signs, lamps
barriers and traffic control signals as may be necessitated by the construction
of the Works in accordance with Dubai Municipality and Dubai Traffic
Police requirements. The Contractor shall submit proposals for dealing with
such situations to the Engineer Dubai Municipality and Dubai Traffic Police
for consent. Compliance with this Clause shall not relieve the Contractor of
any of his other obligations and liabilities under the Contract.
2.
The Contractor shall, after consultation with any statutory or other authority
concerned, submit to the Engineer for his approval a programme based on
such consultation showing the scheme of traffic management he proposes for
carrying out the Works before commencing any work which affects the use
of the public highway rights of way or parking areas and thereafter furnish
such further details and information as necessitated by the Works or as the
Engineer may require.
3.
The Contractor shall not commence any work which affects the public
highway until all traffic safety measures necessitated by the work are fully
operational.
4.
The traffic diversion and signs, lamps, barriers and traffic control signals
shall be in accordance with the requirements of Dubai Municipality (also
refer to Clause 11.5).
5.
Traffic signs shall comply with the requirements of Dubai Municipality. The
flashing rate for flashing lamps shall be within the range 120-150 flashes per
minute. The minimum luminous intensity of the lamps shall be 0.5 candela
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
for steady lamps, 1.0 candela for ripple lamps at their peak, and 1.5 candela
for flashing lamps at their peak.
6.
The Contractor shall keep clean and legible at all times all traffic signs,
lamps, barriers and traffic control signals and he shall position, re-position,
cover or remove them as necessitated by the progress of the Works.
7.
Where road diversions roads are approved these must be maintained at

frequencies to suit the traffic volume using them. A good running surface
must be maintained and must at all times be free from ruts and potholes.
8.
The Contractors attention is drawn to the fact that there are several bus stops
within the site boundary as shown on the key and detailed plans for both
sewerage and drainage which must be retained and kept operational unless
site works directly affect the bus stop.
9.
In the event of any work affecting the bus stop, the Contractor shall liaise
with DM/Public Transport (DM/PT) giving them at least two weeks notice of
the following operations with start and end dates:a. In the event of any necessary redesign of existing bus stops, provide
temporary alternative arrangements in consultation with DM/PT
b. In case of road diversion/closure provide temporary alternative
arrangements in consultation with DM/PT and provide all necessary
signing for both buses and pedestrians.
1.3.5
Access to Private Land
1.3.6
The Contractor shall give three weeks notice to the owner/occupier before entering
private lands and the Contractor shall not enter on to those lands until given
permission by the Engineer.
Roads and Site to be Kept Clean
The Contractor shall take great care and all reasonable precautions to ensure that
roads and thoroughfares used by him either for the construction of the Works or for
the transport of plant, labour and materials are kept clean during of such
construction or transport and in the event of their requiring cleaning in the opinion
of the Engineer the Contractor shall take all necessary and immediate steps to clean
them.
On completion of dewatering the Contractor shall immediately dismantle and
remove from the Site disused discharge pipes and dewatering points.
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
Each individual site of work must be clean during the work and must be thoroughly
cleaned up on completion.
1.3.7
Compensation for Damage to Property

The Contractor shall reinstate all properties whether public or private affected by
the Works, Temporary Works, constructional plant, labour materials or transport to
a condition at least equal to that existing before his first entry on to them.
If in the opinion of the Engineer the Contractor shall have failed to take reasonable
and prompt action to discharge his obligations in the matter of site clearance or
reinstatements the Engineer will inform the Contractor in writing of his opinion in
which circumstances the Employer reserves the right to carry out the reinstatement
himself or to arrange for it to be carried out by others or to make payments to the
owners and occupiers in respect of such matters for which the Contractor is
responsible. All such costs incurred and payments made will be deducted from any
monies due or which shall become due from the Employer to the Contractor.
1.3.8
Existing Services
Drains, pipes, cables and similar existing services encountered in the course of the
Works shall be guarded from injury or damage by the Contractor at his own cost so
that they may continue to function uninterruptedly to the satisfaction of the owners
thereof and the Contractor shall not store materials or otherwise occupy any part of
the site in any manner likely to hinder the operations of such owners.
1.
The Contractor shall protect and support, during the progress of the Works, all
pipe mains, cable wires and other apparatus which might be endangered by his
operations. The approximate positions and alignments of known services are
indicated on the Drawings, but no guarantee of exact location can be given,
and the Contractor must communicate with the authorities and/or proprietors
concerned to locate them exactly, and he shall then prepare shop drawings
1/500 scale for each Utility as directed by the Engineer. When approaching
each indicated position, the Contractor shall search, by safe methods which
will not endanger the service, to determine its precise position.
2. The Contractor shall make his own arrangement with the owners of the
services and with other persons interested, for any diversions, temporary
1/11
SECTION 1
GENERAL
stoppages and reinstatements, and he shall allow in his programme for all such
arrangements.
3.
If any underground service is encountered unexpectedly, excavation shall

cease, and the Engineer's Representative shall be notified immediately.
Emergency work, as necessary, should be put in hand without delay and
without prejudice to the indemnity of the Employer.
4. The Contractor shall give notice, in writing, to the Engineer and to the
appropriate service company of all damages to existing services caused by him
or by any Sub-Contractor in the course of the Works. He shall be held
responsible for any such damage and shall immediately have such damage
made good at his own expense and shall relieve the Employer of all claims in
respect of any loss or interruption involved.
1.3.9
5.
If in the opinion of the Engineer, it is necessary or expedient that any pipe,

drain, ditch, cable or overhead wire (including supports) should be broken out,
stopped up, diverted, taken down, or altered, the cost of doing so shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor. Such work shall be executed only on the
written instruction of the Engineer.
6.
All existing sewers, culverts, water courses and drains of every kind and
condition that have been altered, extended or otherwise interfered with either
directly or indirectly by the work, or that may by leakage, silting, stopping of
free flow or otherwise interfere with or delay the execution of the work, shall
be made good, cleaned, placed in working order, supported, maintained, and
protected and the Contractor shall provide everything necessary for efficiently
dealing with, protecting, pumping or removing, as the case may be, all water,
sewage, or spoil therefrom.
Continuous Working
If in the opinion of the Engineer it is necessary for the safety of the Works or for
any other reason, the Contractor shall, when so ordered, carry out the Works, or
any portion thereof continuously by day and night. The Contractor will be
reimbursed the agreed extra costs, provided the necessity for the order is not a
result of the Contractor's negligence.
1.3.10
Temporary Staging for Structures

Temporary staging shall be provided by the Contractor to enable the construction
operations to be performed in the required sequence. The staging shall be properly
designed and constructed for the loads which it will be required to support, and
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SECTION 1
GENERAL
complete details of the arrangements proposed shall be submitted to the Engineer

for approval.
Such approval, however, will not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for the
adequacy of the staging. The cost of such staging is to be included in the tendered
rates and prices entered in the Bills of Quantities.
1.3.11
Water Supply
The Contractor shall carry out an investigation prior to submitting his Tender as to
the availability of water for the purpose of the Works and shall consult and arrange
with the appropriate authorities and consider all legal aspects. The Contractor shall
be entirely responsible for the supply of sufficient water of the specified quality at
all times throughout the Contract, and the costs shall be deemed to be covered in
the Contract rates and prices.
1.3.12
Filling in Holes and Trenches

The Contractor, immediately on completion of any part of the work, shall, at his
own expense, fill up all holes and trenches which have been made or dug by him
and are not part of the Works. Holes, cavities, trenches or depressions shall be
backfilled with suitable materials and compacted to the grade required or as
directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall clear away all rubbish and materials
that is no longer required for the execution of the work, whether his own or any
other party to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
1.3.13
Protection of Works from Weather

The Contractor, at his own expense, shall protect all works and materials from
injury by weather. All damage caused by adverse weather conditions, whether by
flooding or intense heat or any other weather conditions, shall be rectified by the
Contractor at his own expense. Abnormal weather conditions shall not be
considered any reason for a claim by the Contractor for compensation for damage.
1.3.14
Keeping the Works Free from Water

The Contractor shall at his own expense keep the works at all times well drained
and excavations whether above or below the normal water level of the water table
free from storm or percolating water which may accumulate on the Site and which
may interfere with progress of construction or has or is likely to have deleterious
1/13
SECTION 1
GENERAL
effect on the work in progress or the use thereof, by provision of temporary open
drains and sub-soil drains, diversion of ditches and other surface water channel or
by pumping or other means as required.
1.3.15
Sign Boards
The Contractor shall provide and erect signboards as detailed in the BOQ, at the
Site and at the Offices of the Engineer and the Contractor. Normally signboards
will be required on all major road approaches to the Site.
The layout and lettering size and location of all signboards and their siting shall be
subject to the approval of Dubai Municipality.
The signboards shall give, in English and Arabic, the name of the Project and the
names, Post Office Box numbers and contact telephone numbers of the Employer,
the Engineer and the Contractor. The boards shall be of dimensions as shown on
the drawings and shall be of durable construction capable of withstanding the
effects of the climate for at least the period of the construction and the Defects
Liability Period. The boards shall be mounted on substantial frames.
The signboards shall be periodically cleaned, remain legible and be maintained in a
structurally safe condition throughout the period of construction and Defects
Liability Period. Upon issue of the Defects Liability Certificate they shall be
removed from the Site within two weeks.
1.3.16
Templates
When necessary the Contractor shall provide at his expense sufficient and approved
templates for the purpose of controlling the finished shape of certain work. The
templates will be in accordance with the Specifications and Drawings where such
are provided.
All templates must be approved and shall be maintained in good order to provide
the section required for the entire works. Templates may be checked from time to
time and any deficiencies noted shall be rectified immediately.
The Contractor shall also supply straight edges and lines when required to control
the work.
1.3.17
Assistance to the Engineer

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SECTION 1
GENERAL
1. The Contractor shall provide and maintain for the use of the Engineer such
surveying and engineering instruments as the Engineer may require for his
duties as detailed in (Clause 1.3.18). The Contractor shall provide the Engineer
with all necessary assistance in checking the setting out of the Works and
interpreting any information used by the Contractor for this purpose including
the sole use of a minimum of three (3) chainmen.
2. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with all assistance, equipment and
material required to document and record progress of the Works.
3. The Contractor shall provide all assistance, equipment and material required by
the Engineer for all the measurement of the Works for monthly valuation and
for the final certificate payment.
4. The Contractor shall be responsible for all follow up and co-ordination with all
the service departments. (Electricity, Water, Drainage, Street Lighting,
Telephone, Horticultural, etc.).
5. The Contractor shall provide all unskilled labour and necessary tools as
directed by the Engineer.
6. If at any time before the commencement or during the progress of the work it
appears to the Contractor that for the proper execution of a specified part of the
Works, shop drawings are necessary, these drawings shall be established by the
Contractor and submitted to the Engineers' Representative for approval. The
Engineer's Representative shall have authority to order at any time and the
Contractor shall agree to provide any number of shop drawings which, in the
opinion of the Engineer's Representative are necessary for the proper execution
of a specified work. The Contractor shall not proceed with the above
mentioned work until these shop drawings are approved by the Engineer's
Representative. The Contractor shall not be entitled to any extra compensation
or extension of time for the preparation of the above mentioned drawings.
These details shall be dimensioned in the metric system and shall describe
accurately the method of fabrication, applied finish and sizes of all members
and fixings and shall indicate methods of marking of components for site
erection.
7.
The Engineer shall furnish the Contractor AutoCad diskettes of the original
drawings to be corrected as the Works proceed. The Contractor shall correct
where required, prepare and supply the Engineer's Representative the updated
transparencies and diskettes for his approval. The diskette copies shall be in
1/15
SECTION 1
GENERAL
Microstation DGN format of a standard and detail acceptable to the Dubai

Municipality Drainage and Irrigation Department.
Such record Drawings produced by the Contractor shall include but not be
limited to the following information:
- Offsets from permanent references such as road edge, road centreline,
kerbline, building line, etc., at suitable intervals as directed by the Engineer,
for all services encountered during the Works and during trial trenches
including description of offsets..
- Level profiles for all sewerage, drainage, rising mains.
- House connection layout and details to be completed as separate drawings
and included on main sewer layout drawings.
8. The Contractor shall not be entitled to any extra payment or extension of time
for the preparation of the above mentioned record drawings.
The Contractor shall at the commencement of works, provide the Engineer's
Representative for his full and exclusive use sufficient number of water, soil,
concrete, asphalt, and room thermometers as required by the Engineer.
1/16
SECTION 1
GENERAL
1.3.18
Surveying Equipment
The equipment required on Site under this Contract shall be to the Engineer's
approval and is as follows:
Item
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
Table 1-1. Schedule of Equipment

Description
Rolling Straight Edge
Electronic total station (TC 1600 or
equivalent with data recording facilities)
Target reflectors with 2 km range
Automatic level, tripod and staff
(NAK 2 or equivalent)
2 metre ranging poles
30 metre steel tape
30 metre fibre tape
Manhole lifting keys for: heavy duty covers
medium duty covers
light duty covers
Weatherproof, rubber-cased torches
Survey arrows, wooden pegs, nails, etc.
Safety helmets
Marking chalk, paint
Copy of all standards referred to in the
Specification
Polaroid Camera
5 metre steel tape
Hammer 1 kg
Hammer 3 kg
Level books, field books, surveying
umbrellas
Silica gel bags
Universal straight edge 3 metre with edge
gauge
3 metre steel pocket tape graduated in mm
Aluminium spirit level 1 metre long with
four plumbs and two level tubes
Scientific electronic calculators Solar power
1/17
No. Required
As required
1
3
1
10
2
2
6
6
6
6
As required
As required
As required
1
1
4
2
2
As required
As required
1
2
1
As required
SECTION 1
GENERAL
1.3.18.1
Expendable Materials
The Contractor shall provide adequate supplies of expendable materials such as
stationary, pencils, inks, drawing paper, pens, pegs, brushes, paint and other similar
items required for the satisfactory completion of survey and as required by the
Engineer's Representative.
1.3.19
Laboratory (see Appendix, Part 3 of 3)
1.3.19.1
General
Testing of all materials and completed works shall be carried out in accordance
with DM Administrative Decision No. 160/2000.
1.3.20
Minimum Test Requirements

The following is the schedule of minimum requirements governing tests of
materials which shall be carried out during the execution of the Works. Should the
Engineer's Representative deem it necessary to increase or reduce the number of
the following mentioned tests, he shall issue his written instructions to the
Contractor as and when required, following due consultation with the Employer.
1/18
SECTION 1
GENERAL
Table 1-2. Minimum Test Requirements of Materials

Materials
Water
concrete
Portland
Cement
Frequency
for One test for each source and as directed by
the Engineer thereafter.
One bag of cement for quality testing shall
be taken from each 1700 bags or fraction
thereof for each source or manufacturer.
The Engineer may in lieu of this accept a
testing certificate.
Coarse
One sample for quality for Concrete testing
Aggregate
shall be taken from each designated source.
After approval one sample shall be taken
for quality testing from each 1000 m3
when the material is in use. On each
sample 2 sets of the required tests should
be carried out except sieve analysis which
shall be 3 in number.
Fine
As for Coarse Aggregate for concrete
Aggregate
above
Bituminous
One sample of each type of material shall
Materials
be taken for each source or delivery from
the manufacturers. Subsequent testing shall
be as directed by the Engineer but not less
than one sample for each 500 drums
(55gal) or equivalent.
Aggregates for One sample for quality testing shall be
Bituminous
taken from each designated source. After
Mixtures
approval one sample shall be taken for
quality testing from each 1000 m3 when
the material is in use.
Mineral Filler One sample for quality testing from each
for Bituminous 50 tonnes or fraction thereof.
Mixtures
1/19
Relevant Standard
BS 3148
BS 12 - O.P.C
BS 4027 - S.R.C
BS 4550
BS 812
BS 812
BS 3195
ASTM 04.03
BS 812
BS 812
SECTION 1
GENERAL
Table 1-2. Minimum Test Requirements of Materials

Materials
Frequency
Bituminous
i. One sample of each days production or
Mixtures
each 200 tonnes laid or part thereof
whichever is greater, shall be taken for
quality testing.
The sample should be taken from the
paving machine after approximately half
of any one load has been laid or from the
plant.
ii. One core sample for specific gravity
testing shall be taken for each 300 lin. m
of traffic lane or 2000 m2 or parts thereof
for each completed layer of pavement.
Subgrade
A quality testing procedure (laboratory) for
and/or
each subgrade material or embankment
Embankment
material shall be carried out for each 1500
m3 of material as follows:i. Granular Gradation.
ii. Atterberg Limits Liquid and Plastic
Limits, Linear Shrinkage
iii. Compaction Test Modified Proctor with
compaction curve to optimum moisture
content and max. dry density.
iv. C.B.R. at 95% of Modified Proctor
density.
After laying and compaction a quality testing
procedure on each 1000m2 or part thereof
should be carried out as follows:v. Field density
vi. Moisture content if directed by the
Engineer the following tests may also be
carried out on the material as laid on site.
vii. Field C.B.R. with a speedy estimate for
moisture content and dry unit weight.
1/20
(Contd)
Relevant Standard
BS 598
ASTM D 979
ASTM D 979
T230/T166
ASTM D 979
ASTM D 979
BS 1377
BS 1377
BS 1377
ASTM D 979
ASTM D 2216
ASTM D 4429
SECTION 1
GENERAL
Table 1-2. Minimum Test Requirements of Materials (Contd)

Materials
Frequency
Sub-bases and A quality testing procedure (laboratory) for
Aggregate
each sub-base bases. or granular road base
Road
material shall be carried out for each source
but not exceeding 1000 m3 of material as
follows:
i. For every completed layer one field
density shall be determined on each 500
m2
ii. Liquid Limit.
iii. Plastic Limit.
iv. Linear Shrinkage.
v. Sand Equivalent.
vi. Compaction Test by Dry density moisture
content relationship test method with
compaction curve.
vii. CBR at 100% of the Dry density moisture
content relationship test.
Reinforcing
Steel
Relevant Standard
BS 1377 Part 2
BS 1377 Part 2
BS 1377 Part 2
BS 1377
BS 1377 Part 2
BS 1377
ASTM D1883
BS 1377
viii. After laying and compaction 3 Nos. field BS 1377 Part 2

tests shall be followed for every 1000 m2 of
each layer of sub-grade and sub-base layers
and 2 Nos for every 1000 m2 for all other
layers
Reinforcement steel shall be supplied to site
with a manufacturer's test certificate for each
load. Where directed testing on any sample of
reinforcement for the following types may be
required:i. Steel fabric reinforcement.
BS 4483
ii. Mild steel and high yield (hot rolled) BS 4449
bars.
iii. Cold worked steel bars.
BS 4482
Chemical Analysis of Steel for carbon ASTM
content as directed by the Engineer
standard.
1/21
relevant
SECTION 1
GENERAL
Table 1-2. Minimum Test Requirements of Materials (Contd)

Materials
Concrete
Precast Concrete
1.3.21
Frequency
One set of at least 6 cubes (or 4
cylinders) shall be obtained
from each 75 m3 or fraction
thereof placed in each day or
class of concrete.
Slump tests and compaction
factor tests shall be carried-out
at the site of the actual placing
of concrete as directed by the
Engineer.
Preparation
of
concrete
specimens
&
curing
of
specimens
Minimum cement content of
hardened concrete as directed
by the Engineer.
Flexural/transverse strength and
water absorption for each
supplier of precast kerbs and
slabs (2 no. samples). Subsequently, on approval of a
source or supplier 2 samples
will be tested every 2000 lin. m
for kerbs and every 2000 m2 for
slab tiles.
Relevant Standard
BS 1881
BS 1881
ASTM C192
ASTM C1084
AASHTO T97
ASTM C78
BS 7263
Sources of Materials
The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining the Approval of the local
Authorities for the sources of materials and he shall have no right to claim for any
compensation if he is to pay for the material at its source.
1.3.22
Programming the Progress of the Works

A detailed computer-based programme using critical path methods shall be
produced by the Contractor as set out in the Conditions of Contract. This shall
include full details of resources and rates of progress. The Engineer may require
the Contractor to modify the programme on occasions during the course of the
Contract. The Contractor shall work to the latest approved programme at all times.
1/22
SECTION 1
GENERAL
In planning his programme the Contractor shall allow reasonable time for the
Engineer to confirm setting out details as the Works proceed in accordance with the
programme.
The Contractor shall indicate on his programme whether the work is to be carried
out during normal site hours or whether overtime or a shift system is necessary to
execute the Works.
The Contractor shall present a weekly summary to the Engineer detailing personnel
, plant materials and equipment orders and shipping movements of same.
Before the close of Site on each working day the Contractor shall submit a brief
programme for the following working day stating in which area of the site work
will be carried out and the location of plant and labour. The format of the
programme shall be agreed with the Engineer. The Contractor shall also submit for
the Engineers approval a daily record of manpower and plant resources.
1.3.23
Progress Reports
The Contractor shall be required to submit to the Engineer weekly and monthly
progress reports on the first day of the week following and the first day of the
month following respectively.
Weekly Report
The report shall include: the meteorological data; Contractor's plant and labour
returns; a brief summary of work completed.
Monthly Report
The report shall include: a description of the month's work; details of any problems
relating to the Works; quantities; records of test results; charts illustrating progress
in terms of work done against programmed work and the financial status of the
Contract including value of works completed, certified and monies received;
progress photographs.
1.3.24
Progress Photographs
The Contractor shall arrange to take monthly record photographs of the Works in
progress. These photographs shall cover such extent of the Works as the Engineer
shall direct. The days upon which the photographs are to be taken shall be decided
by the Engineer.
1/23
SECTION 1
GENERAL
The Contractor shall provide the Engineer on the last day of each month one set of
progress photographs, with dates imprinted on it, which shall comprise the
following:
-
One colour negative of each photograph for an anticipated maximum of fifty

exposures per month.
Ten colour prints (294 x 210 mm) of each of a maximum of twenty of the
negatives as selected by the Engineer.
The prints are to be processed by an approved professional and shall be in colour

on heavy weight paper with matt finish. The photographs shall have computer
produced descriptions incorporated thereon. Each photograph shall be provided
with an approved clear plastic cover for binding.
The copyright of all photographs shall be vested in the Employer and the negatives
and prints shall be delivered to the Engineer within 4 days of exposure.
1.3.25
Flows in Pipelines and at Pumping Stations

During the execution of the Works the Contractor shall maintain flows in pipelines
and at pumping stations or alternatively provide adequate means of diverting the
flows or overpumping of the flows to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The Contractor should note that the Employer may decide to carry out
overpumping utilising his own plant and resources and the Contractor shall make
due allowance for the necessary coordination with the Employer with respect to the
Contract programme. Such arrangements will not relieve the Contractor of his
obligations for the maintenance of flows and the safety of the Works, personnel and
the general public.
No claim for delay or additional work arising from this requirement will be
considered by the Employer.
1.3.26
Suppression of Noise
The Contractor shall make every reasonable endeavour both by means of
temporary works and by the use of appropriate plant or silencing devices to ensure
that the level of noise resulting from the execution of the Works does not constitute
a nuisance.
1.3.27
Closing of Roads
1/24
SECTION 1
GENERAL
The Contractor shall give four weeks notice in writing to the Engineer of his
intention to commence work on any public road (which shall include un-made
rights-of-way).
The closure of public roads will not be permitted without the written permission of
the Dubai Municipality Roads Department, the Dubai Traffic Police and the
Engineer. The Contractor shall submit five (5) copies of his proposals for diverting
traffic indicating positions of all signs, cones, lights and anything else which may
be necessary. The Contractor shall comply with any Specification for traffic
diversion, including surfacing requirements, safety and control laid down by the
Authorities in Dubai and shall be responsible for continuous maintenance.
A period of up to 30 days may be required by the Dubai Municipality to process
permits authorising the cutting of existing carriageways.
In the event of such permission being refused the Contractor shall have no claim
for any additional payment.
No work will be permitted on a public road verge, central reservation or garden
without the SIGNED approval of the respective Authorities copies of which must
be submitted to the Engineer before work commences.
The Contractors work shall be so arranged that use of the roads affected by the
work shall be restored to the public with the minimum of delay. Laying of the
pipelines, backfilling, testing of the pipeline, temporary reinstatement and
clearance of the Site shall follow closely behind excavation and the Engineer may
limit the length of excavation when necessary.
1.3.28
NOC from Relevant Authorities

Not withstanding the requirements of clause 48 of "Conditions of Contract for
Works of Civil Engineering Construction, (Part 1 - General Conditions)" it shall be
the Contractor's responsibility to obtain all required No Objection Certificates
(NOC) from the relevant Authorities and submit them to the Engineer prior to the
Engineer issuing a Taking Over Certificate.
1.3.29
Registration and license of suppliers

1/25
SECTION 1
GENERAL
All materials and equipment specified in the Contract documents which are to be
incorporated in the works must be obtained from or through a Dubai Emirate
supplier and or manufacturer who must be registered and licensed by the Dubai
Municipality. If such specified material or equipment is not available from the
Dubai Emirate market then any other source is acceptable.
1/26
SECTION 2 - SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/1
SITE CLEARANCE DESCRIPTION
2/1.1
This work shall consist of the removal, wholly or in part, and satisfactory disposal of all
buildings, fences, structures, abandoned pipelines, and any other obstruction which are
not designated or permitted to remain. It shall also include the salvaging of designated
materials and backfilling the resulting trenches, holes and pits.
2/2
SURVEY BEFORE COMMENCEMENT
2/2.1
Prior to starting the site clearance, the Contractor shall carry out a thorough survey of
buildings, structures, fences, trees, etc.. that are to be removed. The Engineer shall be
fully informed of the results of this survey and the amount and extent of the demolition
and site clearance shall then be agreed with the Engineer.
2/3
DEMOLITION REQUIREMENTS
2/3.1
The Contractor shall in a careful manner, raze, remove and dispose of all buildings and
foundation structures, fences and other obstructions or any portions of which are within
the right-of-way, except utilities and those for which other provisions have been
made for removal. All designated salvageable material shall be removed, without
unnecessary damage, in sections or pieces which may be readily transported, and shall be
stored by the Contractor at specified places within the project limits or at designated
storage areas as directed by the Engineer. All such salvageable material shall be deemed
the property of the Employer.
2/3.2
Foundations of building structures shall generally be removed to a depth of 1 m below

ground level or more if considered necessary by the Engineer.
2/3.3
Where shown on the drawings or where directed by the Engineer, underground

structures, culverts, chambers and foundations other than building foundations shall be
removed to such a level as may be indicated on the drawings or directed by the Engineer.
2/3.4
Where directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall excavate in trench and break out
redundant pipe ducts and surrounds. Where pipes are to be removed and either salvaged
or relaid they shall be carefully removed and every precaution taken to avoid breaking or
damaging the pipe. The pipes shall be stored when necessary so that there will be no loss
or damage before relaying. The Contractor will be required to replace sections lost from
storage or damage by negligence or by the use of improper methods in their removal.
2/3.5
Trenches and pits resulting from demolition and site clearance below ground level shall
be properly cleaned out (including pumping) and filled with suitable material and
compacted in accordance with the relevant Specifications up to sub-grade level or as
otherwise directed by the Engineer.
2/3.6
Where required, the Contractor shall be responsible, prior to demolition, for the
disconnection of all services and clearance from the Dubai Municipality and all Service
Authorities.
2/4
GENERAL SITE CLEARANCE
2/4.1
Before commencing any excavation or fill, the area shall be cleared of all trees, stumps,
roots, bushes, vegetation, debris, materials or other obstructions.
2/1
2/4.2
Before removal of any trees or shrubs the Contractor shall obtain written consent from
Dubai Municipality Horticultural Section at least two weeks in advance of the planned
removal.
2/4.3
The Engineer's approval of any removal of trees and undergrowth must be obtained
before commencement of work. Where directed all bushes, undergrowth, etc. shall be
grubbed up and burnt or otherwise disposed of in tips off site (Sub section 2/8). Holes left
by stumps or roots shall, within one week, be filled with suitable material, compacted to
the Engineer's satisfaction in accordance with Specification Clause 2/17.
2/5
PRESERVATION OF PROPERTY NOT TO BE AFFECTED BY THE WORKS
2/5.1
Attention is directed to the Contractor's obligations under law and under this Contract
with regard to damage, particularly with regard to protection of property, plants and
landscape and to responsibility for damage claims.
2/5.2
Existing highways, improvements, facilities, adjacent property, services, and trees and
plants designated for preservation shall be protected from injury or damage which could
result from the Contractor's operations.
2/5.3
The form of protection for vegetation within the site shall be of a type and standard
approved by the Dubai Municipality Horticultural Section.
2/6
ROAD SIGNS
2/6.1
All existing road signs, street name plates and the like affected by the works are to be
carefully taken down and stored. Signs to be re-erected shall be cleaned, provided with
new fixings where necessary and the posts re-painted in accordance with the
Specifications. Redundant signs shall be transported to the stores or depots of relevant
Authorities. Any sign, street name plate or the like damaged by the Contractor during his
operation shall be repaired or replaced at the Contractor's cost.
2/7
DISPOSAL OF HISTORICAL ARTIFACTS
2/7.1
Where specified, certain materials arising from the site clearance and excavation are to
remain the property of the Employer. All fossils, antiquities and other objects of interest
or value which may be found or uncovered on the site shall remain or become the
property of the Employer and upon discovery of such an object the Contractor shall
forthwith:
a. Use his best endeavours not to disturb or damage the object;
b. Cease work which would endanger the object or prevent or impede its removal;
c. Inform the Engineer of the discovery and precise location of the object;
2/7.2
The Engineer will issue instructions on the procedure to be adopted which may include
conditions to permit the examination, excavation or removal of the object by a third
party.
2/8
DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS MATERIAL
2/8.1
Subject to the provision of Clause 27.1 of the Conditions of Contract Part I and of the
Specification, all materials arising from site clearance which are surplus to or unsuitable
for use in the Works shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be disposed of
by him either off the Site to an approved tip or if directed or otherwise agreed by the
Engineer on the Site in an approved manner.
2/2
2/8.2
Following consultation with Dubai Municipality Public Health Department and in

conformance to the Clause 2/13.3 of the Specification the Contractor shall propose two
sites for disposal of unsuitable or surplus material, one of which shall be specified as
having priority and which must be filled before the second is used, together with a
separate location where hard debris, such as concrete, building rubble, kerbing, road
pavement, etc.. shall be disposed of. The Contractor shall seek approval for all the
proposed sites from the Dubai Municipality before work commences and disposal at such
sites shall be at no extra cost to the Employer.
2/9
EXCAVATION FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION
2/9.1
This work shall consist of excavating the roadway and borrow pits, removing and
satisfactorily disposing of all materials taken from within the limits of the Work. It shall
include all dewatering, excavation, shaping and sloping as necessary for the construction,
preparation and completion of all embankments, cuttings, sub-grade, shoulders, slopes,
gutters, intersections, approaches and private entrances, as directed, and in conformity to
the alignment, grades, and cross- sections shown on the plans or established by the
Engineer.
2/10
CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION
2/10.1
Excavated material shall be classified as:

