aipur ( /dapr/)[2][3][4] is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan in Northern India.

It was
founded on 18 November 1726 by Maharaja Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amer after whom the city is named.[5] As of
2011, the city has a population of 3.1 million, making it the tenth most populous city in the country. Jaipur is also
known as the Pink City of India.[6]
i

Located 260 km from the Indian capital New Delhi, Jaipur forms a part of the Golden Triangle tourist circuit along
with Agra (240 km).[7] Jaipur is a popular tourist destination in India and serves as a gateway to other tourist
destinations in Rajasthan such as Jodhpur (348 km), Jaisalmer (571 km) and Udaipur (421 km).
Contents
[hide]

History[edit]
Main article: History of Jaipur

Jai Singh II, the founder of Jaipur

The city of Jaipur was founded in 1726 by Jai Singh II, the Raja of Amer who ruled from 1688 to 1758. He
planned to shift his capital from Amer, 11 km from Jaipur to accommodate the growing population and increasing
scarcity of water.[5] Jai Singh consulted several books on architecture and architects while planning the layout of
Jaipur. Under the architectural guidance of Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, Jaipur was planned based on the principles
of Vastu shastra and Shilpa Shastra.[8] The construction of the city began in 1726 and took four years to complete
the major roads, offices and palaces. The city was divided into nine blocks, two of which contained the state
buildings and palaces, with the remaining seven allotted to the public. Huge ramparts were built, pierced by
seven fortified gates.[5]
During the rule of Sawai Ram Singh, the city was painted pink to welcome the Prince of Wales, later Edward VII,
in 1876.[9] Many of the avenues remained painted in pink, giving Jaipur a distinctive appearance and the
epithet Pink city.[10] In the 19th century, the city grew rapidly and by 1900 it had a population of 160,000. The wide
boulevards were paved and its chief industries were the working of metals and marble, fostered by a school of

art founded in 1868. The city had three colleges, including a Sanskrit college (1865) and a girls' school (1867)
opened during the reign of the Maharaja Ram Singh II.[11][12]
In May 2008, a series of bomb blasts by Indian Mujahideen killed 63 people and injured 216.[13][14]

Climate[edit]
Jaipur has a hot semi-arid climate under the Kppen climate classification "BSh",[15] receiving over 650
millimetres (26 in) of rainfall annually but most rains occur in the monsoon months between June and
September. Temperatures remain relatively high during summer from April to early July having average daily
temperatures of around 30 C (86 F). During the monsoon there are frequent, heavy rains and thunderstorms,
but flooding is not common. The winter months of November to February are mild and pleasant, with average
temperatures ranging from 1015 C (5059 F) and with little or no humidity and cold waves lead to
temperatures near freezing.[16]

[hide]Climate data for Jaipur (Jaipur Airport)

Month

Record high C (F)

Average high C (F)

Average low C (F)

Record low C (F)

Average precipitation mm (inches)

Average rainy days

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

31.7

36.7

42.8

44.9

48.5

47.2

46.7

41.7

41.7

40

(89.1)

(98.1)

(109)

(112.8)

(119.3)

(117)

(116.1)

(107.1)

(107.1)

(10

22.4

25.0

31.0

37.1

40.3

39.3

34.1

32.4

33.8

33

(72.3)

(77)

(87.8)

(98.8)

(104.5)

(102.7)

(93.4)

(90.3)

(92.8)

(92

8.4

10.8

16.0

21.8

25.9

27.4

25.8

24.7

23.2

19

(47.1)

(51.4)

(60.8)

(71.2)

(78.6)

(81.3)

(78.4)

(76.5)

(73.8)

(66

2.2

2.2

3.3

9.4

15.6

19.1

20.6

18.9

15.0

11

(28)

(28)

(37.9)

(48.9)

(60.1)

(66.4)

(69.1)

(66)

(59)

(5

7.0

10.6

3.1

4.9

17.9

63.4

223.3

205.9

66.3

25

(0.276)

(0.417)

(0.122)

(0.193)

(0.705)

(2.496)

(8.791)

(8.106)

(2.61)

0.6

1.0

0.4

0.7

1.4

3.9

11.2

10.0

3.8

Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[17][18]

Demographics[edit]

(0.9

[show]Population Growth of Jaipur City

Religion
Percent(
%)

Religion

Hinduism
Islam
Jainism
Other

77.9%
18.6%
2.4%
1.2%

As of 2011, Jaipur had a population of 3,073,350.[21] According to census of 2011. The Hindu population
accounts for 77.9%, Muslim 18.6%, Jains 2.4% and others 1.0%.[22] While 47.49% people lived in rural areas,
52.51% lived in urban areas. The overall literacy rate for the district was 76.44%. 87.27% males and 64.63%
females were literate. The sex ratio was 898 females per 1,000 males. [21]

