Scientific Name: Tragalus nigricans

Common Name: Philippine Mouse-deer

Habitat and Geographical Description:
The species was previously found in a fairly wide variety of habitats throughout the island of Guam, including
the edges of mangroves, wooded coastal lowlands, coconut palms and mixed upland forest and also large
gardens with plenty of timber. The breeding season was between December and July, with the nest excavated
into a rotten tree.

Feeding and Mating Behavior:

Micronesian kingfishers are terrestrial forest generalists that tend to be somewhat secretive. On Pohnpei, the
birds can be observed foraging along forest edges and from phone wires, while they are less conspicuous on
the Palau islands. The birds nest in cavities excavated from soft-wooded trees and arboreal termitaria, on
Guam while they are apparently obligate termitaria nesters on Pohnpei. Micronesian kingfishers defend
permanent territories as breeding pairs and family groups. Both sexes care for young, and some offspring
remain with parents for extended periods and through subsequent breeding attempts on Pohnpei.

Scientific Name: Tarsius syrichta

Common Name: Philippine Tarsier
Habitat and Geographical Description:
The eastern great egret has a wide distribution throughout Asia and Oceania, with breeding
populations in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, China, Korea, northeastern Russia, Japan, Indochina, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Australia,
and New Zealand. The egret breeds across Australia but only rarely in the southwest of the
continent or dry interior. The largest colonies within Australia are in the Top End and Channel
Country, which can number several thousand pairs. Colonies in the southeast of Australia can
number several hundred pairs.

Feeding and Mating Behavior:

The diet includes vertebrates such as fish, frogs, small reptiles, small birdsand rodents, and invertebrates
such as insects, crustaceans, and molluscs. The eastern great egret hunts by wading or standing still in
shallow water and "spearing" prey with its bill. The eastern great egret often breeds in colonies with other
herons, egrets,cormorants, spoonbills and ibises. One brood is raised a year, although the breeding season
Scientific
Name:
Rousettus
aegyptiacus
varies within
Australia.
In the north
of the country it is in March to May, in southern and central Queensland
Common
Name:
Egyptian
Fruit Bat
December
and January,
and October
to December in the south. Located atop trees at a height of 20 m or
more, the nest is a flat wide platform of dry branches and sticks with a shallow basin for eggs and young. The
Habitat
and Geographical
Description:
clutch consists
of anywhere from
two to six pale blue-green eggs, with three or four being the usual number.
Gentoo penguins typically are found along the shoreline. This allows the penguins to be able to quickly access
food while remaining close to their nest. They prefer elevations close to 115 meters above sea level along the
shore because the snow in these areas tends to melt first. The higher the altitude, the decreased likelihood of
nest-flooding as the snow starts to melt during the summer. The terrain in these areas is also flat which helps
to stabilize their nests. Gentoo penguins prefer north-facing locations for nesting, which is thought to be linked
to absorbing solar radiation. Pygoscelis papua has a circumpolar breeding distribution that ranges in latitude
from Cape Tuxon on the Antarctic Peninsula to the Crozet Islands

Feeding and Mating Behavior:

Gentoos live mainly on crustaceans, such as krill, with fish making up only about 15% of the diet. However,
they are opportunistic feeders, and around the Falklands are known to take roughly equal proportions of fish.
Females' choice of male mates is based on male behaviors. First, the male gentoos find the best spot for a
potential nest. The prime areas are those that are flat with little to no snow or ice. Once a potential nest site is
chosen, the males point their bills vertically in the air and bellow out calls. The calls announce to the females
to come and investigate their nest site. If a female waddles by and "likes" the nest site, the male and female
will mutually display by trumpeting or bowing. Gentoo penguins are monogamous during a breeding season,
with some pair bonds lasting a lifetime. "Divorces" do occur between breeding seasons. In this case, females
choose a new partner that has displayed greater reproductive success.

Scientific Name: Bubalus nigricans

Common Name: Tamaraw
Habitat and Geographical Description:
European starlings are found in all of the world's biogeographic regions except the Neotropics and Antarctica.
They are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. In this native range they can be found from Central Siberia
in the east to the Azores in the west, from Norway in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south. The
northern and eastern most populations in the native range are migratory. Migrating birds spend the winter in
western and southern Europe, Africa north of the Sahara, Egypt, northern Arabia, northern Iran, and the plains
of northern India. The European Starling is a bird of lowlands, found mainly on non-mountainous terrain.
During breeding season, these birds require holes for nesting, as well as fields of vegetation for feeding.

Feeding and Mating Behavior:

European starlings eat a wide variety of foods. They take both plant and animal foods at all times of the year. Young birds
eat mostly animal foods such as soft invertebrates. The adults eat primarily plant foods. They forage for food by searching
on the ground in open areas with short or sparse vegetation. Starlings sometimes follow farm equipment as it turns up the
soil. They also feed in intertidal zones, sewage treatment beds, garbage, farmyards, and feeding areas for domestic stock.
They will feed in trees where there are ripening fruit or large numbers of Lepidoptera. Foods eaten include seeds, insects,
small vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and fruits. Breeding season generally begins in the spring and ends in early
summer (for the Northern Hemisphere, from late March until early July and for the Southern Hemisphere, from September

Scientific Name: Lagenodelphis hosei

Common Name: Bornean Doplhin/Frasers Dolphin

to December). The length of the breeding season fluctuates from year to year. Endemic starlings in Europe commonly go
through three distinct phases of breeding, each resulting in a clutch of eggs. The first clutch, containing about five eggs, is
usually synchronized with egg laying of other starlings in the area. The second or "intermediate clutch" of eggs, is the result

Habitat and Geographical Description:

of the starlings' polygynous practice. The third clutch, which is not as synchronized as the first, typically occurs about forty

Casuarius casuarius is found in New Guinea, including the islands of Seram and Aru, and northeastern Australia. It occurs throughout the lowlands of New Guinea except for the northern watershed from the
Vogelkop to the Huon Peninsula. In Papua and adjacent islands, its status is unclear, but it may be more
common than in Papua New Guinea. In Papua New Guinea, it has declined, and is now absent in some
locations, including remote areas. In Australia, there are 3 subpopulations in Queensland. The southern and
largest population ranges from the Paluma Range north of Townsville to Mt Amos.

Feeding and Mating Behavior:

It forages on the forest floor for fallen fruit and is capable of safely digesting some fruits toxic to other animals.
They also eat fungi, and some insects and small vertebrates. The southern cassowary is a solitary bird, that
pairs only in breeding season, which takes place in late winter or spring. Females are polyandrous; a female
will usually breed with two to three males throughout the mating season, starting a new nest every time, which
the male will incubate. Courtship consists of the males making a boo-boo-boo call while inflating his throat.
The breeding season is in winter, when fruit is most abundant. The nest is a pad of vegetation on the ground
and there are typically about 4 bright green eggs in a clutch. Incubation, which is exclusively done by the
males, lasts for 47 to 61 days. Once the chicks hatch they stay with their father until they become independent
at about nine months. At about three years of age, southern cassowaries are able to reproduce.