Professional Documents
Culture Documents
YEAR 2012
MCQ 3.1
ONE MARK
If x [n] = (1/3) n (1/2) n u [n], then the region of convergence (ROC) of its
z -transform in the z -plane will be
(B) 1 < z < 1
(A) 1 < z < 3
3
3
2
(C) 1 < z < 3
2
MCQ 3.2
(D) 1 < z
3
The unilateral Laplace transform of f (t) is 2 1
. The unilateral Laplace
s +s+1
transform of tf (t) is
(B) 2 2s + 1 2
(A) 2 s
(s + s + 1) 2
(s + s + 1)
(C) 2 s
(D) 2 2s + 1 2
2
(s + s + 1)
(s + s + 1)
YEAR 2012
MCQ 3.3
Let y [n] denote the convolution of h [n] and g [n], where h [n] = (1/2) n u [n]
and g [n] is a causal sequence. If y [0] = 1 and y [1] = 1/2, then g [1] equals
(A) 0
(B) 1/2
(C) 1
MCQ 3.4
(D) 3/2
MCQ 3.5
TWO MARKS
(D) 2
The input x (t) and output y (t) of a system are related as y (t) =
. The system is
(A) time-invariant and stable
# x () cos (3) d
t
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PAGE 116
CHAP 3
YEAR 2011
ONE MARK
3
MCQ 3.6
MCQ 3.7
Given two continuous time signals x (t) = et and y (t) = e2t which exist for
t > 0 , the convolution z (t) = x (t) * y (t) is
(A) et e2t
(B) e3t
(C) e+t
(D) et + e2t
YEAR 2011
MCQ 3.8
Let the Laplace transform of a function f (t) which exists for t > 0 be F1 (s)
and the Laplace transform of its delayed version f (t ) be F2 (s). Let F1 * (s)
be the complex conjugate of F1 (s) with the Laplace variable set s = + j .
F (s) F1 * (s)
, then the inverse Laplace transform of G (s) is an ideal
If G (s) = 2
F1 (s) 2
(A) impulse (t)
(B) delayed impulse (t )
(C) step function u (t)
MCQ 3.9
TWO MARKS
The response h (t) of a linear time invariant system to an impulse (t), under
initially relaxed condition is h (t) = et + e2t . The response of this system
for a unit step input u (t) is
(A) u (t) + et + e2t
(B) (et + e2t) u (t)
(C) (1.5 et 0.5e2t) u (t)
YEAR 2010
MCQ 3.10
ONE MARK
For the system 2/ (s + 1), the approximate time taken for a step response to
reach 98% of the final value is
(A) 1 s
(B) 2 s
(C) 4 s
(D) 8 s
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CHAP 3
MCQ 3.11
MCQ 3.12
PAGE 117
(D) 2.5 s
5t
# x () d, t > 0
3
MCQ 3.13
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2/
(D)
YEAR 2010
MCQ 3.14
MCQ 3.15
TWO MARKS
#- 3
(A) 2
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 4
Given the finite length input x [n] and the corresponding finite length output
y [n] of an LTI system as shown below, the impulse response h [n] of the
system is
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CHAP 3
MCQ 3.16
(B) g (t) = f` t 3j
2
(D) g (t) = f` t 3 j
2 2
(B) 1 (e - 5s e - 3s)
s
- 3s
(C) e (1 e - 2s)
s
MCQ 3.17
YEAR 2009
MCQ 3.18
ONE MARK
(D) y (t 2)
YEAR 2009
MCQ 3.19
TWO MARKS
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CHAP 3
PAGE 119
(D) the majority are unstable and the majority are causal
MCQ 3.20
ji
- ji
- ji
YEAR 2008
MCQ 3.22
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.23
A signal e - t sin (t) is the input to a real Linear Time Invariant system.