- Roadway Excavation.
- Borrow Excavation.
2/10.2
Roadway excavation includes all material of whatsoever nature, suitable or unsuitable,

excavated within the limits of the Right of Way for the preparation of the road bed. All
such material after deduction for material declared unsuitable by the Engineer, shall be
considered to be available for use at locations requiring fill. Roadway excavation shall be
sub-classified as Common Excavation and Rock Excavation.
2/10.3
Authority to identify and define the physical characteristics which determine the
classification as "Common Excavation" and "Rock Excavation" in accordance with the
intent of the following provisions shall be vested in the Engineer.
2/10.4
Common Excavation - shall consist of the excavation and satisfactory disposal (subject
to Clause 2/15.3) of all soils, certain strata and rock boulders less than one (1) cubic
metre in volume. Strata which are altered and weathered and are in place, but which are
not firm enough, or in the opinion of the Engineer are not rigid enough to have all the
characteristics of rock excavation shall be classified as common excavation.
2/10.5
Rock Excavation - shall consist of the excavation and satisfactory disposal (subject to
Clause 2.15/3) of all unaltered and unweathered firm and rigid igneous, metamorphic and
sedimentary solid rock that in the opinion of the Engineer can only be excavated by the
use of pneumatic hammers (if excavated by hand) or by bull dozers of over 250 Horse
Power equipped with ripper (if excavated mechanically).
2/10.6
Borrow Excavation
If the demand for fill material exceeds the quantity of suitable material obtained from the
necessary roadway excavation then suitable material shall be imported to the work site
from an approved borrow pit. The excavation, haulage and discharge of material in its
final place from a borrow pit shall be classified as Borrow Excavation.
2/3
2/11
EXCAVATION REQUIREMENTS
2/11.1
All materials removed from an excavation shall be used in the formation of the
embankment, shoulders and at such other places as directed, unless it is declared
unsuitable and ordered to be sent to tip by the Engineer. No excavated material shall be
wasted without written permission from the Engineer, and when such material is to be
wasted, it shall hauled to the approved tip (Clause 2/8) or as otherwise directed by the
Engineer.
Material suitable for top soil, base material, mineral aggregate or other specified purpose,
encountered in excavation, shall be reserved, if so directed, until it can be placed in its
proper position in the roadway. When specified or designated, top soil shall be used as
cover on embankment slopes to aid the regrowth of vegetation or other purposes.
2/11.2
Excavated materials wasted by the Contractor without written permission of the Engineer
shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense.
2/11.3
During the construction of the roadway, the prepared formation shall be maintained in
such condition that it will be well drained at all times.
2/11.4
Rock, shale and other unsuitable material encountered in cuts shall be excavated to the
lateral limits and depth indicated on the plans or as otherwise directed. Any overbreakage
below the depth shown on the plans or as otherwise directed will not be paid for. Backfill
of the overbreakage shall be approved suitable material and shall have the same density
requirements as specified by the Contract and shall be at the expense of the Contractor. If
the backfill of the overbreakage area designated by the Engineer is to be a crushed
aggregate concrete or other special aggregate the entire cost of the backfill of the
overbreakage shall be at the expense of the Contractor. Undrained pockets shall not be
left in the surface of the rock, but they shall be treated as directed by the Engineer.
2/11.5
All slopes, except in solid rock or other material which, in the judgment of the Engineer,
require a modified slope, shall be trimmed accurately to the slopes shown on the crosssection drawings, and care must be exercised that no material shall be loosened beyond
the required slopes. Side ditches if required shall be excavated in conformity to line,
grade, and cross-section as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
2/11.6
In cut areas, excavation shall be for the full construction width down to 'earthworks
formation level'. For a further depth of 15 cm the existing material shall be scarified,
watered as necessary, mixed and compacted to not less than 95% maximum dry density
as determined by BS 1377 Part 4 (Method 3.5 or 3.6) latest edition. Field density shall be
determined by BS 1377 Part 9 (Method 2.1 or 2.2) latest edition.
2/11.7
The 'improved subgrade layer', using specified imported material, shall then be placed
and compacted to 95% maximum dry density as determined by BS 1377 Part 4 (Method
3.5 or 3.6) latest edition to bring the embankment level up to 'top of improved subgrade
level'. Field density shall be determined by BS 1377 Part 9 (Method 2.1 or 2.2) latest
edition.
2/11.8
For cuttings 1.5 metres or more in depth the technical requirements, of the Specification
for "Excavation for Structures" (Sub-Section 2/23) shall be complied with.
2/11.9
Where excavation to the finished graded section, that is 'earthworks formation

level',results in a formation or slopes of unsuitable soil, the Engineer may require the
Contractor to remove the unsuitable material to a depth directed and backfill to the
finished graded section with approved material compacted in accordance with specified
requirements for embankment construction. The Contractor shall conduct his operations
2/4
2/11.1
in such a way that the necessary cross-sectional measurements can be taken and agreed
with the Engineer before the backfill is placed.
When the Contractor is required or directed to excavate unsuitable material in fill areas,
following general clearance of the area (see Specification Sub-Section 2/16
"Embankment Foundation"), the depth to which these unsuitable materials are to be
removed will be determined by the Engineer. The Contractor shall so schedule the work
so that authorised cross-sections can be taken before and after the material has been
removed.
2/11.11
All slopes, lines and grades shall be true, correct, and accurate and according to those on
the drawings or otherwise directed and approved by the Engineer. The 'earthworks
formation level' in cuts shall be accurate to the authorised profile grade to plus or minus
two (2) centimetres and, for 'top of improved subgrade' level, plus or minus one (1)
centimetre. Where discrepancies are found in the Work the Contractor shall make
necessary corrections.
2/11.12
The Engineer will check all or any part of the Work, as he deems necessary, to determine
conformance to the lines, grades, elevations and cross-sections.
2/12
BORROW PIT SITE
2/12.1
The Contractor shall obtain approval from the Employer for the location of the borrow pit
site. The Contractor shall be responsible to determine the quantities and quality of the
available material in the approved borrow site to meet the requirements of the Contract.
When required the borrow area shall be cleared and grubbed in accordance with the
requirements of Section 2/1.
2/12.2
The Employer may at any time revoke approval of a borrow site where the Contractor is
obtaining borrow material for the Works. Upon receiving such notice from the Employer,
the Contractor shall immediately cease removing material from said borrow site. In the
event the Employer revokes approval of the borrow site, the Contractor shall locate a new
borrow pit site as specified above.
2/12.3
The Contractor shall not claim any additional payment for any costs by reason of the
necessity of changing borrow site locations due either to the shortage of the supply of
borrow material available from the borrow pit site approved by the Employer, or due to
the Employer's decision to revoke approval of the borrow site where the Contractor is
obtaining borrow material for the Works.
2/12.4
The Contractor shall leave borrow pits in a condition acceptable to the Employer and to
the Engineer.
2/12.5
The Contractor will be solely responsible for ascertaining the location of such approved
borrow areas during the tender preparation stage. Locations, distances to the work site
and haulage from such approved borrow areas shall be taken into consideration when
preparing the unit tender price for Borrow Excavation.
2/13
DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL USE OF EARTHWORKS

MATERIALS
The following definitions of earthwork materials shall apply:-
2/13.1
Top Soil shall be fertile, friable soil obtained from well drained arable land and shall be
free draining, non toxic and capable of sustaining healthy plant growth.
2/5
2/13.2
Suitable Material shall comprise all material that is acceptable in accordance with the
Contract and in conformity with Clause 2/13.4 of this Specification for use in the Works.
Suitable material for earthworks shall be approved soil with a plasticity index not
exceeding 6 obtained from excavations within the Works or from borrow pits approved
by the Engineer. It shall not contain an excess of fines (not more than 20% passing Sieve
Number 200 as per BS 1377:Part 2:Test 9.2:1990) or in excess of 2% organic material
(BS 1377 Part 3). Suitable material for earthworks shall have a soaked CBR value at 95%
maximum dry density of not less than 15% when tested according to BS 1377 Part 4
latest edition (method 7). The maximum particle size shall not exceed 63 mm.
2/13.3
Unsuitable Material shall comprise:

- Rock particles exceeding 63 mm in size.
- Organic material (BS1377 Part 3 (method 3)) latest edition containing greater than
2% (stumps and other perishable material).
- Material susceptible to spontaneous combustion.
- Soils of liquid limit (BS 1377 Part 2 (method 4.5)) latest edition exceeding 40%
and/or plasticity index exceeding 6 (BS 1377 Part 2 (method 5)).
- Material containing more than 5% of water soluble salts by weight of dry soil as per
BS 1377 Part 3 (Method 8) latest edition methods 7 & 5 for water soluble chloride
and sulphate respectively.
- Any other material which the Engineer may deem to be unsuitable for earthworks.
2/13.4
Material for Improved Subgrade layer shall meet the following requirements:- Moisture content determination in accordance with BS 1377:Part 2:Test 3.2 latest
edition.
- Not more than 20% by weight passing 75 micron to BS 1377:Part 2 latest edition
Clause 9.2
- CBR value at 95% maximum dry density (soaked) BS 1377 Part 4 latest edition
(Method 3.5 or 3.6) not less than 30% when tested according to BS 1377 (Part 4
method 7) latest edition.
A chemical analysis of the proposed material shall be carried out to satisfy the following
requirements:- The material shall be shown to have an acid soluble sulphate content of 2% or less
and a chloride content in the form of acid soluble chloride of 2% or less by dry
weight. The applicable Test methods should be in accordance with BS1377 Part 3
(method 5) latest edition and BS 1377 Part 3 (Method 7) latest edition respectively.
When approved by the Engineer a sulphate content greater than that specified may be
acceptable when the carbonate content is in the region of 30 - 40%(BS 1377 Part 3
(method 6)) latest edition. Higher chloride contents may be tolerated provided that the
ratio of (carbonate + sulphate) to chloride contents is maintained at approximately 15:1.
The moisture content of the compacted material shall not vary by more than + 3% of the
optimum moisture content. The material shall possess satisfactory binding characteristics
to enable it to be compacted to give a smooth well knit surface as judged by the Engineer.
2/13.5
No excavated suitable material shall be removed from the Site without the Engineer's
written permission. Should the Contractor be permitted to remove suitable material from
the site to suit his operational requirements, then he shall make good any consequent
deficit filling arising therefrom at his own expense.
2/6
2/14
MAIN PLANT FOR EARTHWORKS CONSTRUCTION
2/14.1
The Contractor shall employ only that plant which is suited to the soils to be handled. He
shall not at any time use plant which damages or reduces the natural strength of the soil
either in its in-situ state or during handling and placing or in its final compacted state.
Unsuitable or faulty plant shall be removed from the work site and borrow pits at the
order of the Engineer.
2/14.2
The plant and equipment used for earthworks construction shall be maintained in good
working condition for the duration of the works. The Contractor shall apply adequate
quantities of plant and equipment necessary for the proper execution of the works in an
expeditious manner.
2/14.3
Main plant and equipment shall meet the requirements outlined in Clause 1/29 of these
Specifications.
2/15
EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION
2/15.1
This work shall consist of constructing roadway embankment with suitable material,
including the preparation of the areas upon which they are to be placed and the placing
and compacting of approved material within roadway areas where unsuitable material has
been removed. All operations will be performed in accordance with the Specifications
and in conformity with the lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-sections shown on
the drawings or as established by the Engineer.
2/15.2
Compaction equipment shall conform to the number and type outlined in the Contractor's
detailed programme of work as approved by the Engineer and satisfactory performance
shall be the basis for such approval.
2/15.3
All materials derived from excavation shall be used in the embankment unless otherwise
declared unsuitable by the Engineer.
2/15.4
Prior to the commencement of embankment the Contractor shall construct trial

compaction lengths as directed by the Engineer. The soils used in the trials shall be those
encountered along the line of the road as approved by the Engineer and/or those
originating from the approved borrow pit. The object of the trials is to determine the
Field Compactibility of the material with the plant and compaction equipment available
with the Contractor. The Engineer may order additional compaction trials when he deems
them necessary.
2/15.5
During the construction of embankments the Contractor shall control and direct
construction traffic uniformly over the full width of the embankment. Damage to
compacted layers by construction traffic shall be made good by the Contractor at his own
expense.
2/15.6
The Contractor shall be responsible for the stability of all embankments and shall replace
all sections which, in the opinion of the Engineer, have been damaged or displaced due to
carelessness or neglect on the part of the Contractor, or due to natural causes, such as
storms, and not attributable to the unavoidable movement of the natural ground upon
which the embankment is made. During construction, the roadway shall be kept shaped
and drained at all times. When unsuitable material has been placed in the embankment,
its removal shall be at the expense of the Contractor.
2/7
2/16
EMBANKMENT FOUNDATION
2/16.1
All debris, unsuitable material and vegetable matter shall be removed from the surface
upon which the embankment is to be placed and the cleared surface shall be completely
broken up by ploughing, scarifying or stepping to a minimum depth of twenty (20)
centimetres.
2/16.2
The foundation material shall be adjusted to a moisture content within the moisture range
of + 3% of the optimum moisture content and compacted to not less than ninety-five (95)
percent of the Maximum Dry Density as determined by BS 1377 Part 4 (method 3.5 or
3.6) latest edition where the embankment is less than one and a half (1.5 m) metres below
subgrade; and compacted to not less than ninety (90) percent where the embankment is
more than one and a half (1.5 m) metres below the subgrade.
2/16.3
If the original surface upon which the embankment is to be placed is an old roadbed, the
surface shall be ploughed scarified or broken up, regardless of the height of the
embankment to be placed and compacted to a density as determined by the Engineer.
2/16.4
Where an embankment is to be placed on appreciably sloping ground, this surface shall

be benched in steps or trenched in accordance with the Engineer's instructions, including
if necessary any under-draining of the affected part of the site.
2/16.5
In circumstances where backfill has to be deposited below standing water. In such cases
the Contractor shall use only an approved granular material of maximum size not greater
than 37.5 mm and which on analysis by sieving complies with the requirements of Table
1 below. Such material shall have a "ten percent fines" value of not less than 5 tonnes
when tested in accordance with BS 812 Part 111 latest edition and may be deposited
below water without the associated use of compaction plant.
TABLE 1 - FREE DRAINING MATERIAL
B.S.SIEVE SIZE
% BY WEIGHT PASSING
10 mm
5 mm
0.600 mm
0.075 mm
Up to 100
Not more than 85
Not more than 45
Not more than 5
2/17
PLACING AND COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS
2/17.1
Only approved materials shall be used in the construction of embankments.
2/17.2
In the formation of the embankment it is strictly forbidden to push the excavated

materials from the side of the road to the embankment by means of bull dozers.
2/17.3
The fill material shall be delivered and spread in layers not exceeding 25 cm compacted
thickness. The layers of fill shall be graded, levelled, pulverised and mixed, with water
added as necessary, to ensure homogeneous conditions through the full depth of the
uncompacted layer. For field density testing refer to specification sub-section 2/19.
2/17.4
The compacted density of the fill shall be equal to or greater than 95 (ninety-five) percent
of the Maximum Dry Density as determined by BS 1377 Part 4 (method 3.5 or 3.6) latest
edition.
2/8
2/17.5
The material to be imported for the "improved subgrade layer" to be constructed above
"earthworks formation level" up to "top of improved subgrade" level as shown on the
drawings shall conform to the Specification Sub-Section 2/13 Para 4.
2/17.6
All slopes, lines and grades shall be true, correct, and accurate and according to those
shown on the Drawings or otherwise directed and approved by the Engineer. The
"earthworks formation level" in embankments shall be accurate to the authorised profile
grade to plus one (1) cm or minus two (2) centimeters and, the 'top of improved subgrade'
level, plus or minus one (1) centimetre for 3 locations maximum each 100 m interval.
Selected material shall be placed wherever required. Where discrepancies are found in
the work the Contractor shall make necessary corrections in a manner approved by the
Engineer.
2/18
MOISTURE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
2/18.1
When the moisture content of the embankment soil does not fall within + 3% of the
optimum moisture content, water shall be added and thoroughly mixed into the soil, by
approved methods or the material shall be aerated, whichever is needed to adjust the soil
to the proper moisture content.
2/18.2
The amount of water to be added shall be only that amount that will, as determined by the
Engineer by field tests, provide a moisture content in the soil within the required range
plus a reasonable amount to compensate for evaporation and other unavoidable losses.
Water added in excess of this amount shall be considered as excess water and must be
removed by aeration or other suitable means as directed by the Engineer. Satisfactory
methods and sufficient equipment shall be used for the furnishing and handling of the
water so that there will be no undue loss due to evaporation or waste. If water is added to
cut areas or borrow pits, the surface of the areas or pits shall be maintained in such a
manner that will prevent undue loss of moisture and segregation.
2/18.3
Use of saline water for earthworks will only be permitted if the percentage of water
soluble salts in the compacted fill does not exceed 3% by weight of dry soil.
2/18.4
For subgrade material moisture range refer to sub-clause 2/13.4.
2/19
TESTING METHODS
2/19.1
A moisture-density test in accordance with BS 1377 Part 4 (method 3.5 or 3.6) latest
edition will be made for each type of soil to be used in the construction of the work to
determine the Maximum Dry Density, the Optimum Moisture Content and the Moisture
Range required of the soil for satisfactory compaction. The Field Density and actual
Moisture Content of the compacted embankment shall be determined by field tests
according to BS 1377 Part 9 (method 2.1 or 2.2) latest edition.
2/20
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS
2/20.1
For the Contractor's general guidance, the following tests will be required prior to use,
and during the construction of the embankment and of the subgrade.
EMBANKMENT
2/20.2
Soil samples for Soil classification according to BS 1377:Part II latest edition, laboratory
moisture / density relationship tests and California Bearing Ratio shall be taken prior to
use, from any proposed source of material. Each sample shall represent not more than
3,000 Cu.m.
2/20.3
For every completed layer of fill three field density tests shall be performed every 2250
Sq.m. of carriageway or as otherwise directed by the Engineer.
2/9
2/20.4
The Contractor shall carry out any additional compaction tests as ordered by the Engineer
at no additional cost.
IMPROVED SUBGRADE
2/20.5
Samples for Soil classification, laboratory moisture density relationship tests and CBR
tests shall be taken prior to use, from any proposed source of material. Each sample shall
represent not more than 1,500 Cu.m.
2/20.6
For every completed layer of subgrade, three field density tests shall be performed on
every 1500 sq.m. of carriageway.
2/20.7
The frequency of field compaction tests on the shoulders shall be three every 1500 Sq.m.
constructed or as directed by the Engineer.
ROCKFILL
2/20.8
Where embankments to be compacted are formed of material consisting predominantly of

rock fragments of such size that the material cannot be placed in layers of the thickness
prescribed without crushing, pulverizing or further breaking down the pieces resulting
from normal excavation methods, the material may be placed in the embankment in
layers not exceeding a thickness twice the average size of the larger rocks, except that no
layer shall exceed 600 mm of loose measurement.
Materials shall be carefully placed so that all large stones will be well distributed and the
voids completely filled with smaller earth, sand or gravel to form a solid embankment.
Each layer shall be bladed or levelled with motor grader, bull dozer or similar equipment
capable of shifting and forming the layer into a neat and orderly condition. No. rocks
larger than eighty (80) mm in any dimension shall be placed in the top one hundred and
fifty (150) mm of the embankment unless otherwise noted on the drawings. Conformance
to these provisions and compaction in a manner and to a point of consolidation approved
by the Engineer will be considered as fulfillment of the requirements for the type of
compaction shown on the drawings. Normally, compaction tests will not be performed in
these areas but the Engineer reserves the right to test compaction in some other manner if
he deems a test necessary to ensure consolidation. Each layer must be approved by the
Engineer before the next layer is placed.
Embankments, which are formed of materials that contain rock but also sufficient
compatible material other than rock or other hard material to make rolling feasible, shall
be placed and compacted in the manner and to the point of consolidation approved by the
Engineer. Moisture shall be added as directed by the Engineer. Compaction tests will be
made wherever the Engineer determines they are feasible and necessary. Each layer must
be approved by the Engineer before the next layer is placed.
2/21
STABILISING CRUSHED MATERIAL
2/21.1
In the event the foundation on which the embankment or the subgrade materials will be
laid is saturated by water and unstable, the Engineer may decide to lay crushed granular
material to stabilise the foundation. Stabilising crushed material shall not be laid directly
on ground soil but it shall always be laid on geotextile fabric covering the area to be
stabilised as shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer.
2/10
2/21.2
Such stabilising crushed material when tested in accordance with ASTM C136 shall have
the following gradation:BS SIEVE
50 mm
25 mm
12.5 mm
4.75 mm
2.00 mm
850 microns
425 microns
180 microns
2/21.3
% PASSING
100
80 - 100
60 - 85
40 - 70
20 - 50
15 - 25
0 - 10
0 - 2
The stabilising crushed material shall have the following characteristics:-
Los Angeles Abrasion (ASTM C131/C535) - Not more than 30% loss (after 500
revolutions)
Bulk Specific Gravity (ASTM C127) - Not less than 2.65
Absorption (ASTM C127) - Not more than 2.0%
2/21.4
The stabilising crushed material will be laid in layers of 15 cm and compacted until the
foundation is fully stabilised such that the total thickness of the stabilising layer shall not
be less than 30 cm. Only after inspection and approval by the Engineer the Contractor
may be allowed to continue the construction of the embankment with other layers of
embankment material and/or subgrade material. The Engineer may decide, after having
taken the levels of the existing water table in the area, and keeping in consideration the
finished road levels, to excavate portions of the foundation saturated by water, disposing
of the excavated material, and replacing it with stabilising crushed material.
2/21.5
Before starting any stabilising of the foundation the Engineer will instruct the Contractor
specifying the areas to be stabilised and the final levels to be reached with the stabilising
crushed material.
2/22
GEOTEXTILE FABRIC
2/22.1
In areas where the Engineer deems the use of geotextile fabric necessary, the Contractor
shall furnish and place geotextile fabric as specified and as directed by the Engineer.
2/11
2/22.2
The geotextile fabric furnished by the Contractor shall be of an approved grade suitable
for placement over fine sand. The geotextile fabric shall be a woven or non-woven fabric
consisting only of long chain polymeric filaments or yarns formed into a stable network
such that the filaments or yarns retain their relative position to each other. The fabric
shall be stabilised against ultra violet light, inert to commonly uncounted chemicals and
chemical properties of the in-situ soil and water, and it shall conform to the following
minimum requirements:
Property
Test
Method
Unit
(metric)
Min.Average
Roll Values
(140N)
Grab Tensile
Strength
ASTM D
4632
lbs (kN)
120
Grab Tensile
Elongation
ASTM D
4632
50
Mullen Burst
Strength
ASTM D
3786
psi (kPa)
240 (1654)
Puncture
Resistance
ASTM D
4833
lbs (kN)
70 (0.31)
Trapezoid Tear
Strength
ASTM D
4533
lbs (kN)
50 (0.22)
Permittivity
ASTM D
4491
sec
1.5
Flow Rate
ASTM D
4491
gal/min/ft2
(1/min/m2)
120 (4903)
2/22.3
The surface to receive the geotextile fabric shall be prepared to a relatively smooth
condition free of obtrusions, depressions, and debris. The geotextile fabric shall not be
laid in a stretched condition, but shall be laid loosely with the long dimension parallel to
the centreline of the roadway. In the event that the width of the proposed area for fabric
requires more than one panel width of fabric, the panels shall be overlapped a minimum
15 percent of the panel width. Longitudinal joints in the fabric shall have an overlap of
50cm. To prevent slippage of the overlapping fabric, the areas of overlap shall be
stabilized as approved by the Engineer with pins, anchor blocks, or aggregate piles. In the
event construction machinery is used to place the fabric, the working platform for the
machinery shall be the soil and not the previously laid fabric.
2/22.4
Prior to placement of the granular material (Stabilizing crushed material) the Contractor
shall spread a layer of sand over the geotextile fabric as directed by the Engineer. The
aggregate material shall not be dumped directly on the fabric, nor shall haul trucks be run
on the fabric. The aggregate shall be spread by a wheeled front-end loader.
2/12
The blade or bucket shall be kept sufficiently high so that the aggregate is not being
pulled over the fabric, but being dropped at a minimum height to the satisfaction of the
Engineer.
2/22.5
Fabric damaged or displaced before or during installation or during placement of

overlaying aggregate material shall be replaced or repaired to the satisfaction of the
Engineer at the Contractor's expense.
2/23
EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES
2/23.1
This work shall consist of all excavation for structures, culverts, headwalls, catch basins,
manholes, inlets, and retaining walls and shall include all necessary clearing and
grubbing, all necessary bailing, drainage, pumping, sheeting, strutting and the
construction of coffer dams or cribs, if found necessary, and their subsequent removal;
also the disposal of all material obtained from such excavation and backfilling to the
level of the original ground; it shall include the removal of that portion of existing
structures below the ground which is necessitated by the construction of the new
structure.
2/23.2
Prior to commencing any structural excavation work 1.5 metres or more in depth, the
Contractor shall design and submit to the Engineer for review and approval, within a
minimum period of 1 week before the intended commencement date, detailed working
drawings of the structural excavation support member materials, sizes, spacing and
engineering calculations to validate their design, including the maximum theoretical
deflections of the support members. The system shall be designed in such a manner that
no raker struts or any other support members extend through surfaces exposed in the
finished construction, and no shoring or bracing is placed under permanent structures.
2/23.3
The engineering calculations shall show lateral earth pressure for the full excavation
depths, forces at various stages of support during installation and removal and concrete
placement, the anticipated equipment loads, surcharge loads of any description, the
maximum design loads to be carried by various members of the support system and strut
preload forces.
2/23.4
If the structure support system proposed includes tieback anchors, the Contractor's
submittal drawings shall show the profile of the soil in which each anchor is to be
installed, the design load for the full depth of the excavation, the maximum design and
proof loads, surcharge loads of any description; equipment loads, forces at various stages,
support during installation and removal, and the criteria proposed for deformations under
proof loads. Where a proposed system of tieback anchors projects beyond the vertical
projection of the Contract limit lines shown on the Drawings on to the adjoining property,
the permission of the owner shall be obtained in writing and such permission submitted
to the Engineer at the time the shop drawings of the support systems are submitted.
2/23.5
At locations where the excavation extends below the ground water table, a dewatering
system shall be provided which will effectively reduce the hydrostatic pressure and lower
the ground water levels below excavation levels, as required for the safe and proper
execution of the work and which will result in obtaining a stable, dry subgrade for the
execution of subsequent operations. The Contractor shall design dewatering methods and
settling basins so that no critical amounts of soil, sand or silt are removed during either
the initial operations or the construction operations. Complete working drawings showing
the type of dewatering and ground water control system proposed shall be submitted to
the Engineer for his review.
2/23.6
The Contractor's submittal drawings shall show the arrangement, location and depths of
the proposed dewatering system if required. A complete description of the equipment and
materials to be used and the procedures to be followed shall be shown, together with the
standby equipment, standby power supply and the proposed location or locations of
2/13
points of discharge of water. Any required dewatering system design shall also include
the measures taken to prevent damage due to settlement of pavement, utilities, sewers,
buildings and other structures outside the excavation but within the area affected by the
procedures.
2/23.7
The designs of the structure excavation support system and the dewatering systems
specified above shall be prepared by and signed by a Professional Engineer approved by
the Engineer specialising in this type of design work. Approval of the designs and shop
drawings shall not relieve the Contractor of the adequacy and performance of these
temporary works.
2/23.8
Pre-Construction Inspection-prior to the beginning of construction, the Contractor and

the Engineer shall make a detailed inspection of all adjacent buildings, pavements, wells
and other structures in order to determine its pre-construction condition and the
Contractor shall prepare, for the Engineer's approval, a typed Inspection report of the
findings.
2/23.9
The Report shall include photographs, drawings and sketches with levels and dimensions
illustrating the structures condition, noting in particular any existing damage or structural
inadequacy. Deficiencies and damage shall be suitably marked on the structure such that
it is not permanently defaced.
2/23.10
Three copies of the Report shall be submitted for the approval of the Engineer. Once
approved, five additional copies shall be supplied to the Engineer.
2/23.11
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer sufficiently in advance of the beginning of any
excavation so that cross-sectional elevations and measurements may be taken of the
undisturbed ground. The natural ground adjacent to the structure shall not be disturbed
without the permission of the Engineer.
2/23.12
Trenches or foundation pits for structures or structure footings shall be excavated to the
lines and grades or elevations shown on the drawings, or as ordered by the Engineer.
They shall be of sufficient size to permit the placing of structures or structure footings of
the full width and length shown. The elevations of the bottoms of footings, as shown on
the Drawing shall be considered as approximate only and the Engineer may order, in
writing, such changes in dimensions of elevations of footings as may be deemed
necessary, to ensure a satisfactory foundation.
2/23.13
Unless otherwise provided for in the Drawings or Contract Documents or directed by the
Engineer Structural excavation shall be carried out for a width of at least 500 mm beyond
the horizontal outside limits of the foundation, footing, box culvert or structural member
to which the excavation relates. Concrete blinding or sub- foundations are not to be
considered as structure for the purpose of defining such excavation.
2/23.14
If during the progress of the work, loose or improperly compacted soil is encountered
below the structural foundation levels, or adjacent thereof, which is the result of prior
removal of utilities or structures, such material shall be completely removed within the
limits as directed by the Engineer, backfilled with suitable material and compacted to
95% of the maximum dry density as determined by BS 1377 Part 4 (method 3.5 or 3.6)
latest edition. Any previous excavations encountered which would in the opinion of the
Engineer be detrimental to load distribution of new foundations to the underlaying soil,
shall be excavated and backfilled with Class 25 concrete (clause 4/15).
2/23.15
After each excavation is completed, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer, for approval
of the depth of excavation and the character of the material, prior to further structural
works. Any over excavation shall be backfilled with Class 25 concrete (clause 4/15) at
the Contractors expense.
2/14
2/23.16
All rock or other hard foundation material shall be cleaned of all loose material and cut to
a firm surface, either level, stepped, or serrated as directed by the Engineer. All seams or
crevices shall be cleaned and grouted. All loose and disintegrated rock and thin strata
shall be removed.
When the footing is to rest on material other than rock, excavation to final grade shall not
be made until just before the footing is to be placed and special care shall be taken not to
disturb the excavation. When the foundation material is soft or otherwise unsuitable as
determined by the Engineer, the Contractor shall remove the unsuitable material and
backfill with approved granular material. This foundation fill shall be placed and
compacted in 150mm layers up to the foundation elevation and compacted to 95% of the
maximum dry density as determined by BS 1377 Part 4 (method 3.5 or 3.6) latest edition.
The placing of concrete shall follow as closely as practicable the structural excavation.
2/23.17
Control of Ground Water - Prior to the commencement of construction at any particular

