AP Human Geography

Chapter 10 Study Guide (Part 3)

1. What transforms a product and adds value to it?

2. How can this added value be measured?

3. How is this calculated?

4. What were the two stages in the shift in the geography of

manufacturing during the 1970s?

5. What other economic indicators paralleled Japans manufacturing

success?

6. What other four newly industrialized economies began to take

shape in Asia during the 1970s?

7. What are these four countries known as collectively?

8. What countries were included in the second tier of newly

industrialized economies in Asia during the 1980s?

9. What three factors lead to the transformation of these newly

industrialized economies in Asia during the 1970s and 1980s?

10.
What industry helped fuel the initial production of manufactured
goods for export in most of these newly industrialized economies?

11.
What have most of the newly industrialized economies in
Asia competed with each other over?

12.
In the 1990s, what type of manufacturers opened facilities in
Singapore?

13.
Where did Seagate move their to major production plants to in
1996?

14.
Where did Western Digital move their manufacturing operations
to shortly thereafter?

15.

What role does Singapore now play in the hard drive industry?

16.
What Asian country has seen rapid growth in the production of
high-technology products, but is not technically classified as a newly
industrialized economy?

17.

What are export processing zones also known as?

18.

How do they work?

19.
What type of incentives to export processing zones offer to
industries?

20.

Roughly how large are export processing zones on average?

21.
How much did the number of EPZs in periphery (3rd world) and
semi periphery (2nd world) countries between 1975 and 2006?

22.

How many people are employed by EPZs?

23.

How many of those employed by EPZs are in China?

24.

Who makes up a majority of the workforce in many EPZs?

25.
What have EPZs been promoted as in periphery (3rd world)
countries?

26.

What economic benefits can EPZs provide?

27.
What downsides are there to EPZs from a geographic and labor
standpoint?

28.

What positive benefits have EPZs had for workers?

29.

How have EPZs been criticized for their treatment of workers?

30.
What Asian country has seen large-scale labor unrest due to low
wages, long hours, and failure to pay workers overtime by EPZs?

31.

What is a maquiladora?

32.

How can they be compared to EPZs?

33.
Historically what country have maquiladoras been associated
with?

34.

What does the term encompass today?

35.
What government based strategy were maquiladoras a part of
in Mexico?

36.
What trade agreement passed between the U.S., Mexico, and
Canada made this possible?

37.

What year was it passed an implemented?

38.
What factors led to the surge in the development of
maquiladoras in Mexico?

39.

Where are maquiladoras most heavily concentrated?

40.

In what ways do maquiladoras benefit the U.S. economy?

41.

What negative impacts have maquiladoras had on Mexico?

42.

Explain special economic zones.

43.

When was this policy implemented in China?

44.

What was unique about the early SEZs in China? .

45.

What similarities are there between SEZs and EPZs?

46.

What two characteristics make them different from each other?

47.
How many cities did China open to foreign investment and SEZs
in 1984?

48.

What do companies like Nike, Reebok, Ikea, and Gap not own?

49.

How are their products manufactured then?

50.
How much of Nikes manufacturing is offshored to Southeast
Asian countrie?

51.

How much to China?

52.
What Chinese company subcontracts and manufactures for
Apple?

53.
What do subcontracted manufacturers in Asia sometimes do with
the work they have agreed to?

54.

What problem does this create?

55.
What three important geographic consequences has offshoring
had (in brief)?