Given K and are constants, the output of the system will be of the form
Ke - t sin (vt + ) where
(A) need not be equal to but v equal to
(B) v need not be equal to but equal to
(C) equal to and v equal to
(D) need not be equal to and v need not be equal to
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PAGE 120
CHAP 3
YEAR 2008
MCQ 3.24
TWO MARKS
A system with x (t) and output y (t) is defined by the input-output relation :
y (t) =
#- 3x (t) d
- 2t
Let x (t) be a periodic signal with time period T , Let y (t) = x (t t0) + x (t + t0)
for some t0 . The Fourier Series coefficients of y (t) are denoted by bk . If bk = 0
for all odd k , then t0 can be equal to
(B) T/4
(A) T/8
(C) T/2
MCQ 3.27
(D) 2T
MCQ 3.28
z
Given X (z) =
with z > a , the residue of X (z) zn - 1 at z = a for
2
(z a)
n $ 0 will be
(B) an
(A) an - 1
(C) nan
(D) nan - 1
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CHAP 3
MCQ 3.29
MCQ 3.30
PAGE 121
Let x (t) = rect^t 12 h (where rect (x) = 1 for 12 # x # 12 and zero otherwise.
sin (x)
If sinc (x) = x , then the FTof x (t) + x ( t) will be given by
(B) 2 sinc` j
(A) sinc` j
2
2
(C) 2 sinc` j cos ` j
(D) sinc` j sin ` j
2
2
2
2
Given a sequence x [n], to generate the sequence y [n] = x [3 4n], which one
of the following procedures would be correct ?
(A) First delay x (n) by 3 samples to generate z1 [n], then pick every 4th
sample of z1 [n] to generate z2 [n], and than finally time reverse z2 [n] to
obtain y [n].
(B) First advance x [n] by 3 samples to generate z1 [n], then pick every 4th
sample of z1 [n] to generate z2 [n], and then finally time reverse z2 [n] to
obtain y [n]
(C) First pick every fourth sample of x [n] to generate v1 [n], time-reverse v1 [n]
to obtain v2 [n], and finally advance v2 [n] by 3 samples to obtain y [n]
(D) First pick every fourth sample of x [n] to generate v1 [n], time-reverse
v1 [n] to obtain v2 [n], and finally delay v2 [n] by 3 samples to obtain y [n]
YEAR 2007
MCQ 3.31
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.32
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PAGE 122
CHAP 3
YEAR 2007
MCQ 3.33
TWO MARKS
T
4
4
2T
4
(C) 4 sin ` t j
(D) sin ` t + j
T
4
4
2T
4
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CHAP 3
PAGE 123
MCQ 3.36
(D) = (- 1/3)
Consider the discrete-time system shown in the figure where the impulse
response of G (z) is g (0) = 0, g (1) = g (2) = 1, g (3) = g (4) = g = 0
If u (t), r (t) denote the unit step and unit ramp functions respectively and
u (t) * r (t) their convolution, then the function u (t + 1) * r (t 2) is given by
(B) 12 (t 1) u (t 2)
(A) 12 (t 1) u (t 1)
(C)
MCQ 3.38
(D) [ 12 , 2]
1
2
(t 1) 2 u (t 1)
YEAR 2006
MCQ 3.39
ONE MARK
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MCQ 3.40
CHAP 3
MCQ 3.41
A discrete real all pass system has a pole at z = 2+30% : it, therefore
(A) also has a pole at 12 +30%
(B) has a constant phase response over the z -plane: arg H (z) = constant
constant
(C) is stable only if it is anti-causal
(D) has a constant phase response over the unit circle: arg H (ei) = constant
YEAR 2006
MCQ 3.42
TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.43
n
The discrete-time signal x [n]
X (z) = n3= 0 3 z2n , where
2+n
denotes a transform-pair relationship, is orthogonal to the signal
n
(A) y1 [n] ) Y1 (z) = n3= 0 ` 2 j z - n
3
/
(B) y2 [n] ) Y2 (z) = /n3= 0 (5n n) z - (2n + 1)