location, the Contractor shall install and maintain a system of standpipes and other
devices to monitor ground water level in any area which in the opinion of the Engineer is
likely to be affected by the dewatering. The number, location and depth of all standpipes
shall be to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
-
The Contractor shall check ground water levels at weekly or where instructed by the
Engineer, more frequent intervals and submit within 24 hours written reports to the
Engineer in a form to be agreed.
In the case of uncontrolled flow of water into any excavation, the Engineer reserves
the right to order an immediate cessation of work and to order the Contractor to take
immediate action to control the inflow of water. Such actions and remedial works
shall be to the Engineer's approval.
2/23.18
Notification of Damage- The Contractor shall notify the Engineer immediately of any
movement or any damage not noted in the pre-construction report, to any structure. The
Contractor shall immediately cease his construction operations in the vicinity and shall
take immediate action to prevent further movement or damage. The Contractor shall keep
the Engineer fully informed of all such action.
2/23.19
Remedial and Preventive Works- Should remedial works be necessary due to damage
caused to the structure or should the Engineer direct the contractor to carry out any works
necessary to prevent damage to the structure due to the Contractor's construction works,
the Contractor will present, without delay, detailed drawings and specifications, as
necessary, showing his proposed remedial or preventive works for the Engineer's
approval.
In either case the Contractor will suspend all construction activities in the vicinity of the
structure until such time as the remedial or preventive works are carried out to the
Engineer's satisfaction at the Contractor's expense.
2/23.20
Post Construction Inspection- On completion of, but prior to final acceptance of the
works, the Contractor and the Engineer shall re-examine the structure to determine any
change from the original conditions. The Contractor shall supply to the Engineer for
approval five copies of a report describing measures he proposes to take to correct any
damage which resulted from the construction of the works. The approved corrective
measures shall be carried out by the Contractor at his expense, to the Engineer's
satisfaction before final acceptance of the works.
2/23.21
Utilisation of Excavated Materials- All excavated material determined as suitable by

the Engineer, shall be utilised as backfill or roadway fill. The surplus material, shall be
disposed of as specified in sub-section 2/8 para 2. Excavated material shall not be
2/15
deposited, at any time, so as to endanger the partly finished structure or cause an

obstruction of any kind. All unsuitable material shall be disposed of to approved tips.
2/23.22
Backfill- Excavated areas around structures shall be backfilled with excavated materials
or imported granular material approved by the Engineer. Backfill materials shall be
placed in horizontal layers not exceeding 150mm in depth after compaction to 95% of the
maximum dry density as determined by BS 1377 Part 4 latest edition (Method 3.5 or 3.6).
The field density shall be determined by BS 1377 Part 9 latest edition (Method 2.1 or
2.2). Each layer of material shall be moistened or dried as required to enable thorough
compaction as specified. Backfill shall be placed to the original ground level or as
indicated on the drawings.
2/23.23
Backfill or embankment shall not be placed behind the walls of concrete structures or
rigid frame structures until the top slab is placed and cured. Backfill and embankment
behind abutments when held at the top of the superstructure shall be carried up
simultaneously behind opposite abutments. Backfill shall be carried up equally on either
sides of box culverts.
2/23.24
For frequency of testing of backfill material refer to sub-section 2/20.
2/16
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.1
GENERAL
The prevailing standard for all concrete work shall be BS 8110 and such
amendments as shall be approved by the Engineer in accordance with the
CIRIA Guide to Concrete Construction in the Gulf Region.
Concrete work shall consist of furnishing all materials and constructing
structures of the forms, shapes and dimensions shown on the Drawings or
as directed, using Portland Cement concrete, in accordance with the
details shown on the Drawings and these Specifications.
Portland Cement concrete shall consist of a mixture of Portland Cement,
fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and additives when required. The
mixture shall be proportioned, mixed, placed and cured in accordance
with the requirements of BS 8110: Part 1. Where an additional clause
conflicts or is inconsistent with the requirements of BS 8110 the
additional clause shall always prevail. The concrete mixes shall be
designed mixes for special or ordinary concrete as defined in BS 8110,
the design requirements of which are laid down in this Specification.
3.2
MATERIALS
3.2.1
Cement
3.2.1.1
General
Only Sulphate Resisting Cement as specified in Clause 3.2.1.3 shall be
used unless otherwise directed.
Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer all cements shall comply
with the following requirements:-
The acid soluble alkali level measured as Na2O + 0.658 K2O

shall not exceed 0.6% by weight determined by the test method
described in BS EN196-21.
The specific surface (fineness) shall not be greater than 325

m2/Kg and not less than 225 m2/Kg when tested as described in
BS EN196-6.
3/1
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
The cement shall be of approved manufacture and shall be delivered in

bags with seals unbroken, or delivered in bulk in approved containers
which shall bear the manufacturers name, cement type and the date of
manufacture. Test certificates from the manufacturers or suppliers shall
be submitted for each consignment and shall indicate the results of the
tests for compressive strength, setting time, soundness and fineness
carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant BS or
ASTM standards. Further tests may be required by the Engineer after the
cement is delivered and stored on the site. The failure of any sample to
satisfy the BS or ASTM requirements shall entitle the Engineer to reject
the entire consignment from which it was taken.
Cement shall be stored immediately upon receipt at site in such a way to
keep it away from water and moisture at all times. The Contractor shall
provide a method statement for the storage of cement which shall be
approved and implemented before any cement is delivered to site.
Consignments shall be used in the order in which they were delivered.
Any consignment not used within 2 months from the date of manufacture
will not be allowed to be used in the Works.
No cement from any consignment shall be used in Permanent Works
without the approval of the Engineer. Cement which the Engineer
considers to have deteriorated in any way shall not be used and shall be
removed from site without delay.
One brand only of cement as approved by the Engineer shall be used
throughout the Works unless otherwise authorised by the Engineer in
writing. Differing types of brands shall not be mixed together for use in
the Works.
3.2.1.2

Ordinary portland cement (OPC) shall comply with BS 12 or ASTM
C150 Type 1. The tricalcium aluminate content shall lie within the range
of 4% to 13%. The heat of hydration shall not exceed 290 Kj/Kg at 7
days when tested in accordance with ASTM C186.
3/2
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.2.1.3

Sulphate resisting cement (SRC) shall comply with BS 4027 or ASTM
C150 Type 5. The heat of hydration shall not exceed 290 Kj/Kg at 7 days
when tested in accordance with ASTM C186. The strength class shall be
ASTM Type V with average compressive strength (N/mm2) for mortar
cubes of 15 and 20 at 7 and 28 days respectively.
3.2.1.4

Moderate sulphate resisting cement (MSRC) shall comply with ASTM
C150 Type 2 but containing not less than 4% and not more than 8%
proportion by weight of tricalcium aluminate. In either case the cement
shall not contain more than 2.7% proportion by weight of sulphur trioxide.
3.2.2

Fine aggregate for concrete shall consist of natural screened and washed
sand or crushed sand having hard and durable particles, or of other inert
materials with similar characteristics. It shall not contain harmful material
such as salts, clay lumps, tree roots, shale, iron pyrites, coal, mica, organic
matter or any deleterious matter which may attack the reinforcement, in
such a form or in sufficient quantity to affect adversely the strength and
durability of the concrete. If necessary, the aggregate shall be washed and
sieved to remove the deleterious substances. Beach sand shall not be
permitted for use in concrete mixes.
The fine aggregate shall comply in all respects with the requirements of
BS 882 and shall also comply with Dubai Municipality Administrative
Order No. 143/91. In addition to the above, fine aggregate for concrete
shall meet the requirements in Table 3-1.
3/3
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Table 3-1. Limits for Properties of Fine Aggregates for Concrete

Type
Test Method
Permissible Limits
1. Magnesium Sulphate
Soundness (5 Cycles)
2. Clay Lumps and Friable
Particles
3. Organic Impurities
ASTM C88
Max. 12%
ASTM C142
Max. 1% by weight
ASTM C40
Lighter
standard
Max. 3%
4. Material Finer than

ASTM C117
0.075 mm
5. Acid Soluble Chlorides BS 812: Part 117
(Cl)
For reinforced
made with:
SRC
OPC & MSRC
concrete
Max. 0.03%
Max. 0.03%
For mass concrete made

with:
SRC
OPC & MSRC
Max. 0.03%
Max. 0.03%
Max. 0.03%
For prestressed concrete

and
heat-cured reinforced
concrete
6. Acid Soluble Sulphates BS 812: Part 118
(SO3)
ASTM C128
Max. 0.3% by
weight of fine
aggregate
Max. 2.3%
Gravity
ASTM C128
Min. 2.6
9. Sand Equivalent (when

aggregate
other
than
natural sand is approved)
ASTM D2419
Min. 75
7. Water Absorption
8. Specific
(apparent)
3/4
than
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Fine aggregate of fine grading (BS 882) shall not be used. Fine
aggregate shall conform to one of the gradings given in Table 3-2
(reproduced from BS 882).
Table 3-2. Grading of Fine Aggregate for Concrete
BS 410
Percentage by Weight Passing BS Sieve
Test Sieve
(mm)
Coarse
Medium
10
5
2.36
1.18
0.60
0.30
0.15
3.2.3
100
100
60 - 100
30 - 90
15 - 54
5 - 40
0 - 15
100
100
65 - 100
45 - 100
25 - 80
5 - 48
0 - 15

Coarse aggregate for concrete shall consist of natural gravel, crushed
gravel, or crushed stone, free from coating of clay or other deleterious
substances. It shall not contain harmful materials such as salts, iron
pyrites, coal, mica, laminated materials, tree roots, shale, or any
materials which may attack the reinforcement, in such a form or in
sufficient quantity to affect adversely the strength and durability of the
concrete. If necessary, coarse aggregate shall be washed to remove
deleterious substances.
The coarse aggregate shall comply in all respect with the requirements
of BS 882. The coarse aggregate shall also fulfill the requirements in
Table 3-3.
Table 3-3. Limits for Properties of Coarse Aggregate for Concrete

3/5
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Type
Test Method
1. Flakiness Index
2. Elongation Index
3. Ten Percent Fines Value or
Impact Value
4. Los Angeles Abrasion
5. Shell content
Particles
8. Material Finer than 0.075
mm
9. Acid Soluble Chlorides (Cl)
BS 812: Part 105

BS 812: Part 105
BS 812: Part 111
BS 812: Part 112
ASTM
C131/C535
BS 812: Part 106
ASTM C88
ASTM C142
ASTM C117
Permissible
Limits
Max. 25
Max. 25
Min. 100KN
Max. 30%
Max. 30%
Max. 3% by
weight
Max. 12%
Max. 1% by
weight
Max. 1%
BS 812: Part 117
For reinforced concrete made

with :
SRC
OPC & MSRC
Max. 0.01%
Max. 0.02%

with:
SRC
OPC & MSRC
Max. 0.02%
Max. 0.04%
Max. 0.01%
For prestressed concrete and

concrete
10. Acid Soluble Sulphates
(SO3)
BS 812: Part 118
11. Water Absorption

12. Specific Gravity (apparent)
13. Drying Shrinkage
ASTM C127
ASTM C127
BS 812: Part 120
3/6
Max. 0.3% by
weight of
coarse
Aggregate
Max. 2%
Min. 2.6
Max. 0.05%
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
The coarse aggregate shall conform to the gradings given in Table 3-4
in accordance with the nominal size of aggregate specified (reproduced
from BS 882).
Table 3-4. Gradings of Single Size for Coarse Aggregate
Sieve
Size
for Nominal Sizes
(mm)
40 mm
20 mm
14 mm
10 mm
50
100
37.5
85 - 100
100
20.0
0 - 25
85 - 100
100
14.0
85 100
100
10.0
0-5
0 - 25
0 50
85 - 100
5.0
0-5
0 10
0 - 25
2.36
0-5
3.2.4
Combined Aggregate
Approved coarse aggregate and fine aggregate in each batch of concrete
shall be combined in proportions as specified in BS 882 and as
approved by the Engineer. However, in no case shall materials passing
the 0.075 mm sieve exceed three (3) percent by weight of the combined
aggregate.
The combined concrete aggregate gradation used in the work shall be as
specified, except when otherwise approved or directed by the Engineer.
Changes from one gradation to another shall not be made during the
progress of the work unless approved by the Engineer.
Naturally occuring sand/gravel mixtures (all in aggregates) shall not be
used unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
3.2.5
Water
3.2.5.1
General
Water for washing aggregate and for mixing or curing of concrete shall
be fresh, clean and substantially free from oil, acids, alkali, sewage,
deleterious mineral or organic matter. Water shall comply in all respects
with BS 3148. It shall not contain impurities in sufficient amounts to
cause discoloration of the concrete.
3/7
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
All sources of water for use with cement shall be approved by the
Engineer.
Sources of water shall be maintained at such depth and the water shall
be withdrawn in such a manner as to exclude silt, mud, grass and other
foreign matter. If at any time during construction the water from an
approved source becomes unsatisfactory, the Contractor will be required
to provide satisfactory water from some other source.
3.2.5.2
be tested in accordance with BS and ASTM standards and shall meet the
following requirements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Table 3-5. Chemical Limitations for Mixing Water

Parameter
Maximum
Test Method
Concentration
Limit
Chlorides as C1
250 mg/l
ASTM D512
Sulphates as SO3
350 mg/l
ASTM D516
Alkali carbonates and
bicarbonates
500 mg/l
ASTM D513
Total dissolved ions,
including 1, 2 & 3 above
2,000 mg/l
BS 1377: Part 3
pH
Min. 7/max. 9
ASTM D1293
The temperature of water for concrete should not be less than 5 C nor
more than 25C. Water may be cooled to not less than 5C by the
gradual addition of chilled water or ice but on mixing, no ice particles
should be present in the mix. Alternatively, flaked ice may be used. The
ice to be used should be crushed and should be the product of frozen
water which complies with the above requirements.
3.2.6
Admixtures
Unless agreed by the Engineer neither admixtures nor cements
containing additives shall be used.
3/8
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Where the use of admixture had been agreed by the Engineer, they shall
conform to the requirements of Type A, Type D, Type F or Type G as
specified in ASTM C494 and shall be used in strict accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
The Contractor shall be entirely
responsible for the use of any approved admixtures.
Samples of proposed admixtures shall, if required, be submitted to an
approved testing authority by the Contractor in order to ascertain its
suitability for use in the Works.
Approved methods and equipment shall be used for dispensing and
incorporating the admixture into the concrete. The dispensing unit shall
be designed so that the discharge of the admixture is visible.
The cost of such admixtures shall be included in the cost of concrete and
no extra payment shall be made if they are used. The proportions of
cement, fine aggregate and water shall be determined by the Contractor
before concreting commences and submitted together with such test
results as may be required to the Engineer for approval and the
Contractor shall not commence concreting before such approval is given
nor shall he alter or vary in any way the proportion of mix unless he
submits fresh test results and mix proportions to the Engineer for
approval.
The approval by the Engineer of such mix designs does not in any way
absolve the Contractor of any of the requirements of the Specifications.
3.2.7

The classes of concrete and their respective minimum cement content,
consistencies and the minimum required compressive strengths shall be
as shown:
3/9
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Table 3-6. Concrete Classification and Mixes

Comp. Strength Slump Min.Ceme
Max. Free
2
(N/mm )
(mm)
nt Content Water/Ceme
Class of
(kg/m3)
nt Ratio
Concrete
7 days
28
days
A
20
30
25 - 75
310
0.55
(30/20/SRC)
B
16
25
25 - 75
275
0.60
(25/20/SRC)
C
10
15
25 250
0.65
(15/20/SRC)
100
The chloride and sulphate levels in the concrete mix shall comply with
the requirements of Table 3-7.
Table 3-7. Maximum Limits of Chloride & Sulphate in Concrete Mix
Chlorides as
Sulphate as
Type of Concrete
C1* (According
SO3*
to BS 1881:Part (According to
BS 1881:Part
124)
124)
a. For reinforced concrete
if made with OPC/MSRC
0.30%
3.70%
if made with SRC
0.06%
3.70%
b. For mass concrete
0.60%
3.70%
if made with SRC
0.12%
3.70%
0.10%
3.70%
c. For prestressed concrete and
concrete
*Maximum limits of chloride and sulphate content as a percentage by
weight of cement in the mix.
3/10
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
The OPC and MSRC cements can also contain chlorides, the relevant
standard BS 12 allows up to 0.1% C1. Therefore any chloride content
present in the cement has to be taken into account while computing total
C1 in the mix. In case the cement contains the maximum limit of 0.1%
Cl, then the aggregates, water and admixtures used for prestressed
concrete or heat-cured reinforced concrete should be absolutely free of
chlorides.
3.2.8

Unless otherwise specified, mortars and grouts shall be composed of
Ordinary Portland Cement (satisfying Clause 3.2.1) and sand (satisfying
Clause 3.2.2) in the following proportions:NOMINAL PROPORTIONS
Quality
Portland Cement
G1
G2
G3
1
1
1
Sand
1
2
3
The amount of water (satisfying Clause 3.2.5) added shall just be

sufficient to make the mortar or grout workable consistent with its
purpose.
3.3
MIXING AND TESTING
3.3.1
Before any material from a particular source is used, the Contractor
shall obtain representative samples of fine and coarse aggregates and
carry out the necessary tests and analyses to show that the samples
comply with the Specification. During the progress of the Works, the
grading and chemical characteristics may be checked at frequent
intervals. Sampling of aggregates shall be carried out in accordance with
BS 812: Part 101 and Part 102.
3/11
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
The results of these tests shall be submitted to the Engineer and his
approval shall be obtained before any of the material is used in the
Works. Part of each sample will be required for concrete trial mixes and
part shall be retained for comparison with subsequent deliveries.
No deliveries in bulk are to be commenced until such samples are
approved by the Engineer as complying with this Specification.
3.3.2

Following the Engineer's approval of the materials for each class of
concrete, the Contractor shall prepare trial mix of each grade of concrete
in the presence of the Engineer's Representative. Each trial mix shall
comprise not less than 1/3 of a cubic metre of concrete and shall be
mixed in an approved type of concrete mixer similar to that which the
Contractor propose to employ on the Works. The quantities of all
ingredients of trial mix including water shall be carefully determined by
weight according to the approved mix design. Each trial mix shall show
no tendency to segregate when handled and compacted by the methods
by which the Contractor proposes to handle and compact the grade of
concrete in the Works and it shall be capable of adequate compaction by
such methods.
3.3.3
Water/Cement Ratio
The quantity of water to be added to the cement and aggregates during
mixing shall be just sufficient to produce a workable mix to enable it to
be well compacted and worked into corners of formwork and around
reinforcement. All mixes shall be designed in respect of the
proportioning of water so that the Slump Test as carried out according
to BS 1881: Part 102 shall be in accordance with the requirements laid
out in Clause 3.2.7. Measurement of water on the Site shall take into
account the moisture present in the aggregates, and Slump Tests shall be
taken frequently to ensure that variations in the moisture content of the
aggregate are fully taken into account in determining the amount of
water to be added.
3.3.4
The aggregates for the concrete shall be measured by weight but
measurement by volume may be allowed in special circumstances with
the approval of the Engineer.
3/12
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
When the aggregates are to be measured by weight the weight batching

machines shall be of a type approved by the Engineer's Representative.
They shall be kept clean and in good condition and adjustment. At
intervals as the Engineer's Representative may require, the Contractor
shall check the accuracy of each weight-batching machine.
When the aggregates are to be measured by volume, the proportions of
fine and coarse aggregates shall be measured in well constructed gauge
boxes, of dimensions approved by the Engineer's Representative to
guarantee that whole multiples of such gauge boxes will ensure the use
of one more whole bags or containers of cement and the capacity of the
concrete mixer shall be such as to ensure that no splitting of cement
bags or containers is required. Gauge boxes shall be properly filled and
struck off level, addition of fine aggregates to allow for bulking due to
moisture content being made as required.
An efficient water measuring device shall be fitted to each concrete
mixer.
Any cement container shall be such as to contain an accurately weighed
amount of cement.
3.3.5
Mixing Concrete
The concrete shall be mixed in a power driven machine of the batch
type, no hand mixing being allowed. The mixer shall be large enough to
admit the use of 1cement bag or container or whole multiples of bags or
containers at a time. The mixing shall continue until there is a thorough
distribution of the materials and the mass is uniform in consistency and
colour. The period of mixing, judged from the time that all the
ingredients including water are in the mixing drum shall be as ordered
by the Engineer's Representative but shall not be less than 2 minutes or
20 revolutions of the drum whichever is the longer. Should there be for
any reason a stoppage of greater than 30 minutes, the drum or other
containers of the mixer shall be thoroughly washed and cleaned before
mixing is resumed. On completion of the mixing the concrete shall be
discharged onto clean boards or into clean barrows. The method of
discharge from the mixer shall be such as to cause no segregation
whether partial or otherwise of the concrete materials.
3/13
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.3.6
Re-Mixing Concrete
Concrete which has commenced to set shall not be remixed either with
or without additional water and in no case shall such concrete be used in
the Works.
3.3.7
Concrete Testing
3.3.7.1
General
The compression tests shall be performed on cubes 150 x 150 x 150 mm
as described in BS1881: Part 116. Sampling, making test cubes and
curing of cubes shall be in accordance with BS 1881: Parts 101, 108 and
111 respectively.
The following methods of testing shall apply to standard concrete cubes.
3.3.7.2
Preliminary Testing
After the materials have been approved and at least 10 days before any
concrete is poured, the Contractor shall make 3 Nos. preliminary sets of
test cubes. Each set of test cubes shall comprise of three cubes made
from a single sample of concrete taken from the point of final discharge
of the wet concrete. Each cube shall be made under the Engineer's
Representative supervision. Cubes shall be tested as follows: one set
shall be tested 7 days after the date of manufacture and one set 28 days
after the date of manufacture. The third set will only be tested if the
Engineer's Representative wishes to check the results of the tests on
either of the other two cubes and shall otherwise be preserved by the
Contractor until the end of the Period of Maintenance. Preliminary test
cubes shall be made and tested for all grades of concrete and for all
proposed variations of quality, quantity or origin of the aggregates and
cement.
Should any of the test cubes crushed at 7 days or that crushed at 28 days
fall below the specified requirements and the failure is confirmed by the
testing of the third set, the Contractor shall, on the Engineer's
Representative's instructions alter the mix design and/or the source of
aggregates, cement or water and/or the method of mixing including
alteration of the type of mixer. The compressive strength of the concrete
cube at 7 days shall be equal to or more than two thirds the required
compressive strength at 28 days.
3/14
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.3.7.3
Works Testing
During the course of the construction of the Works, the Contractor shall
make test cubes as required by the Engineer's Representative. One set of
six cubes will normally be taken from each individual concrete member,
e.g. culvert invert, Irish crossings, but additional cubes shall be taken as
directed by the Engineer's Representative. Three cubes will be tested at
7 days and three cubes at 28 days as the Engineer's Representative
directs. Where the strength of the concrete is shown to be below that
specified, the Contractor shall remove and replace at his own expense
all concrete from the concerned pour. The Engineer may require the
Contractor to cut out defective concrete from the Works at his own
expense even though test cubes made from that concrete have not failed.
Durability tests of hardened concrete shall be carried out in addition to
Splitting Tensile Test, Water Absorption Test, ISAT and Depth of
Water Penetration test.
3.3.7.4
Workability Testing
The Contractor shall carry out slump test in accordance with BS 1881:
Part 102 and/or compacting factor test in accordance with BS 1881: Part
103 at such frequency as the Engineer's Representative considers
necessary to ensure that the workability and consistency of the concrete
is maintained in accordance with the specified mix or accepted mix
design and the trial mix. But in any case workability tests shall be
carried out at least once every two hours during which concrete is being
mixed.
3.3.8

During the mixing and casting of concrete the frequency of testing for
control purposes shall be as indicated in Table 3-8 or as directed by the
Engineer's Representative. No direct payment is made for testing. The
price of this work is to be included in the bid prices of concrete.
3/15
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Table 3-8. Required Frequency of Testing Aggregates & Concrete

Type of Test
Frequency
Grading of Fine and Coarse
Aggregate; Flakiness and
Elongation Index; Aggregate
Crushing Value
Once for each source prior to

approval and once prior to casting
of each lift for any major concrete
structure or as directed by the
Engineer
Concrete Cube
One set (Min. 6 Cubes) from each

mixer for class of concrete and at
10m3. The point of sampling of
fresh concrete shall be at delivery
into the construction unless
Each set of cubes shall be made
from a separate batch.
As directed by the Engineer.
Compacting Factor Test

Transverse Strength (as per BS
7263 : Part 1)
Absorption Requirement(1)
(as per BS 1881: Part 122)
Slump Test
Once every hour from each mixer

Mix Design
Once for each source of aggregate

or every combination of sources or
as directed by the Engineer.
Portland Cement
One 2 Kg sample for quality test
shall be taken from each 1,700 bags
or equivalent weight. Sampling of
cement shall be as per BS EN-7
Water
A one gallon sample shall be
obtained prior to use from, each
source and at least every week for
quality testing.
Note: (1) Maximum 2% after 30 minutes
3/16
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.4
3.4.1
Concrete shall be taken from the place of mixing to the place of
depositing by approved methods which will prevent the segregation or
loss of the ingredients and which are sufficiently rapid to ensure that the
concrete does not commence to set before it is compacted in position.
The concrete shall be deposited as near as possible to its final position
in the Works and shall not be allowed to flow into position. Deposition
of the concrete through chutes shall not be permitted and neither shall
the concrete be dropped freely from a height exceeding 2.0 m. Pumping
concrete through delivery pipes may be permitted but only with the
prior approval of the Engineer's Representative.
No concrete shall be placed in a foundation until the extent of
excavation and the character of bearing material have been approved
and no concrete shall be placed in any structure until the placement of
reinforcing steel and the adequacy of the forms and falsework have been
approved.
The concrete shall be placed in its final positions as soon as possible
after it has been mixed, and in any case before the initial set has taken
place. The Contractor shall ensure that concrete which has already been
placed in position and commenced to set is not disturbed by the placing
or compaction of further concrete nearby. All concrete shall be carefully
worked around and between reinforcement and all other embedded
fittings without such reinforcement or fittings being disturbed. Concrete
is to be worked well up against whatever surface it joints.
No concrete shall be mixed or placed when the light is insufficient,
unless an adequate and approved artificial lighting system is operated
and such night work is approved by the Engineer.
3.4.2

Concrete shall only be placed where the general requirements iin regard
to ambient and mix temperatures laid down in the CIRIA Guide to
Concrete Construction in the Gulf Region are met. The parameters laid
down therein shall only be exceeded with the prior written consent of
the Engineer.
3/17
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Concrete shall not be placed when the shade air temperature exceeds
40 C or during periods of windblown dust or rain.
The temperature of batched concrete at time of placing shall not exceed
32C unless otherwise specified.
Measures shall be taken to provide cool concrete and cool concreting
conditions in order to reduce workability loss, premature drying of
concrete and the development of high temperatures and temperature
gradients in placed concrete.
Proposed measures must be described in method statements and may
include:(a) Painting white or silver all storage vessels, hoppers, pipes, walls or
roofs which contain or convey aggregates, cement or mixing water.
(b) Dampening the forms.
(c) Reducing the concrete temperature to the lowest practical level by
procedures such as :-
Shading the aggregate.

Cooling the mixing water before use.
Screening the mixing plant and transporting vehicles from
wind, rain and sun.
(d) Erecting wind breaks and sunshades at the concrete placing

location.
(e) Reducing the time between the placing of the concrete and the start
of curing to the minimum possible.
(f) Minimizing evaporation (particularly during the first few hours
subsequent to placing the concrete) by suitable means such as
applying moisture by fog spraying.
These measures are in addition to those specified for the curing of
concrete.
In contracts which small structures spread over a large site, such as
sewerage contracts, where transportation times could be large, dry
mixing of concrete with addition of water immediately prior to placing
may be proposed. Method statements for such a proposal must describe
methods for accurate batching of water.
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3.4.3

Tremie concrete shall be deposited in water only if specified on the
Drawings and/or directed by the Engineer and under the Engineer's
supervision. Concrete to be deposited in water shall have the cement
content increased by 25% at the Contractor's expense. Concrete shall be
carefully placed in a compact mass in the space in which it is to remain
by means of a tremie bottom dump bucket or other approved method
that does not permit the concrete to fall through the water without
adequate protection. The concrete shall not be disturbed after being
deposited. No concrete shall be placed in flowing water and forms
which are not reasonably watertight shall not be used for holding
concrete deposited under water.
3.4.4
Blinding Concrete
Prior to placing any concrete on natural surfaces a blinding layer of
Class C concrete shall be laid to a minimum of 75 mm thickness. This
blinding shall be suitably curved prior to subsequent concrete
placement. The blinding shall be clean and free from any dust or impurities prior to subsequent concrete placement.
3.5
COMPACTING CONCRETE
3.5.1
Tamping
All concrete shall be thoroughly compacted to the maximum with
approved rammers without any segregation in its final position before it
commences to set. Care shall be taken to ensure that the use of spade
type rammers does not cause segregation of the aggregates and water.
Initial compaction of slabs shall be with approved rammers and
compaction by a screed board shall be limited to that required for the
final shape and finish. During the placing and compaction of reinforced
concrete, a competent steel mixer shall be in attendance to adjust and
correct if necessary the position of the reinforcement.
3.5.2
Vibrating
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Concrete shall be compacted by vibrating with an approved vibrator.