Architecture[edit]

Vidhan Sabha in Jaipur

The city was planned according to Indian Vastu shastra by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya in 1727.[23] There are three
gates facing east, west, and north. The eastern gate is called Suraj pol (sun gate), the western gate is
called Chand pol (moon gate) and the northern gate faces the ancestral capital of Amer.[8][24]
The city is unusual among pre-modern Indian cities in the regularity of its streets, and the division of the city into
six sectors by broad streets 34 m (111 ft) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded
streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth
quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses the Hawa Mahal palace complex, formal gardens,
and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns the hill in the
northwest corner of the old city.[25]

Administration and politics[edit]

Jaipur Municipal Corporation is responsible for maintaining the city's civic infrastructure and carrying out
associated administrative duties. The Municipal Corporation is headed by a mayor. [26] There are 91 wards and
each ward is represented by an elected member. Jaipur Development Authority (JDA) is the nodal government
agency responsible for the planning and development of Jaipur. [27] Jaipur consists of
two parliamentary constituencies Jaipur and Jaipur Rural.[28]

Economy[edit]

World Trade Park, Jaipur

In addition to its role as the provincial capital, educational, and administrative centre, the economy of Jaipur is
fuelled by tourism, gemstone cutting, the manufacture of jewellery and luxury textiles, and information
technology.[29] Three major trade promotion organisations have their offices in Jaipur. These are: Federation of
Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, (FICCI) the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI) and
the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) which has its regional offices here. In 2008, Jaipur was ranked 31
among the 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing cities.[30] Jaipur Stock Exchange is one of the regional stock
exchanges in India and was founded in 1989.[31] Jaipur is a major hub for arts and crafts. It has many traditional
shops selling antiques, jewellery, handicrafts, gems, bangles, pottery, carpets, textiles, leather and metal
products. Jaipur is one of India's largest manufacturers of hand-knotted rugs.[32][33] Jaipur leg, a rubberbased prosthetic leg for people with below-knee amputations, was designed and is produced in Jaipur.[34][35]

Media[edit]
Major daily newspapers in Jaipur include Rajasthan Patrika, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Navajyoti and The Times of
India.[36][37] The state-owned All India Radio is broadcast both on the medium wave and FM band in the city.
Private FM stations include Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz), Radio City (91.1 MHz), My FM (94.3 MHz), FM Tadka 95
FM (95.0 MHz), Red FM 93.5 (93.5 MHz) and Gyan Vani (105.6 MHz). The city has a community FM channel in
FM Radio 7 (90.4 MHz) by India International School Institutional Network. The public
broadcaster Doordarshan (Prasar Bharati) provides a regional channel in addition to the private broadcasters.

Culture[edit]

Downtown Jaipur

Jaipur has many cultural sites like Jawahar Kala Kendra formed by Architect Charles Correa and Ravindra
Manch. Government Central Museum hosts several arts and antiquities. There is a government museum
at Hawa Mahal and an art gallery at Viratnagar. There are statues depicting Rajasthani culture around the city.[38]
[39]
Jaipur has many traditional shops selling antiques and handicrafts. The prior rulers of Jaipur patronised a
number of arts and crafts. They invited skilled artisans, artists and craftsmen from India and abroad who settled
in the city. Some of the crafts include bandhani, block printing, stone carving and sculpture, tarkashi, zari, gotapatti, kinari and zardozi, silver jewellery, gems, kundan, meenakari and jewellery, Lakh ki Chudiya, miniature
paintings, blue pottery, ivory carving, shellac work and leather ware.[6][25]

Jaipur has its own performing arts. The Jaipur Gharana for Kathak and Ghoomar are popular folk dance styles.[40]
[41][42]
Tamasha is an art form where Kathputli puppet dance is shown in play form.[43] Jaipur has four majors fairs
and festivals namely Elephant Festival, Gangaur, Kite Festival Jaipur and Teej. Jaipur is also famous for
the Jaipur Literature Festival, the world's largest free literature festival in which country-wide authors, writers and
literature lovers participate.[44]

Cuisine[edit]
Typical dishes include Dal Baati Churma, Missi Roti, Gatte ki Sabzi, Ker Sangri, and Bajre ki Roti.[45] Sweet
dishes include Ghevar, Feeni, Mawa Kachori, Gajak, Chauguni ke laddu, and Moong Thal. [46][47]

Languages[edit]
The main language of Jaipur is Rajasthani. Dhundhari, Marwari, Hindi and English are also spoken in the city.[43]