(C) y3 [n] ) Y3 (z) = /n3=- 3 2 - n z - n
(D) y4 [n] ) Y4 (z) = 2z - 4 + 3z - 2 + 1
MCQ 3.44
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CHAP 3
PAGE 125
#- 3 x (t') dt'
t
(A) has no finite singularities in its double sided Laplace Transform Y (s)
(B) produces a bounded output for every causal bounded input
(C) produces a bounded output for every anticausal bounded input
(D) has no finite zeroes in its double sided Laplace Transform Y (s)
YEAR 2005
MCQ 3.46
For the triangular wave from shown in the figure, the RMS value of the
voltage is equal to
(A)
1
6
(C) 1
3
MCQ 3.47
MCQ 3.48
TWO MARKS
(B)
(D)
1
3
2
3
2
The Laplace transform of a function f (t) is F (s) = 5s 2+ 23s + 6 as
s (s + 2s + 2)
t " 3, f (t) approaches
(A) 3
(B) 5
(D) 3
(C) 17
2
MCQ 3.49
If u (t) is the unit step and (t) is the unit impulse function, the inverse z
-transform of F (z) = z +1 1 for k > 0 is
(A) ( 1) k (k)
(B) (k) ( 1) k
(C) ( 1) k u (k)
(D) u (k) ( 1) k
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CHAP 3
YEAR 2004
MCQ 3.50
MCQ 3.51
TWO MARKS
(A) 2 6 A
(B) 6 2 A
(C)
(D) 1.5 A
4/3 A
The rms value of the resultant current in a wire which carries a dc current
of 10 A and a sinusoidal alternating current of peak value 20 is
(A) 14.1 A
(B) 17.3 A
(C) 22.4 A
(D) 30.0 A
YEAR 2002
MCQ 3.52
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.53
Let s (t) be the step response of a linear system with zero initial conditions;
then the response of this system to an an input u (t) is
t
t
(A) s (t ) u () d
(B) d ; s (t ) u () d E
dt 0
0
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CHAP 3
(C)
MCQ 3.54
#0 s (t ); #0 u (1) d1Ed
t
(D)
#0 [s (t )] 2 u () d
1
Let Y (s) be the Laplace transformation of the function y (t), then the final
value of the function is
(B) LimY (s)
(A) LimY (s)
s"0
s"3
s"0
MCQ 3.55
PAGE 127
s"3
(A) (200/) V
(B) (100/) V
(C) 200 V
(D) 100 V
YEAR 2001
MCQ 3.56
ONE MARK
Given the relationship between the input u (t) and the output y (t) to be
y (t) =
#0 (2 + t ) e- 3(t - )u () d ,
t
s+2
(s + 3) 2
(D) 2s + 72
(s + 3)
(B)
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PAGE 128
MCQ 3.57
MCQ 3.58
CHAP 3
The DC component of v is
(A) 0.4
(B) 0.2
(C) 0.8
(D) 0.1
(D) 1 V
***********
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CHAP 3
PAGE 129
SOLUTION
SOL 3.1
/
n = 3
3
n = 3
3
1 n n
b 3 l z u [ n] +
1 n
b 2 l z u [ n] =
n
/
n = 3
3
/ b 13 l z
n=0
14
42
4
43
I
m=1
n=0
/ b 31z l + / b 13 z l
n
1 n n
b 3 l z u [ n 1]
1 44 2
44 3
II
/
n = 3
1 n n
b3l z
/ b 21z l
n=0
/ b 12 l z
n
n=0
Taking m = n
14
42
4
43
III
1 < 1 or z > 1
3
3z
1
Series II converges if z < 1 or z < 3
3
Series III converges if 1 < 1 or z > 1
2
2z
Region of convergence of X (z) will be intersection of above three
So,
ROC : 1 < z < 3
2
Series I converges if
SOL 3.2
f (t)
SOL 3.3
F (s)
dF (s)
ds
2s + 1
L [tf (t)] = d ; 2 1
=
ds s + s + 1E (s2 + s + 1) 2
tf (t)
So,
y [n] =
/ h [n] g [n k]
k = 3
/ h [n] g [n k]
k=0
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CHAP 3
For n = 0 ,
For n = 1,
1 = 1 g [1] + 1 g [0]
2
2
2
1 = g [1] + g [0]
g [1] = 1 g [0]
y [0] 1
g [0] =
= =1
h [0] 1
g [1] = 1 1 = 0
So,
SOL 3.4
# x () cos (3) d
t
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CHAP 3
PAGE 131
Time invariance :
Let,
x (t) = (t)
y (t) =
# (t t ) cos (3) d
t
y (t t 0) = u (t t 0)
y (t, t 0) ! y (t t 0)
System is not time invariant.