The vibrators shall not be attached to any reinforcement or embedded
fitting and where vibrators of the immersion type are used, care shall be
taken to ensure that they do not come into contact with the
reinforcement or embedded fittings. Freshly placed concrete shall not be
vibrated in a manner likely to cause damage to concrete in other parts of
the Works which has already taken its initial set. Concrete shall not be
vibrated in such a manner and to such an extent as to cause segregation
of the constituent materials. If shutter type vibrators are used they shall
be augumented by immersion type vibrators if the thickness of the
concrete member is more than 15 centimetres.
3.6
CURING OF CONCRETE
All concrete shall be protected from the harmful effects of sunshine,
drying winds, rain, flowing water, or other adverse effect. For at least 7
days after placing, the concrete shall be prevented from drying out by
being sprayed with fresh clean water and covered with hessian, clean
sand or other approved material which shall be kept wet.
Whenever approved by the Engineer, membrane curing of concrete with
an approved liquid may be used as an alternative to curing with water
except that membrane curing liquid shall not be applied to surfaces of
concrete from which the shuttering has been struck, until the concrete
has been inspected and approved by the Engineer's Representative.
The concrete curing compound shall comply with the following
requirements:
1) Only products which have been proved to be effective through
extensive use shall be proposed and manufacturers literature shall
include recent test certificates illustrating effective quality control
and high curing efficiencies.
2) All materials shall be supplied in the containers marked by the
manufacturer with his name, date of manufacture, shelf life, pot life
and instructions for handling and application.
3) The liquid shall contain a white or silver colour pigment in
sufficient quantity to give a uniform colour when applied to the
concrete surface.
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4) The liquid shall be of such chemical composition and consistency

that it can be applied by an approved mechanical sprayer in fine
spray to produce an even, uniform, impervious, continuous film
within one hour of application which will not crack, peel or
disintegrate within three weeks of application.
The compound shall not be poisonous, odorous or explosive and
shall not react chemically with cement.
5) Curing compounds shall not be applied to surfaces to which further
concrete or a surface finish is subsequently to be bonded unless the
approval of the Engineer is obtained to the use of a water soluble
type.
The Contractor shall ensure that all concrete is adequately protected
against inclement weather until properly set and shall if necessary
provide additional protection to that specified above.
3.7
JOINTS IN CONCRETE
3.7.1
Intervals During Concreting

The timetable for the depositing of concrete between construction joints
should be so arranged that no face of concrete shall be left for more than
20 minutes before fresh concrete is deposited against it. Pauses for
meals, servicing of machines, changes of shift, etc., and the distribution
of concrete among the positions where work may be proceeding
simultaneously must be carefully organized to ensure that the above
mentioned interval shall not be exceeded.
3.7.2
Construction Joints
Construction joints shall be as shown on the Drawings or as directed by
the Engineer's Representative. If the Contractor wishes to make
additional construction joints he shall obtain the prior approval of the
Engineer's Representative. Such approval may include the provision and
placing of additional reinforcement at the Contractor's expense.
Construction joints shall be formed by inserting temporary vertical
stopping-off boards to form tongue and groove joint with the concrete
placed subsequently except if separately detailed on the Drawings.
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings construction joints shall be
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located as near as possible to the position of minimum shear and tensile

stress in the concrete.
3.7.3

At a construction joint, the face of the previously placed concrete shall
be cleaned of any skin or laitance or loose material by brushing with a
wire brush or other approved method and washing with clean water.
Insecurely held aggregate shall be removed. Excess water shall be
removed and the surface while still wet shall be covered with 1:2
cement mortar which must be vigorously stippled into the surface by
means of a suitable stiff brush, the depositing of the fresh concrete
following closely.
3.7.4
Expansion Joints
Expansion joints shall be constructed at positions shown on the
Drawings or as directed by the Engineer and shall be formed according
to the instruction and dimensions shown on the Drawings.
Filled expansion joints shall be provided at every 6 m or as shown in
the drawings and/or directed by the Engineer for the kerb and concrete
backing. Any excavated surface for the concrete bedding should be
watered and compacted to a minimum 95% of optimum density.
3.7.5

Expansion joint filler shall be composed of approved durable
non-extruding fibrous material suitably impregnated to prevent
deterioration. Sheet bitumen fillers will not be accepted. Preformed
strips of expansion joint filler shall be of such a nature as not to be
permanently deformed or broken by twisting, bending or other normal
handling on site. Samples shall be submitted for approval before
ordering. The vertical expansion joints in kerbs and parapets shall be
formed with approved vertical seal. Such vertical seal shall adhere to the
vertical face sealed and shall not flow under maximum local sun
temperature nor shall it be sticky to the touch.
1) Expansion joints for precast upstand kerbs shall be at 6 m.
2) For flush kerbs cast in-situ, at 2 m max.
3) For precast slabs, every 4 m min.
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3.7.6

The sealing compound shall be of an approved polysulphide compound,
non-pouring grade for vertical application and pouring grade for
horizontal application, as specified in Clause 9.2.1.2 (1) or it may be a
rubber-bitumen compound.
The rubber-bitumen compound shall be a flexible weather resistant seal,
slump resistant unaffected by permanent immersion in water, or by
alkalis or sulphates. The material shall have a minimum storage life of
12 months in original containers stored in cool dry conditions and a
density of 1.30 kg/litre.
The sealing compound shall adhere firmly to the concrete in all weather
conditions. The sealing compound shall not flow either along or down
the joint during hot weather. The sealing compound shall be durable and
shall not weather beyond the forming of a thin surface skin.
Samples shall be submitted for approval before ordering. Vertical sealer
shall be used with an approved priming compound. Application of the
sealing compound shall be strictly in accordance with the
Manufacturer's instructions.
3.7.7

Seepage of water through any joints in a water retaining or water
excluding concrete structure shall be prevented by the use of PVC
Waterstop or other material as directed and approved by the Engineer.
They shall be placed centrally as a water barrier across the designated
joint in in-situ concrete structures and cast centrally into the edges of
adjacent concrete components.
Waterstop shall be used at all Expansion and Contraction Joints in
concrete structures below water table. For a Construction Joint,
requirement of a waterstop shall be indicated in the drawing. The
Engineer may also require the Contractor to provide waterstop at any
additional Construction Joint approved at his request.
Waterstop shall be extruded from high grade grey PVC Compound. Flat
Dumbell plain web waterstop shall be used for a Construction Joint
while for an Expansion Joint or a Contraction Joint, a centre bulb
waterstop shall be used. The width of the waterstop shall depend upon
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the concrete thickness, the aggregate size and the position of

reinforcement. In general, the following shall be taken as a guide to
select the width, w, of a waterstop:w < t, but w > (6a+j)
where,
t = concrete thickness
a = largest aggregate size
j = width of Expansion Joint
The following Technical Data shall apply :
3.8
Hardness
: 42 - 52 BS Softness degrees at 25 C.
Tensile strength
: 13.8 N/mm2 minimum at 25 C.
Elongation at break
: 285 % minimum at 25 C.
The Contractor shall not proceed with the surface finish or making good
of concrete surfaces until he has received the Engineer's
Representative's permission to do so and he shall not apply cement
slurry or mortar or any other coating to the concrete surfaces from
which the shuttering has been struck until the concrete has been
inspected and approved by the Engineer's Representative.
3.9

The Contractor shall on the written instruction of the Engineer's
Representative remove and reconstruct any such portion of the work
which in the opinion of the Engineer's Representative is unsatisfactory
as regards quality of concrete, incorrect dimension of the cast portion,
badly placed or insufficient reinforcement, honeycombing or other such
cause as shall render the construction not up to the standard required
and which in the opinion of the Engineer may affect the strength or
durability of the construction.
3.10
REPAIRS TO CONCRETE
The method of repairing and replacing defective concrete which the
Contractor proposes to adopt shall be submitted to the Engineer's
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Representative for prior approval and the repair shall be carried out in
such manner as the Engineer may direct or approve.
3.11

Throughout the progress of the concrete work the Contractor shall
employ and provide such supervision as is necessary to ensure
3.12
(a)
the day to day control of the quality of the concrete and
(b)
the mixing, transporting, placing, compacting, curing and

protection of the concrete, and
(c)
the carrying out of all testing as specified herein and any further
testing which the Engineer's Representative may require, and
(d)
the conducting of investigations as the Engineer's Representative

may require, and
(e)
the preparation of reports and the keeping of such records as the

Engineer's Representative may require.
All concrete surfaces (except top faces of culvert decks) not requiring
shuttering shall be trowelled to a smooth dense surface with the
minimum of cement and fine particles being brought to the surface and
shall be free from irregularities. Top faces of culvert decks shall be
carefully screeded and tamped to the required shape and to a dense
surface with the minimum amount of cement and fine particles being
brought to the surface and should be free from irregularities greater than
3 mm in height or depth.
Shuttered surfaces of concrete which will always be in contact with the
ground may be cast against sawn timber. All other exposed shuttered
surfaces including precast concrete shall be cast against steel, plywood
or planed timber formwork and shall be carefully rubbed down with
carborundum to remove all imperfections and irregularities. Surfaces
which are honeycombed, porous or irregular and which in the opinion of
the Engineer's Representative do not comply with the Specification shall
be cut out and replaced with sound concrete as directed by the
Engineer's Representative. The cost of all normal surface finishes and
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making good shall be deemed to be included in the tendered rate for the
concrete.
3.13
3.13.1
General
Formwork shall in every respect be adapted to the structure and the
required surface finish of the concrete. It shall include all temporary
moulds for forming the concrete to the required shape and finish and for
the support of such moulds. It shall be fixed in perfect alignment and
securely ledged and braced so as to be able to withstand, without
displacement deflection or movement of any kind, the weight of the
construction and the movement of persons materials and plant. Joints
shall be close enough to prevent the leakage of liquid and fine materials
from the concrete.
The Engineer's Representative may at any time require the prior
submission for approval of the Contractor's proposals for design and
construction of formwork including supports. The formwork shall be
constructed so as to permit its removal without damage to the concrete.
3.13.2

Internal spacing blocks and construction ties shall be avoided as far as,
in the Engineer's Representative opinion, possible and practicable.
Where it is intended that the spacing blocks or construction ties shall be
removed whether before or after the concrete has set, the making good
of the concrete shall be subject to the Engineer's Representative's
approval. The removal of the blocks or ties must not jeopardise the
stability of the construction. If, with the approval of the Engineer's
Representative, the spacing blocks and construction ties are allowed to
remain in the concrete then they shall be of such material and of such
quality that they do not prejudice the strength of the work. Concrete
spacing blocks shall be made of concrete at least equal in quality to the
main concrete. Metal ties shall be positioned such that they do not come
into contact with any of the reinforcement or fittings and no part of the
tie shall be permanently embedded in the concrete nearer than 5 cm to
the exterior surface of the concrete.
All holes shall be filled with 1:2 cement mortar.
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3.13.3
Slab Forms
Where timber is used for the soffits of slabs, the boards shall be placed
and laid perfectly true with close joints to prevent the percolation of
liquid or fines from the concrete. Tongue and groove planks shall be
used if specified. All requisite bearer and struts shall be adjusted in
position and placed where necessary on bearers as specified in the case
of beam forms.
3.13.4
Type of Formwork
3.13.4.1

All concrete faces shall be left as struck with a fair face, true to line
finish.
In order to have the finish as it will be formed, approved by the
Engineer, test pieces of 1 sq.m vertical panel 25 cm thick shall be cast.
After approval they shall be retained in position until the concrete works
have been completed then they shall be demolished and removed from
the Works.
After careful inspection, all superfluous fines and similar projections
shall be carefully removed. No render or other applied finish shall be
used to obtain a fair face to the concrete. All concrete faces to be
exposed in the finished works shall be adequately protected against
damage and surface staining during the execution of the Works.
3.13.4.2
Sawn Formwork
Shall be used for all culverts.
3.13.5

Immediately before the concrete is deposited, the formwork shall be
thoroughly cleaned out and freed from sawdust, shavings, wire cuttings,
dust, sand, clay and all other deleterious and extraneous materials.
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Temporary openings shall be provided in the formwork to facilitate this

work. The inside surfaces of the formwork shall, immediately prior to
final erection, be coated with mould oil. The mould oil shall be of
approved type and shall be applied uniformly and the quantities used
shall be the minimum consistent with its purposes. The Contractor shall
ensure that all steel reinforcement and adjoining concrete surfaces are
kept free of mould oil.
All formwork and reinforcement shall be clean and free from standing
water immediately before placing concrete.
3.13.6
Approval of Formwork Before Concreting

The Contractor shall in all cases request the approval of the formwork
by the Engineer's Representative in sufficient time to allow an
inspection to be made and shall not commence concreting until such
approval is obtained. The period between the Contractor's request for
approval and his intention to commence concreting shall be not less than
one clear normal working day and the Engineer's Representative may
require a longer period if, in his opinion, the formwork is of such
complexity as to require it.
Such approval shall not absolve the Contractor of his responsibilities
under the Contract.
3.13.7
Removal of Formwork
All formworks shall be struck without jarring the concrete or subjecting
the same to sudden shock.
Before striking any formwork, the Contractor shall satisfy himself that
the concrete is sufficiently hardened to bear its own load and any other
loads that may be placed on it.
No formwork is to be removed, if in the opinion of the Engineer's
Representative, the concrete has not set sufficiently. approval of the
Engineer's Representative shall not absolve the Contractor of his
responsibilities under the Contract.
Subject to the above and the concrete test cube results, the minimum
periods for the removal of formwork generally are as follows:
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Sides of beams, walls and columns

Soffits of beams and slabs (props left in)
Removal of props (beams and slabs)
Soffits of precast beams
2 days
7 days
14 days
7 days
(These times may be reduced only with the written approval of the
Engineer)
In the case of the special types of formwork, striking times are to be
approved by the Engineer.
If a beam slab is required to support a construction load in excess of its
design load, the beam or slab is to be propped until the supported
construction has reached the age when the propping may be removed.
No supports for the shuttering may be left in the finished concrete
without the written permission of the Engineer.
3.13.8

All concrete placed below ground level shall have a minimum
protection to its outside faces with a bituminous membrane as per
Clause 9.2.1.2 of this Specification.
3.14
3.14.1

The use of concrete delivered to the Site in a plastic condition and ready
for placing in its final position shall be permitted subject to the
following conditions:(a) The constituent materials and the concrete mix shall comply with
the requirements of this Specification.
(b)
The concrete shall be produced in accordance with the standards

laid down in the current edition of the "Authorisation Scheme for
Ready Mixed Concrete", published by the British Ready Mixed
Concrete Association (B.R.M.C.A.), except that
(i) Para. 11.1 (i) of the above publication shall be replaced by
item (d) below.
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(ii) Water shall be added to the mix under the control of the
central batching plant.
(iii) Dry batching with water added on site will not be permitted.
(c)
The concrete shall be supplied by a depot approved by the

Engineer and Dubai Municipality.
d)
The concrete shall be placed in its final position and left

undisturbed within 1-1/2 hours maximum of the time when the
cement first comes into contact with wetted aggregates, ie. the
time when hydration of the cement commences. If the temperature
is less than 4C or if the temperature is above 21C, this period
shall be reduced to one hour.
e)
The drum of the agitator truck shall be placed in its final position
and left undisturbed within 1.5 hours maximum of the time when
the cement first comes in contact with wetted aggregates, ie. The
time when hydration of the cement commences.
If the
temperature is less than 4 C or if the temperature is above 21 C,
this period should be reduced to one hour.
f)
the truck mixer should discharge concrete at approximately 0.5

m3 per minute. If this rate is not possible, it is advantageous for
the concrete to be discharged as quickly as possible especially
during high ambient temperature conditions. The concrete shall
be delivered and completely discharged within 1.5 hours or before
the drum has revolved 300 times after the introduction of water to
the cement and aggregates.
g)
In order to ensure the uniformity of mixing the following test,

from ASTM Standard C94, shall be carried out:
(i) Samples of concrete shall be taken from about 1/6 and 5/6
points of a batch, and the differences in the properties of the two
samples should not exceed any of the following:
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Density of concrete calculated to an air-free basis 16 kg/m3

Air content, volume % of concrete 1%
Slump = 25mm when the average is 100 mm, sand 40 mm when
the average is 100 mm to 150 mm
Percentage retained on 5 mm sieve 6%
Density of air-free mortar 1.6%
Compressive strength, average 7-day strength 7.5%
h) All the material for the concrete shall pass the specification
requirements and concrete shall be verified with DM-DCL
3.14.2
Pumping Concrete
Pumped concrete is defined as concrete that is conveyed under pressure
either through rigid or flexible hose, and discharged directly into the
desired area. Pumping may be used for almost all concrete construction
but is especially useful where there is inadequate space for other
concrete placing equipment to be operated.
A steady supply of pumpable concrete is necessary for satisfactory
pumping. Pumpable concrete, like conventional mixes, requires good
quality control; ie, properly graded uniform aggregates, and materials
uniformity and consistently batched and thoroughly mixed.
3.14.3
Field Control
Quality concrete in the field is the ultimate objective to be attained; a
high level of quality control must be maintained. The locations at which
samples for testing the concrete are taken is extremely important.
Sampling according to ASTM C94, is for the acceptability of the readymixed concrete. However, the quality of the concrete being placed in
the structure can only be measured at the placement end of the pipeline.
Where appropriate, sampling at both the truck discharge and point of
final placement should be employed to determine if any changes in the
slump, air content, and other significant mixture characteristics occur.
When sampling at the end of the placement line, great care should be
taken to ensure that the sample is representative of the concrete going
into the placement. Changing the rate of placing and/or the boom
configuration can result in erroneous test results.
3.14.4
Remixing
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Fresh concrete that is left to agitate in the truck mixer tends to stiffen
before initial set develops. This concrete shall not be used if the
following conditions apply; (1) the maximum water to cement ratio will
be exceeded, (2) the maximum slump will be exceeded, and (3) the
maximum number of revolutions or mixing time to placement time will
be exceeded.
3.14.5
Documentation
The Engineer shall receive copies of the delivery tickets for each batch
of concrete, and have access to a site record book maintained by the
Contractor in which the following information is recorded for each
batch of concrete delivered:(i) Delivery ticket number.
(ii) Slump of the concrete, testing on site immediately prior to placing.
(iii) Time when concrete is placed in position and left undisturbed.
(iv) Location that the concrete is placed.
(v) Works test cube reference.
3.15
REINFORCEMENT STEEL
3.15.1
General
This work shall consist of furnishing, fabricating and placing steel
reinforcement bars of the grade, type, quality, size, shape and quantity
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designated, all in accordance with these Specifications and the details

shown on the Drawings.
The Contractor shall be responsible for furnishing reinforcing steel in
sufficient quantity and of the proper sizes, lengths and shapes shown on
the Drawings for any given structure.
3.15.2
Material Specifications
All reinforcement bars shall be of a deformed type in accordance with
BS 4449, except that plain bars may be used where specifically
indicated on the Drawings. Plain bars shall be in accordance with BS
4449.
All steel reinforcement shall conform to the requirements of the
Specifications for Deformed High Yield Steel Bars, Grade 460 Type 2,
unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or specified by the Engineer.
Mild steel where specified or called for shall be either deformed or plain
bars complying with ASTM A615 structural grade or BS 4449 or any
equivalent National Standard as directed and approved by the Engineer.
Tying wire shall be No.16 gauge soft annealed iron wire or No. 18
gauge stainless steel wire or the equivalent AASHTO specification for
tying wire.
Welded wire fabric shall be used as reinforcement for concrete where
shown on the Drawings and as directed. Welded wire fabric shall
conform to the requirements of AASHTO M55 or to BS 4483.
All reinforcement shall be protected against corrosion with a fusionbonded epoxy coating in accordance with the requirements of ASTM
A775/A775M and BS 7295.
The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining the Engineers

approval to the steel bars prior to coating commencing. Such approval
will in no way relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities under the
Contract.
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The frequency of sampling and method of quality control shall be in

accordance with BS 4449 latest edition.
For steel reinforcement, please refer to clause 4/8 Reinforcing Bars of
Section 4 Concrete Works of DM Roads Dept. General Specification.
The Contractor shall furnish to the Engineer a certificate of compliance
for each shipment of coated steel bars. The certificate of compliance
shall state that representative samples of the coated bars have been
tested and that the test results comply with the requirements of the
Specifications.
3.15.3
Steel reinforcing shall be stored on timber packing clear of the ground.
The steel bars shall be free from sharp deformations, rolled-in silvers,
deep recesses or surface faults/blemishes which could result in
inefficient or inadequate coating. When fixed in the work and
immediately prior to concreting, steel reinforcing shall be entirely free
from loose mill scale, loose rust, oil, grease, paint, mould oil, and all
other deleterious and extraneous material. All hooks, bends, etc., unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings shall be to BS 4466.
Before ordering reinforcing steel, the Contractor shall prepare bar
bending schedules at his own cost and submit them to the Engineer for
his approval. Bar schedules shall show the weight of each bar, the total
weight of each bar size and the total weight of bars, and bending
diagrams for bars in accordance with BS 4466. The length of each bar
shall be calculated in accordance with BS 4466 except that the
minimum internal bending radius shall be four times the bar diameter.
The Contractor shall also provide and submit to the Engineer for
approval any working drawings additional to the Contract Drawings
which may be found necessary for the production of bar bending
schedules or for the completion of the Works.
The Engineers approval of the Contractors working drawings and bar
bending schedules shall in no way relieve the Contractor of
responsibility for the correctness of such drawings or schedules.
Steel reinforcement shall be bent accurately to the shapes and
dimensions shown on the approved bar bending lists or drawings. Bars
shall be bent round mandrels of the requisite diameter.
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Steel reinforcement shall be cut and bent in accordance with BS 4466.

Cutting or bending by the application of heat is not permitted. Welding
of reinforcement shall only be permitted when approved in writing by
the Engineer. If such approval is given then the workmanship shall be in
accordance with BS 5135. The Contractor shall submit full technical
details of his proposed procedures prior to seeking approval.
Hot rolled high yield bars shall not be straightened or bent again, having
once been bent. If the Engineer gives approval to bend mild steel
reinforcement projecting from the concrete, the internal radius of bend
shall not be less than four times the nominal size of the bar.
Links, hoops, stirrups are generally to be bent round pins of the same
diameter as the bars they are to embrace. Where however, such bars are
less in diameter than twice the diameter of the link, the radius of the
bend shall be equal to the diameter of the link.
3.15.3.1
The number, size, form and position of all reinforcement shall, unless
otherwise directed or authorized by the Engineer, be strictly in
accordance with the Drawings. Nothing shall be allowed to interfere
with the disposition of the reinforcing bars. Bars generally must be of
the required lengths. Welding of the bars will not be permitted. Lapping
of the bars other than the lap splices shown on the Drawings should be
avoided. The Engineer may approve certain lappings under special
conditions. All lappings should comply strictly with the AASHTO
specifications, namely Article 1.5.6. Clause "c".
The steel reinforcement shall be firmly held in position by wire ties and
concrete blocks or other approved spacers designed to maintain the
correct clear cover of concrete over steel reinforcement. They shall be
as small as possible consistent with their purpose, and of a shape
acceptable to the Engineer. Minimum cover to reinforcement shall be
50 mm unless otherwise detailed. The position of spacers and their
method of use shall be approved by the Engineer. The steel
reinforcement shall be so connected as to form a rigid cage.
All intersecting bars shall be bound together with No.16 gauge soft iron
wire with the ends of the wire turned into the main body of the concrete.
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3.15.3.2

Concrete distance blocks shall, unless otherwise directed, be used
between the reinforcement and the bottom and sides of the forms to
ensure correct placing and cover of the bars. The strength of such
concrete distance blocks shall be not less than that of the main concrete.
The greatest care shall be taken to prevent any displacement or bending
of the members of the reinforcement adjusted and temporarily fixed in
position before commencement of the concreting. Reinforcement
temporarily left projecting from the concrete at construction of other
joints shall be adequately protected against displacement both during
concreting and afterwards and shall not be bent out of position unless
agreed by the Engineer's Representative. During the concreting
competent steel fixer shall be in attendance to re-set any reinforcement
inadvertently displaced.
3.15.3.3

The Contractor shall in all cases request the approval of the Steelwork
approval and his intention to commence concreting shall not be less than
require a longer period if, in his opinion, the reinforcement is of such
under the Contract.
3.16

Precast concrete kerbs and edgings shall be hydraulically pressed and
they and precast concrete quadrants shall comply with the requirements
of BS 7263: Part 1 and to the dimensions and shapes shown on the
Drawings and/or as directed by the Engineer. They shall be Class B
concrete with sulphate resisting cement as indicated in Clause 3.2.7 of
3/36
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
this Specification. They shall be uniform in colour free from cracks,

flaws or other defects with well defined arises.
The kerbstones shall be 900 mm long or as directed by the Engineer's
Representative. Samples of kerbstones proposed to be used shall be
submitted to the Engineer for his approval prior to order or manufacture.
Kerbstones shall not be used before they have been inspected and
approved by the Engineer. They shall be fully cured when delivered to
site (28 days min.).
Kerbstones shall be laid on concrete Class C bedded on 1:3 sand cement
mortar as specified and/or as directed by the Engineer. All kerbstones
shall be well bedded and settled in place true to line and level with a
suitable wooden mould. Before kerbstones shall be approved it should
be ensured that their top surfaces are in a uniform plane and their front
faces are in correct alignment. Any kerbstones not satisfying these
requirements or having cracked or broken arises or faces shall be
removed and replaced or reset as instructed by the Engineer.
Joints between kerbstones shall be not less than 3 mm nor greater than 5
mm in width and shall be uniform from top to bottom. Joints shall be
left open.
Where precast kerbs of straight section are laid to form radii, joints
should be filled with non-shrinkage mortar, and expansion joints (using
flexel or similar joint filler) shall be provided at 3 m centres. For radii of
10 m or less quadrants shall be used. Kerbs of a reduced size shall only
be used for this condition where approved by the Engineer.
Tolerance in top level of kerbstones and horizontal alignment shall be
3 mm.
All kerbstones shall be painted alternately black and white. The paint
shall be an approved concrete paint giving a nominal thickness of 100
microns in two applied coats.
Tranverse strength and Water Absorption shall be in accordance with
BS 7263 : Part 1.
3.17
IN-SITU CONCRETE EDGING
3/37
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
In-Situ concrete edge strips shall be to the cross section shown on the
drawings and the class of concrete made with sulphate resisting cement
indicated thereon in accordance with Clause 3.2 of this Specification.
The edge strip shall be formed in as long lengths as possible and the
form work shall be set on the top surface of the sub-base, set to produce
the line and level in accordance with the requirements of this
Specification. Care must be taken to ensure that the top surface is
carefully finished to achieve these requirements and to provide the
control of the wearing course. Expansion joints will be provided with an
approved joint filler at maximum 3 m centres as shown on the drawing
and/or as directed by the Engineer. The kerb shall be protected against
covering or splashing by bitumen or cement.
3/38
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.1
GENERAL
The prevailing standard for all concrete work shall be BS 8110 and such
amendments as shall be approved by the Engineer in accordance with the
CIRIA Guide to Concrete Construction in the Gulf Region.
Concrete work shall consist of furnishing all materials and constructing
structures of the forms, shapes and dimensions shown on the Drawings or
as directed, using Portland Cement concrete, in accordance with the
details shown on the Drawings and these Specifications.
Portland Cement concrete shall consist of a mixture of Portland Cement,
fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and additives when required. The
mixture shall be proportioned, mixed, placed and cured in accordance
with the requirements of BS 8110: Part 1. Where an additional clause
conflicts or is inconsistent with the requirements of BS 8110 the
additional clause shall always prevail. The concrete mixes shall be
designed mixes for special or ordinary concrete as defined in BS 8110,
the design requirements of which are laid down in this Specification.
3.2
MATERIALS
3.2.1
Cement
3.2.1.1
General
Only Sulphate Resisting Cement as specified in Clause 3.2.1.3 shall be
used unless otherwise directed.
Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer all cements shall comply
with the following requirements:-
The acid soluble alkali level measured as Na2O + 0.658 K2O

shall not exceed 0.6% by weight determined by the test method
described in BS EN196-21.
The specific surface (fineness) shall not be greater than 325

m2/Kg and not less than 225 m2/Kg when tested as described in
BS EN196-6.
3/1
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
The cement shall be of approved manufacture and shall be delivered in

bags with seals unbroken, or delivered in bulk in approved containers
which shall bear the manufacturers name, cement type and the date of
manufacture. Test certificates from the manufacturers or suppliers shall
be submitted for each consignment and shall indicate the results of the
tests for compressive strength, setting time, soundness and fineness
carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant BS or
ASTM standards. Further tests may be required by the Engineer after the
cement is delivered and stored on the site. The failure of any sample to
satisfy the BS or ASTM requirements shall entitle the Engineer to reject
the entire consignment from which it was taken.
Cement shall be stored immediately upon receipt at site in such a way to
keep it away from water and moisture at all times. The Contractor shall
provide a method statement for the storage of cement which shall be
approved and implemented before any cement is delivered to site.
Consignments shall be used in the order in which they were delivered.
Any consignment not used within 2 months from the date of manufacture
will not be allowed to be used in the Works.
No cement from any consignment shall be used in Permanent Works
without the approval of the Engineer. Cement which the Engineer
considers to have deteriorated in any way shall not be used and shall be
removed from site without delay.
One brand only of cement as approved by the Engineer shall be used
throughout the Works unless otherwise authorised by the Engineer in
writing. Differing types of brands shall not be mixed together for use in
the Works.
3.2.1.2

Ordinary portland cement (OPC) shall comply with BS 12 or ASTM
C150 Type 1. The tricalcium aluminate content shall lie within the range
of 4% to 13%. The heat of hydration shall not exceed 290 Kj/Kg at 7
days when tested in accordance with ASTM C186.
3/2
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.2.1.3

Sulphate resisting cement (SRC) shall comply with BS 4027 or ASTM
C150 Type 5. The heat of hydration shall not exceed 290 Kj/Kg at 7 days
when tested in accordance with ASTM C186. The strength class shall be
ASTM Type V with average compressive strength (N/mm2) for mortar
cubes of 15 and 20 at 7 and 28 days respectively.
3.2.1.4

Moderate sulphate resisting cement (MSRC) shall comply with ASTM
C150 Type 2 but containing not less than 4% and not more than 8%
proportion by weight of tricalcium aluminate. In either case the cement
shall not contain more than 2.7% proportion by weight of sulphur trioxide.
3.2.2

