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NESOSILICATE
Nesosilicate, formerly called Orthosilicate, compound with a structure in
which independent silicate tetrahedrons (a central silicon atom
surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron) are
present. Because none of the oxygen atoms is shared by other
tetrahedrons, the chemical formula contains a multiple of SiO4, as in
zircon, topaz, or olivine.

GADOLINITE
Mineral class

Silicates : Cyclosilicates :
Beryl - Tourmaline group

Chemical formula

Y2FeBe2(Si2O10)

Crystal system

Monoclinic.

Habitus

Rounded coarse prismatic

crystals or grainy masses.

Cleavage

No cleavage.

Hardness

6.5-7

Density

4.0-4.5

Color

Black, opaque, but traces

from uranium and thorium
often gives it a rust colored
surface.

Streak

Greenish to grayish green.

Luster

Greasy.

Description
Occurance

Most commonly in
pegmatites.

Associates
Named after the finnish chemist Johan
Gadolin (1760 - 1852).
Working in Uppsala, Sweden, in 1794 he
analysed a black mineral from Ytterby and
discovered an unknown metal. The metal
was named Yttrium after Ytterby and the
black mineral was named gadolinite in his
honor.
Locations

A rare mineral with a few

localities in Sweden.

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Gadolinit sometimes known as Ytterbite, is a silicate mineral that consist

principally of the silicates of cerium, lanthaum, neodymium, yttrium,
beryllium, and iron with the formula (Ce,La,Nd,Y) 2FeBe2Si2O10 it called
gadolinite-(Ce) or gadolinite-(Y)depending on the prominance of the
variable element composition (namely, Y if it has more yttrium, and Ce if
itt has more cerium). It may contain 35.48% yttria sub group rare earth,
2.17 ceria earth, up to 11.6% BeO and traces of thorium. It is found in
sweden, norway, and the US (Texas and Colorado).

Characteristics
Gadolinite is fairly rare and typically occurs as well-formed crystals. It is
nearly black in color and has a vitreous luster. Its hardness is between 6.5 and 7,
and its specific gravity is between 4.0 and 4.7. It fractures in a conchoidal
pattern. The mineral's streak is grayish-green. It is also pyrognomic, which
means that it becomes incandescent at a relatively low temperature.

Name and discovery

Gadolinite was named in 1800 for Johan Gadolin, the Finnish mineralogistchemist who first isolated an oxide of the rare earth element yttrium from the
mineral in 1792. The rare earth gadolinium was also named for him. However,
gadolinite does not contain more than trace amounts of gadolinium. When
Gadolin analyzed this mineral, he missed an opportunity to discover a second
element: what he thought was aluminium (alumina) was in fact an element that
would not be officially discovered until 1798: beryllium (beryllia).

Uses
Gadolinite and euxenite are quite abundant and are future sources of
yttrium sub group rare earths. At present, these elements are recovered from
monazite concentrates (after recovery of ceria sub-group metals). Gadolinium
has a great ability to capture thermal neutrons of all elements that are known
and can be used as nuclear reactor control rods . However , two of the most
suitable isotope for neutron capture , gadolinium - 155 and gadolinium - 157 ,
which is present in small amounts of gadolinium . Consequently , control rods
gadolinium quickly lose their effectiveness . Gadolinium can be combined with
ittrium to form garnet which have applications in microwave technology .
Gadolinium can be alloyed with iron , chromium and other metals to improve the
workability and resistance to high temperatures and oxidation . Gadolinium
compounds are used for making phosphors for color television .

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KONFIGURATION

Nesosilicates (Greek, nesos, island) are silicates where the SiO4

tetrahedra form isolated units. The silica tetrahedra are radicals just like
the carbonates or silicates.
Sorosilicates (Greek soros, urn) contain units made up of two tetrahedra
that share an oxygen. The resulting formula for this unit is Si2O7.
Nesosilicate units are shown at left, sorosilicate at right. The top diagram
shows the atomic arrangement, the bottom diagram is a polyhedral
representation, and the middle view shows how the two are related.

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Gadolinite-(Y)

Chemical
Formula:
Composition:

Empirical
Formula:
Environment:
Locality:
Name Origin:

Y2Fe++Be2Si2O10
Molecular Weight = 467.85 gm
Yttrium
38.01 % Y
48.27 % Y2O3
Beryllium 3.85 % Be 10.69 % BeO
Iron
11.94 % Fe 15.36 % FeO
Silicon
12.01 % Si
25.69 % SiO2
Oxygen
34.20 % O
______
______
100.00 %
100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
Y2Fe2+Be2(Si2O10)
Pegmatite veins rich in alkaline-earth elements.
Ytterby, Resar, Sweden. Link to MinDat.org Location
Data.
Named after the Finnish chemist, Johan Gadolin
(1760-1852), who discovered yttrium. The element
gadolinium was also named after Johan Gadolin in
1880.

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Gadolinite-(Ce)
Chemical
Formula:
Composition:

Empirical
Formula:
Environment:
Locality:
Name Origin:

(Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe++Be2Si2O10
Molecular Weight
Lanthanum
Cerium
La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,
Yttrium
Magnesium
Titanium
Manganese
Beryllium
Aluminum
Iron
Silicon
Boron
Oxygen

= 571.37 gm
10.94 % La 12.83 % La2O3
16.68 % Ce 19.53 % Ce2O3
17.89 % RE 20.88 % REE2O3
4.98 % Y
6.32 % Y2O3
0.17 % Mg
0.28 % MgO
0.08 % Ti
0.14 % TiO2
0.96 % Mn
1.24 % MnO
2.93 % Be
8.14 % BeO
0.05 % Al
0.09 % Al2O3
7.23 % Fe
9.31 % FeO
9.93 % Si
21.24 % SiO2
0.15 % B
0.49 % B2O3
28.00 % O
______
______
100.00 %
100.49 % = TOTAL OXIDE
Ce0.68La0.45Y0.32REE0.71Fe2+0.74Mn2+0.1Mg0.04Ti0.01Be1.86B0.08Al0.
01Si2.02O10
In syenite pegmatite veins along a contact between
basalt and monzonite.
From a dump at Buer, nine km southeast of Skien,
Bjorkendalen region, and in the Bakken quarry,
Tvedalen, Norway. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.
Named for its cerium content and the relationship to
gadolinite-(Y).

REFFERENCE

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinite
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate_minerals#Nesosilicates_or_orthosilica
tes
https://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/Petrology/NesoSoro.HTM
http://kamus-internasional.com/definitions/?indonesian_word=gadolinite
http://webmineral.com/data/Gadolinite-%28Ce%29.shtml#.V0Hlzr6ku48
http://webmineral.com/data/Gadolinite-%28Y%29.shtml#.V0HlTL6ku48