Stability :
Consider a bounded input x (t) = cos 3t
y (t) =
cos2 3t =
1 cos 6t = 1
2
2
3
# 1dt 12 # cos 6t dt
t
f (t) = a 0 +
n=1
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X (s) =
CHAP 3
1
s+1
y (t) = e2t
Y (s) = 1
s+2
Convolution in time domain is equivalent to multiplication in frequency
domain.
z (t) = x (t) ) y (t)
Z (s) = X (s) Y (s) = b 1 lb 1 l
s+1 s+2
By partial fraction and taking inverse Laplace transformation, we get
Z (s) = 1 1
s+1 s+2
z (t) = et e2t
SOL 3.8
F1 (s)
es F1 (s) = F2 (s)
F (s) F 1)(s) es F1 (s) F 1)(s)
G (s) = 2
=
F1 (s) 2
F1 (s) 2
esE F1 (s) 2
)
2
=
"a F1 (s) F 1 (s) = F1 (s)
F1 (s) 2
f (t )
= es
Taking inverse Laplace transform
g (t) = L 1 [es] = (t )
SOL 3.9
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CHAP 3
PAGE 133
H (s) =
Step input
Output
2
1 =2 2
b
s
(s + 1) l s (s + 1)
Let time taken for step response to reach 98% of its final value is ts .
So,
2 2e ts = 2 # 0.98
0.02 = e ts
ts = ln 50 = 3.91 sec.
SOL 3.11
SOL 3.12
#- 3x () d,
5t
t>0
Causality :
y (t) depends on x (5t), t > 0 system is non-causal.
For example t = 2
y (2) depends on x (10) (future value of input)
Linearity :
Output is integration of input which is a linear function, so system is linear.
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PAGE 134
SOL 3.13
CHAP 3
/ an cos n0 t + bn sin n0 t
n=1
So,
T /2
T
= 2=
(1) sin n0 t dt +
( 1) sin n0 t dt G
T 0
T /2
T /2
T
= 2 =c cos n0 t m c cos n0 t m G
n0 0
n0 T/2
T
= 2 6(1 cos n) + (cos 2n cos n)@
n0 T
= 2 61 ( 1) n @
n
4 , n odd
bn = * n
0 , n even
So only odd harmonic will be present in x (t)
For second harmonic component (n = 2) amplitude is zero.
SOL 3.14
#- 3
SOL 3.15
#- 3 x2 (t) dt
3
X () 2 d = 2 # 2 = 4
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CHAP 3
PAGE 135
Convolution
y [n] = {a, a + b, b + c, c + d, d}
By comparing
a =1
a + b = 0 & b = a = 1
So,
SOL 3.16
b + c = 0 & c = b = 1
c + d = 0 & d = c = 1
h [n] = {1, 1, 1, 1}
-
Shift g1 (t) by 3,
g (t) = g1 (t 3) = f` t 3 j
2
g (t) = f` t 3 j
2 2
SOL 3.17
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PAGE 136
CHAP 3
g (t) = u (t 3) u (t 5)
By shifting property we can write Laplace transform of g (t)
- 3s
G (s) = 1 e - 3s 1 e - 5s = e (1 e - 2s)
s
s
s
SOL 3.18
x (t )
h (t )
e - s X (s)
e
(shifting property)
H (s)
So now output is
H3 (z) = z - 6 + z - 4 + 1
= (z2 + z1 + 1) (z3 + z2 + 1) (z - 6 + z - 4 + 1)
H (z) " causal
Similarly to make H (z) unstable atleast one of the system should be unstable.
SOL 3.20
/ak e j2kt/T
k =- 3
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CHAP 3
PAGE 137
a 2 = 0
T
/ak e jk t
0
k =- 3
x (t) = a - 2 e - j2 t + a - 1 e - j t + a0 + a1 e j t + a2 e j2 t
0
= (2 j) e - 2j t + (0.5 + 0.2j) e - j t + 2j +
0
+ (0.5 0.2) e j t + (2 + j) e j2 t
0
= 2 6e - j2 t + e j2 t @ + j 6e j2 t e - j2 t @ +
0
Im [x (t)] = 2 (constant)
SOL 3.21
SOL 3.22
SOL 3.23
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PAGE 138
Here
CHAP 3
#- 3x () d
- 2t
Causality :
Since y (t) depends on x ( 2t), So it is non-causal.
Time-variance :
y (t) =
#- 3x ( 0) d =Y y (t 0)
- 2t
So this is time-variant.
Stability :
Output y (t) is unbounded for an bounded input.