Fine aggregate for concrete shall consist of natural screened and washed
sand or crushed sand having hard and durable particles, or of other inert
materials with similar characteristics. It shall not contain harmful material
such as salts, clay lumps, tree roots, shale, iron pyrites, coal, mica, organic
matter or any deleterious matter which may attack the reinforcement, in
such a form or in sufficient quantity to affect adversely the strength and
durability of the concrete. If necessary, the aggregate shall be washed and
sieved to remove the deleterious substances. Beach sand shall not be
permitted for use in concrete mixes.
The fine aggregate shall comply in all respects with the requirements of
BS 882 and shall also comply with Dubai Municipality Administrative
Order No. 143/91. In addition to the above, fine aggregate for concrete
shall meet the requirements in Table 3-1.
3/3
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Table 3-1. Limits for Properties of Fine Aggregates for Concrete

Type
Test Method
Permissible Limits
Particles
3. Organic Impurities
ASTM C88
Max. 12%
ASTM C142
Max. 1% by weight
ASTM C40
Lighter
standard
Max. 3%
4. Material Finer than

ASTM C117
0.075 mm
5. Acid Soluble Chlorides BS 812: Part 117
(Cl)
For reinforced
made with:
SRC
OPC & MSRC
concrete
Max. 0.03%
Max. 0.03%

with:
SRC
OPC & MSRC
Max. 0.03%
Max. 0.03%
Max. 0.03%
For prestressed concrete

and
concrete
6. Acid Soluble Sulphates BS 812: Part 118
(SO3)
ASTM C128
Max. 0.3% by
weight of fine
aggregate
Max. 2.3%
Gravity
ASTM C128
Min. 2.6
9. Sand Equivalent (when

aggregate
other
than
natural sand is approved)
ASTM D2419
Min. 75
7. Water Absorption
8. Specific
(apparent)
3/4
than
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Fine aggregate of fine grading (BS 882) shall not be used. Fine
aggregate shall conform to one of the gradings given in Table 3-2
(reproduced from BS 882).
Table 3-2. Grading of Fine Aggregate for Concrete
BS 410
Test Sieve
(mm)
Coarse
Medium
10
5
2.36
1.18
0.60
0.30
0.15
3.2.3
100
100
60 - 100
30 - 90
15 - 54
5 - 40
0 - 15
100
100
65 - 100
45 - 100
25 - 80
5 - 48
0 - 15

Coarse aggregate for concrete shall consist of natural gravel, crushed
gravel, or crushed stone, free from coating of clay or other deleterious
substances. It shall not contain harmful materials such as salts, iron
pyrites, coal, mica, laminated materials, tree roots, shale, or any
materials which may attack the reinforcement, in such a form or in
sufficient quantity to affect adversely the strength and durability of the
concrete. If necessary, coarse aggregate shall be washed to remove
deleterious substances.
The coarse aggregate shall comply in all respect with the requirements
of BS 882. The coarse aggregate shall also fulfill the requirements in
Table 3-3.
Table 3-3. Limits for Properties of Coarse Aggregate for Concrete

3/5
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Type
Test Method
1. Flakiness Index
2. Elongation Index
3. Ten Percent Fines Value or
Impact Value
4. Los Angeles Abrasion
5. Shell content
Particles
8. Material Finer than 0.075
mm
9. Acid Soluble Chlorides (Cl)
BS 812: Part 105

BS 812: Part 105
BS 812: Part 111
BS 812: Part 112
ASTM
C131/C535
BS 812: Part 106
ASTM C88
ASTM C142
ASTM C117
Permissible
Limits
Max. 25
Max. 25
Min. 100KN
Max. 30%
Max. 30%
Max. 3% by
weight
Max. 12%
Max. 1% by
weight
Max. 1%
BS 812: Part 117
For reinforced concrete made

with :
SRC
OPC & MSRC
Max. 0.01%
Max. 0.02%

with:
SRC
OPC & MSRC
Max. 0.02%
Max. 0.04%
Max. 0.01%
For prestressed concrete and

concrete
10. Acid Soluble Sulphates
(SO3)
BS 812: Part 118
11. Water Absorption

12. Specific Gravity (apparent)
13. Drying Shrinkage
ASTM C127
ASTM C127
BS 812: Part 120
3/6
Max. 0.3% by
weight of
coarse
Aggregate
Max. 2%
Min. 2.6
Max. 0.05%
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
The coarse aggregate shall conform to the gradings given in Table 3-4
in accordance with the nominal size of aggregate specified (reproduced
from BS 882).
Table 3-4. Gradings of Single Size for Coarse Aggregate
Sieve
Size
for Nominal Sizes
(mm)
40 mm
20 mm
14 mm
10 mm
50
100
37.5
85 - 100
100
20.0
0 - 25
85 - 100
100
14.0
85 100
100
10.0
0-5
0 - 25
0 50
85 - 100
5.0
0-5
0 10
0 - 25
2.36
0-5
3.2.4
Combined Aggregate
Approved coarse aggregate and fine aggregate in each batch of concrete
shall be combined in proportions as specified in BS 882 and as
approved by the Engineer. However, in no case shall materials passing
the 0.075 mm sieve exceed three (3) percent by weight of the combined
aggregate.
The combined concrete aggregate gradation used in the work shall be as
specified, except when otherwise approved or directed by the Engineer.
Changes from one gradation to another shall not be made during the
progress of the work unless approved by the Engineer.
Naturally occuring sand/gravel mixtures (all in aggregates) shall not be
used unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
3.2.5
Water
3.2.5.1
General
be fresh, clean and substantially free from oil, acids, alkali, sewage,
deleterious mineral or organic matter. Water shall comply in all respects
with BS 3148. It shall not contain impurities in sufficient amounts to
cause discoloration of the concrete.
3/7
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
All sources of water for use with cement shall be approved by the
Engineer.
Sources of water shall be maintained at such depth and the water shall
be withdrawn in such a manner as to exclude silt, mud, grass and other
foreign matter. If at any time during construction the water from an
approved source becomes unsatisfactory, the Contractor will be required
to provide satisfactory water from some other source.
3.2.5.2
be tested in accordance with BS and ASTM standards and shall meet the
following requirements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Table 3-5. Chemical Limitations for Mixing Water

Parameter
Maximum
Test Method
Concentration
Limit
Chlorides as C1
250 mg/l
ASTM D512
Sulphates as SO3
350 mg/l
ASTM D516
Alkali carbonates and
bicarbonates
500 mg/l
ASTM D513
Total dissolved ions,
including 1, 2 & 3 above
2,000 mg/l
BS 1377: Part 3
pH
Min. 7/max. 9
ASTM D1293
The temperature of water for concrete should not be less than 5 C nor
more than 25C. Water may be cooled to not less than 5C by the
gradual addition of chilled water or ice but on mixing, no ice particles
should be present in the mix. Alternatively, flaked ice may be used. The
ice to be used should be crushed and should be the product of frozen
water which complies with the above requirements.
3.2.6
Admixtures
Unless agreed by the Engineer neither admixtures nor cements
containing additives shall be used.
3/8
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Where the use of admixture had been agreed by the Engineer, they shall
conform to the requirements of Type A, Type D, Type F or Type G as
specified in ASTM C494 and shall be used in strict accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
The Contractor shall be entirely
responsible for the use of any approved admixtures.
Samples of proposed admixtures shall, if required, be submitted to an
approved testing authority by the Contractor in order to ascertain its
suitability for use in the Works.
Approved methods and equipment shall be used for dispensing and
incorporating the admixture into the concrete. The dispensing unit shall
be designed so that the discharge of the admixture is visible.
The cost of such admixtures shall be included in the cost of concrete and
no extra payment shall be made if they are used. The proportions of
cement, fine aggregate and water shall be determined by the Contractor
before concreting commences and submitted together with such test
results as may be required to the Engineer for approval and the
Contractor shall not commence concreting before such approval is given
nor shall he alter or vary in any way the proportion of mix unless he
submits fresh test results and mix proportions to the Engineer for
approval.
The approval by the Engineer of such mix designs does not in any way
absolve the Contractor of any of the requirements of the Specifications.
3.2.7

The classes of concrete and their respective minimum cement content,
consistencies and the minimum required compressive strengths shall be
as shown:
3/9
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Table 3-6. Concrete Classification and Mixes

Comp. Strength Slump Min.Ceme
Max. Free
2
(N/mm )
(mm)
nt Content Water/Ceme
Class of
(kg/m3)
nt Ratio
Concrete
7 days
28
days
A
20
30
25 - 75
310
0.55
(30/20/SRC)
B
16
25
25 - 75
275
0.60
(25/20/SRC)
C
10
15
25 250
0.65
(15/20/SRC)
100
The chloride and sulphate levels in the concrete mix shall comply with
the requirements of Table 3-7.
Table 3-7. Maximum Limits of Chloride & Sulphate in Concrete Mix
Chlorides as
Sulphate as
Type of Concrete
C1* (According
SO3*
to BS 1881:Part (According to
BS 1881:Part
124)
124)
a. For reinforced concrete
0.30%
3.70%
if made with SRC
0.06%
3.70%
b. For mass concrete
0.60%
3.70%
if made with SRC
0.12%
3.70%
0.10%
3.70%
c. For prestressed concrete and
concrete
*Maximum limits of chloride and sulphate content as a percentage by
weight of cement in the mix.
3/10
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
The OPC and MSRC cements can also contain chlorides, the relevant
standard BS 12 allows up to 0.1% C1. Therefore any chloride content
present in the cement has to be taken into account while computing total
C1 in the mix. In case the cement contains the maximum limit of 0.1%
Cl, then the aggregates, water and admixtures used for prestressed
concrete or heat-cured reinforced concrete should be absolutely free of
chlorides.
3.2.8

Unless otherwise specified, mortars and grouts shall be composed of
Ordinary Portland Cement (satisfying Clause 3.2.1) and sand (satisfying
Clause 3.2.2) in the following proportions:NOMINAL PROPORTIONS
Quality
Portland Cement
G1
G2
G3
1
1
1
Sand
1
2
3
The amount of water (satisfying Clause 3.2.5) added shall just be

sufficient to make the mortar or grout workable consistent with its
purpose.
3.3
MIXING AND TESTING
3.3.1
Before any material from a particular source is used, the Contractor
shall obtain representative samples of fine and coarse aggregates and
carry out the necessary tests and analyses to show that the samples
comply with the Specification. During the progress of the Works, the
grading and chemical characteristics may be checked at frequent
intervals. Sampling of aggregates shall be carried out in accordance with
BS 812: Part 101 and Part 102.
3/11
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
The results of these tests shall be submitted to the Engineer and his
approval shall be obtained before any of the material is used in the
Works. Part of each sample will be required for concrete trial mixes and
part shall be retained for comparison with subsequent deliveries.
No deliveries in bulk are to be commenced until such samples are
approved by the Engineer as complying with this Specification.
3.3.2

Following the Engineer's approval of the materials for each class of
concrete, the Contractor shall prepare trial mix of each grade of concrete
in the presence of the Engineer's Representative. Each trial mix shall
comprise not less than 1/3 of a cubic metre of concrete and shall be
mixed in an approved type of concrete mixer similar to that which the
Contractor propose to employ on the Works. The quantities of all
ingredients of trial mix including water shall be carefully determined by
weight according to the approved mix design. Each trial mix shall show
no tendency to segregate when handled and compacted by the methods
by which the Contractor proposes to handle and compact the grade of
concrete in the Works and it shall be capable of adequate compaction by
such methods.
3.3.3
Water/Cement Ratio
The quantity of water to be added to the cement and aggregates during
mixing shall be just sufficient to produce a workable mix to enable it to
be well compacted and worked into corners of formwork and around
reinforcement. All mixes shall be designed in respect of the
proportioning of water so that the Slump Test as carried out according
to BS 1881: Part 102 shall be in accordance with the requirements laid
out in Clause 3.2.7. Measurement of water on the Site shall take into
account the moisture present in the aggregates, and Slump Tests shall be
taken frequently to ensure that variations in the moisture content of the
aggregate are fully taken into account in determining the amount of
water to be added.
3.3.4
The aggregates for the concrete shall be measured by weight but
measurement by volume may be allowed in special circumstances with
the approval of the Engineer.
3/12
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
When the aggregates are to be measured by weight the weight batching

machines shall be of a type approved by the Engineer's Representative.
They shall be kept clean and in good condition and adjustment. At
intervals as the Engineer's Representative may require, the Contractor
shall check the accuracy of each weight-batching machine.
When the aggregates are to be measured by volume, the proportions of
fine and coarse aggregates shall be measured in well constructed gauge
boxes, of dimensions approved by the Engineer's Representative to
guarantee that whole multiples of such gauge boxes will ensure the use
of one more whole bags or containers of cement and the capacity of the
concrete mixer shall be such as to ensure that no splitting of cement
bags or containers is required. Gauge boxes shall be properly filled and
struck off level, addition of fine aggregates to allow for bulking due to
moisture content being made as required.
An efficient water measuring device shall be fitted to each concrete
mixer.
Any cement container shall be such as to contain an accurately weighed
amount of cement.
3.3.5
Mixing Concrete
The concrete shall be mixed in a power driven machine of the batch
type, no hand mixing being allowed. The mixer shall be large enough to
admit the use of 1cement bag or container or whole multiples of bags or
containers at a time. The mixing shall continue until there is a thorough
distribution of the materials and the mass is uniform in consistency and
colour. The period of mixing, judged from the time that all the
ingredients including water are in the mixing drum shall be as ordered
by the Engineer's Representative but shall not be less than 2 minutes or
20 revolutions of the drum whichever is the longer. Should there be for
any reason a stoppage of greater than 30 minutes, the drum or other
containers of the mixer shall be thoroughly washed and cleaned before
mixing is resumed. On completion of the mixing the concrete shall be
discharged onto clean boards or into clean barrows. The method of
discharge from the mixer shall be such as to cause no segregation
whether partial or otherwise of the concrete materials.
3/13
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.3.6
Re-Mixing Concrete
Concrete which has commenced to set shall not be remixed either with
or without additional water and in no case shall such concrete be used in
the Works.
3.3.7
Concrete Testing
3.3.7.1
General
The compression tests shall be performed on cubes 150 x 150 x 150 mm
as described in BS1881: Part 116. Sampling, making test cubes and
curing of cubes shall be in accordance with BS 1881: Parts 101, 108 and
111 respectively.
The following methods of testing shall apply to standard concrete cubes.
3.3.7.2
Preliminary Testing
After the materials have been approved and at least 10 days before any
concrete is poured, the Contractor shall make 3 Nos. preliminary sets of
test cubes. Each set of test cubes shall comprise of three cubes made
from a single sample of concrete taken from the point of final discharge
of the wet concrete. Each cube shall be made under the Engineer's
Representative supervision. Cubes shall be tested as follows: one set
shall be tested 7 days after the date of manufacture and one set 28 days
after the date of manufacture. The third set will only be tested if the
Engineer's Representative wishes to check the results of the tests on
either of the other two cubes and shall otherwise be preserved by the
Contractor until the end of the Period of Maintenance. Preliminary test
cubes shall be made and tested for all grades of concrete and for all
proposed variations of quality, quantity or origin of the aggregates and
cement.
Should any of the test cubes crushed at 7 days or that crushed at 28 days
fall below the specified requirements and the failure is confirmed by the
testing of the third set, the Contractor shall, on the Engineer's
Representative's instructions alter the mix design and/or the source of
aggregates, cement or water and/or the method of mixing including
alteration of the type of mixer. The compressive strength of the concrete
cube at 7 days shall be equal to or more than two thirds the required
compressive strength at 28 days.
3/14
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.3.7.3
Works Testing
During the course of the construction of the Works, the Contractor shall
make test cubes as required by the Engineer's Representative. One set of
six cubes will normally be taken from each individual concrete member,
e.g. culvert invert, Irish crossings, but additional cubes shall be taken as
directed by the Engineer's Representative. Three cubes will be tested at
7 days and three cubes at 28 days as the Engineer's Representative
directs. Where the strength of the concrete is shown to be below that
specified, the Contractor shall remove and replace at his own expense
all concrete from the concerned pour. The Engineer may require the
Contractor to cut out defective concrete from the Works at his own
expense even though test cubes made from that concrete have not failed.
Durability tests of hardened concrete shall be carried out in addition to
Splitting Tensile Test, Water Absorption Test, ISAT and Depth of
Water Penetration test.
3.3.7.4
Workability Testing
The Contractor shall carry out slump test in accordance with BS 1881:
Part 102 and/or compacting factor test in accordance with BS 1881: Part
103 at such frequency as the Engineer's Representative considers
necessary to ensure that the workability and consistency of the concrete
is maintained in accordance with the specified mix or accepted mix
design and the trial mix. But in any case workability tests shall be
carried out at least once every two hours during which concrete is being
mixed.
3.3.8

During the mixing and casting of concrete the frequency of testing for
control purposes shall be as indicated in Table 3-8 or as directed by the
Engineer's Representative. No direct payment is made for testing. The
price of this work is to be included in the bid prices of concrete.
3/15
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
Table 3-8. Required Frequency of Testing Aggregates & Concrete

Type of Test
Frequency
Grading of Fine and Coarse
Aggregate; Flakiness and
Elongation Index; Aggregate
Crushing Value
Once for each source prior to

approval and once prior to casting
of each lift for any major concrete
structure or as directed by the
Engineer
Concrete Cube
One set (Min. 6 Cubes) from each

mixer for class of concrete and at
10m3. The point of sampling of
fresh concrete shall be at delivery
into the construction unless
Each set of cubes shall be made
from a separate batch.
Compacting Factor Test

Transverse Strength (as per BS
7263 : Part 1)
Absorption Requirement(1)
(as per BS 1881: Part 122)
Slump Test
Once every hour from each mixer

Mix Design
Once for each source of aggregate

or every combination of sources or
as directed by the Engineer.
Portland Cement
One 2 Kg sample for quality test
shall be taken from each 1,700 bags
or equivalent weight. Sampling of
cement shall be as per BS EN-7
Water
A one gallon sample shall be
obtained prior to use from, each
source and at least every week for
quality testing.
Note: (1) Maximum 2% after 30 minutes
3/16
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
3.4
3.4.1
Concrete shall be taken from the place of mixing to the place of
depositing by approved methods which will prevent the segregation or
loss of the ingredients and which are sufficiently rapid to ensure that the
concrete does not commence to set before it is compacted in position.
The concrete shall be deposited as near as possible to its final position
in the Works and shall not be allowed to flow into position. Deposition
of the concrete through chutes shall not be permitted and neither shall
the concrete be dropped freely from a height exceeding 2.0 m. Pumping
concrete through delivery pipes may be permitted but only with the
prior approval of the Engineer's Representative.
No concrete shall be placed in a foundation until the extent of
excavation and the character of bearing material have been approved
and no concrete shall be placed in any structure until the placement of
reinforcing steel and the adequacy of the forms and falsework have been
approved.
The concrete shall be placed in its final positions as soon as possible
after it has been mixed, and in any case before the initial set has taken
place. The Contractor shall ensure that concrete which has already been
placed in position and commenced to set is not disturbed by the placing
or compaction of further concrete nearby. All concrete shall be carefully
worked around and between reinforcement and all other embedded
fittings without such reinforcement or fittings being disturbed. Concrete
is to be worked well up against whatever surface it joints.
No concrete shall be mixed or placed when the light is insufficient,
unless an adequate and approved artificial lighting system is operated
and such night work is approved by the Engineer.
3.4.2

Concrete shall only be placed where the general requirements iin regard
to ambient and mix temperatures laid down in the CIRIA Guide to
Concrete Construction in the Gulf Region are met. The parameters laid
down therein shall only be exceeded with the prior written consent of
the Engineer.
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Concrete shall not be placed when the shade air temperature exceeds
40 C or during periods of windblown dust or rain.
The temperature of batched concrete at time of placing shall not exceed
32C unless otherwise specified.
Measures shall be taken to provide cool concrete and cool concreting
conditions in order to reduce workability loss, premature drying of
concrete and the development of high temperatures and temperature
gradients in placed concrete.
Proposed measures must be described in method statements and may
include:(a) Painting white or silver all storage vessels, hoppers, pipes, walls or
roofs which contain or convey aggregates, cement or mixing water.
(b) Dampening the forms.
(c) Reducing the concrete temperature to the lowest practical level by
procedures such as :-
Shading the aggregate.

Cooling the mixing water before use.
Screening the mixing plant and transporting vehicles from
wind, rain and sun.
(d) Erecting wind breaks and sunshades at the concrete placing

location.
(e) Reducing the time between the placing of the concrete and the start
of curing to the minimum possible.
(f) Minimizing evaporation (particularly during the first few hours
subsequent to placing the concrete) by suitable means such as
applying moisture by fog spraying.
These measures are in addition to those specified for the curing of
concrete.
In contracts which small structures spread over a large site, such as
sewerage contracts, where transportation times could be large, dry
mixing of concrete with addition of water immediately prior to placing
may be proposed. Method statements for such a proposal must describe
methods for accurate batching of water.
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3.4.3

Tremie concrete shall be deposited in water only if specified on the
Drawings and/or directed by the Engineer and under the Engineer's
supervision. Concrete to be deposited in water shall have the cement
content increased by 25% at the Contractor's expense. Concrete shall be
carefully placed in a compact mass in the space in which it is to remain
by means of a tremie bottom dump bucket or other approved method
that does not permit the concrete to fall through the water without
adequate protection. The concrete shall not be disturbed after being
deposited. No concrete shall be placed in flowing water and forms
which are not reasonably watertight shall not be used for holding
concrete deposited under water.
3.4.4
Blinding Concrete
Prior to placing any concrete on natural surfaces a blinding layer of
Class C concrete shall be laid to a minimum of 75 mm thickness. This
blinding shall be suitably curved prior to subsequent concrete
placement. The blinding shall be clean and free from any dust or impurities prior to subsequent concrete placement.
3.5
COMPACTING CONCRETE
3.5.1
Tamping
All concrete shall be thoroughly compacted to the maximum with
approved rammers without any segregation in its final position before it
commences to set. Care shall be taken to ensure that the use of spade
type rammers does not cause segregation of the aggregates and water.
Initial compaction of slabs shall be with approved rammers and
compaction by a screed board shall be limited to that required for the
final shape and finish. During the placing and compaction of reinforced
concrete, a competent steel mixer shall be in attendance to adjust and
correct if necessary the position of the reinforcement.
3.5.2
Vibrating
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Concrete shall be compacted by vibrating with an approved vibrator.

The vibrators shall not be attached to any reinforcement or embedded
fitting and where vibrators of the immersion type are used, care shall be
taken to ensure that they do not come into contact with the
reinforcement or embedded fittings. Freshly placed concrete shall not be
vibrated in a manner likely to cause damage to concrete in other parts of
the Works which has already taken its initial set. Concrete shall not be
vibrated in such a manner and to such an extent as to cause segregation
of the constituent materials. If shutter type vibrators are used they shall
be augumented by immersion type vibrators if the thickness of the
concrete member is more than 15 centimetres.
3.6
CURING OF CONCRETE
All concrete shall be protected from the harmful effects of sunshine,
drying winds, rain, flowing water, or other adverse effect. For at least 7
days after placing, the concrete shall be prevented from drying out by
being sprayed with fresh clean water and covered with hessian, clean
sand or other approved material which shall be kept wet.
Whenever approved by the Engineer, membrane curing of concrete with
an approved liquid may be used as an alternative to curing with water
except that membrane curing liquid shall not be applied to surfaces of
concrete from which the shuttering has been struck, until the concrete
has been inspected and approved by the Engineer's Representative.
The concrete curing compound shall comply with the following
requirements:
1) Only products which have been proved to be effective through
extensive use shall be proposed and manufacturers literature shall
include recent test certificates illustrating effective quality control
and high curing efficiencies.
2) All materials shall be supplied in the containers marked by the
manufacturer with his name, date of manufacture, shelf life, pot life
and instructions for handling and application.
3) The liquid shall contain a white or silver colour pigment in
sufficient quantity to give a uniform colour when applied to the
concrete surface.
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4) The liquid shall be of such chemical composition and consistency

that it can be applied by an approved mechanical sprayer in fine
spray to produce an even, uniform, impervious, continuous film
within one hour of application which will not crack, peel or
disintegrate within three weeks of application.
The compound shall not be poisonous, odorous or explosive and
shall not react chemically with cement.
5) Curing compounds shall not be applied to surfaces to which further
concrete or a surface finish is subsequently to be bonded unless the
approval of the Engineer is obtained to the use of a water soluble
type.
The Contractor shall ensure that all concrete is adequately protected
against inclement weather until properly set and shall if necessary
provide additional protection to that specified above.
3.7
JOINTS IN CONCRETE
3.7.1
Intervals During Concreting

The timetable for the depositing of concrete between construction joints
should be so arranged that no face of concrete shall be left for more than
20 minutes before fresh concrete is deposited against it. Pauses for
meals, servicing of machines, changes of shift, etc., and the distribution
of concrete among the positions where work may be proceeding
simultaneously must be carefully organized to ensure that the above
mentioned interval shall not be exceeded.
3.7.2
Construction Joints
Construction joints shall be as shown on the Drawings or as directed by
the Engineer's Representative. If the Contractor wishes to make
additional construction joints he shall obtain the prior approval of the
Engineer's Representative. Such approval may include the provision and
placing of additional reinforcement at the Contractor's expense.
Construction joints shall be formed by inserting temporary vertical
stopping-off boards to form tongue and groove joint with the concrete
placed subsequently except if separately detailed on the Drawings.
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings construction joints shall be
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located as near as possible to the position of minimum shear and tensile

stress in the concrete.
3.7.3

At a construction joint, the face of the previously placed concrete shall
be cleaned of any skin or laitance or loose material by brushing with a
wire brush or other approved method and washing with clean water.
Insecurely held aggregate shall be removed. Excess water shall be
removed and the surface while still wet shall be covered with 1:2
cement mortar which must be vigorously stippled into the surface by
means of a suitable stiff brush, the depositing of the fresh concrete
following closely.
3.7.4
Expansion Joints
Expansion joints shall be constructed at positions shown on the
Drawings or as directed by the Engineer and shall be formed according
to the instruction and dimensions shown on the Drawings.
Filled expansion joints shall be provided at every 6 m or as shown in
the drawings and/or directed by the Engineer for the kerb and concrete
backing. Any excavated surface for the concrete bedding should be
watered and compacted to a minimum 95% of optimum density.
3.7.5

Expansion joint filler shall be composed of approved durable
non-extruding fibrous material suitably impregnated to prevent
deterioration. Sheet bitumen fillers will not be accepted. Preformed
strips of expansion joint filler shall be of such a nature as not to be
permanently deformed or broken by twisting, bending or other normal
handling on site. Samples shall be submitted for approval before
ordering. The vertical expansion joints in kerbs and parapets shall be
formed with approved vertical seal. Such vertical seal shall adhere to the
vertical face sealed and shall not flow under maximum local sun
temperature nor shall it be sticky to the touch.
1) Expansion joints for precast upstand kerbs shall be at 6 m.
2) For flush kerbs cast in-situ, at 2 m max.
3) For precast slabs, every 4 m min.
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3.7.6

The sealing compound shall be of an approved polysulphide compound,
non-pouring grade for vertical application and pouring grade for
horizontal application, as specified in Clause 9.2.1.2 (1) or it may be a
rubber-bitumen compound.
The rubber-bitumen compound shall be a flexible weather resistant seal,
slump resistant unaffected by permanent immersion in water, or by
alkalis or sulphates. The material shall have a minimum storage life of
12 months in original containers stored in cool dry conditions and a
density of 1.30 kg/litre.
The sealing compound shall adhere firmly to the concrete in all weather
conditions. The sealing compound shall not flow either along or down
the joint during hot weather. The sealing compound shall be durable and
shall not weather beyond the forming of a thin surface skin.
Samples shall be submitted for approval before ordering. Vertical sealer
shall be used with an approved priming compound. Application of the
sealing compound shall be strictly in accordance with the
Manufacturer's instructions.
3.7.7

Seepage of water through any joints in a water retaining or water
excluding concrete structure shall be prevented by the use of PVC
Waterstop or other material as directed and approved by the Engineer.
They shall be placed centrally as a water barrier across the designated
joint in in-situ concrete structures and cast centrally into the edges of
adjacent concrete components.
Waterstop shall be used at all Expansion and Contraction Joints in
concrete structures below water table. For a Construction Joint,
requirement of a waterstop shall be indicated in the drawing. The
Engineer may also require the Contractor to provide waterstop at any
additional Construction Joint approved at his request.
Waterstop shall be extruded from high grade grey PVC Compound. Flat
Dumbell plain web waterstop shall be used for a Construction Joint
while for an Expansion Joint or a Contraction Joint, a centre bulb
waterstop shall be used. The width of the waterstop shall depend upon
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the concrete thickness, the aggregate size and the position of

reinforcement. In general, the following shall be taken as a guide to
select the width, w, of a waterstop:w < t, but w > (6a+j)
where,
t = concrete thickness
a = largest aggregate size
j = width of Expansion Joint
The following Technical Data shall apply :
3.8
Hardness
: 42 - 52 BS Softness degrees at 25 C.
Tensile strength
: 13.8 N/mm2 minimum at 25 C.
Elongation at break
: 285 % minimum at 25 C.
The Contractor shall not proceed with the surface finish or making good
of concrete surfaces until he has received the Engineer's
Representative's permission to do so and he shall not apply cement
slurry or mortar or any other coating to the concrete surfaces from
which the shuttering has been struck until the concrete has been
inspected and approved by the Engineer's Representative.
3.9

The Contractor shall on the written instruction of the Engineer's
Representative remove and reconstruct any such portion of the work
which in the opinion of the Engineer's Representative is unsatisfactory
as regards quality of concrete, incorrect dimension of the cast portion,
badly placed or insufficient reinforcement, honeycombing or other such
cause as shall render the construction not up to the standard required
and which in the opinion of the Engineer may affect the strength or
durability of the construction.
3.10
REPAIRS TO CONCRETE
The method of repairing and replacing defective concrete which the
Contractor proposes to adopt shall be submitted to the Engineer's
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Representative for prior approval and the repair shall be carried out in
such manner as the Engineer may direct or approve.
3.11

Throughout the progress of the concrete work the Contractor shall
employ and provide such supervision as is necessary to ensure
3.12
(a)
the day to day control of the quality of the concrete and
(b)
the mixing, transporting, placing, compacting, curing and

protection of the concrete, and
(c)
the carrying out of all testing as specified herein and any further
testing which the Engineer's Representative may require, and
(d)
the conducting of investigations as the Engineer's Representative

may require, and
(e)
the preparation of reports and the keeping of such records as the

