AP Human Geography

Ch. 3 Study Guide 1

Population Fundamentals
1. What does population geography focus on?

2. What is demography?

3. In what ways does population geography go beyond demography?

4. What type of map is used to depict the uneven distribution of population

globally in Figure 3.1 on pg. 66?

5. According to the pie chart in Figure 3.1 what percentage of the world
population do China and India make up respectively?

6. What does density express in terms of population?

7. What two measures of population density do geographers use?

8. How is arithmetic density calculated?

9. What is the drawback of arithmetic density?

10.What does physiological density take into account?

11.How is it calculated?

12.What are the two most important causes of population change?

13.What does fertility refer to in terms of population?

14.What does mortality refer to in terms of population?

15.What two measures do population geographers use to determine fertility in a

population?

16.Why is crude birth rate considered crude?

17.What country has the lowest CBR?

18.What countries have the highest?

19.What does total fertility rate help population experts with?

20.Define replacement level (give the number as well).

21.Why is the replacement level TFR 2.1 and not 2.0?

22.What theoretically happens when countries reach a TFR of 2.1?

23.List direct biological and behavioral factors that impact fertility rates.

24.What type of factors are considered to have an indirect impact on fertility

(there are 4)?

25.What caused fertility in the U.S. to drop in 2007?

26.How did this lead to a decline in fertility?

27.Why are children considered an economic investment in developing

countries?

28.What factor is often associated with high fertility rates?

29.What other factor is also associated with this?

30.What is linked to delays in marriage and childbirth, as well as lower rates of

teen pregnancy?

31.What are policies that promote or limit fertility known as (2)?

32.Why might a country want to raise their fertility rate?

33.What incentives does France give to families to encourage fertility?

34.What country instituted the most well known anti-natalist policy?

35.How far had their TFR fallen by 1979?

36.How did the Chinese government feel about this population decline?

37.What did they do in response?

38.Did this policy apply equally to all Chinese citizens? Explain why it did or
didnt.

39.When did Chinas fertility rate drop below replacement level?

40.According to Figure 3.3, how many countries TFRs are at or below

replacement level?

41.What continent has the lowest TFR?

42.What region of the world has TFRs over 5.0?

43.What is the standard measure of mortality?

44.What countries have the lowest CDRs?

45.What countries have the highest CDRs?

46.What accounts for a big chunk of the deaths in these countries?

47.What natural factors can impact CDR?

48.How much did the CDR increase in New Orleans after Hurrican Katrina?

49.What economic factor can have a large impact on CDR?

50.What political/social factors can increase a countrys CDR?

51.Does having a high CDR necessarily mean that a country is less developed?
Explain your answer.

52.What two demographic measures reflect quality of life?

53.How is life expectancy calculated?

54.Who typically has a longer life expectancy, men or women?

55.What was the average life expectancy in 1900?

56.What is it now?

57.What have population geographers taken to calling areas were life

expectancy are exceptionally long?

58.What factors can cause life expectancy to decline?

59.By how many years did the average life expectancy for a man in Russia
decline after the collapse of the Soviet Union?

60.In what part of the world has life expectancy been impacted the most by
HIV/AIDS?

61.By how much have life expectancies in some countries in this region
dropped due to the spread of HIV/AIDS?

62.What do high infant mortality rates signal about a countries development?

63.What was the infant mortality rate in the U.S. in around 1900?

64.What is it today?

65.What is causing infrant mortality rates in Sub-Saharan African countries to

be as high as 100?