For example
Let
x () = e - (bounded)
y (t) =
SOL 3.25
- - 2t
#- 3e- d = 8 e 1 B- 3 $ Unbounded
- 2t
2
H (j) = F [h (t)] = rect` j, < <
2
2
Y (j) = rect` j rect` j
2
2
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CHAP 3
Y (j) = K rect ` j
2
So,
= min (, )
y (t) = K sinc (t)
Where
And
SOL 3.26
PAGE 139
SOL 3.27
Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 3.28
z
, z >a
(z a) 2
at z = a is
= d (z a) 2 X (z) zn - 1 z = a
dz
z
= d (z a) 2
zn - 1
dz
(z a) 2
z=a
n-1
n
d
z
=
= nz z = a = nan - 1
dz z = a
X (z) =
Residue of X (z) zn - 1
SOL 3.29
So,
x (t) = rect `t 1 j
2
1, 1 # t 1 # 1 or 0 # t # 1
2
2 2
x (t) = *
0, elsewhere
Similarly
x ( t) = rect` t 1 j
2
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PAGE 140
CHAP 3
1, 1 # t 1 # 1 or 1 # t # 0
2
2 2
x ( t) = *
0, elsewhere
F [x (t) + x ( t)] =
=
#- 3 x (t) e- jt dt + #- 3 x ( t) e- jt dt
3
#0 (1) e- jt dt + #- 1 (1) e- jt dt
0
- j t
- j t
= ; e E + ; e E = 1 (1 e - j) + 1 (e j 1)
j 0
j - 1
j
j
1
- j /2
j /2
=e
(e j/2 e - j/2) + e
(e j/2 e - j/2)
j
j
2
2
2
2
SOL 3.30
SOL 3.31
Option ( ) is correct.
The spectrum of sampled signal s (j) contains replicas of U (j) at frequencies
! nfs .
Where
n = 0, 1, 2.......
1
fs = 1 =
= 1 kHz
Ts
1 m sec
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CHAP 3
PAGE 141
SOL 3.32
SOL 3.33
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PAGE 142
CHAP 3
So,
H () = Ke - jt
Amplitude response H () = K
Phase response,
n () = td
For distortion less output, phase response should be proportional to frequency.
d
SOL 3.35
SOL 3.36
H (z) =
z #1
z = K!
K2 + 4K # 2 K
K2 + 4K # 1 K !
2
K2 + 4K # 2
K2 + 4K # 4 4K + K2
8K # 4
K # 1/2
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CHAP 3
SOL 3.37
PAGE 143
and
So
(Time-shifting property)
(Time-shifting property)
H (s) = e - s c 13 m
s
Taking inverse Laplace transform
h (t) = 1 (t 1) 2 u (t 1)
2
SOL 3.38
a x [n 1]
z - 1 x (z)
H (z) = z - 1 (1 3z - 1) (1 + 2z - 2)
Output of the system for input u [n] = [n 1] is ,
y (z) = H (z) U (z)
U [n]
So
Y (z) = z - 1 (1 3z - 1) (1 + 2z - 2) z - 1
= z - 2 (1 3z - 1 + 2z - 2 6z - 3) = z - 2 3z - 3 + 2z - 4 6z - 5
Taking inverse z-transform on both sides we have output.
y [n] = [n 2] 3 [n 3] + 2 [n 4] 6 [n 5]
SOL 3.39
t0
#- t
g (t) 2 dt < 3
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PAGE 144
SOL 3.40
CHAP 3
x (t) = A0 +
n=1
#0
= 2=
T0
T0
#0
x (t) sin n0 t dt
T0 /2
x () sin n0 d +
#T /2 x (t) sin n0 t dt G
T
Where = T t & d = dt
T0 /2
= 2;
T0
#T
= 2;
T0
= 2;
T0
x (T t) sin n0 (T t) ( dt)+
#T /2 x (t) sin n0 t dt E
T
TO
T0
T0
= 2 ;
T0
T0
T0
bn = 0 if x (t) = x (T t)
From half wave symmetry we know that if
x (t) = x`t ! T j
2
Then Fourier series of x (t) contains only odd harmonics.
SOL 3.41
( 3 + j)
= ( 3 + j)
2
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CHAP 3
PAGE 145
y [n] = { a, 2a b, 2b c, 2c}
So,
a=1
y [n] = { 1, 3, 1, 2}
-
2a b = 3 & b = 1
2a c = 1 & c = 1
Impulse response h [n] = "1, 1, 1,
SOL 3.43
Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 3.44
SOL 3.45
y (t) =
# x (t') dt'
3
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PAGE 146
CHAP 3
# x (t') dt'
is always bounded.