Engineer's Representative may require.
All concrete surfaces (except top faces of culvert decks) not requiring
shuttering shall be trowelled to a smooth dense surface with the
minimum of cement and fine particles being brought to the surface and
shall be free from irregularities. Top faces of culvert decks shall be
carefully screeded and tamped to the required shape and to a dense
surface with the minimum amount of cement and fine particles being
brought to the surface and should be free from irregularities greater than
3 mm in height or depth.
Shuttered surfaces of concrete which will always be in contact with the
ground may be cast against sawn timber. All other exposed shuttered
surfaces including precast concrete shall be cast against steel, plywood
or planed timber formwork and shall be carefully rubbed down with
carborundum to remove all imperfections and irregularities. Surfaces
which are honeycombed, porous or irregular and which in the opinion of
the Engineer's Representative do not comply with the Specification shall
be cut out and replaced with sound concrete as directed by the
Engineer's Representative. The cost of all normal surface finishes and
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making good shall be deemed to be included in the tendered rate for the
concrete.
3.13
3.13.1
General
Formwork shall in every respect be adapted to the structure and the
required surface finish of the concrete. It shall include all temporary
moulds for forming the concrete to the required shape and finish and for
the support of such moulds. It shall be fixed in perfect alignment and
securely ledged and braced so as to be able to withstand, without
displacement deflection or movement of any kind, the weight of the
construction and the movement of persons materials and plant. Joints
shall be close enough to prevent the leakage of liquid and fine materials
from the concrete.
The Engineer's Representative may at any time require the prior
submission for approval of the Contractor's proposals for design and
construction of formwork including supports. The formwork shall be
constructed so as to permit its removal without damage to the concrete.
3.13.2

Internal spacing blocks and construction ties shall be avoided as far as,
in the Engineer's Representative opinion, possible and practicable.
Where it is intended that the spacing blocks or construction ties shall be
removed whether before or after the concrete has set, the making good
of the concrete shall be subject to the Engineer's Representative's
approval. The removal of the blocks or ties must not jeopardise the
stability of the construction. If, with the approval of the Engineer's
Representative, the spacing blocks and construction ties are allowed to
remain in the concrete then they shall be of such material and of such
quality that they do not prejudice the strength of the work. Concrete
spacing blocks shall be made of concrete at least equal in quality to the
main concrete. Metal ties shall be positioned such that they do not come
into contact with any of the reinforcement or fittings and no part of the
tie shall be permanently embedded in the concrete nearer than 5 cm to
the exterior surface of the concrete.
All holes shall be filled with 1:2 cement mortar.
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3.13.3
Slab Forms
Where timber is used for the soffits of slabs, the boards shall be placed
and laid perfectly true with close joints to prevent the percolation of
liquid or fines from the concrete. Tongue and groove planks shall be
used if specified. All requisite bearer and struts shall be adjusted in
position and placed where necessary on bearers as specified in the case
of beam forms.
3.13.4
Type of Formwork
3.13.4.1

All concrete faces shall be left as struck with a fair face, true to line
finish.
In order to have the finish as it will be formed, approved by the
Engineer, test pieces of 1 sq.m vertical panel 25 cm thick shall be cast.
After approval they shall be retained in position until the concrete works
have been completed then they shall be demolished and removed from
the Works.
After careful inspection, all superfluous fines and similar projections
shall be carefully removed. No render or other applied finish shall be
used to obtain a fair face to the concrete. All concrete faces to be
exposed in the finished works shall be adequately protected against
damage and surface staining during the execution of the Works.
3.13.4.2
Sawn Formwork
Shall be used for all culverts.
3.13.5

Immediately before the concrete is deposited, the formwork shall be
thoroughly cleaned out and freed from sawdust, shavings, wire cuttings,
dust, sand, clay and all other deleterious and extraneous materials.
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Temporary openings shall be provided in the formwork to facilitate this

work. The inside surfaces of the formwork shall, immediately prior to
final erection, be coated with mould oil. The mould oil shall be of
approved type and shall be applied uniformly and the quantities used
shall be the minimum consistent with its purposes. The Contractor shall
ensure that all steel reinforcement and adjoining concrete surfaces are
kept free of mould oil.
All formwork and reinforcement shall be clean and free from standing
water immediately before placing concrete.
3.13.6
Approval of Formwork Before Concreting

The Contractor shall in all cases request the approval of the formwork
approval and his intention to commence concreting shall be not less than
require a longer period if, in his opinion, the formwork is of such
under the Contract.
3.13.7
Removal of Formwork
All formworks shall be struck without jarring the concrete or subjecting
the same to sudden shock.
Before striking any formwork, the Contractor shall satisfy himself that
the concrete is sufficiently hardened to bear its own load and any other
loads that may be placed on it.
No formwork is to be removed, if in the opinion of the Engineer's
Representative, the concrete has not set sufficiently. approval of the
Engineer's Representative shall not absolve the Contractor of his
responsibilities under the Contract.
Subject to the above and the concrete test cube results, the minimum
periods for the removal of formwork generally are as follows:
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Sides of beams, walls and columns

Soffits of beams and slabs (props left in)
Removal of props (beams and slabs)
Soffits of precast beams
2 days
7 days
14 days
7 days
(These times may be reduced only with the written approval of the
Engineer)
In the case of the special types of formwork, striking times are to be
approved by the Engineer.
If a beam slab is required to support a construction load in excess of its
design load, the beam or slab is to be propped until the supported
construction has reached the age when the propping may be removed.
No supports for the shuttering may be left in the finished concrete
without the written permission of the Engineer.
3.13.8

All concrete placed below ground level shall have a minimum
protection to its outside faces with a bituminous membrane as per
Clause 9.2.1.2 of this Specification.
3.14
3.14.1

The use of concrete delivered to the Site in a plastic condition and ready
for placing in its final position shall be permitted subject to the
following conditions:(a) The constituent materials and the concrete mix shall comply with
the requirements of this Specification.
(b)
The concrete shall be produced in accordance with the standards

laid down in the current edition of the "Authorisation Scheme for
Ready Mixed Concrete", published by the British Ready Mixed
Concrete Association (B.R.M.C.A.), except that
(i) Para. 11.1 (i) of the above publication shall be replaced by
item (d) below.
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(ii) Water shall be added to the mix under the control of the
central batching plant.
(iii) Dry batching with water added on site will not be permitted.
(c)
The concrete shall be supplied by a depot approved by the

Engineer and Dubai Municipality.
d)
The concrete shall be placed in its final position and left

undisturbed within 1-1/2 hours maximum of the time when the
cement first comes into contact with wetted aggregates, ie. the
time when hydration of the cement commences. If the temperature
is less than 4C or if the temperature is above 21C, this period
shall be reduced to one hour.
e)
The drum of the agitator truck shall be placed in its final position
and left undisturbed within 1.5 hours maximum of the time when
the cement first comes in contact with wetted aggregates, ie. The
time when hydration of the cement commences.
If the
temperature is less than 4 C or if the temperature is above 21 C,
this period should be reduced to one hour.
f)
the truck mixer should discharge concrete at approximately 0.5

m3 per minute. If this rate is not possible, it is advantageous for
the concrete to be discharged as quickly as possible especially
during high ambient temperature conditions. The concrete shall
be delivered and completely discharged within 1.5 hours or before
the drum has revolved 300 times after the introduction of water to
the cement and aggregates.
g)
In order to ensure the uniformity of mixing the following test,

from ASTM Standard C94, shall be carried out:
(i) Samples of concrete shall be taken from about 1/6 and 5/6
points of a batch, and the differences in the properties of the two
samples should not exceed any of the following:
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Density of concrete calculated to an air-free basis 16 kg/m3

Air content, volume % of concrete 1%
Slump = 25mm when the average is 100 mm, sand 40 mm when
the average is 100 mm to 150 mm
Percentage retained on 5 mm sieve 6%
Density of air-free mortar 1.6%
Compressive strength, average 7-day strength 7.5%
h) All the material for the concrete shall pass the specification
requirements and concrete shall be verified with DM-DCL
3.14.2
Pumping Concrete
Pumped concrete is defined as concrete that is conveyed under pressure
either through rigid or flexible hose, and discharged directly into the
desired area. Pumping may be used for almost all concrete construction
but is especially useful where there is inadequate space for other
concrete placing equipment to be operated.
A steady supply of pumpable concrete is necessary for satisfactory
pumping. Pumpable concrete, like conventional mixes, requires good
quality control; ie, properly graded uniform aggregates, and materials
uniformity and consistently batched and thoroughly mixed.
3.14.3
Field Control
Quality concrete in the field is the ultimate objective to be attained; a
high level of quality control must be maintained. The locations at which
samples for testing the concrete are taken is extremely important.
Sampling according to ASTM C94, is for the acceptability of the readymixed concrete. However, the quality of the concrete being placed in
the structure can only be measured at the placement end of the pipeline.
Where appropriate, sampling at both the truck discharge and point of
final placement should be employed to determine if any changes in the
slump, air content, and other significant mixture characteristics occur.
When sampling at the end of the placement line, great care should be
taken to ensure that the sample is representative of the concrete going
into the placement. Changing the rate of placing and/or the boom
configuration can result in erroneous test results.
3.14.4
Remixing
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Fresh concrete that is left to agitate in the truck mixer tends to stiffen
before initial set develops. This concrete shall not be used if the
following conditions apply; (1) the maximum water to cement ratio will
be exceeded, (2) the maximum slump will be exceeded, and (3) the
maximum number of revolutions or mixing time to placement time will
be exceeded.
3.14.5
Documentation
The Engineer shall receive copies of the delivery tickets for each batch
of concrete, and have access to a site record book maintained by the
Contractor in which the following information is recorded for each
batch of concrete delivered:(i) Delivery ticket number.
(ii) Slump of the concrete, testing on site immediately prior to placing.
(iii) Time when concrete is placed in position and left undisturbed.
(iv) Location that the concrete is placed.
(v) Works test cube reference.
3.15
REINFORCEMENT STEEL
3.15.1
General
This work shall consist of furnishing, fabricating and placing steel
reinforcement bars of the grade, type, quality, size, shape and quantity
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designated, all in accordance with these Specifications and the details

shown on the Drawings.
The Contractor shall be responsible for furnishing reinforcing steel in
sufficient quantity and of the proper sizes, lengths and shapes shown on
the Drawings for any given structure.
3.15.2
Material Specifications
All reinforcement bars shall be of a deformed type in accordance with
BS 4449, except that plain bars may be used where specifically
indicated on the Drawings. Plain bars shall be in accordance with BS
4449.
All steel reinforcement shall conform to the requirements of the
Specifications for Deformed High Yield Steel Bars, Grade 460 Type 2,
unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or specified by the Engineer.
Mild steel where specified or called for shall be either deformed or plain
bars complying with ASTM A615 structural grade or BS 4449 or any
equivalent National Standard as directed and approved by the Engineer.
Tying wire shall be No.16 gauge soft annealed iron wire or No. 18
gauge stainless steel wire or the equivalent AASHTO specification for
tying wire.
Welded wire fabric shall be used as reinforcement for concrete where
shown on the Drawings and as directed. Welded wire fabric shall
conform to the requirements of AASHTO M55 or to BS 4483.
All reinforcement shall be protected against corrosion with a fusionbonded epoxy coating in accordance with the requirements of ASTM
A775/A775M and BS 7295.
The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining the Engineers

approval to the steel bars prior to coating commencing. Such approval
will in no way relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities under the
Contract.
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The frequency of sampling and method of quality control shall be in

accordance with BS 4449 latest edition.
For steel reinforcement, please refer to clause 4/8 Reinforcing Bars of
Section 4 Concrete Works of DM Roads Dept. General Specification.
The Contractor shall furnish to the Engineer a certificate of compliance
for each shipment of coated steel bars. The certificate of compliance
shall state that representative samples of the coated bars have been
tested and that the test results comply with the requirements of the
Specifications.
3.15.3
Steel reinforcing shall be stored on timber packing clear of the ground.
The steel bars shall be free from sharp deformations, rolled-in silvers,
deep recesses or surface faults/blemishes which could result in
inefficient or inadequate coating. When fixed in the work and
immediately prior to concreting, steel reinforcing shall be entirely free
from loose mill scale, loose rust, oil, grease, paint, mould oil, and all
other deleterious and extraneous material. All hooks, bends, etc., unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings shall be to BS 4466.
Before ordering reinforcing steel, the Contractor shall prepare bar
bending schedules at his own cost and submit them to the Engineer for
his approval. Bar schedules shall show the weight of each bar, the total
weight of each bar size and the total weight of bars, and bending
diagrams for bars in accordance with BS 4466. The length of each bar
shall be calculated in accordance with BS 4466 except that the
minimum internal bending radius shall be four times the bar diameter.
The Contractor shall also provide and submit to the Engineer for
approval any working drawings additional to the Contract Drawings
which may be found necessary for the production of bar bending
schedules or for the completion of the Works.
The Engineers approval of the Contractors working drawings and bar
bending schedules shall in no way relieve the Contractor of
responsibility for the correctness of such drawings or schedules.
Steel reinforcement shall be bent accurately to the shapes and
dimensions shown on the approved bar bending lists or drawings. Bars
shall be bent round mandrels of the requisite diameter.
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Steel reinforcement shall be cut and bent in accordance with BS 4466.

Cutting or bending by the application of heat is not permitted. Welding
of reinforcement shall only be permitted when approved in writing by
the Engineer. If such approval is given then the workmanship shall be in
accordance with BS 5135. The Contractor shall submit full technical
details of his proposed procedures prior to seeking approval.
Hot rolled high yield bars shall not be straightened or bent again, having
once been bent. If the Engineer gives approval to bend mild steel
reinforcement projecting from the concrete, the internal radius of bend
shall not be less than four times the nominal size of the bar.
Links, hoops, stirrups are generally to be bent round pins of the same
diameter as the bars they are to embrace. Where however, such bars are
less in diameter than twice the diameter of the link, the radius of the
bend shall be equal to the diameter of the link.
3.15.3.1
The number, size, form and position of all reinforcement shall, unless
otherwise directed or authorized by the Engineer, be strictly in
accordance with the Drawings. Nothing shall be allowed to interfere
with the disposition of the reinforcing bars. Bars generally must be of
the required lengths. Welding of the bars will not be permitted. Lapping
of the bars other than the lap splices shown on the Drawings should be
avoided. The Engineer may approve certain lappings under special
conditions. All lappings should comply strictly with the AASHTO
specifications, namely Article 1.5.6. Clause "c".
The steel reinforcement shall be firmly held in position by wire ties and
concrete blocks or other approved spacers designed to maintain the
correct clear cover of concrete over steel reinforcement. They shall be
as small as possible consistent with their purpose, and of a shape
acceptable to the Engineer. Minimum cover to reinforcement shall be
50 mm unless otherwise detailed. The position of spacers and their
method of use shall be approved by the Engineer. The steel
reinforcement shall be so connected as to form a rigid cage.
All intersecting bars shall be bound together with No.16 gauge soft iron
wire with the ends of the wire turned into the main body of the concrete.
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3.15.3.2

Concrete distance blocks shall, unless otherwise directed, be used
between the reinforcement and the bottom and sides of the forms to
ensure correct placing and cover of the bars. The strength of such
concrete distance blocks shall be not less than that of the main concrete.
The greatest care shall be taken to prevent any displacement or bending
of the members of the reinforcement adjusted and temporarily fixed in
position before commencement of the concreting. Reinforcement
temporarily left projecting from the concrete at construction of other
joints shall be adequately protected against displacement both during
concreting and afterwards and shall not be bent out of position unless
agreed by the Engineer's Representative. During the concreting
competent steel fixer shall be in attendance to re-set any reinforcement
inadvertently displaced.
3.15.3.3

The Contractor shall in all cases request the approval of the Steelwork
approval and his intention to commence concreting shall not be less than
require a longer period if, in his opinion, the reinforcement is of such
under the Contract.
3.16

Precast concrete kerbs and edgings shall be hydraulically pressed and
they and precast concrete quadrants shall comply with the requirements
of BS 7263: Part 1 and to the dimensions and shapes shown on the
Drawings and/or as directed by the Engineer. They shall be Class B
concrete with sulphate resisting cement as indicated in Clause 3.2.7 of
3/36
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
this Specification. They shall be uniform in colour free from cracks,

flaws or other defects with well defined arises.
The kerbstones shall be 900 mm long or as directed by the Engineer's
Representative. Samples of kerbstones proposed to be used shall be
submitted to the Engineer for his approval prior to order or manufacture.
Kerbstones shall not be used before they have been inspected and
approved by the Engineer. They shall be fully cured when delivered to
site (28 days min.).
Kerbstones shall be laid on concrete Class C bedded on 1:3 sand cement
mortar as specified and/or as directed by the Engineer. All kerbstones
shall be well bedded and settled in place true to line and level with a
suitable wooden mould. Before kerbstones shall be approved it should
be ensured that their top surfaces are in a uniform plane and their front
faces are in correct alignment. Any kerbstones not satisfying these
requirements or having cracked or broken arises or faces shall be
removed and replaced or reset as instructed by the Engineer.
Joints between kerbstones shall be not less than 3 mm nor greater than 5
mm in width and shall be uniform from top to bottom. Joints shall be
left open.
Where precast kerbs of straight section are laid to form radii, joints
should be filled with non-shrinkage mortar, and expansion joints (using
flexel or similar joint filler) shall be provided at 3 m centres. For radii of
10 m or less quadrants shall be used. Kerbs of a reduced size shall only
be used for this condition where approved by the Engineer.
Tolerance in top level of kerbstones and horizontal alignment shall be
3 mm.
All kerbstones shall be painted alternately black and white. The paint
shall be an approved concrete paint giving a nominal thickness of 100
microns in two applied coats.
Tranverse strength and Water Absorption shall be in accordance with
BS 7263 : Part 1.
3.17
IN-SITU CONCRETE EDGING
3/37
SECTION 3
CONCRETE WORKS
In-Situ concrete edge strips shall be to the cross section shown on the
drawings and the class of concrete made with sulphate resisting cement
indicated thereon in accordance with Clause 3.2 of this Specification.
The edge strip shall be formed in as long lengths as possible and the
form work shall be set on the top surface of the sub-base, set to produce
the line and level in accordance with the requirements of this
Specification. Care must be taken to ensure that the top surface is
carefully finished to achieve these requirements and to provide the
control of the wearing course. Expansion joints will be provided with an
approved joint filler at maximum 3 m centres as shown on the drawing
and/or as directed by the Engineer. The kerb shall be protected against
covering or splashing by bitumen or cement.
3/38
SECTION 5
5.1
MATERIALS
5.1.1
Concrete Bricks and Blocks

Concrete bricks and blocks shall be constructed from Class B (sulphate
resisting Portland Cement) concrete but the coarse aggregate shall be 10 mm
to 5 mm. The blocks shall be cast in clean oiled moulds.
They shall be free from cracks, uniform in size, true to shape, free from
deleterious matter, clean, hard, impervious with smooth faces in appearance
similar to normal Class B concrete and with well defined arises.
Bricks and blocks shall not be incorporated into the Works until they have
matured under suitable conditions for 28 days.
5.1.2
Bricks
Engineering bricks and special purpose bricks such as radial bricks, weir
bricks, copings and bull nosed bricks shall have an average compressive
strength of at least 69 N/mm2 and an average absorption not exceeding 4.5
percent by weight measured by a standard boiling or vacuum method.
Faces of engineering bricks to be exposed to the weather or liquids shall not
be wire cut.
Bricks for arches and circular work of 1.5 metres and less in diameter shall
be purpose made radial bricks.
5.1.3
Sand for Mortar

Sand for mortar shall comply with the following table:-
Sieve Size
5.00 mm
2.36 mm
1.18 mm
600 microns
300 microns
150 microns
Table 5-1. Sand for Mortar

Percentage by mass passing sieve
Rendering
Brickwork/General Purposes
100
100
90 - 100
90 - 100
70 - 100
70 - 100
40 - 80
40 - 100
5 - 40
5 - 70
0 - 10
0 - 15
SECTION 5
5.1.4
Lime for Mortar

Lime for cement-lime and lime-sand mortar shall be the hydrated type to the
approved standard.
5.2
CONSTRUCTION
5.2.1
General
Bricks and blocks shall be properly stacked on level hardstanding. Broken
blocks shall be removed from the site.
Bricks shall be adequately protected from inclement weather.
During hot and dry weather bricks and blocks shall be wetted as necessary
and the tops of walls shall be wetted before a course is laid
All faces of brickwork or blockwork will be kept clean and no rubbing
down of exposed faces will be permitted.
Vertical faces of all bricks shall be well buttered before being laid and the
whole well grouted at each course.
Brickwork and blockwork should be built in a uniform manner. Corners and
other advanced work should be raked back and not raised above the general
level more than 1.0 m at one lift.
All blocks shall be laid on even full beds of mortar; vertical faces of all
blocks shall be well buttered before being laid and the whole well grouted at
each course.
The overall dimensions of four blocks laid in mortar shall not exceed by
more than 25 mm the overall dimensions of the same blocks laid dry.
5.2.2
Engineering Brickwork
Unless otherwise specified or ordered all engineering brickwork shall be
built in English bond.
In all engineering brickwork the overall dimensions of four bricks laid in
mortar shall not exceed by more than 25 mm the overall dimensions of the
same bricks laid dry.
5/2
SECTION 5
When concrete is to be faced with brickwork, header bricks shall be built

into every fourth course and at intervals of 2 bricks horizontally so as to
project 1/2 brick into the concrete. Headers in successive courses shall be
staggered.
5.2.3
Blockwork
All blockwork shall be built level, plumb and true to line with all perpends
in line vertically. Blockwork shall be built in stretcher bond and alternate
courses shall be bonded in at all junctions. All blockwork shall be set in
gauged mortar as described to the lengths, heights and thicknesses shown on
the drawings. Fair and fair-faced work shall be kept perfectly clean and no
rubbing down of blockwork will be allowed. Blockwork to be plastered
shall have joints struck off flush and left rough.
5.2.4
Cement Mortar
Mortar for precast concrete units, brickwork and blockwork shall be gauged
in the proportions of one part of cement to three parts of sand. Lime shall
only be added if specifically ordered.
Cement mortar shall be mixed on a clean surface in small quantities
sufficient only for 30 minutes work and shall not be remixed or worked up
again after setting or hardening; any mortar that has become set or hard
shall be rejected and removed from the site.
Ingredients shall be measured in proper boxes and shall be turned over and
thoroughly mixed on a wooden platform.
5.2.5
Cement Lime Mortar

Cement lime (gauged) mortar shall consist of one part Portland Cement, one
part of lime and six parts of sand by volume (1:1:6). All materials shall be
accurately gauged using gauge boxes and shall be thoroughly mechanically
mixed. Mortar that has begun to set shall not be revived or re-used.
5.2.6
Cement Mortar Rendering

Cement mortar rendering shall consist of two or more coats; the undercoat
shall be 13 mm thickness and scored to form a key for the final coat which
shall be not less than 6 mm in thickness. The finished coat shall be worked
with proper metal floats, and the face left with an even and polished surface.
The mortar for the undercoat of the rendering shall be gauged in the
5/3
SECTION 5
proportion of one part of cement to three parts of sand, and the finished coat
shall be in the proportion of one part of cement to two parts of sand.
For at least 24 hours before rendering is applied the concrete or brickwork
face or previous coat of rendering shall be thoroughly soaked with water,
and the finished rendering shall be watered at least four times a day and kept
damp for a period of a least fourteen days after completion. Not more than
three days shall elapse between the application of one coat and its being
covered up with a second or finishing coat. All arises shall be sharp and
linear.
When rendering is to be applied to brickwork, the joints shall be raked and
cleaned out to a depth of 13 mm.
5/4
SECTION 6
6.1
CLEANING AND INSPECTION OF PIPELINES

The Contractor shall ensure during and after construction that the pipes remain
clean and free of all silt, mortar, debris and other obstructions, and if required
by the Engineer, the pipelines shall be cleaned out using approved methods and
equipment which do not damage the internal lining of the pipes and manholes.
When work is not in progress the open ends of the pipeline shall be securely
plugged with an approved watertight plug or stopper to prevent the ingress of
deleterious matter into pipelines.
After backfilling pipe trenches and completing chambers, hatch boxes, etc.,
and before the trench surfaces are reinstated, the interior of pipelines shall be
cleaned of silt and debris by approved methods for inspection by the Engineer's
Representative as follows:All newly constructed pipelines of 600 mm (nom.) internal diameter and
smaller shall have a loose plug passed through them to show that they are clear
of obstruction and free from deflection. The loose plug shall be dimensioned to
suit the permissible minimum deflected diameter of the pipe. Alternately, a
deflectometer capable of measuring diametric dimensions both vertically and
horizontally may be used as specified in Clause 4.4.8.
All newly constructed pipelines greater than 600 mm (nom.) internal diameter
will after cleaning be inspected from the inside and the Contractor shall
provide a suitable trolley for this purpose.
All renovated or replaced pipeline shall after cleaning, be inspected from the
inside using CCTV inspection as specified in Section 13.
In addition gravity pipelines or sewers shown as straight lines between
manholes on the drawings shall be subjected to a light sighting test as detailed
in the pipelaying specification Clause 4.4.3.
Pipelines, manholes, chambers/structures will be inspected again before being
put in service or taking over (whichever is sooner) and if required by the
Engineer's Representative shall be cleaned again in whole or in part by suitable
means which may include, if directed, flushing with clean water.
6.2
TESTING OF PIPELINES
6.2.1
General
The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for the supply of water used
for testing and cleaning of pipelines which shall be obtained from a source
approved by the Engineer. All water required for testing and cleaning shall be
provided by the Contractor at his cost.
6/1
SECTION 6
Prior to commencement of flushing or testing, approval shall be obtained to the

methods and programme for testing and to the method of disposal of all fluids
used for flushing or testing purposes. Under no circumstances will permission
be given for the discharge of such fluids into the existing sewerage system.
If permission is given to use new or existing pipelines or culverts which are not
part of a live system, they shall be thoroughly cleaned of all silt and any
resulting damage made good after use.
If lagoons for the storage of such fluids are permitted, they must be suitably
protected with fencing and attended by day and night to prevent access by the
general public and will not be sited adjacent to buildings. Approved means of
preventing the formation of mosquito larvae on the surface of the lagoons will
be employed.
Testing of pipelines shall in all cases be applied in the presence of the
Engineer's Representative. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 48
hours before hand of his intention to test a section of pipeline. The Contractor,
at his own expense, shall provide complete plant and all struts, thrust blocks,
etc., as may be necessary for effectively testing the pipelines to the specified
pressures.
Pipelines shall be properly completed and supported before being put under
test. No testing will be permitted until seven days after thrust blocks and other
holding down works have been completed.
For both gravity and pressure pipelines only testing of new, renovated, or
replaced sections of pipelines and fittings will be required under the Contract,
in accordance with this Specification, unless detailed otherwise. Such testing
will be carried out before making final connections to the existing network.
However where tees or other fittings are inserted into existing pipelines and
where lengths of pipeline are replaced no backfilling will be allowed at the tees
or fittings or at the joints between new and existing pipework until the pipeline
has been returned to service and a visual inspection of all such fittings and
joints made at the network pressure.
Should any inspection be unsatisfactory or any test fail the Contractor shall
replace defective pipes, leaking joints or otherwise re-execute defective work
as instructed following which cleaning and testing will be repeated until the
Engineer's Representative certifies the pipeline to be satisfactory.
6.2.2
Testing of Non-Pressure Pipelines

All non-pressure pipelines of 600 mm nominal diameter or smaller shall be
given a preliminary air test when the pipeline is bedded and jointed before
backfilling and a final water test after backfilling in the presence and to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
Unless otherwise instructed non-pressure pipelines shall be tested in sections
between manholes.
6/2
SECTION 6
Preliminary and final air and water tests will not normally be applied to
pipelines greater than 600 mm (nom.) internal diameter and acceptance of
these pipelines will be dependent on satisfactory visual inspection of the pipes
and joints.
Air Test (Preliminary Test)
After a length of pipeline is bedded and jointed, and before backfilling, it shall
be given a preliminary test as detailed below:
1. The Contractor shall plug all pipe outlets with suitable plugs, and brace
each plug securely where needed.
2. Air shall be pumped in slowly to the pipe until a pressure of 100 mm head
of water is indicated on a manometer connected to the system.
3. After the internal pressure of 100 mm is obtained, two minutes shall be
allowed for the air temperature to stabilize within the pipe.
4. Air may be added to restore the pressure to 100 mm.
5. During a further period of 5 minutes (without further pumping of air) the
pressure should not fall below 75 mm.
6. Release of the air pressure shall be carried out by removal of the stopper at
the end of the pipeline away from the manometer which will remain
connected. Failure to carry out the air pressure release in this manner shall
render the test invalid.
7. The Contractor will not be permitted to commence testing later than 4
hours after sunrise or earlier than 4 hours before sunset during the summer
period unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
Water Test (Final Test)
After backfilling the length of pipeline under test, it shall be given the
following final test:
1. All branches and open ends shall be closed with suitable stoppers, secured
with longitudinal braces before testing commences.
2. Water shall be filled from the lowest point and air allowed to escape. No
entrapped air shall remain in the pipeline while testing.
3. An internal pressure equivalent to a head of water of depth to invert of the
pipeline plus 1.25 m, or 4 m head whichever is greater shall be maintained
for 30 minutes to allow for initial absorption of water.
4. After that, the test pressure shall be maintained for 60 minutes and water
added shall be measured.
5. Pipeline shall be treated as passed if water consumption in 60 minutes does
not exceed 7.5 litres per metre of diameter per 30 m of length of pipeline
under test.
Where in the opinion of the Engineer's Representative the above test is not
sufficiently indicative of water tightness by reason of high ground water levels
the test will not be applied. Acceptance of the pipelines will then depend on
satisfactory inspection or testing for infiltration as referred to below, and air
test of the pipeline in manhole lengths.
6/3
SECTION 6
The Engineer may require any length of pipe suspected of being damaged to be
retested by the water test at any time during the contract period.
Infiltration Test
After completion of backfilling and restoration of normal subsoil conditions,
all gravity pipelines and manholes shall be examined for infiltration as follows:
1. All inlets to the system shall be closed to prevent the entrance of water.
2. Pumping of groundwater shall be discontinued for at least 3 days prior to
the test for infiltration.
3. The section of the pipeline under test, including manholes, shall be
accepted as satisfactory if the infiltration does not exceed 1.00 litre per
hour per metre of pipe line per metre of nominal internal diameter.
Notwithstanding the satisfactory completion of the infiltration test, if there is
any discernible flow of water entering the pipeline at a point which can be
located either by visual or closed circuit television inspection, appropriate
measures shall be taken to stop such infiltration.
6.2.3
Testing of Pressure Pipelines

