AP Human Geography

Chapter 8 Study Guide (Part 2)

Urban Structure
1. What 3 factors affect the structure of cities? List and define each.

2. What 2 impacts can suburbanization have on a city?

3. What type of agglomeration do suburbs often begin as?

4. What are the 3 primary categories of land use in cities according to

urban geographers?

5. How does functional zonation relate to these categories?

6. The ____________________ of ______________________ is one economic

force that has a strong influence on land use in cities.

7. What does land value reflect? What is the general rule related to this?

8. What model helps to visualize the impact land value has on land use?

9. What exactly does this model show related to land value?

10.

What types of land use can be excluded by high land values?

11.

Who can sometimes intervene to change land use patterns?

12.
What method do they use to intervene and limit land use
patterns?

13.
What sociologist developed the concentric zone model? In
what year?

14.

What U.S. city was his model based on?

15.

What was his basic argument about urban growth?

16.
In Burgesss view, what did the competition for space and
resources between groups lead to?

17.
According to Burgess, what would trigger a change in this
system?

18.
What do critics of Burgesss concentric zone model point to
as flaws?

19.
What model of land-use patterns and the spatial structure of
cities was developed in 1939 by economist Homer Hoyt?

20.
What did Hoyts model emphasis that Burgesss model failed to
account for?

21.
How did Hoyt describe the arrangement and movement of
people within the city based on socio-economic levels?

22.

What term did Hoyt coin to describe this process?

23.
What model developed in 1945 by urban geographers Chauncy
Harris and Edward Ullman as an alternate way to understand the urban
spatial structure in North American cities?

24.
What key observation did Harris and Ullman make about spatial
structure of cities?

25.

List several example of possible nuclei within a city.

26.
What do none of the traditional models developed to describe
the spatial arrangement of North American cities take into account?

27.
What alternate model was introduced in 1964 by geographer
James Vance?

28.

What city were Vances observation based on?

29.

What did Vance notice about the surrounding suburbs?

30.

How are the suburbs traditionally linked to the central city?

31.
Explain briefly how the automobile made the development of
what Vance referred to as edge cities possible. (Not specifically
stated in the book! Put your thinking cap on!)

32.
The urban realms model indicates that what factor has a
major impact on the shape of cities?

33.
What medieval characteristics do many European cities still
retain?

34.
Describe the 6 centralizing tendencies that have influenced
Western European cities. (Dont write them word for word. Condense
and summarize, just dont miss the main point!)

35.
What factor influenced the development of Eastern European
cities from 1945-1989?

36.
What crucial difference existed between North American cities,
Western European cities, and so-called socialist Eastern European
cities?

37.
How was residential land used in socialist cities in Eastern
Europe?

38.
What differences were there between the use of residential land
in North American cities and Western European cities vs. Eastern
European cities?

39.
What has helped to transform these Eastern European cities after
the collapse of communist/socialist rule?

40.
What were the primary purposed for colonial cities in Latin
America, Africa and Asia?

41.

What social characteristic defined colonial cities?

42.
Why do many geographers prefer the term hybrid city rather
than colonial city?

43.
What similarities do Islamic cities have with cities in
medieval Europe?

44.
What influences has Islam had on the structure of cities in the
Muslim world (summarize several)?