SOL 3.46
Vrms =
Where
#0
V2 (t) dt
2
T
`T j t, 0 # t # 2
V (t) = *
0,
So
1
T
#0
V 2 (t) dt = 1 =
T
SOL 3.47
#0
T /2
2t 2
` T j dt +
#T/2 (0) dt G
T
T /2
T /2
3
t2 dt = 43 ; t E
T 3 0
3
= 43 # T = 1
6
24
T
= 1 V
6
#0
= 1 $ 42
T T
Vrms
T <t#T
2
t"3
s"0
s"0
(5s2 + 23s + 6)
s (s2 + 2s + 2)
= 6 =3
2
SOL 3.48
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CHAP 3
SOL 3.49
Z-transform
1 = 1 z = 1 1
z+1
z+1
1 + z 1
f (k) = (k) ( 1) k
Z
1
( 1) k
1 + z 1
so,
Thus
SOL 3.50
PAGE 147
1 T I2 (t) dt
T 0
12 t, 0 # t < T
2
From the graph, I (t) = * ` T j
6,
T /2 < t # T
Irms =
So
1
T
#0
I2 dt = 1 =
T
#0
T /2
12t 2
` T j dt +
#T/2 (6) 2 dt G
T
T /2
t3
= 1 e 144
+ 36 6 t @TT/2 o
;
2
T T 3 E0
T3 + 36 T = 1 [6T + 18T] = 24
= 1 ; 144
c
` 2 jE T
T T2 24 m
Irms =
SOL 3.51
24 = 2 6 A
SOL 3.52
(10) 2 +
(20) 2
= 17.32 A
2
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PAGE 148
= 1=
T
CHAP 3
T /2
4
` T j tdt G
T /2
2
2
= 1 e 4 ;t E
4 ;t E o
T T 2 - T /2 T 2 0
2
2
= 1 ; 4 c T m 4 c T mE = 0
T T 8
T 8
an = 2
f (t) cos n0 t dt
T
0
4 t cos n t + T/2 4 t cos n tdt
= 2=
0
0
G
`
` Tj
T - T /2 T j
0
By solving the integration
8 , n is odd
2 2
an = * n
0,
n is even
So,
f (t) = 82 8cos t + 1 cos (3t) + 1 cos (5t) + ....B
9
25
SOL 3.53
#- 3 u () h (t ) d
3
SOL 3.54
t"3
SOL 3.55
s"3
here T0 =
1
T0
#TV2 (t) dt = 1 = #0
/3
(100) 2 dt +
2 /3
#/3
( 100) 2 dt +
#2/3 (100) 2 dt G
= 1 810 4 ` j + 10 4 ` j + 10 4 ` jB = 10 4 V
3
3
3
GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Published by: NODIA and COMPANY
ISBN: 9788192276243
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CHAP 3
Vrms =
SOL 3.56
PAGE 149
10 4 = 100 V
#0 u () h (t ) d
t
#0 (2 + t ) e- 3(t - )u () d
t
So
h (t) = (t + 2) e - 3t u (t), t > 0
Transfer function
Y (s)
1
H (s) =
=
+ 2
2
(s + 3)
U (s)
(s + 3)
(2s + 7)
= 1 + 2s +26 =
(s + 3)
(s + 3) 2
SOL 3.57
sin nt
sin nt
= 2 f : n D : n D p
5
0
3
2
=
=
5
T
an = 1 6sin 3n sin 5n + sin 3n@
n
3
Put
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PAGE 150
CHAP 3
= 1 ;2 sin b 3n 2 l sin b 5n 2 lE
n
5
5
= 1 ;2 sin b 6n l sin ^2nhE
n
5
= 2 sin b 6n l
n
5
Coefficient, bn = 2 v (t) sin n0 t dt
T
cos nt
cos nt
= 2 f 9 n C 9 n C p
5
0
3
2
put
=
=
5
T
bn = 1 6 cos 3n + 1 + cos 5n cos 3n@
n
= 1 6 2 cos 3n + 1 + cos 5n@
n
= 1 ; 2 cos b 3n 2 l + 1 + cos b 5n 2 lE
n
5
5
= 1 ; 2 cos b 6n l + 1 + 1E
n
5
= 2 ;1 cos b 6n lE
n
5
Amplitude of fundamental component of v is
3
v f = a12 + b12
a1 = 2 sin b 6 l, b1 = 2 b1 cos 6 l
5
vf = 2
sin2 6 + b1 cos 6 l
5
5
= 1.20 Volt
***********
ISBN: 9788192276243