All pressure pipelines of 675 mm or more internal diameter shall have each
joint individually tested by means of an approved joint testing apparatus.
Pipelines of less than 675mm shall be subjected to a preliminary air test as
soon as a length of pipe has been laid and before backfilling. Pressure pipelines
shall then be given a final test using water after they have been backfilled,
cleaned and inspected.
Preliminary pressure testing of pipelines may be carried out if so required by
the Engineer with partial backfill only and exposed joints, but the stability and
safety of the Works must be ensured at all times.
Each test shall be restricted to pipes of one class. Pipelines shall be tested in
sections not exceeding 500m or between valve positions. In addition the whole
pipeline shall be tested upon completion. Particular care must be taken to
isolate air valves, etc., not to apply higher pressure than specified at any point
on the pipelines and to ensure that the pipelines are adequately anchored before
any test is carried out.
Gauges used for testing pressure pipelines shall be capable of reading
increments of 0.1m head. Before any pressure gauge is used, the Contractor
shall arrange for it to be checked independently and a dated certificate of its
accuracy shall be provided to the Engineer. Calibration of pressure gauges
shall be carried out at regular intervals as required by the Engineer
6/4
SECTION 6
Air Test (Preliminary Test)

As soon as a length of pressure pipe has been laid and before backfilling, when
applicable and when ordered it shall be subjected to the following preliminary
test:
1. The Contractor shall plug all pipe outlets with suitable plugs, and brace
each plug securely where needed.
2. Air shall be pumped in slowly to the pipe until a pressure of 300 mm head
of water is indicated on a manometer connected to the system.
3. After the internal pressure of 300 mm is obtained, two minutes shall be
allowed for the air temperature to stabilize within the pipe.
4. Air may be added to restore the pressure to 300 mm.
5. The test will not be satisfactory if the air pressure falls to less than 275 mm
during a period of 5 minutes without further pumping of air.
Water Test (Final Test)
Pressure pipelines shall be given the following final test using water after they
have been backfilled, cleaned and inspected:
1. All the joints of the pipeline shall be left open for the purpose of inspection
for leakage if any, where practicable or instructed by the Engineer.
2. Pipe ends shall be closed with suitable stoppers, secured with longitudinal
braces/thrust block, before testing commences.
3. Water shall be filled slowly (to prevent possible water hammer) from the
lowest points and air allowed to escape through an air vent fixed for the
purpose at the highest points of the pipeline section under test. No
entrapped air shall remain in the pipeline while testing.
4. Pressure in the pipeline shall then be raised steadily upto and maintained at
the rated pressure for a period of 30 minutes to allow for absorption and
achieve conditions as stable as possible for testing.
5. If no leakage has been observed, pumping shall then be resumed and the
pressure slowly raised to the specified test pressure.
6. Unless specified elsewhere or directed otherwise by the Engineer, the test
pressure shall be 900 KN per square metre (91.8 m head of water).
7. Test pressure shall be continuously maintained by the use of the pump for a
period of 60 minutes and the amount of makeup water required to maintain
the pressure shall be accurately measured (to the nearest 1/8 litre).
8. Pipeline shall be deemed to have passed the test if all the following
conditions are satisfied:
i. No water is visible coming out of the pipe or joints at any point;
ii. Amount of make-up water required does not exceed 1 litre per hour
per 100 mm diameter per kilometer of pipeline under test;
iii. The loss of the pressure during the test period does not exceed 70KN
per square metre.
6.3
TESTING OF VALVES
Valves and all pipelines appurtenances shall be hydraulically tested together
with the pipeline in which they are installed. Valves shall be tested for
6/5
SECTION 6
operation under working pressure and shall be adjusted so that they operate
smoothly, seat properly and are installed to tolerances recommended by the
manufacturer.
6.4
TESTING OF RENOVATED AND REPLACED PIPELINES

All non-pressure pipelines renovated or replaced by slip lining, soft lining, or
pipe bursting methods shall be given an air test or water test per Clause 6.2.2 in
the presence and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
6.5
TESTING OF WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES

All water retaining structures shall be visually inspected to confirm that there
is no infiltration. Where it is required by the Engineer, water retaining
structures shall be tested for watertightness. The structure shall be filled with
water and shall stand for a period of three days, to allow for absorption. The
structure shall be considered satisfactory if, subsequent to this period, there
shall be no fall in level over a period of 24 hours (after making the allowance
for rainfall and evaporation) and there shall be no visible leaks, or damp
surface areas.
This shall be carried out before any backfilling and before the application of
any external concrete protection has taken place. Any damages revealed as a
result of such tests shall be made good to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
6/6
SECTION 9
CORROSION PROTECTION AND ODOR CONTROL
9.1
MATERIALS
9.1.1
Corrosive Environments
Corrosion protection systems and surface coatings shall in all cases be suitable
for exposure to their contact with environmental conditions which may include
any or all of the following :-
9.1.2
(1)
The climatic conditions prevailing in the project area with particular

emphasis on temperature variations, high surface temperatures and high
humidities.
(2)
Septic sewage with a pH value of less than one.
(3)
Sulfuric acid solution in sewage slimes in concentrations up to 15 % by

weight.
(4)
Hydrogen sulfide and other gases emanating from sewage, septic sewage
and sewage sludges.
(5)
Saline groundwater with high chloride or sulphate contents both below

the water table and in soil zones above the water table where capillary
action and the presence of oxygen may cause extremely severe
conditions.
(6)
Wind blown chlorides.
(7)
Wind blown abrasive sands.
Paint
Protective and decorative paint systems including primers and undercoats shall
be obtained ready mixed for use. All containers of paints and other coating
systems shall show date of manufacture, shelf life and pot life where
applicable. Paint shall be applied as per Clause 9.2.2 (refer to Clause 19.4 for
schedules of protective coatings and surface preparations).
The Contractor shall only be allowed to use paints which are delivered to the
site in sealed cans or drums bearing the name of the manufacturer and properly
labeled.
Tints and shades of final coats shall be advised by the Engineer or his
Representative.
9.1.3
Impervious Tanking Membrane

9/1
SECTION 9
Membrane used for tanking to concrete structures shall be impervious, selfadhesive and covered with a release agent.
Rubber bitumen/PVC membrane shall have a minimum bitumen thickness of
2.0 mm and PVC thickness of 0.3 mm.
9.1.4
PVC Sheet Lining Materials

PVC sheet materials to be used for lining concrete structures and pipelines
internally shall be manufactured from polyvinyl chloride, plasticisers and
pigments to make permanently flexible sheets.
The colour of the sheet shall be approved on site.
The PVC sheet shall have a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm and shall be formed
by extrusion to have on one side locking keys or ribs of either T or diamond
section at centers not greater than 75 mm. It shall be capable of forming a
continuous 100% effective seal with the use of welding strips or other
approved method and shall be supplied with all materials and tools for making
the joints.
The tensile strength of the material shall be not less than 17000 kN/m2.
All weld strips, patches and other sheets used in the permanent fixing of the
ribbed sheet shall be of a material having the same composition as the ribbed
sheet.
9.1.5

Reinforced plastic liners to be used for lining pumping stations and manholes
shall be manufactured (as per Clause 19.1.4) to the dimensions given on the
Drawings, within the following tolerances :(1)
The work size, which is defined as the internal diameter as specified by

the manufacturer, shall be declared and shall not differ from the normal
diameter by more than 1%.
A manufacturing tolerance on the work size of 10 mm will be allowed
provided that a tight fit is achieved between the liner and the slab liner.
(2)
Liners shall be supplied in lengths to suit requirements with a resin-rich

finish to internal surfaces.
9/2
SECTION 9
(3)
Minimum thickness shall be 7 mm for sewerage work and 5 mm where

approved for drainage work.
(4)
The out of squareness shall not be greater than 10 mm.
(5)
The deviation from straightness of the bore of the liner shall not exceed
20 mm.
Although the liners are not designed to be structural, they shall have a
sufficient stiffness to withstand :(1)
Buckling or distortion in transit or storage.
(2)
A hydrostatic head of 8 metres without distortion damage, leakage or

permeation.
(3)
Grouting pressures.
Prior to grouting of the manhole liner at least 24 hours shall be allowed for
temperature equalization between the manhole structure and the reinforced
plastic liner.
The manufacturer shall provide shop drawings of the proposed top slab liners
prior to manufacture for approval.
The manufacturer shall stipulate the maximum deflection of the slab liner
permitted without causing surface cracking to the gel coat. The Contractor
must take care not to exceed this limit, and any surface cracking that occurs
will be repaired.
9.1.6
In-Situ Laminations
The Contractor shall apply either of the following systems of laminations to
renovate the manholes:
(1)
Epoxy resin mortars and laminating systems.
(2)
Lamination using glass chopped strand mats impregnated with

isophthalic resin and with vinylester resin.
(3)
Bisphenol polyester resin with heavy duty glass cloth inclusion.
9/3
SECTION 9
Epoxy Resin System

A mortar consisting of an epoxy resin and hardener shall be mixed with a filler
material to produce a thixotropic dense trowel suited mix.
The mortar shall be manually applied to all internal surfaces and left at least
15 minutes.
A minimum of 7 mm of GRP laminate shall then be applied in two layers. The
benching laminate shall be sealed on to the in-situ channel liner with an
approved compatible material. The top surface of the benching shall be treated
to produce a non-slip finish.
Isophthalic and Vinylester Resin System
Firstly the surface of the manhole walls and the surface of the cover slab soft,
benching and channel (concrete) shall be coated with isophthalic resin.
Three layers of 600 gm/m2 glass chopped strand mat shall then be applied and
impregnated with isophthalic resin to provide an approximate thickness of 5
mm.
Next one layer of 600 gm/m2 and one layer of 300 gm/m2 glass chopped strand
mat shall be applied and impregnated with vinylester resin.
Following this two layers of glass veil shall be applied and impregnated with
vinylester resin.
Finally a coating of vinylester resin with paraffin wax shall be applied to
provide a total minimum thickness of 7 mm.
Bisphenol Polyester Resin with Heavy Duty Glass Cloth Inclusion System
All cleaned surfaces shall be primed with a polyester based primer to seal the
surface and aid the application of the lining.
The base coat of resin reinforced with filler shall be trowel applied to
approximately 1.5 mm thick. The reinforcing cloth shall be consolidated into
the first trowel coat with particular attention being paid to ensure that the cloth
is fully wetted out. This application shall be allowed to cure overnight before
applying the top coat of resin. This resin reinforced with the same filler shall
be troweled on and dressed with a rolling aid.
9/4
SECTION 9
9.1.7
Epoxy Mortar
Where indicated on the drawings or specified to use epoxy mortar for
benching and channels in any manhole or any other structure such as
chambers, pump station wet-well, etc., they shall be formed to have a min. of
10 mm thickness of an approved epoxy-resin mortar system.
The epoxy mortar system shall be a trowellable, two component epoxy resin
system consisting of a prefilled base and unfilled reactor which when mixed
shall produce a high strength, impermeable and chemically resistant mortar.
The epoxy mortar system shall have excellent chemical resistance to sodium
chloride and sulphuric acid (shall pass the relevant chemical resistence test),
and shall have high impact resistance. Typical properties are given in the
following table:
Table 3-7. Properties of Two Component Epoxy Mortar
Property
Test Method
Limit
Sag at 10 mm thickness
Working Time
Full Cure at 25C
Setting Time at 25C
Water Absorption
Compressive Strength
ASTM C308
ASTM C413
BS 6319:Part 2
Flexural Strength
BS 6319:Part 3
Tensile Strength
Bond Strength
Density
BS 6319:Part 7
BS 6319:Part 4
BS 6319:Part 1
None
> 90 min. at 25C
3 to 7 days
30 to 45 min.
< 0.07 %
> 40 N/mm2 at 25C,
7 days cure
> 3 N/mm2 at 25C,
7 days cure
> 8 N/mm2
> 30 N/mm2
1750 kg/m3
When placed on a concrete substrate the epoxy mortar system shall have an
adhesive strength of not less than the internal cohesive strength of concrete.
To achieve the necessary adhesion to the substrate an epoxy primer compatible
for use with the mortar and the substrate shall be applied.
The epoxy mortar, or the primer where required, shall be suitable for application
onto a substrate with a moisture content of 4% or less as measured by the
"wet-check" Moisture Meter or other instruments approved by the Engineer.
The pot-life of the mixed mortar shall not be less than one hour at the
temperature at the place of application at the time of mixing. The Engineer may
9/5
SECTION 9
restrict application to such time as the ambient temperature is sufficiently low

for the specified pot-life to be ensured.
There shall be strict control of surface cleanliness between primer and epoxy
mortar and between coats of the same. Vacuum removal of dust and sand shall
be employed and water soluble contamination shall be removed as specified
above. Where dirt or dust has become trapped in the primed surface it shall be
removed with suitable abrasive paper. The surface being primed shall be free of
visible moisture throughout these operations.
The mortar manufacturer shall stipulate primer and epoxy re-coat intervals for
all curing temperatures likely to be encountered and these shall be adopted with
a maximum tolerance of +4 hours. Where this is exceeded the surfaces to be
re-coated shall be suitably abraded to remove gloss.
Mixing of the components shall be strictly in accordance with the
Manufacturer's recommendations and care shall be taken to avoid the
entrainment of air in the mixes.
Wet thickness gauge shall be used by the mortar applicators continually to
check that sufficient mortar is being applied to achieve the required dry
thickness.
9.1.8
Bituminous Emulsion
Bituminous emulsion shall be to the approved standard and shall not contain
less than 53 % of bitumen.
9.1.9
Waterproof Paper
Waterproof building paper shall be to the approved standard. For roadworks it
shall be Class B.
9.1.10
Protective Materials for Wrapping Pipeline Components

The protective materials for wrapping pipeline components shall comprise a
rust inhibiting compound for the bolts, a mastic or comparable filler which
will not harden for moulding over the assembly, and a waterproof tape for
wrapping.
9.1.11
Approved Paint Suppliers
9/6
SECTION 9
The following paint systems have been successfully used in sewage

environments in Dubai. Reference to these systems in no way precludes the
use of similar or superior systems by other suppliers.
Supplier
Paint System
1.
Colebrand Limited
Colebrand House
20 Warwick Street
Regent Street
London WIR 6BE
England
Epoxy Prefabrication Primer: CXL 100.

Epoxy Resin Solvent Free Coating : CXL 115.
High Build Epoxy Airless Spray Coatings.
CXL 141 for temperate climates applications.
CXL 140 for hot climates applications.
2.
Corroless International Limited

Berk House, Basings View
Basingstoke
Hampshire RG 21 2HW
England
Corroless T.
Corroless Epoxy.
9.2
INSTALLATION OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND LINERS TO

CONCRETE
9.2.1
General
Concrete structures shall be protected both internally and externally where
indicated on the Drawings and by the methods detailed.
9.2.2
Protective Coatings/PVC Liners

All protection systems shall be applied strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions, two copies of which shall be included with the
Contractor's application for the approval of the material, and when approved
will be deemed to be part of this specification unless stated otherwise.
The permissible rate of permeation of all protection systems shall not exceed
0.0027 per inches (ASTM, 1 per inch = 1 gramme of water per hour per square
foot (0.0929 m2) per mil (0.0254 mm) of thickness for a 1 inch (25.4 mm)
difference in Hg vapour pressure on each side of a membrane.
Coatings shall not be applied at expansion, contraction or construction joints
which incorporate a sealant.
(1) External Buried Surfaces
9/7
SECTION 9
The external surfaces of concrete substructures shall be protected or "tanked"

by one of the following methods which will be indicated on the Drawings.
a)
An approved impervious bituminous waterproof membrane:

The membrane shall be tropical grade, cross laminated to have high tear
strength; and puncture and impact resistance and shall be chemically
resistant for protection against aggressive soils and contaminated
groundwater.
The membrane shall comply with the following :Property
Test Method
Typical Results
Tape Strength
ASTM D638
Long 4.2 N/mm2

Trans 4.8 N/mm2
Tensile Strength
ASTM D638
Long 42 N/mm2
Trans 48 N/mm2
Elongation Film
ASTM D638
Long 210 %
Trans 160 %
Tear Resistance
ASTM D1004
Long 340 N/mm22

Trans 310 N/mm2
Adhesion to Self Concrete
ASTM D1000
1.8 N/mm2
Puncture Resistance
ASTM E154
220 N 65 mm2
Water Resistance :
After 24 hours
After 35 days
ASTM D570
Environmental Resistance
ASTM D543
Conforms
ASTM E96
0.3 g/m2 /24 hrs.
Moisture Vapour
Transmission Rate
0.14 %
0.95 %
2
The membrane shall be laid on to smooth concrete blinding surface free

from sharp edges and projections and on to walls primed with an approved
primer and applying the performed membrane, sticky side downwards, laid
strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The minimum
over laps shall be 50 mm side and end.
During the backfilling operation around all tanked structures, the
waterproof membrane shall be protected from damage by the use of an
9/8
SECTION 9
approved protection board. The board shall be manufactured from graded

and selected kork granules bound with modified bitumen and encased
between two layers of tough asphalt paper. The board shall be light weight
and capable of providing protection against abrasive backfilling. The board
may be stored outside, but shall be kept flat on original pallets.
b) A brush applied bituminous emulsion:
The surface shall first be wire brushed and all dust and loose scale
removed. Three coats of bituminous rubber emulsion paint shall then be
applied. The second coat shall not be the same colour as either the 1st or
3rd.
Both methods of protection shall totally enclose the substructure within a
waterproof membrane to the limits shown on the Drawings.
(2) Internal and External Exposed Surfaces
Where exposed surfaces of concrete structures are not protected by reinforced
plastic liners one of the following systems will be indicated on the Drawings
where required.
a) An epoxy resin, acrylic, polyester or latex paint system:
The surface shall first be wire brushed and all dust and loose scale
removed (refer to Clause 19.4 for schedule of surface preparations). An
epoxy resin or other primer/sealer (for concrete and allied substrates)
shall then be applied followed by coats of high build epoxy airless spray
or other coatings to give a minimum dry film thickness (dft) of 300
microns. Freedom from pinholes shall be established by use of a spark
tester. The approved paint system must have adequate flexibility to suit
the thermal movements of the concrete without cracking whilst
maintaining an effective bond.
b) A PVC sheet lining system :
The PVC sheet lining shall be fixed such that the keys or ribs are cast
into the concrete surface. The lining shall be capable of taking up the
same profile as the concrete substrate as indicated on the Drawings.
Site operatives for employment on this work shall be certified by the
manufacturer as trained to a satisfactory standard in fixing and welding
techniques.
9/9
SECTION 9
After completion of either of the linings or systems as described in subclauses (a) and (b) above they shall be offered for inspection and testing.
Two sets of testing equipment, e.g. feeler probes and spark testing, shall be
provided and be maintained and available at all times for the sole use of the
Engineer's Representatives.
Only linings or systems completely free from pinholes will be accepted.
9.2.3

The construction methods employed shall be so as to ensure that a
completely water and gastight seal is made preventing any exposure of the
concrete surround to the corrosive liquids and gases present as detailed
below and in Clauses 15.5.4 and 15.5.5.
In particular:Reinforced plastic liners shall be handled in the same manner as reinforced
plastic pipes. In addition, extra care shall be taken to avoid damage to the
liners which are not designed to carry loads.
The manufacturer shall visit the site to demonstrate to the Contractor in the
presence of the Engineer's Representative the methods of handling and
lifting, including formation of the joints between the chamber liner.
The Contractor is reminded that these liners are not designed to withstand
pressure exerted by the concrete during construction.
9.2.4
Cutting and Sealing of Reinforced Liners

Where the Contractor is required for any reason to cut reinforced plastic
liners, he shall seal the exposed ends with an approved resin before
incorporating the cut reinforced plastic in the work. No cut reinforced plastic
shall be used until the resin has cured.
The resin shall be as recommended by the manufacturer of the reinforced
plastic item and shall be pigmented so that the areas where it has been
applied are easily identifiable.
It shall be delivered to site in sealed containers bearing the name of the
manufacturer and properly labelled as to its content and shelf life.
9/10
SECTION 9
9.3
ODOR CONTROL FACILITIES
9.3.1
General
The Contractor shall provide the labor, materials and equipment necessary to
install and test the odor control facilities as shown on the Contract Drawings
and as specified herein. The odor control units shall be either of the
activated carbon filter types or of the natural soil filter bed types as indicated
in the Drawings.
9.3.2
Soil Moisture and pH Probes

Moisture and pH probes shall be able to continuously measure percent
moisture and pH in the soil. All components shall be highly resistant to
corrosion due to sewage and very high concentration of hydrogen sulfide and
other gases. Soil moisture probes shall measure moisture on a percentage
basis in the full range of soil moisture (0-100 percent). pH probes shall at a
minimum be accurate within the 4-10 standard unit range. All probes shall be
designed for maintenance and replacement with minimum soil disturbance.
9.3.3
Activated Carbon Odor Control Filter

The activated carbon odor control filter shall be furnished and installed in
accordance with Clause 17.2.48. The air blowers for the odor control unit
shall be as specified in Clause 17.2.17.
9.3.4
Natural Soil Odor Control Filter
9.3.4.1
Materials
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Liner
The HDPE liner shall be furnished and installed in accordance with Clauses
19.3.4 and 19.2.13 and as shown on the Contract Drawings.
Washed Stone
Stone for the air plenum shall be washed, rounded, uncrushed, well graded in
size from 20 mm to 25 mm and consisting of clean, and durable particles free
from dirt, vegetation or other objectionable matter and free from an excess of
9/11
SECTION 9
soft, thin elongated, laminated or disintegrated pieces. The Contractor shall

submit a sample of the stone to the Engineer for approval prior to placement.
Wood Chips
Wood chips shall be obtainefrom hardwood and shall be of 10 mm to 50 mm
diameter. Not more than 2 percent shall consist of leaves, twigs or shavings.
They shall be free of extraneous materials, stone and debris. The Contractor
shall submit a wood chip sample to the Engineer for approval prior to
placement.
Soil Filter
The soil filter shall be a mixture of approved natural sand or sandy loam and
treated compost. The compacted soil/compost mix shall have a 50 percent
porosity. The compost shall be a product of thermophilic aerobic
stabilization. It shall be adequately stabilized, so as to be completely free of
any odors. The compost shall be friable, pass through a 13 mm mesh screen,
and be free of stones, stocks and all objectionable debris. Compost shall have
a pH of 5.5 to 8.0 and no less than 25 percent volatile solids. The compost
source is subject to the review of the Engineer. All compost shall be "cured"
to the point that it is no longer self heating.
9.3.4.2
Installation
The Contractor shall place the stone, wood chips, soil and compost in layers
of uniform thickness as indicated on the Contract Drawing(s) or as directed
by the Engineer. The stone, wood ships, soil and compost shall be placed so
as not to damage the aeration piping. Damaged piping is to be replaced by
the Contractor at no additional cost to the owner.
9.3.4.3
Monitoring
The Contractor shall perform the following selected soil and atmospheric
analyses at the direction of the Engineer, but not more than once per week
with the exception of soil moisture and pH, for the length of the natural soil
filter maintenance period. The results of the analyses shall be recorded and
presented to the Engineer at the end of each month. Soil samples must be
taken so as not to disrupt the even distribution of air through the odor control
filter.
Atmospheric Hydrogen Sulfide
9/12
SECTION 9
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas concentrations shall be measured in the

atmosphere directly over the filter bed with a probe placed immediately
above the surface of the natural soil filter. The H2S levels shall be monitored
and recorded continuously.
Soil Moisture and pH
Soil moisture and pH shall be monitored and recorded continuously at a
depth of 0.75 meters from the natural soil filter surface using the soil
moisture and pH probes as specified in Clause 9.3.2.
Chlorides, Sulfides and Biological Analysis
Chloride and sulfide concentration shall be measured from soil sample
collected at a depth of approximately 0.75 meter from the natural soil filter
surface. A biological analysis shall be performed on the same soil samples to
identify biological organism in the filter media. The samples for these
analyses shall be taken once per month unless otherwise directed by the
Engineer.
9.3.4.4
Maintenance
Where excessive settling or discontinuities have occurred in the soil filter
media, the Contractor shall replace the entire soil/compost media or add
additional soil/compost mixture at the direction of the Engineer.
9.3.4.5
Acceptance Test
The Contractor shall test the porosity of the compacted soil/compost mixture
before placement and provide the results of the test to the Engineer.
9/13
SECTION 10
BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS
10.1
10.1.1
CONCRETE
Tolerance
Floor and roof slabs shall be level to a point within 5 mm of the level shown on
the drawings. Columns and beams shall have no irregularities exceeding 3 mm
in a 3m length. The position of the face of columns, beams and walls at any point
shall be within 5 mm of its position derived from the drawings.
10.1.2
Concrete Finish
All exposed concrete beams, columns and slab surface described as fair-faced
shall be Type f.f. as follows:Type f.f. shall be an as struck finish entirely free from honeycombing, stains,
pins, clippings, lining joint marks, nail and screw marks, raised grain marks, air
holes and surface defects and shall be uniform in colour tone and surface texture
with clean true faces and arises.
10.1.3
Construction Bays
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for his approval prior to concreting
his proposals for the sequence of placing concrete and the position of horizontal
and vertical construction joints.
10.1.4
Small Precast Items

Small precast items such as lintels, sills and padstones shall be built in as the
work proceeds and have a fair-faced Type f.f. finish where exposed to view and
hacked surfaces where plastered.
Lintels shall have a minimum bearing of 100 mm or larger if indicated on the
drawings and shall have inserts for fixing windows and/or doors cast-in.
Sills shall be weathered and have a throat as described, if projecting, and shall
have inserts for fixing windows and/or doors cast-in.
10.1.5
Cast-in Fixings
Cast-in fixings shall be securely fixed to formwork ready for casting and shall be
true to line in the positions shown on the drawings.
10/1
SECTION 10
10.1.6
Timber Cast-in Fixings

Timber cast-in fixings shall be made from 38 mm x 38 mm dovetailed shaped
softwood battens pressure impregnated with preservative.
10.2
10.2.1
Damp-Proof Course
Horizontal and vertical damp-proof courses shall be hessian based lead cored
bituminous damp-proof course weighing not less than 4.4 kg/m2 to accepted
standards and approved by the Engineer.
Horizontal damp-proof courses shall be laid on an even level bed of fresh mortar
and shall be lapped for the full width of the sheet at corners and junctions.
Stepped damp-proof courses shall be wide enough to be built in to both skins of
the wall and to cross the cavity in one piece.
Vertical damp-proof courses shall be continuous and shall be the width of the
block closing the reveal.
Damp-proof courses shall not be bridged with mortar.
10.2.2
Wall Ties
Wall ties shall be 18/8 stainless steel vertical twist type 200 mm long.
Wall ties shall be built in the mortar beds as the work proceeds and shall be
spaced at a maximum of 900 mm horizontally and 450 mm vertically and shall be
staggered. Each door and window opening shall have wall ties at each joint at 225
mm centres vertically.
10.2.3
Door and Window Frame Ties

As described for Joinery Fixing Accessories. Door and window frame ties shall
be fixed as described under Joinery Work.
10.2.4
Mastic
Mastic for pointing door and window frames shall be one part gun-grade
polysulphide mastic to accepted standards and approved by the Engineer.
10/2
SECTION 10
Mastic seals to windows or door frames shall be neatly gun applied to clean, solid
and dry backgrounds in one operation. The mastic shall be a triangular seal across
the whole joint and any surplus shall be cleaned off when set.
10.2.5
Brickwork and Blockwork

Brickwork and blockwork shall be as specified in Section 5.
10.2.6
Cement Mortar
Cement Mortar shall be as specified in Section 5.
10.2.7
Pointing
All pointing shall be done as the work proceeds and shall be flush with face of
blockwork.
10.2.8
Hollow Walls
Hollow walls shall be constructed with an outer skin of blockwork and an inner
skin of blockwork leaving a cavity of the widths shown. The two walls shall be
tied together with wall ties as described and the cavity shall be kept and left clear
of all droppings. Openings shall be left at intervals in the blockwork at the bottom
of the cavities and all debris shall be cleared out and the openings bricked up on
completion. Cavities shall be closed at opening reveals with either brick or block
to match the surrounding material and a continuous vertical damp-proof course
shall be built in.
10.3
ROOFING
10.3.1
Roof Screed
Roof screed shall be laid to fall over the concrete roof slab and have a minimum
thickness of 35 mm and maximum thickness of 75 mm. The screed shall be
thoroughly mixed 1:4 cement/sharp sand mix with very little water added. The
screed shall be laid and compacted and shall be levelled off and finished with a
steel trowel. Precautions must be taken to prevent rapid or excessive drying out.
10.3.2
Roof Primer
Primer for concrete shall be suitable for use with the waterproofing membrane
and shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
10/3
SECTION 10
10.3.3
Waterproofing Membrane
Flexible waterproofing membrane for roofing shall be bitumen based to accepted
standards and approved by the Engineer.
Surfaces to receive the membrane shall be smooth, dry and free from dust. The
membrane shall be laid on a primed surface and in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
10.3.4
Roof Insulation
Roof insulation shall be 75 mm thick closed cell non-absorbent rigid polystyrene
insulation board. The insulation boards shall be placed immediately after the
membrane has been laid.
10.3.5
Roof Surface
Roof surface shall be 50 mm thick 450 mm x 450 mm precast concrete paving
slabs laid dry.
10.3.6
Roof Decking
The roof decking shall be aluminium profiled sandwich sheeting fixed to Metsec
Z section purlins all in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The
Contractor shall provide working drawings and manufacturers literature for
approval before ordering the same.
10.3.7
Fascia Cladding
The fascia cladding shall be of single skin construction formed from profiled
aluminium sheeting with matching aluminium profiled flashings. The Contractor
shall provide working drawings and manufacturers literature for approval before
ordering the same.
10.4
JOINERY
10.4.1
Timber-General
Timber for joinery shall be air dried and the moisture content be allowed to
reduce until it reaches a level in equilibrium with local conditions. It will be
deemed to have reached equilibrium when the moisture content is 12% + 2%.
10/4
SECTION 10
10.4.2
Timber Sizes
Timber shall be 3 mm less per wrought or finished face than the sawn size.
10.4.3
Hardwood
Hardwood for joinery shall be sound, well conditioned
and seasoned Mahogany
3
or Meranti with an average density of 529 Kg/m and a moisture content of 12% +
2%. Exposed surfaces of joinery shall comply with the following requirements.
Knots
Checks & Shakes
:
:
Pitch Pockets
Plugs and Inserts
:
:
Pin knots up to 6 mm diameter will be permitted.

Checks up to 3 mm width and 300 mm long will be
permitted.
Not permitted unless cut out and filled.
Not permitted.
Joints and Lamination

Glue Lines
Rate of Growth
:
:
Slope of Grain
:
Species & Character :
Pinholes
:
Not permitted.
Not fewer that 8 growth rings per 25 mm at any
point on any cross section.
Not greater than 1 in 8.
Same on all surfaces and matched as far as possible.
Permitted if filled.
A sample of each representative section for use in the work shall be previously
submitted for approval by the Engineer's Representative.
10.4.4
Timber Fixing Accessories

Nails for fixing joinery shall be aluminium or sheradised mild steel.
Screws for fixing joinery shall be sheradised mild steel.
Bolts shall be stainless steel.
Adhesives for exterior use shall be synthetic resin types, weather and boil-proof,
complying with the approved standard. Adhesives for interior use shall be
synthetic resin types, moisture resistant and moderately weather resistant,
complying with the approved standard.
10/5
SECTION 10
Door frame and lining fixing cramps shall be of 25 mm wide x 14 swg thick x 250
mm girth stainless steel, one end turned up 50 mm and twice drilled and the end
fishtailed for building-in.
Dowels for fixing door frames shall be 10 mm dia. x 100 mm long stainless steel.
10.4.5
Timber Preservative
Timber preservative shall be water repellent and protect the timber from all wood
destroying fungi and insects particularly termites. The preservative shall be
applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions including treatment to
all ends, notches and joints in treated timber out on site.
10.4.6
Ironmongery
Ironmongery shall be as shown on the drawings.
10.4.7
Workmanship
All exposed faces of joiners work shall have wrought faces.
All arises shall be rounded to a 1.5 mm minimum radius unless specified or drawn
to a greater radius.
Where the term 'framing or framed' is used it shall mean all halvings, dovetails,
tenons and hardwood pins and the best known means of putting this work
together.
10.4.8
Storage
All joinery shall be protected from the weather during transit and shall be stored
under cover, clear of the ground in clean, dry ventilated conditions so as to
maintain the specified moisture content.
All framework shall be put together loosely and stored as described and shall not
be wedged and glued together until required for fixing.
10.4.9
Door Frames
External door frames shall be built-in as work proceeds with fixing cramps as
described. The fixing cramps shall be screwed to the back of the frames at 450
mm maximum centres with two sheradised screws 25 mm long. The fishtail ends
10/6
SECTION 10
shall be built-in to the brickwork or blockwork mortar joints as the work

proceeds.
10.4.10
Doors
External doors shall be hung on one and a half pairs of hinges unless otherwise
detailed, to give a maximum tolerance all round of 2 mm.
10.5
METALWORK
10.5.1
Aluminium
Aluminium alloy sections for aluminium shall be type H59 TF box sections.
10.5.2
Aluminium Louvers
Aluminium louvers shall be made from NS 4 H3 aluminium and have a natural or
bronze anodised finish. Sizes to be as shown on the drawings.
10.5.3
Aluminium Windows
Aluminium windows shall be manufactured by an approved specialist window
manufacturer from extruded aluminium sections mechanically cleated and sealed.
Glazing to be fixed into opening with clip on aluminium beads and gasket sealed.
Finish to windows to be natural anodised 25 microns in thickness. Windows are
to be fixed into openings with stainless steel screws and sealed all round in mastic
bedding.
10.5.4
Ironmongery
Rates for supplying and fixing ironmongery shall include for all boring, cutting,
mortising, sinking, making good, replacing damaged screws, oiling, adjusting,
leaving in good working order and mastering all locks.
Screws shall be of suitable gauge and material for the purpose and shall match the
item to be fixed.
10.6
PLUMBING
10.6.1
Copper Tubes
10/7
SECTION 10
Copper tubes shall be half hard copper tube of accepted standard approved by the
Engineer.
10.6.2
Copper Fittings, Waste Pipes, Ball Valves etc.

All fittings shall be of an accepted standard approved by the Engineer and as
described on the drawings.
10.6.3
uPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings

uPVC pressure pipes and fittings for water supply shall be of an accepted
standard approved by the Engineer.
10.6.4
Workmanship
The plumbing installation shall be carried out to the satisfaction and in
accordance with the Acts and By-laws of the Dubai Electricity and Water
Authority.
10.6.5
Pipework
All pipework shall be neatly executed in long lengths to avoid unnecessary
jointing. Horizontal pipes shall be fixed with a slight fall to prevent airlocks and
to enable the system to be easily drained down.
10.6.6
Copper Tube Fixing

Copper tube shall be fixed clear of walls and ceilings with two piece copper
spacing clips or with proprietary plastic pipe clips. Clips shall be at 1.20m
horizontally and 1.50m vertically for 15mm diameter pipes and at 1.80m and
2.40m respectively for 22mm and 28mm diameter pipes. Capillary joints shall be
neatly made with all surplus solder removed.
Screw threads on compression joints shall be wrapped with PTFE tape prior to
tightening.
10.6.7
Waste Pipes
uPVC waste pipes for sinks and urinals shall be fixed and jointed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions. Fixing clips shall be at 0.50m horizontally
and 1.20 m vertically and joints shall be by 'O' rings, seals or solvent cement.
Care shall be taken to allow for expansion in accordance with manufacturer's
instructions.
10/8
SECTION 10
10.6.8
Sleeves
uPVC sleeves shall be provided through walls and ceilings for pipes and shall be
internally 3 mm minimum larger than the pipes.
10.6.9
Testing
Soil and waste pipes shall be air tested for leaks to a pressure of 38 mm water
gauge, constant for three minutes.
Rainwater pipes shall be tested for leaks as above and gutters shall be tested by
filling with water to overflow level.
Testing shall be undertaken to hidden sections of pipework before they are
built-in.
All leaks found shall be rectified and retested.
10.6.10
Storage Tanks
GRP cold water storage tanks shall be placed on 2 nos. galvanised mild steel
brackets bolted to the wall.
10.7
PLASTERWORK & OTHER WALL, FLOOR & CEILING FINISHES
10.7.1
Cement
10.7.2
Cement shall be Portland Cement as described in Section 3.

Lime
Lime shall be the hydrated type to the approved standard.
10.7.3
Sand
Sand for plasterwork with gypsum plasters shall be suitable for use with the brand
of gypsum plaster used. Sand for rendering, internally and externally, and floor
screeds shall comply with Clause 5.1.3.
10.7.4
Gypsum Plasters
Gypsum plaster shall be of an accepted standard approved by the Engineer.
10/9
SECTION 10
10.7.5
Plaster Trims
Metal angle beads and plaster stops for plasterwork and plasterboard shall be
manufactured from galvanised mild steel.
10.7.6
Metal Lathing
Metal lathing shall be manufactured from galvanised mild steel having a
minimum shortway aperture of 6 mm.
10.7.7
Plasticizers
Plasticizers shall be an approved vinyl resin type and used in the manner and
proportions recommended by the manufacturer.
10.7.8
Bonding Agents
Bonding agents generally shall be an approved polyvinyl acetate (PVA) type and
used in the manner and proportions recommended by the manufacturer.
10.7.9
Storage
Plaster shall be stored in a building in dry condition on timber platforms and shall
be used within two months of manufacture.
Plasterboards shall be stored in a building in dry condition and shall be laid flat
and stacked on a sheet of polythene.
10.7.10
Floor Tiles
Vitrified and fully vitrified floor tiles shall be as detailed on the drawings.
Floor tiling shall be laid with a proprietary tile adhesive (approved by the
Engineer) either directly onto a clean, dry and level concrete sub-floor, or on a
cement/sand screed laid over the sub-floor. The sub-floor surface shall be
scabbled to remove all surface laitance prior to tiling or screeding. The screed
shall be mixed semi-dry by hand or in a pan mixer and shall be a 1:4
cement/sharp sand mix with just enough water to enable it to hold together when
squeezed in the hand. The sub-floor shall be kept damp for 24 hours and the
screed shall be laid and well compacted to a thickness of 56mm and brought to
the required levels using a draw float. The finished floor screed shall be kept
damp for a period of 7 days prior to commencement of tiling. The tile adhesive
shall be spread evenly by steel trowel to a thickness of 3mm onto which the clean,
10/10
SECTION 10
dry tiles shall be laid to give a 3mm minimum joint width. The tiles shall be
grouted with a proprietary and approved tile grout within a minimum period of 24
hours after laying.
10.7.11
Wall Tiles (Internal)

Coloured wall tiles shall be 152 x 152 x 5.5mm thick glazed tiles approved by the
Engineer.
10.7.12
Wall Tiles (External)

External wall tiles shall be as detailed on the drawings.
The concrete surface to receive tiling shall be prepared as follows :1)
Concrete surface to be 100% keyed by either bush hammering, hacking or

water scabbling of smooth surface.
2)
Concrete surface shall be thoroughly moistened and a concrete slurry mix

of one part cement to two parts of medium sharp sand applied as
splatterdash thrown onto concrete surface.
3)
While the surface is wet apply 1:3.5 mix sand/cement render to a thickness
of 12mm in two coats to a plumb and level finish and with wood float
finish.
The completed rendering is to be protected and allowed to dry slowly with

damping as necessary. After curing, the surface is to be allowed to dry completely
before the fixing of tiles.
Tiles shall be fixed with proprietary tile adhesive (approved by the Engineer). The
tiles are to be bedded strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
with 10mm joints between tiles.
At least 24 hours after fixing tiles are to be jointed using approved mortar.
Movement joints are to be formed between tiles in positions shown on the
drawings to the full depth of the tiles, bedding and render. Joints are to be 10mm
wide and are to be filled to within 8mm of surface with inert filler and finished
with 2 part polysulphide pointing in colour to match tile jointing.
10.7.13
Tile Adhesive
10/11
SECTION 10
Tile adhesive for floor and wall tiling shall be as recommended by the Tile
Manufacturer and used in accordance with the adhesive manufacturer's
instructions.
10.7.14
Tile Grout
Tile grout for floor or wall tiles shall be as recommended by the manufacturers of
the ceramic tiles and used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
10.7.15
Expansion Joints
Expansion joints in floor and wall tiling shall be 6.5 mm wide Polyethylene
backing strip with 6.5 mm wide approved silicone sealant, gun applied on the face
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Expansion joints in floor tiling shall be at 6 m maximum centres in both
directions and around the perimeter of rooms, over structural joints and around
machine bases and holes in the floor. The joints shall be the full depth of the floor
tiles, bedding and screed x 6.5 mm minimum width. The joints shall be primed
with two coats of approved primer and when dry, filled up to within 6 mm of the
tile finish with polyethylene compressible foam strip. An approved joint sealant
shall then be gun applied and tooled to a slightly concave smooth even finish.
10.7.16
Backgrounds
All backgrounds shall be clean, dry, free from efflorescence, paint, oil and dust
and adequately prepared to provide a good key. All loose, flaking and unsound
material shall be completely removed and all mortar joints shall be raked out, if
required, to a minimum depth of 10 mm. Concrete surfaces shall be well wetted
five minutes prior to plastering or rendering.
10.7.17
Dissimilar Materials
Joints between dissimilar materials such as blockwork and concrete shall be
covered with a 300 mm wide continuous strip of expanded metal lathing fixed to
both sides with masonry nails or plugs and screws at 200 mm centres.
10.7.18
Hacking
Concrete surfaces shall be well hacked to expose the aggregate thus providing a
firm coarse textured background.
10/12
SECTION 10
10.7.19
Dubbing Out
Dubbing out of all areas to receive plaster or render shall be in the same mix as
the subsequent coat, not exceeding 10 mm thickness in one application, and shall
be allowed to harden.
10.7.20
Splatterdash or Stipple Coat

Splatterdash or stipple coats shall consist of 1:1.5 cement/sharp sand mixed with
50% water/50% PVA bonding agent to form a thick slurry. The mixture shall be
vigorously brushed onto the background and stippled to give a close textured key.
The resulting finish shall be kept damp to prevent rapid drying out and allowed to
harden for seven days minimum before subsequent coats are applied.
10.7.21
Internal Finishes-General
All internal finishes shall not commence until the building is watertight, including
glazing, and reasonably dried out.
10.7.22
Internal Render
Internal render shall be applied to concrete blocks as follows :The render shall be two coat work comprising a stipple coat as described
previously and a finishing coat giving a maximum thickness of 12 mm. The mix
shall be in the proportion 1:1:6 cement/lime/sand. The render shall be kept damp
for a minimum of three days. All window and door openings must be closed to
prevent through draughts causing rapid drying out.
10.7.23
Stucco
A PVA copolymer based putty for concrete and plaster shall be applied, in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, to the surface of the internal
render after curing has taken place. The stucco shall only be applied in sufficient
thickness to seal the surface of the render and remove minor surface irregularities
to give a smooth surface ready to receive the decorative finish.
10.7.24
External Render
External render shall be applied to concrete, concrete blocks and clay bricks as
follows :-
10/13
SECTION 10
The render shall be three coat work comprising a stipple coat as described
previously, an undercoat and a finish coat giving a maximum thickness of 16 mm.
The mixes shall be in the proportions shown on the schedule of mixes. The
undercoat shall be level, true and of sufficient thickness to prevent the
background joints showing through and shall be kept damp for three days before
applying the final coat.
Where shown on the drawings the final coat shall be approximately 5 mm thick
coloured Tyrolean open honeycombed texture machine applied render.
A key for the final coat shall be provided by combing the undercoat prior to
setting with wavy lines 20 mm apart and 5 mm deep. The final coat shall be 6 mm
minimum thickness and worked to a level and smooth finish with a wooden float
with clean, true and level arises. The whole shall be protected from rapid drying
out in hot, dry and windy weather.
Table 10-1. Schedule of Mixes for External Render
Concrete,Concrete Blocks Aerated Concrete Blocks
Mix Type
or Engineering Bricks
of Soft Clay Bricks
Undercoat
Finish
Undercoat Finish
Cement:Lime:Sand
Cement:Ready-Mixed
Lime / Sand
Cement:Sand with
Plasticizers
10.8
GLAZING
10.8.1
Glass
1:1.5:4
to 4.5
1:4
to 4.5
1:3
to 4
1:1:5
to 6
1:5
to 6
1:5
to 6
1:2:8
to 9
1:8
to 9
1:7
to 8
1:2:8
to 9
1:8
to 9
1:7
to 8
Glass for glazing shall be the best of its respective kind and free from blemishes
and imperfections. Glass shall be as shown on the drawings.
10.8.2
Bedding Compound
The bedding compound for external glazing shall be an approved non-setting
butyl rubber based proprietary compound and sufficiently elastic to allow for
thermal or other movement of the glass and timber, compatible with the approved
decorative wood stain.
The bedding compound shall show no sign of separation after bedding.
10/14
SECTION 10
10.9
PAINTING AND DECORATING
10.9.1
Painting-General
All primers, oil bound undercoats and finishes, emulsions and polyurethane
interior varnishes shall be used in strict accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations and shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer.
Only fresh paint delivered to site in original sealed containers shall be used. Each
container shall be labelled with the manufacturer's name, contents, colour,
quantity, batch number and date and instruction on method of application.
10.9.2
Exterior Stain
Pigmented stain shall be PX 65 as manufactured by Sadolin's Ltd., and used in
accordance with their recommendations, or other equal and approved, two coats
before fixing and one coat after fixing.
10.9.3
Workmanship
All painting shall be carefully executed with clean brushes and in the best manner
and applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
All paints, stains and varnishes shall be well stirred before use and thinned only in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Painting of exterior work shall not be carried out in wet, dusty or foggy weather
and interior work shall not proceed in dusty conditions.
All woodwork shall be prepared to a fine clean finish by scraping or sanding all
made dust free immediately before painting and coating.
10.9.4
Stopping to Plaster
Plaster shall be clean and dry and free from loose material. Holes and cracks shall
be cut back and solidly filled, allowed to dry and rubbed down smooth.
10.9.5
Steel Priming
10/15
SECTION 10
Mild steel shall be blast cleaned and primed with two coats of primer within four
hours of cleaning.
Galvanised mild steel shall be degreased with white spirit and primed with two
coats of primer.
10.9.6
Oil-Based Paint
Interior primed softwood and all primed mild steel shall be painted with two
undercoats and one gloss or semi-matt finish coat of oil-based paint to give a
smooth, even and solid finish, all as instructed. Each coat shall dry overnight
before applying further coats.
10.9.7
Internal Finish to Walls

The paint finish to internal walls shall be PVA copolymer matt emulsion paint or
as detailed on the drawings.
10.9.8
Ironmongery
All fixed ironmongery except hinges shall be removed before painting and refixed
on completion.
10/16
SECTION 12
SAFETY PROCEDURES
12.1
GENERAL
The Contractor shall be responsible for the safety of personnel and the public during
the contract period and compliance with safety requirements stated herein shall not
relieve the Contractor of his responsibility or liability under the Contract.
Prior to the commencement of the Works, the Contractor shall submit a safety policy
for the Contract detailing all proposed specific safety arrangements for the
agreement of the Engineer. This shall include but not be limited to the requirements
set out in this section.
If at any time safety requirements are not being met by the Contractor, the Engineer
shall have the right to instruct the Contractor on the necessary safety provisions and
the Contractor shall comply with such instructions forthwith.
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer immediately of any accident that occurs
whether on or off site in which the Contractor is directly involved which results in
any injury to any person whether directly concerned with the site or whether a third
party. Such initial notification may be verbal and shall be followed by a written
comprehensive report within 24 hours of the accident.
12.2
FAMILIARISATION WITH SAFETY PROBLEMS

The Contractor shall make himself familiar with the condition of the site before
tendering in order to assess the nature of safety problems he is likely to encounter
and the safety requirements.
12.3
SAFETY OFFICER
The Contractor shall appoint a Safety Officer who shall be responsible for all aspects
of safety. He shall be conversant with and experienced in all general civil
engineering construction and sewer safety techniques and emergency procedures,
and shall be on site at all times operatives are working. He shall enforce and
supervise the safety procedures at all places of works and make sure that adequate
safety equipment, required under Clause 12.5, is available in good working
condition and at all places of works at the time works are on-going.
The Safety Officer shall also be responsible for organizing, implementing and
maintaining any road closures, traffic diversions, removal of parked cars causing an
obstruction, etc., in adequate time to ensure compliance with the Contract
programme.
12/1
SECTION 12
SAFETY PROCEDURES
12.4
SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS AT THE SITE

The Contractor shall provide Method Statements detailing proposed safe methods of
work with the Tender. The methods should generally follow the recommendations
of the following publications:
1)
Code of Construction Safety Practice as published by the Dubai Municipality.
2)
Administrative Order No. 330 in connection with Safety Manual of Dubai

Municipality.
3)
Health and Safety Guideline No. 2, Safe Working in Sewers and at Sewage
Works as published in the United Kingdom.
Accident procedures and emergency procedures shall be fully detailed.

No persons shall be allowed to enter a confined space until the safe methods of work
have been agreed upon and fully implemented to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
12.5
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
The Contractor shall make sure, prior to commencement of works on site, that
adequate safety equipment, apparatus and devices are available, and that as a
minimum the following equipment and devices are available at each entry point to a
confined space:Type of Equipment
No. Required
a. Safety harness and ropes

b. Lifting frame and tackle for safety harness
c. Gas detector (suitable for H2S)
d. Approved mechanical air blower and power supply
e. Emergency breathing apparatus
f.Atmosphere monitoring device, capable
of monitoring oxygen levels, and levels
of toxic and flammable gas
g. Washing facilities with disinfectants, toiletries
h. Communication facilities
i. Lighting (explosion proof)
2
1
2
1
2
1
As Required
As Required
As Required
All personnel working on, visiting or inspecting any part of the Works shall be
provided with and be required to wear appropriate protective clothing or apparatus.
This may include:12/2
SECTION 12
SAFETY PROCEDURES
Safety helmets, coats, gloves, footwear, goggles, ear muffs, breathing apparatus and
any other protective apparel or any other equipment deemed necessary by the
Engineer.
Every hoist, lift, sling, chain, rope, pulley block and any other lifting tackle, used in
the Works shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once every 6
months and shall be test loaded to 150% of the safe working load and shall then be
tagged with the safe working load and the date of successful testing by an authorised
testing authority.
All parts and working gear whether fixed or movable, including the anchoring and
fixing appliances of every crane and lifting machine shall be of good construction,
sound material, adequate strength and shall be properly maintained. All parts and
gear shall be examined at least once every twelve months.
A register of all such equipment and examinations shall be kept up to date by the
Contractor and be available for inspection by the Engineer.
12.6
SAFETY PROCEDURES
12.6.1
General
All excavation shall be adequately supported against collapse and provided with
protective safety barriers and appropriate warning signs and bunting.
Suitable and sufficient scaffolds shall be provided and properly maintained for all
work that cannot safely be carried out from the ground or from part of the structure
or from a ladder. Every scaffold shall be of good construction, of suitable and sound
material and of adequate strength for the purpose for which it is used. Unless
designed as an independent structure, every scaffold shall be rigidly connected to a
part of the structure which is of sufficent strength to afford safe support. Protective
headgear shall always be worn.
All manufacturers instructions and recommendations for the use, application,
erection or construction of any material or item of equipment or plant shall be
followed precisely.
Special care shall be taken to protect all employees when using power tools or
materials which will produce a fine dust and in particular all asbestos based
products. The operator should stand upwind of the operation and wear an approved
respirator and goggles. Wherever possible overalls should be worn and should
consist of 60% polyester fibre and 40% cotton.
Transportation of any material by the Contractor shall be in suitable vehicles which
when loaded do not cause spillage and all loads shall be suitably secured. The
12/3
SECTION 12
SAFETY PROCEDURES
Engineer shall have the right to instruct the withdrawal from the site of any vehicle
which does not comply with these requirements or any of the Dubai or UAE traffic
regulations and laws.
The Contractor shall adopt the safety procedures as proposed by him as per Clause
12.4 for entry into a manhole or other confined space. However, the following
safety procedures are outlined as a guide only. The Contractor shall, where
appropriate, use these procedures in addition to his proposed procedures while
entering into a manhole or a confined space. Also included are additional
information on safety procedures for manhole entry in Appendix 3 contained in Part
3 of 3 of these Specifications for his guidance and use where appropriate.
It shall be explicitly understood that safety is the responsibility of the Contractor and
use of any of these procedures as outlined under this clause or in Appendix 3 shall
not relieve him of any of his contractual responsibilities.
a) The manhole or confined space shall be thoroughly vented by mechanical air
blower prior to entry.
b) A full gas check is to be undertaken prior to entry. If the level of toxic or
explosive gases is above the safe level (maximum acceptable for hydrogen
sulphide is 10 ppm) or the level of oxygen is below a safe level (18%) then
entry is not permitted without the use of full breathing apparatus.
c) All persons entering a manhole or a confined space shall wear a safety harness
properly rigged to the lifting frame.
d) The mechanical air blower shall be kept close by the manhole or confined space
which has been entered.
e) The hydrogen sulphide level in the manhole or confined space shall be
continuously monitored. If the level rises above 10 ppm then the manhole or
confined space shall be evacuated immediately.
f)
At least two people shall be available close to the point of entry to operate the
air blower and lifting tackle in the event of an emergency and who shall note the
location of the nearest telephone in working order and the telephone number of
the nearest hospital before entry is permitted.
g) No smoking shall be permitted and no spark tools shall be used.

12.6.2
Atmosphere Monitoring
12/4
SECTION 12
SAFETY PROCEDURES
When any person is in a confined space, the atmosphere at the work place and at the
base of the access manhole or pit shall be continuously monitored by a Monitoring
Device to detect oxygen deficiency, flammable gas and toxic gases. The monitoring
equipment shall be designed to be lowered into the work place or access manhole
and shall not depend on a sample draw tube from the surface. The monitoring
equipment shall be the first piece of equipment to be lowered into the place of work
and shall be the last piece of equipment removed.
The Contractor shall provide, maintain and calibrate the approved monitoring
equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The Contractor shall
provide adequate numbers of monitoring devices to fully cover all proposed work
places and open manholes or access pits with adequate spare devices, parts and
batteries as needed to ensure complete monitoring of all sites of work at all times
throughout the construction period. No entry into a confined space shall be allowed
until the monitoring devices have been properly placed at the work place or access
site and the readings indicate that the atmosphere is safe. Operatives are to be fully
trained in the use of the monitoring equipment and in the necessary response to
alarm conditions.
12.6.3
Atmosphere Ventilation
Before any person is allowed to enter a confined space, the atmosphere shall be
adequately ventilated. As a minimum, both ends of the sewer section or work place
shall be opened to the atmosphere either by removing the manhole covers or through
open access pits. Positive ventilation shall be provided at all times when a person is
in a confined space, even if the atmosphere monitoring equipment indicates that the
atmosphere is safe for access.
12.6.4
Safety Harness
Each person entering a confined space shall wear a harness at all times. The harness
shall be designed such that it will enable an unconscious person to be lifted to the
surface in a vertical posture.
12.6.5
Emergency Breathing Apparatus

Each person in a confined space shall have emergency breathing apparatus available
and ready for use within the confined space. The breathing apparatus shall have a
minimum capacity of 2 litres and a working pressure of 200 bar and shall be tested
daily, prior to starting work.
12.6.6
Active Confined Space Entry
12/5
SECTION 12
SAFETY PROCEDURES
Before any person is allowed to enter a confined space that is in active service, the
Contractor shall ascertain the schedule of sewage flows which can be anticipated
over the duration of the work. This shall include average and peak gravity sewage
flows and the discharge flows from all upstream pumping stations. Should the
combined gravity and pumped flows exceed safe working conditions at the work
place, then the Contractor shall prepare a plan for the control and diversion of flows
around or away from the work place. The method of flow diversion shall be as
approved by the Engineer and by the Dubai Municipality. A "permit to work"
system shall be employed for work on sewers where incoming flows (from pumping
or diversion) are controlled by people remote from the work site.
12.6.7
Washing Facilities
Every work place where persons are entering a confined space, shall be provided
with facilities for washing.
12.6.8
Communication
The Contractor shall provide a means of communication, appropriate to the safe
system of work, between ground level and any work place within the confined
space.
12.6.9
Lighting
When permanent works are being constructed or inspected, the confined space shall
be adequately lit. The lighting apparatus shall operate at a voltage not exceeding
50 Volts. The circuit shall be protected against overload. No transformers, switches,
fuses, contact breakers, etc., shall be taken into the confined space. Bulbs shall be
protected against damage.
12.7
TRAFFIC CONTROL
Prior to initiating any work at a site, the Contractor shall prepare, for the approval of
the Engineer, a plan for the diversion and control of traffic around the work site. The
approved traffic control plan shall be submitted to the Dubai Municipality Roads
Department and Dubai Traffic Police for review. Work at the Site may not
commence until the traffic control plan has been approved by the Dubai
Municipality Roads Department and Dubai Traffic Police.
The traffic control plan shall include a street plan of the work site showing all traffic
lanes and building access drives that will be affected by the work. The proposed
system of traffic diversions and the manner of control shall be clearly illustrated,
including the location and types of traffic cones, warning signs and warning lights to
be used. The plan should indicate the anticipated schedule of works for which traffic
12/6
SECTION 12
SAFETY PROCEDURES
must be diverted. Road diversions and road signs shall conform to Clause 1.3.4 and
to Appendix 1 contained in Part 3 of 3 of the Specifications.
The traffic control plan shall take into consideration the requirements of the work
crew for access to the work site, for positioning and parking of vehicles needed for
the work and for the temporary storage of equipment and materials.
12/7

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SPECIFICATION

SITE OFFICE FOR ENGINEERS REPRESENTATIVE

CLEARING AND GRUBBING

REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

PROTECTION OF EXISTING SERVICES AND REINSTSATEMENT

MIXING AND TESTING

TRANSPORTING AND PLACING CONCRETE

FAULTY CONCRETE WORK

SUPERVISION OF CONCRETE WORK

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FORMWORK

READY MIXED CONCRETE

PRECAST CONCRETE KERBS, EDGINGS & QUADRANTS

IN-SITU CONCRTE EDGING

PIPES, PIPEWORK, MANHOLES AND CHAMBERS

GRANULAR MATERIAL FOR PIPE BEDDING

CONVENTIONAL (OPEN TRENCH) PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

Stanks to Pipelines in Granular Bedding

PIPEWORK WITHIN STRUCTURES

MANHOLES, CHAMBERS, AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES

DUBAI MUNICIPALITY STANDARDS FOR COVERS AND GRATINGS

BRICKWORK AND BLOCKWORK

INSPECTION AND TESTING OF PIPELINES AND STRUCTURES

CLEANING AND INSPECTION OF PIPELINES

TESTING OF WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES

CORROSION PROTECTION AND ODOUR CONTROL

INSTALLATION - PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND LINERS TO

ODOUR CONTROL FACILITIES

BRICKWORK AND BLOCKWORK

UPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings

PLASTERWORK & OTHER WALL, FLOOR & CEILING FINISHES

PAINTING AND DECORATING

FAMILIARISATION WITH SAFETY PROBLEMS

SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS AT THE SITE

MICRO TUNNELING AND PIPE JACKING

MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL

GENERAL, ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SPECIFICATION

DRAWINGS AND INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR ELECTRICAL AND

DRAWINGS AND INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR ELECTRICAL AND

WORKMANSHIP AND DESIGN OF PLANT

INITIAL CHARGES OF OILS AND OTHER CONSUMABLES

TOOLS AND LUBRICANTS

DELIVERY OF SPARES, TOOLS AND LUBRICANTS

PPROTECTION AND PACKING FOR SHIPMENT/STORAGE

17.10 AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF PLANT

17.20 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

HV AND LV FACTORY BUILT ASSEMBLIES (F.B.AS)

EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND SWITCH

FUSE-SWITCHES AND FUSE-SWITCH DISCONNECTORS

INSTRUMENT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

18.12 MOTOR STARTERS

18.21 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF LIGHTING AND SMALL POWER

18.25 CABLING METHODS

PRESSURE AND COMPOUND GUAGE FOR SEWAGE & SLUDGE

CENTRIFUGAL FANS (AIR BLOWERS)

SUPPORTS AND FIXINGS

SUPPORT OF PIPEWORK AND VALVES

MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL

METAL AND PLASTIC MATERIALS

METAL AND PLASTIC PREFABRICATED ITEMS

ODOUR CONTROL EQUIPMENT

STANDBY DIESEL GENERATION PLANT

FIRE ALARM & EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM

"ISO" means International Standards Organisation.